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Lemmens M, Dorsheimer L, Zeller A, Dietz-Baum Y. Non-clinical safety assessment of novel drug modalities: Genome safety perspectives on viral-, nuclease- and nucleotide-based gene therapies. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 896:503767. [PMID: 38821669 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapies have emerged as promising treatments for various conditions including inherited diseases as well as cancer. Ensuring their safe clinical application requires the development of appropriate safety testing strategies. Several guidelines have been provided by health authorities to address these concerns. These guidelines state that non-clinical testing should be carried out on a case-by-case basis depending on the modality. This review focuses on the genome safety assessment of frequently used gene therapy modalities, namely Adeno Associated Viruses (AAVs), Lentiviruses, designer nucleases and mRNAs. Important safety considerations for these modalities, amongst others, are vector integrations into the patient genome (insertional mutagenesis) and off-target editing. Taking into account the constraints of in vivo studies, health authorities endorse the development of novel approach methodologies (NAMs), which are innovative in vitro strategies for genotoxicity testing. This review provides an overview of NAMs applied to viral and CRISPR/Cas9 safety, including next generation sequencing-based methods for integration site analysis and off-target editing. Additionally, NAMs to evaluate the oncogenicity risk arising from unwanted genomic modifications are discussed. Thus, a range of promising techniques are available to support the safe development of gene therapies. Thorough validation, comparisons and correlations with clinical outcomes are essential to identify the most reliable safety testing strategies. By providing a comprehensive overview of these NAMs, this review aims to contribute to a better understanding of the genome safety perspectives of gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Dorsheimer
- Research and Development, Preclinical Safety, Sanofi, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main 65926, Germany.
| | - Andreas Zeller
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, pRED Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Dietz-Baum
- Research and Development, Preclinical Safety, Sanofi, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main 65926, Germany
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Ma L, Chen C, Zhao C, Li T, Ma L, Jiang J, Duan Z, Si Q, Chuang TH, Xiang R, Luo Y. Targeting carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) induces ferroptosis and synergizes with immunotherapy in lung cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:64. [PMID: 38453925 PMCID: PMC10920667 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the successful application of immune checkpoint therapy, no response or recurrence is typical in lung cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as a crucial player in immunotherapy-related resistance. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, is highly regulated by cellular metabolism remolding and has been shown to have synergistic effects when combined with immunotherapy. Metabolic adaption of CSCs drives tumor resistance, yet the mechanisms of their ferroptosis defense in tumor immune evasion remain elusive. Here, through metabolomics, transcriptomics, a lung epithelial-specific Cpt1a-knockout mouse model, and clinical analysis, we demonstrate that CPT1A, a key rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation, acts with L-carnitine, derived from tumor-associated macrophages to drive ferroptosis-resistance and CD8+ T cells inactivation in lung cancer. Mechanistically, CPT1A restrains ubiquitination and degradation of c-Myc, while c-Myc transcriptionally activates CPT1A expression. The CPT1A/c-Myc positive feedback loop further enhances the cellular antioxidant capacity by activating the NRF2/GPX4 system and reduces the amount of phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids through ACSL4 downregulating, thereby suppressing ferroptosis in CSCs. Significantly, targeting CPT1A enhances immune checkpoint blockade-induced anti-tumor immunity and tumoral ferroptosis in tumor-bearing mice. The results illustrate the potential of a mechanism-guided therapeutic strategy by targeting a metabolic vulnerability in the ferroptosis of CSCs to improve the efficacy of lung cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Chunxing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lingyu Ma
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiayu Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhaojun Duan
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qin Si
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yunping Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Nagaoka K, Bai X, Liu D, Cao K, Mulla J, Ji C, Chen H, Nisar MA, Bay A, Mueller W, Hildebrand G, Gao JS, Lu S, Setoyama H, Tanaka Y, Wands JR, Huang CK. Elevated 2-oxoglutarate antagonizes DNA damage responses in cholangiocarcinoma chemotherapy through regulating aspartate beta-hydroxylase. Cancer Lett 2024; 580:216493. [PMID: 37977350 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is resistant to systemic chemotherapies that kill malignant cells mainly through DNA damage responses (DDRs). Recent studies suggest that the involvement of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent dioxygenases in DDRs may be associated with chemoresistance in malignancy, but how 2-OG impacts DDRs in CCA chemotherapy remains elusive. We examined serum 2-OG levels in CCA patients before receiving chemotherapy. CCA patients are classified as progressive disease (PD), partial response (PR), and stable disease (SD) after receiving chemotherapy. CCA patients classified as PD showed significantly higher serum 2-OG levels than those defined as SD and PR. Treating CCA cells with 2-OG reduced DDRs. Overexpression of full-length aspartate beta-hydroxylase (ASPH) could mimic the effects of 2-OG on DDRs, suggesting the important role of ASPH in chemoresistance. Indeed, the knockdown of ASPH improved chemotherapy in CCA cells. Targeting ASPH with a specific small molecule inhibitor also enhanced the effects of chemotherapy. Mechanistically, ASPH modulates DDRs by affecting ATM and ATR, two of the major regulators finely controlling DDRs. More importantly, targeting ASPH improved the therapeutic potential of chemotherapy in two preclinical CCA models. Our data suggested the impacts of elevated 2-OG and ASPH on chemoresistance through antagonizing DDRs. Targeting ASPH may enhance DDRs, improving chemotherapy in CCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Nagaoka
