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Balta MÇ, Erdoğdu İH, Oktay E, Çulhac N. Comparison of molecular analysis results determined by next-generation sequencing to immunohistochemical indicators and clinicopathological parameters in prostate adenocarcinomas. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2024; 67:267-274. [PMID: 38427749 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_361_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a common cancer in males, frequently leading to mortality. Multiple genetic factors play roles in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Demonstration of pathological pathways and customised treatment options have been possible with next-generation sequencing. AIM In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationships of the changes in the prostate cancer pathways genes with the pathological, immunohistochemical and the clinical parameters. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Among the prostate needle biopsy materials investigated in Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, thirty-one cases, who had been analysed using the next-generation sequencing system, were included in this study. RESULTS As a result of statistical analysis, a significant relationship was found between the pathogenic mutation detected in androgen receptor and Breast Cancer Gene 2 genes and tumour volume. In all cases with a pathogenic mutation in the androgen receptor gene, a pathogenic mutation in the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog gene was also observed and a significant relationship was found between them. Castration resistance was observed in cases with high tumour volume, and a statistically significant difference was found. A statistically significant relationship was found between tumour volume and Ki-67 expression. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between the castration resistance and Ki-67, c-erbB2 expressions. A statistically significant relationship was found between Ki-67 and c-erbB2. CONCLUSION Regarding prognosis prediction and treatment, identifying the molecular changes in genes playing roles in prostate cancer with next-generation sequencing is very important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esin Oktay
- Department of Oncology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Nil Çulhac
- Department of Pathology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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Glaviano A, Foo ASC, Lam HY, Yap KCH, Jacot W, Jones RH, Eng H, Nair MG, Makvandi P, Geoerger B, Kulke MH, Baird RD, Prabhu JS, Carbone D, Pecoraro C, Teh DBL, Sethi G, Cavalieri V, Lin KH, Javidi-Sharifi NR, Toska E, Davids MS, Brown JR, Diana P, Stebbing J, Fruman DA, Kumar AP. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling transduction pathway and targeted therapies in cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:138. [PMID: 37596643 PMCID: PMC10436543 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell cycle progression. Growth factor signalling to transcription factors in the PAM axis is highly regulated by multiple cross-interactions with several other signaling pathways, and dysregulation of signal transduction can predispose to cancer development. The PAM axis is the most frequently activated signaling pathway in human cancer and is often implicated in resistance to anticancer therapies. Dysfunction of components of this pathway such as hyperactivity of PI3K, loss of function of PTEN, and gain-of-function of AKT, are notorious drivers of treatment resistance and disease progression in cancer. In this review we highlight the major dysregulations in the PAM signaling pathway in cancer, and discuss the results of PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors as monotherapy and in co-administation with other antineoplastic agents in clinical trials as a strategy for overcoming treatment resistance. Finally, the major mechanisms of resistance to PAM signaling targeted therapies, including PAM signaling in immunology and immunotherapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Glaviano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aaron S C Foo
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiu Y Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Kenneth C H Yap
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert H Jones
- Cardiff University and Velindre Cancer Centre, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Huiyan Eng
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Madhumathy G Nair
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Inserm U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Matthew H Kulke
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Baird
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniel B L Teh
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Kevin H Lin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Eneda Toska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 216 Sprague Hall, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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Nunes Azevedo FF, Freitas de Sousa FJ, Santos de Oliveira FL, Vieira Carletti J, Zanatta G. Binding site hotspot map of PI3Kα and mTOR in the presence of selective and dual ATP-competitive inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1085-1097. [PMID: 34913837 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2016487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolism, growth and survival. PI3Kα hyperactivation impairs downstream signaling, including mTOR regulation, and are linked to poor prognosis and refractory cancer treatment. To support multi-target drug discovery, we took advantage from existing PI3Kα and mTOR crystallographic structures to map similarities and differences in their ATP-binding pockets in the presence of selective or dual inhibitors. Molecular dynamics and MM/PBSA calculations were employed to study the binding profile and identify the relative contribution of binding site residues. Our analysis showed that while varying parameters of solute and solvent dielectric constant interfered in the absolute binding free energy, it had no effect in the relative per residue contribution. In all complexes, the most important interactions were observed within 3-3.5 Å from inhibitors, responding for ∼75-100% of the total calculated interaction energy. While closest residues are essential for the strength of the binding of all ligands, more distant residues seem to have a larger impact on the binding of the dual inhibitor, as observed for PI3Kα residues Phe934, Lys802 and Asp805 and, mTOR residues Leu2192, Phe2358, Leu2354, Lys2187 and Tyr2225. A detailed description of individual residue contribution in the presence of selective or dual inhibitors is provided as an effort to improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms controlling multi-target inhibition. This work provides key information to support further studies seeking the rational design of potent PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors for cancer treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Geancarlo Zanatta
- Postgraduate Programme in Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry at Federal, University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Department of Physics at Federal, University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases as Potential Targets for Thrombosis Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094840. [PMID: 35563228 PMCID: PMC9105564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As integral parts of pathological arterial thrombi, platelets are the targets of pharmacological regimens designed to treat and prevent thrombosis. A detailed understanding of platelet biology and function is thus key to design treatments that prevent thrombotic cardiovascular disease without significant disruption of the haemostatic balance. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a group of lipid kinases critical to various aspects of platelet biology. There are eight PI3K isoforms, grouped into three classes. Our understanding of PI3K biology has recently progressed with the targeting of specific isoforms emerging as an attractive therapeutic strategy in various human diseases, including for thrombosis. This review will focus on the role of PI3K subtypes in platelet function and subsequent thrombus formation. Understanding the mechanisms by which platelet function is regulated by the various PI3Ks edges us closer toward targeting specific PI3K isoforms for anti-thrombotic therapy.
