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Sun Y, Mu G, Zhang X, Wu Y, Wang S, Wang X, Xue Z, Wang C, Liu J, Li W, Zhang L, Guo Y, Zhao F, Liu X, Xue Z, Zhang Y, Ni S, Wang J, Li X, Han M, Huang B. Metabolic modulation of histone acetylation mediated by HMGCL activates the FOXM1/β-catenin pathway in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:653-669. [PMID: 38069906 PMCID: PMC10995515 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism modulates epigenetic modification, such as H3K27ac in cancer, thus providing a link between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic change, which are prominent hallmarks of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Here, we identified mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL), an enzyme involved in leucine degradation, promoting GBM progression and glioma stem cell (GSC) maintenance. METHODS In silico analysis was performed to identify specific molecules involved in multiple processes. Glioblastoma multiforme cells were infected with knockdown/overexpression lentiviral constructs of HMGCL to assess malignant performance in vitro and in an orthotopic xenograft model. RNA sequencing was used to identify potential downstream molecular targets. RESULTS HMGCL, as a gene, increased in GBM and was associated with poor survival in patients. Knockdown of HMGCL suppressed proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Acetyl-CoA was decreased with HMGCL knockdown, which led to reduced NFAT1 nuclear accumulation and H3K27ac level. RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic profiling revealed FOXM1 as a candidate downstream target, and HMGCL-mediated H3K27ac modification in the FOXM1 promoter induced transcription of the gene. Loss of FOXM1 protein with HMGCL knockdown led to decreased nuclear translocation and thus activity of β-catenin, a known oncogene. Finally, JIB-04, a small molecule confirmed to bind to HMGCL, suppressed GBM tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Changes in acetyl-CoA levels induced by HMGCL altered H3K27ac modification, which triggers transcription of FOXM1 and β-catenin nuclear translocation. Targeting HMGCL by JIB-04 inhibited tumor growth, indicating that mediators of BCAA metabolism may serve as molecular targets for effective GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangjing Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Xue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Jilong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunyun Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feihu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Xuemeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyi Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Mingzhi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
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Chen Y, Tu MJ, Han F, Liu Z, Batra N, Lara PN, Chen HW, Bi H, Yu AM. Use of recombinant microRNAs as antimetabolites to inhibit human non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4273-4290. [PMID: 37799388 PMCID: PMC10547963 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the development of therapeutic microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs), it is essential to define their pharmacological actions. Rather, miRNA research and therapy mainly use miRNA mimics synthesized in vitro. After experimental screening of unique recombinant miRNAs produced in vivo, three lead antiproliferative miRNAs against human NSCLC cells, miR-22-3p, miR-9-5p, and miR-218-5p, were revealed to target folate metabolism by bioinformatic analyses. Recombinant miR-22-3p, miR-9-5p, and miR-218-5p were shown to regulate key folate metabolic enzymes to inhibit folate metabolism and subsequently alter amino acid metabolome in NSCLC A549 and H1975 cells. Isotope tracing studies further confirmed the disruption of one-carbon transfer from serine to folate metabolites by all three miRNAs, inhibition of glucose uptake by miR-22-3p, and reduction of serine biosynthesis from glucose by miR-9-5p and -218-5p in NSCLC cells. With greater activities to interrupt NSCLC cell respiration, glycolysis, and colony formation than miR-9-5p and -218-5p, recombinant miR-22-3p was effective to reduce tumor growth in two NSCLC patient-derived xenograft mouse models without causing any toxicity. These results establish a common antifolate mechanism and differential actions on glucose uptake and metabolism for three lead anticancer miRNAs as well as antitumor efficacy for miR-22-3p nanomedicine, which shall provide insight into developing antimetabolite RNA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Fangwei Han
- School of Public Health, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Neelu Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Primo N. Lara
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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3
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Yuan H, Wu X, Wu Q, Chatoff A, Megill E, Gao J, Huang T, Duan T, Yang K, Jin C, Yuan F, Wang S, Zhao L, Zinn PO, Abdullah KG, Zhao Y, Snyder NW, Rich JN. Lysine catabolism reprograms tumour immunity through histone crotonylation. Nature 2023; 617:818-826. [PMID: 37198486 PMCID: PMC11089809 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells rewire metabolism to favour the generation of specialized metabolites that support tumour growth and reshape the tumour microenvironment1,2. Lysine functions as a biosynthetic molecule, energy source and antioxidant3-5, but little is known about its pathological role in cancer. Here we show that glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) reprogram lysine catabolism through the upregulation of lysine transporter SLC7A2 and crotonyl-coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA)-producing enzyme glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) with downregulation of the crotonyl-CoA hydratase enoyl-CoA hydratase short chain 1 (ECHS1), leading to accumulation of intracellular crotonyl-CoA and histone H4 lysine crotonylation. A reduction in histone lysine crotonylation by either genetic manipulation or lysine restriction impaired tumour growth. In the nucleus, GCDH interacts with the crotonyltransferase CBP to promote histone lysine crotonylation. Loss of histone lysine crotonylation promotes immunogenic cytosolic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and dsDNA generation through enhanced H3K27ac, which stimulates the RNA sensor MDA5 and DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) to boost type I interferon signalling, leading to compromised GSC tumorigenic potential and elevated CD8+ T cell infiltration. A lysine-restricted diet synergized with MYC inhibition or anti-PD-1 therapy to slow tumour growth. Collectively, GSCs co-opt lysine uptake and degradation to shunt the production of crotonyl-CoA, remodelling the chromatin landscape to evade interferon-induced intrinsic effects on GSC maintenance and extrinsic effects on immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huairui Yuan
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xujia Wu