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Xuewei Bai
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kevin Cao
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joud Mulla
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chengcheng Ji
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hongze Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Muhammad Azhar Nisar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amalia Bay
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William Mueller
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Grace Hildebrand
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jin-Song Gao
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shaolei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Hiroko Setoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jack R Wands
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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4
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Ohara Y, Tang W, Liu H, Yang S, Dorsey TH, Cawley H, Moreno P, Chari R, Guest MR, Azizian A, Gaedcke J, Ghadimi M, Hanna N, Ambs S, Hussain SP. SERPINB3-MYC axis induces the basal-like/squamous subtype and enhances disease progression in pancreatic cancer. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113434. [PMID: 37980563 PMCID: PMC10842852 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits distinct molecular subtypes: classical/progenitor and basal-like/squamous. Our study aimed to identify genes contributing to the development of the basal-like/squamous subtype, known for its aggressiveness. Transcriptome analyses revealed consistent upregulation of SERPINB3 in basal-like/squamous PDAC, correlating with reduced patient survival. SERPINB3 transgene expression in PDAC cells enhanced in vitro invasion and promoted lung metastasis in a mouse PDAC xenograft model. Metabolome analyses unveiled a metabolic signature linked to both SERPINB3 and the basal-like/squamous subtype, characterized by heightened carnitine/acylcarnitine and amino acid metabolism, associated with poor prognosis in patients with PDAC and elevated cellular invasiveness. Further analysis uncovered that SERPINB3 inhibited the cysteine protease calpain, a key enzyme in the MYC degradation pathway, and drove basal-like/squamous subtype and associated metabolic reprogramming through MYC activation. Our findings indicate that the SERPINB3-MYC axis induces the basal-like/squamous subtype, proposing SERPINB3 as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Ohara
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Data Science & Artificial Intelligence, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Huaitian Liu
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shouhui Yang
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tiffany H Dorsey
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Helen Cawley
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paloma Moreno
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Mary R Guest
- Genome Modification Core, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Azadeh Azizian
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Moltkestraße 90, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Moltkestraße 90, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nader Hanna
- Division of General & Oncologic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S Perwez Hussain
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Wu L, Chen J. Type 3 IP3 receptor: Its structure, functions, and related disease implications. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2267416. [PMID: 37818548 PMCID: PMC10569359 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2267416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-fate decisions depend on the precise and strict regulation of multiple signaling molecules and transcription factors, especially intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and dynamics. Type 3 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R3) is an a tetrameric channel that can mediate the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in response to extracellular stimuli. The gating of IP3R3 is regulated not only by ligands but also by other interacting proteins. To date, extensive research conducted on the basic structure of IP3R3, as well as its regulation by ligands and interacting proteins, has provided novel perspectives on its biological functions and pathogenic mechanisms. This review aims to discuss recent advancements in the study of IP3R3 and provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant literature pertaining to its structure, biological functions, and pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvying Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Lin G, Wang Y, Deng L, Ye T. Prognostic effect of lncRNA BBOX1-AS1 in malignancies: a meta-analysis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1234040. [PMID: 37636267 PMCID: PMC10453800 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1234040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: With the increasing number of new cancer