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He XS, Ye WL, Zhang YJ, Yang XQ, Liu F, Wang JR, Ding XL, Yang Y, Zhang RN, Zhao YY, Bi HX, Guo LC, Gan WJ, Wu H. Oncogenic potential of BEST4 in colorectal cancer via activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Oncogene 2022; 41:1166-1177. [PMID: 35058597 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BEST4 is a member of the bestrophin protein family that plays a critical role in human intestinal epithelial cells. However, its role and mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely elusive. Here, we investigated the role and clinical significance of BEST4 in CRC. Our results demonstrate that BEST4 expression is upregulated in clinical CRC samples and its high-level expression correlates with advanced TNM (tumor, lymph nodes, distant metastasis) stage, LNM (lymph node metastasis), and poor survival. Functional studies revealed that ectopic expression of BEST4 promoted CRC cell proliferation and metastasis, whereas the depletion of BEST4 had the opposite effect both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, BEST4 binds to the p85α regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and promotes p110 kinase activity; this leads to activation of Akt signaling and expression of MYC and CCND1, which are critical regulators of cell proliferation and metastasis. In clinical samples, the expression of BEST4 is positively associated with the expression of phosphorylated Akt, MYC and CCND1. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt activity markedly repressed BEST4-mediated Akt signaling and proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells. Importantly, the interaction between BEST4 and p85α was also enhanced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in CRC cells. Therapeutically, BEST4 suppression effectively sensitized CRC cells to gefitinib treatment in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate the oncogenic potential of BEST4 in colorectal carcinogenesis and metastasis by modulating BEST4/PI3K/Akt signaling, highlighting a potential strategy for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shun He
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wen-Long Ye
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yu-Juan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Canglang Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Ding
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hai-Xia Bi
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ling-Chuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Gan
- Department of Pathology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215124, China. .,Department of Pathology, Medical Center of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215124, China.
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Department of Pathology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215124, China.
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6
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Wang Y, Tortorella M. Molecular design of dual inhibitors of PI3K and potential molecular target of cancer for its treatment: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114039. [PMID: 34894440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling network is a key event in many human cancers and therefore enormous efforts have been made in the development of PI3K inhibitors. However, due to intrinsic and acquired resistance as well as poor drug tolerance, limited therapeutic efficacy has been achieved with these agents. In view of the fact that PI3K inhibitors can show synergistic antitumor effects with other cancer agents, namely mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors, dual inhibition of both targets by a single-molecule is regarded as a promising complementary or alternative therapeutic strategy to overcome the drawbacks of just PI3K monotherapy. In this review, we discuss the theoretical foundation for designing PI3K-based dual-target inhibitors and summarize the structure-activity relationships and clinical progress of these dual-binding agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanze Wang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health - Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510530, PR China.
| | - Micky Tortorella
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health - Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510530, PR China
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Mishra R, Patel H, Alanazi S, Kilroy MK, Garrett JT. PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer: Clinical Implications and Adverse Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3464. [PMID: 33801659 PMCID: PMC8037248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phospatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is a crucial intracellular signaling pathway which is mutated or amplified in a wide variety of cancers including breast, gastric, ovarian, colorectal, prostate, glioblastoma and endometrial cancers. PI3K signaling plays an important role in cancer cell survival, angiogenesis and metastasis, making it a promising therapeutic target. There are several ongoing and completed clinical trials involving PI3K inhibitors (pan, isoform-specific and dual PI3K/mTOR) with the goal to find efficient PI3K inhibitors that could overcome resistance to current therapies. This review focuses on the current landscape of various PI3K inhibitors either as monotherapy or in combination therapies and the treatment outcomes involved in various phases of clinical trials in different cancer types. There is a discussion of the drug-related toxicities, challenges associated with these PI3K inhibitors and the adverse events leading to treatment failure. In addition, novel PI3K drugs that have potential to be translated in the clinic are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joan T. Garrett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; (R.M.); (H.P.); (S.A.); (M.K.K.)
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Yang J, Nie J, Ma X, Wei Y, Peng Y, Wei X. Targeting PI3K in cancer: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:26. [PMID: 30782187 PMCID: PMC6379961 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 867] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is one of the most important intracellular pathways, which can be considered as a master regulator for cancer. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to the development of drugs targeting PI3K signaling, many of which are currently employed in clinical trials evaluation, and it is becoming increasingly clear that PI3K inhibitors are effective in inhibiting tumor progression. PI3K inhibitors are subdivided into dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, pan-PI3K inhibitors and isoform-specific inhibitors. In this review, we performed a critical review to summarize the role of the PI3K pathway in tumor development, recent PI3K inhibitors development based on clinical trials, and the mechanisms of resistance to PI3K inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji Nie
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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