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam Chatoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Megill
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinjun Gao
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tengfei Huang
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tingting Duan
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chunyu Jin
- Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Fanen Yuan
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pascal O Zinn
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kalil G Abdullah
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Keske N, Özay B, Tükel EY, Menteş M, Yandım C. In silico drug screen reveals potential competitive MTHFR inhibitors for clinical repurposing. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11818-11831. [PMID: 36597898 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2163697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MTHFR (Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) is a pivotal enzyme involved in one-carbon metabolism, which is critical for the proliferation of cancer cells. In line with this, published literature showed that MTHFR knockdown caused impaired growth of multiple types of cancer cells. Moreover, higher MTHFR expression levels were linked to shorter overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and low-grade glioma, bringing the need to design MTHFR inhibitors as a possible treatment option. No competitive inhibitors of MTHFR have been reported as of today. This study aimed to identify potential competitive MTHFR inhibitor candidates using an in silico drug screen. A total of 30470 molecules containing biogenic compounds, FDA-approved drugs, and those in clinical trials were screened against the catalytic pocket of MTHFR in the presence and absence of cofactors. Binding energy and ADMET analysis revealed that Vilanterol (β2-adrenergic agonist), Selexipag (prostacyclin receptor agonist), and Ramipril Diketopiperazine (ACE inhibitor) are potential competitive inhibitors of MTHFR. Molecular dynamics analyses and MM-PBSA calculations with these compounds particularly revealed the amino acids between 285-290 for ligand binding and highlighted Vilanterol as the strongest candidate for MTHFR inhibition. Our results could guide the development of novel MTHFR inhibitor compounds, which could be inspired by the drugs brought into the spotlight here. More importantly, these potential candidates could be quhickly tested as a repurposing strategy in pre-clinical and clinical studies of the cancers mentioned above.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlıgül Keske
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, İzmir University of Economics, Balçova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Başak Özay
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, İzmir University of Economics, Balçova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Yağmur Tükel
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, İzmir University of Economics, Balçova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Muratcan Menteş
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, İzmir University of Economics, Balçova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cihangir Yandım
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, İzmir University of Economics, Balçova, İzmir, Turkey
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylül University Health Campus, İnciraltı, İzmir, Turkey
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5
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Sun H, Song K, Zhou Y, Ding JF, Tu B, Yang JJ, Sha JM, Zhao JY, Zhang Y, Tao H. MTHFR epigenetic derepression protects against diabetes cardiac fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:330-341. [PMID: 36279972 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes cardiac fibrosis is associated with altered DNA methylation of fibrogenic genes; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigate the critical role of DNA methylation aberration-associated suppression of MTHFR in diabetes cardiac fibrosis, and the protective effects of folate on diabetes cardiac fibrosis, using cultured cells, animal models, and clinical samples. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein, we report that DNA methylation repression of MTHFR, critically involved in diabetes cardiac fibrosis, mediates the significant protective effects of folate in a mouse model of diabetes cardiac fibrosis induced by STZ. Heart MTHFR expression was markedly suppressed in diabetes cardiac fibrosis patients and mice, accompanied by increased DNMT3A and MTHFR promoter methylation. Knockdown of DNMT3A demethylated MTHFR promoter, recovered the MTHFR loss, and alleviated the diabetes cardiac fibrosis pathology and cardiac fibroblasts pyroptosis. Mechanistically, DNMT3A epigenetically repressed MTHFR expression via methylation of the promoter. Interestingly, folate supplementation can rescue the effect of MTHFR loss in diabetes cardiac fibrosis, suggesting that inactivation of MTHFR through epigenetics is a critical mediator of diabetes cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The current study identifies that MTHFR repression due to aberrant DNMT3A elevation and subsequent MTHFR promoter hypermethylation is likely an important epigenetic feature of diabetes cardiac fibrosis, and folate supplementation protects against diabetes cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Ji-Fei Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Bin Tu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Ji-Ming Sha
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
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6
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Lin KH, Rutter JC, Xie A, Killarney ST, Vaganay C, Benaksas C, Ling F, Sodaro G, Meslin PA, Bassil CF, Fenouille N, Hoj J, Washart R, Ang HX, Cerda-Smith C, Chaintreuil P, Jacquel A, Auberger P, Forget A, Itzykson R, Lu M, Lin J, Pierobon M, Sheng Z, Li X, Chilkoti A, Owzar K, Rizzieri DA, Pardee TS, Benajiba L, Petricoin E, Puissant A, Wood KC. P2RY2-AKT activation is a therapeutically actionable consequence of XPO1 inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:837-851. [PMID: 35668193 PMCID: PMC9949365 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selinexor is a first-in-class inhibitor of the nuclear exportin XPO1 that was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple myeloma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), selinexor has shown promising activity, suggesting that selinexor-based combination therapies may have clinical potential. Here, motivated by the hypothesis that selinexor's nuclear sequestration of diverse substrates imposes pleiotropic fitness effects on AML cells, we systematically catalog the pro- and anti-fitness consequences of selinexor treatment. We discover that selinexor activates PI3Kγ-dependent AKT signaling in AML by upregulating the purinergic receptor P2RY2. Inhibiting this axis potentiates the anti-leukemic effects of selinexor in AML cell lines, patient-derived primary cultures and multiple mouse models of AML. In a syngeneic, MLL-AF9-driven mouse model of AML, treatment with selinexor and ipatasertib outperforms both standard-of-care chemotherapy and chemotherapy with selinexor. Together, these findings establish drug-induced P2RY2-AKT signaling as an actionable consequence of XPO1 inhibition in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justine C Rutter