cases and mortality rates, cancer has become a serious global health problem, but there are no ideal cancer biomarkers for effective diagnosis. Currently, mounting evidence demonstrates that lncRNAs play a fundamental role in cancer progression. BBOX1 anti-sense RNA 1 (BBOX1-AS1) is a recently clarified lncRNA and has been identified as dysregulated in various carcinomas, and it contributes to poor survival in cancer patients. Methods: We thoroughly searched six databases for eligible articles published as of 27, April 2023. The association of BBOX1-AS1 expression levels with prognostic and clinicopathological parameters was assessed by odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios with 95% CIs. Additionally, we further validated our results utilizing the GEPIA online database. Results: Eight studies comprising 602 patients were included in this analysis. High BBOX1-AS1 expression indicated poor overall survival (OS) (hazard ratios = 2.30, 95% Cl [1.99, 2.67], p < 0.00001) when compared with low BBOX1-AS1 expression. Furthermore, BBOX1-AS1 expression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 3.00, 95% CI [1.71-5.28], p = 0.0001) and advanced tumor stage (OR = 3.74, 95% CI [2.63-5.32], p < 0.00001) for cancer patients. Moreover, BBOX1-AS1 was remarkably upregulated in 12 malignancies, and the elevated BBOX1-AS1 expression predicted poorer OS and worse disease-free survival (DFS) confirmed through the GEPIA online gene analysis tool. Conclusion: The findings highlight that BBOX1-AS1 was significantly associated with detrimental overall survival, disease-free survival, lymph node metastasis and tumor stage; thus, it could act as a novel promising biomarker to predict the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhou Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Song R, Guo P, Ren X, Zhou L, Li P, Rahman NA, Wołczyński S, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu M, Liu J, Li X. A novel polypeptide CAPG-171aa encoded by circCAPG plays a critical role in triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:104. [PMID: 37408008 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has always been challenging due to its heterogeneity and the absence of well-defined molecular targets. The present study aims to elucidate the role of protein-coding circRNAs in the etiology and carcinogenesis of TNBC. METHODS CircRNA expression data in TNBC (GEO: GSE113230, GSE101123) were reanalyzed and then circCAPG was selected for further study. To identify the polypeptide-coding function of circCAPG, a series of experiments, such as Mass spectrometry and dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis parameters were determined to investigate the cancerous functions CAPG-171aa plays in both TNBC organoids and nude mice. Mechanistically, the relation between CAPG-171aa and STK38 in TNBC was verified by immunoprecipitation analyses and mass spectrometry. The interactions between SLU7 and its binding site on circCAPG were validated by RIP-qPCR experiments. RESULTS In both TNBC clinical samples and cell lines, the expression level of circCAPG was identified to be higher compared with normal ones and positively correlated with the overall survival (n = 132) in a 10-year follow-up study, in which the area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic was 0.8723 with 100% specificity and 80% sensitivity. In addition, we found that circCAPG knockdown (KD) significantly inhibited the growth of TNBC organoids. Intriguingly, circCAPG can be translated into a polypeptide named CAPG-171aa which promotes tumor growh by disrupting the binding of serine/threonine kinase 38 (STK38) to SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (SMURF1) and thereby preventing MEKK2 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, we found that SLU7 Homolog- Splicing Factor (SLU7) can regulate the bio-generation of circCAPG through binding to the flanking Alu sequences of circRNA transcripts. CONCLUSIONS circCAPG significantly enhances the proliferation and metastasis of TNBC cells by encoding a novel polypeptide CAPG-171aa and afterwards activates MEKK2-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. Additionally, the formation of circCAPG is found to be mediated by SLU7. The present study provides innovative insight into the role of protein-coding circRNAs CAPG-171aa in TNBC, and its capacity to serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peilan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nafis A Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wołczyński
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Xiru Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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8
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Zheng S, Wang X, Zhao D, Liu H, Hu Y. Calcium homeostasis and cancer: insights from endoplasmic reticulum-centered organelle communications. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:312-323. [PMID: 35915027 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous and versatile signaling molecule controlling a wide variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation, cell death, migration, and immune response, all fundamental processes essential for the establishment of cancer. In recent decades, the loss of Ca2+ homeostasis has been considered an important driving force in the initiation and progression of malignant diseases. The primary intracellular Ca2+ store, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plays an essential role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis by coordinating with other organelles and the plasma membrane. Here, we discuss the dysregulation of ER-centered Ca2+ homeostasis in cancer, summarize Ca2+-based anticancer therapeutics, and highlight the significance of furthering our understanding of Ca2+ homeostasis regulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanliang Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China.
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Kim KS, Moon KM, Min KW, Jung WY, Shin SJ, Lee SW, Kwon MJ, Kim DH, Oh S, Noh YK. Low gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBOX1) expression as a prognostic biomarker in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a machine learning approach. J Pathol Clin Res 2023; 9:236-248. [PMID: 36864013 PMCID: PMC10073934 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBOX1) is a catalyst for the conversion of gamma-butyrobetaine to l-carnitine, which is detected in normal renal tubules. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prognosis, immune response, and genetic alterations associated with low BBOX1 expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We analyzed the relative influence of BBOX1 on survival using machine learning and investigated drugs that can inhibit renal cancer cells with low BBOX1 expression. We analyzed clinicopathologic factors, survival rates, immune profiles, and gene sets according to BBOX1 expression in a total of 857 patients with kidney cancer from the Hanyang University Hospital cohort (247 cases) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (610 cases). We employed immunohistochemical staining, gene set enrichment analysis, in silico cytometry, pathway network analyses, in vitro drug screening, and gradient boosting machines. BBOX1 expression in RCC was decreased compared with that in normal tissues. Low BBOX1 expression was associated with poor prognosis, decreased CD8+ T cells, and increased neutrophils. In gene set enrichment analyses, low BBOX1 expression was related to gene sets with oncogenic activity and a weak immune response. In pathway network analysis, BBOX1 was linked to regulation of various T cells and programmed death-ligand 1. In vitro drug screening showed that midostaurin, BAY-61-3606, GSK690693, and linifanib inhibited the growth of RCC cells with low BBOX1 expression. Low BBOX1 expression in patients with RCC is related to short survival time and reduced CD8+ T cells; midostaurin, among other drugs, may have enhanced therapeutic effects in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Shik Kim
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Moon
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Yong Jung
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Lee
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjoong Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Kyun Noh
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Liao C, Liu X, Zhang C, Zhang Q. Tumor hypoxia: From basic knowledge to therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:172-186. [PMID: 36603793 PMCID: PMC9929926 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diminished oxygen availability, termed hypoxia, within solid tumors is one of the most common characteristics of cancer. Hypoxia shapes the landscape of the tumor microenvironment (TME) into a pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic niche through arrays of pathological alterations such as abnormal vasculature, altered metabolism, immune-suppressive phenotype, etc. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that limited efficacy or the development of resistance towards antitumor therapy may be largely due to the hypoxic TME. This review will focus on summarizing the knowledge about the molecular machinery that mediates the hypoxic cellular responses and adaptations, as well as highlighting the effects and consequences of hypoxia, especially for angiogenesis regulation, cellular metabolism alteration, and immunosuppressive response within the TME. We also outline the current advances in novel therapeutic implications through targeting hypoxia in TME. A deep understanding of the basics and the role of hypoxia in the tumor will help develop better therapeutic avenues in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengheng Liao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xijuan Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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11
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Zhu Z, Zhou X, Du H, Cloer EW, Zhang J, Mei L, Wang Y, Tan X, Hepperla AJ, Simon JM, Cook JG, Major MB, Dotti G, Liu P. STING Suppresses Mitochondrial VDAC2 to Govern RCC Growth Independent of Innate Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203718. [PMID: 36445063 PMCID: PMC9875608 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
STING is an innate immune sensor for immune surveillance of viral/bacterial infection and maintenance of an immune-friendly microenvironment to prevent tumorigenesis. However, if and how STING exerts innate immunity-independent function remains elusive. Here, the authors report that STING expression is increased in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients and governs tumor growth through non-canonical innate immune signaling involving mitochondrial ROS maintenance and calcium homeostasis. Mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel VDAC2 is identified as a new STING binding partner. STING depletion potentiates VDAC2/GRP75-mediated MERC (mitochondria-ER contact) formation to increase mitochondrial ROS/calcium levels, impairs mitochondria function, and suppresses mTORC1/S6K signaling leading to RCC growth retardation. STING interaction with VDAC2 occurs through STING-C88/C91 palmitoylation and inhibiting STING palmitoyl-transferases ZDHHCs by 2-BP significantly impedes RCC cell growth alone or in combination with sorafenib. Together, these studies reveal an innate immunity-independent function of STING in regulating mitochondrial function and growth in RCC, providing a rationale to target the STING/VDAC2 interaction in treating RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichuan Zhu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Hongwei Du