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Abigail Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shane T Killarney
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Camille Vaganay
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Chaima Benaksas
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Frank Ling
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Gaetano Sodaro
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Paul-Arthur Meslin
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Nina Fenouille
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jacob Hoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Washart
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hazel X Ang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Antoine Forget
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Itzykson
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiaxing Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Zhecheng Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xinghai Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David A Rizzieri
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Timothy S Pardee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lina Benajiba
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Emanuel Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Alexandre Puissant
- Université de Paris, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Kris C Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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7
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Pardieu B, Pasanisi J, Ling F, Dal Bello R, Penneroux J, Su A, Joudinaud R, Chat L, Wu HC, Duchmann M, Sodaro G, Chauvel C, Castelli FA, Vasseur L, Pacchiardi K, Belloucif Y, Laiguillon MC, Meduri E, Vaganay C, Alexe G, Berrou J, Benaksas C, Forget A, Braun T, Gardin C, Raffoux E, Clappier E, Adès L, de Thé H, Fenaille F, Huntly BJ, Stegmaier K, Dombret H, Fenouille N, Lobry C, Puissant A, Itzykson R. Cystine uptake inhibition potentiates front-line therapies in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2022; 36:1585-1595. [PMID: 35474100 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
By querying metabolic pathways associated with leukemic stemness and survival in multiple AML datasets, we nominated SLC7A11 encoding the xCT cystine importer as a putative AML dependency. Genetic and chemical inhibition of SLC7A11 impaired the viability and clonogenic capacity of AML cell lines in a cysteine-dependent manner. Sulfasalazine, a broadly available drug with xCT inhibitory activity, had anti-leukemic activity against primary AML samples in ex vivo cultures. Multiple metabolic pathways were impacted upon xCT inhibition, resulting in depletion of glutathione pools in leukemic cells and oxidative stress-dependent cell death, only in part through ferroptosis. Higher expression of cysteine metabolism genes and greater cystine dependency was noted in NPM1-mutated AMLs. Among eight anti-leukemic drugs, the anthracycline daunorubicin was identified as the top synergistic agent in combination with sulfasalazine in vitro. Addition of sulfasalazine at a clinically relevant concentration significantly augmented the anti-leukemic activity of a daunorubicin-cytarabine combination in a panel of 45 primary samples enriched in NPM1-mutated AML. These results were confirmed in vivo in a patient-derived xenograft model. Collectively, our results nominate cystine import as a druggable target in AML and raise the possibility to repurpose sulfasalazine for the treatment of AML, notably in combination with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryann Pardieu
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Justine Pasanisi
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Frank Ling
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Reinaldo Dal Bello
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
- Département Hématologie et Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Justine Penneroux
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Angela Su
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Romane Joudinaud
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Laureen Chat
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Hsin Chieh Wu
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
- Collège de France, Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, PSL University, INSERM UMR1050, CNRS UMR, 7241, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Duchmann
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Gaetano Sodaro
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Chauvel
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Florence A Castelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Loic Vasseur
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Kim Pacchiardi
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Yannis Belloucif
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Charlotte Laiguillon
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Eshwar Meduri
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Camille Vaganay
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Gabriela Alexe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeannig Berrou
- Université Paris Cité, Leukemia Transfer Lab, EA 3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Chaima Benaksas
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Forget
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Université Paris Cité, Leukemia Transfer Lab, EA 3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Claude Gardin
- Université Paris Cité, Leukemia Transfer Lab, EA 3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Raffoux
- Département Hématologie et Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Clappier
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Adès
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
- Département Hématologie et Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
- Collège de France, Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, PSL University, INSERM UMR1050, CNRS UMR, 7241, Paris, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Brian J Huntly
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Département Hématologie et Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75010, Paris, France
- The Broad Institute of Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nina Fenouille
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Camille Lobry
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Puissant
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Itzykson
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France.