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Erica W. Cloer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Department of Oral MedicineInfection and ImmunityHarvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMA02115USA
| | - Liu Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Xianming Tan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
- Department of BiostatisticsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Austin J. Hepperla
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental DisabilitiesThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
- UNC Neuroscience CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Jeremy M. Simon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental DisabilitiesThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
- UNC Neuroscience CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
- Department of GeneticsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Michael B. Major
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyDepartment of OtolaryngologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63130USA
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
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12
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Yan C, Gao R, Gao C, Hong K, Cheng M, Liu X, Zhang Q, Zhang J. FDXR drives primary and endocrine-resistant tumor cell growth in ER+ breast cancer via CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1105117. [PMID: 37207154 PMCID: PMC10189134 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of breast cancers (BCs) expressing estrogen receptor (ER) have shown endocrine resistance. Our previous study demonstrated that ferredoxin reductase (FDXR) promoted mitochondrial function and ER+ breast tumorigenesis. But the underlying mechanism is not clear. Methods Liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based metabolite profiling was utilized to reveal the metabolites regulated by FDXR. RNA microarray was utilized to determine the potential downstream targets of FDXR. Seahorse XF24 analyzer was performed to analyze the FAO-mediated oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Q-PCR and western blotting assays were used to measure expression levels of FDXR and CPT1A. MTS, 2D colony formation and anchorage-independent growth assays were used to evaluate the effects of FDXR or drug treatments on tumor cell growth of primary or endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. Results We found that depletion of FDXR inhibited fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by suppressing CPT1A expression. Endocrine treatment increased the expression levels of both FDXR and CPT1A. Further, we showed that depletion of FDXR or FAO inhibitor etomoxir treatment reduced primary and endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell growth. Therapeutically, combining endocrine therapy with FAO inhibitor etomoxir synergistically inhibits primary and endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell growth. Discussion We reveal that the FDXR-CPT1A-FAO signaling axis is essential for primary and endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell growth, thus providing a potential combinatory therapy against endocrine resistance in ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun Yan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ronghui Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhang, ; Qing Zhang,
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhang, ; Qing Zhang,
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13
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Dong Y, Zhao Z, Simayi M, Chen C, Xu Z, Lv D, Tang B. Transcriptome profiles of fatty acid metabolism-related genes and immune infiltrates identify hot tumors for immunotherapy in cutaneous melanoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:860067. [PMID: 36199579 PMCID: PMC9527329 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.860067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors usually has a low response rate in some cutaneous melanoma (CM) cases due to its cold nature. Hence, identification of hot tumors is important to improve the immunotherapeutic efficacy and prognoses of CMs. Methods: Fatty acid (FA) metabolism-related genes were extracted from the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and used in the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), copy number variation frequency, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and immune-related analyses, such as immunophenoscore (IPS). We generate a risk model and a nomogram for predicting patient prognoses and predicted the potential drugs for therapies using the Connectivity Map. Moreover, the NMF and the risk model were validated in a cohort of cases in the GSE65904 and GSE54467. At last, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used for further validation. Results: Based on the NMF of 11 FA metabolism-related DEGs, CM cases were stratified into two clusters. Cluster 2 cases had the characteristics of a hot tumor with higher immune infiltration levels, higher immune checkpoint (IC) molecules expression levels, higher TMB, and more sensitivity to immunotherapy and more potential immunotherapeutic drugs and were identified as hot tumors for immunotherapy. The risk model and nomogram displayed excellent predictor values. In addition, there were more small potential molecule drugs for therapies of CM patients, such as ambroxol. In immunohistochemistry (IHC), we could find that expression of PLA2G2D, ACOXL, and KMO was upregulated in CM tissues, while the expression of IL4I1, BBOX1, and CIDEA was reversed or not detected. Conclusion: The transcriptome profiles of FA metabolism-related genes were effective for distinguishing CM into hot–cold tumors. Our findings may be valuable for development of effective immunotherapy for CM patients and for proposing new therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxian Dong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zirui Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Maijimi Simayi
- Department of General Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Kashgar, Kashgar, China
| | - Chufen Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongye Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongming Lv
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Tang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Tang,
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14
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Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by the loss of tumor suppressor Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) function. VHL is the component of an E3 ligase complex that promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of hypoxia inducible factor α (HIF-α) (including HIF1α and HIF2α) and Zinc Fingers And Homeoboxes 2 (ZHX2). Our recent research showed that ZHX2 contributed to ccRCC tumorigenesis in a HIF-independent manner. However, it is still unknown whether ZHX2 could be modified through deubiquitination even in the absence of pVHL. Here, we performed a deubiquitinase (DUB) complementary DNA (cDNA) library binding screen and identified USP13 as a DUB that bound ZHX2 and promoted ZHX2 deubiquitination. As a result, USP13 promoted ZHX2 protein stability in an enzymatically dependent manner, and depletion of USP13 led to ZHX2 down-regulation in ccRCC. Functionally, USP13 depletion led to decreased cell proliferation measured by two-dimensional (2D) colony formation and three-dimensional (3D) anchorage-independent growth. Furthermore, USP13 was essential for ccRCC tumor growth in vivo, and the effect was partially mediated by its regulation on ZHX2. Our findings support that USP13 may be a key effector in ccRCC tumorigenesis.
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15
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Nam SE, Ko YS, Park KS, Jin T, Yoo YB, Yang JH, Kim WY, Han HS, Lim SD, Lee SE, Kim WS. Overexpression of FRAT1 protein is closely related to triple-negative breast cancer. Ann Surg Treat Res 2022; 103:63-71. [PMID: 36017142 PMCID: PMC9365638 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2022.103.2.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis and a lack of targeted therapy. Overexpression of FRAT1 is thought to be associated with this aggressive subtype of cancer. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis and assessed the association between overexpression of FRAT1 and TNBC. Methods First, using different web-based bioinformatics platforms (TIMER 2.0, UALCAN, and GEPIA 2), the expression of FRAT1 was assessed. Then, the expression of the FRAT1 protein and hormone receptors and HER2 status were assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. For samples of tumors with equivocal immunoreactivity, we performed silver in situ hybridization of the HER2 gene to determine an accurate HER2 status. Next, we used the R package and bc-GenExMiner 4.8 to analyze the relationship between FRAT1 expression and clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer patients. Finally, we determined the relationship between FRAT1 overexpression and prognosis in patients. Results The expression of FRAT1 in breast cancer tissues is significantly higher than in normal tissue. FRAT1 expression was significantly related to worse overall survival (P < 0.05) and was correlated with these clinicopathological features: T stage, N stage, age, high histologic grade, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, Her-2 status, TNBC status, basal-like status, CK5/6 status, and Ki67 status. Conclusion FRAT1 was overexpressed in breast cancer compared to normal tissue, and it may be involved in the progression of breast cancer malignancy. This study provides suggestive evidence of the prognostic role of FRAT1 in breast cancer and the therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Nam
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Sin Ko
- Pathology Center, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Sik Park
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - TongYi Jin
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Bum Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Yang