- Département Hématologie et Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75010, Paris, France.
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8
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Zhang F, Wang D, Li J, Su Y, Liu S, Lei QY, Yin M. Deacetylation of MTHFD2 by SIRT4 senses stress signal to inhibit cancer cell growth by remodeling folate metabolism. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6555451. [PMID: 35349697 PMCID: PMC9335224 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate metabolism plays an essential role in tumor development. Various cancers display therapeutic response to reagents targeting key enzymes of the folate cycle, but obtain chemoresistance later. Therefore, novel targets in folate metabolism are highly demanded. Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/methylenetetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase 2 (MTHFD2) is one of the key enzymes in folate metabolism and its expression is highly increased in multiple human cancers. However, the underlying mechanism that regulates MTHFD2 expression remains unknown. Here, we elucidate that SIRT4 deacetylates the conserved lysine 50 (K50) residue in MTHFD2. K50 deacetylation destabilizes MTHFD2 by elevating cullin 3 E3 ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation in response to stressful stimuli of folate deprivation, leading to suppression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate production in tumor cells and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which in turn inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells. Collectively, our study reveals that SIRT4 senses folate availability to control MTHFD2 K50 acetylation and its protein stability, bridging nutrient/folate stress and cellular redox to act on cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Di Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jintao Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Su
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miao Yin
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Wang G, Han JJ. Connections between metabolism and epigenetic modifications in cancer. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2021; 1:199-221. [PMID: 37724300 PMCID: PMC10388788 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
How cells sense and respond to environmental changes is still a key question. It has been identified that cellular metabolism is an important modifier of various epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation and RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation. This closely links the environmental nutrient availability to the maintenance of chromatin structure and gene expression, and is crucial to regulate cellular homeostasis, cell growth and differentiation. Cancer metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic alterations are widely observed, and facilitate cancer development and progression. In cancer cells, oncogenic signaling-driven metabolic reprogramming modifies the epigenetic landscape via changes in the key metabolite levels. In this review, we briefly summarized the current evidence that the abundance of key metabolites, such as S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), acetyl-CoA, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and lactate, affected by metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in dynamically regulating epigenetic modifications in cancer. An improved understanding of the roles of metabolic reprogramming in epigenetic regulation can contribute to uncover the underlying mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming in cancer development and identify the potential targets for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Wang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong J. Han
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
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10
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Dembitz V, Gallipoli P. The Role of Metabolism in the Development of Personalized Therapies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:665291. [PMID: 34094959 PMCID: PMC8170311 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.665291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant recent advances in our understanding of the biology and genetics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), current AML therapies are mostly based on a backbone of standard chemotherapy which has remained mostly unchanged for over 20 years. Several novel therapies, mostly targeting neomorphic/activating recurrent mutations found in AML patients, have only recently been approved following encouraging results, thus providing the first evidence of a more precise and personalized approach to AML therapy. Rewired metabolism has been described as a hallmark of cancer and substantial evidence of its role in AML establishment and maintenance has been recently accrued in preclinical models. Interestingly, unique metabolic changes are generated by specific AML recurrent mutations or in response to diverse AML therapies, thus creating actionable metabolic vulnerabilities in specific patient groups. In this review we will discuss the current evidence supporting a role for rewired metabolism in AML pathogenesis and how these metabolic changes can be leveraged to develop novel personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Gallipoli
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Marando L, Huntly BJP. BETs Need Greens: Folate Deficiency and Resistance to MYC-Targeted Therapies. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1791-1793. [PMID: 33262182 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, small-molecule inhibitors of general transcriptional regulators such as BET proteins and the RNA-PolII-regulating kinase CDK7 have been shown to have efficacy in multiple solid and liquid tumors. An article in this issue of Cancer Discovery identifies a nongenetic mechanism of resistance related to deficiency of folate that leads, via increased S-adenosylhomocysteine and reduced repressive histone methylation, to reactivation of a transcriptional program which promotes AML cell survival under the pressure of BET inhibition.See related article by Su et al., p. 1894.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Marando
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J P Huntly
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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