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook-Youn Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Seung Han
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Dug Lim
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wan-Seop Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Analysis of Genomic Alterations Associated with Recurrence in Early Stage HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153650. [PMID: 35954313 PMCID: PMC9367395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare gene expression in primary tumors of patients with recurrence and nonrecurrence to gain insight into the biology of high-risk HER2-positive early breast cancer. Patients who underwent curative resection and received adjuvant trastuzumab for HER2-positive early breast cancer were evaluated. Gene expression analyses were performed using NanoString Technologies’ nCounter Breast Cancer 360 Panel. PAM50 intrinsic subtypes and Breast Cancer Signatures including tumor inflammation signature (TIS) were evaluated. Of 247 patients, 28 (11.3%) had recurrence at a median follow-up of 54.2 months. Patients with pathological stage III, tumor size > 5 cm, axillary lymph node metastases, and hormone receptor-negativity were more frequently observed in the recurrent group compared with the nonrecurrent group. In patients with recurrence, seven genes were upregulated significantly, including WNT11, HAPLN1, FGF10, BBOX1, CXADR, NDP, and EREG, and two genes were downregulated, including CXCL9 and GNLY. TIS score was significantly lower in patients with recurrence compared with controls without recurrence. These findings suggest that activation of oncogenic signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, adhesion, cancer stemness, and noninflamed tumor microenvironment are associated with the risk of recurrence in early stage, HER2-positive breast cancer.
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17
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Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Zhao W, Lu Y, Liu C, Lin W, Zhang Y, Chen K, Wang H, Zhao L. CRIP1 suppresses BBOX1-mediated carnitine metabolism to promote stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110218. [PMID: 35775648 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnitine metabolism is thought to be negatively correlated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the specific molecular mechanism is yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we report that little characterized cysteine-rich protein 1 (CRIP1) is upregulated in HCC and associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, CRIP1 promoted HCC cancer stem-like properties by downregulating carnitine energy metabolism. Mechanistically, CRIP1 interacted with BBOX1 and the E3 ligase STUB1, promoting BBOX1 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, and leading to the downregulation of carnitine. BBOX1 ubiquitination at lysine 240 is required for CRIP1-mediated control of carnitine metabolism and cancer stem-like properties. Further, our data showed that acetylcarnitine downregulation in CRIP1-overexpressing cells decreased beta-catenin acetylation and promoted nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin, thus facilitating cancer stem-like properties. Clinically, patients with higher CRIP1 protein levels had lower BBOX1 levels but higher nuclear beta-catenin levels in HCC tissues. Together, our findings identify CRIP1 as novel upstream control factor for carnitine metabolism and cancer stem-like properties, suggesting targeting of the CRIP1/BBOX1/β-catenin axis as a promising strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yishi Lu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wandie Lin
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunling Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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New Achievements for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) constitutes a heterogeneous group of malignancies that are often aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis. The development of new TNBC treatment strategies has become an urgent clinical need. Diagnosis and subtyping of TNBC are essential to establish alternative treatments and targeted therapies for every TNBC patient. Chemotherapy, particularly with anthracycline and taxanes, remains the backbone for medical management for both early and metastatic TNBC. More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy have revolutionized cancer treatment. Included in the different strategies studied for TNBC treatment is drug repurposing. Despite the numerous medications available, numerous studies in medicinal chemistry are still aimed at the synthesis of new compounds in order to find new antiproliferative agents capable of treating TNBC. Additionally, some supplemental micronutrients, nutraceuticals and functional foods can potentially reduce the risk of developing cancer or can retard the rate of growth and metastases of established malignant diseases. Finally, nanotechnology in medicine, termed nanomedicines, introduces nanoparticles of variable chemistry and architecture for cancer treatment. This review highlights the most recent studies in search of new therapies for the treatment of TNBC, along with nutraceuticals and repositioning of drugs.
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19
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Xie X, Lee J, Iwase T, Kai M, Ueno NT. Emerging drug targets for triple-negative breast cancer: A guided tour of the preclinical landscape. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:405-425. [PMID: 35574694 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2077188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most fatal molecular subtype of breast cancer because of its aggressiveness and resistance to chemotherapy. FDA-approved therapies for TNBC are limited to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and trophoblast cell surface antigen 2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate. Therefore, developing a novel effective targeted therapy for TNBC is an urgent unmet need. AREAS COVERED In this narrative review, we discuss emerging targets for TNBC treatment discovered in early translational studies. We focus on cancer cell membrane molecules, hyperactive intracellular signaling pathways, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) based on their druggability, therapeutic potency, specificity to TNBC, and application in immunotherapy. EXPERT OPINION The significant challenges in the identification and validation of TNBC-associated targets are 1) application of appropriate genetic, molecular, and immunological approaches for modulating the target, 2) establishment of a proper mouse model that accurately represents the human immune TME, 3) TNBC molecular heterogeneity, and 4) failure translation of preclinical findings to clinical practice. To overcome those difficulties, future research needs to apply novel technology, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase sequencing, and humanized mouse models. Further, combination treatment targeting multiple pathways in both the TNBC tumor and its TME is essential for effective disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Xie
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jangsoon Lee
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Toshiaki Iwase
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Megumi Kai
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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20
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Saunus JM, De Luca XM, Northwood K, Raghavendra A, Hasson A, McCart Reed AE, Lim M, Lal S, Vargas AC, Kutasovic JR, Dalley AJ, Miranda M, Kalaw E, Kalita-de Croft P, Gresshoff I, Al-Ejeh F, Gee JMW, Ormandy C, Khanna KK, Beesley J, Chenevix-Trench G, Green AR, Rakha EA, Ellis IO, Nicolau DV, Simpson PT, Lakhani SR. Epigenome erosion and SOX10 drive neural crest phenotypic mimicry in triple-negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:57. [PMID: 35501337 PMCID: PMC9061835 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity is caused by genomic instability and phenotypic plasticity, but how these features co-evolve remains unclear. SOX10 is a neural crest stem cell (NCSC) specifier and candidate mediator of phenotypic plasticity in cancer. We investigated its relevance in breast cancer by immunophenotyping 21 normal breast and 1860 tumour samples. Nuclear SOX10 was detected in normal mammary luminal progenitor cells, the histogenic origin of most TNBCs. In tumours, nuclear SOX10 was almost exclusive to TNBC, and predicted poorer outcome amongst cross-sectional (p = 0.0015, hazard ratio 2.02, n = 224) and metaplastic (p = 0.04, n = 66) cases. To understand SOX10’s influence over the transcriptome during the transition from normal to malignant states, we performed a systems-level analysis of co-expression data, de-noising the networks with an eigen-decomposition method. This identified a core module in SOX10’s normal mammary epithelial network that becomes rewired to NCSC genes in TNBC. Crucially, this reprogramming was proportional to genome-wide promoter methylation loss, particularly at lineage-specifying CpG-island shores. We propose that the progressive, genome-wide methylation loss in TNBC simulates more primitive epigenome architecture, making cells vulnerable to SOX10-driven reprogramming. This study demonstrates potential utility for SOX10 as a prognostic biomarker in TNBC and provides new insights about developmental phenotypic mimicry—a major contributor to intratumoral heterogeneity.
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21
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Thalor A, Kumar Joon H, Singh G, Roy S, Gupta D. Machine learning assisted analysis of breast cancer gene expression profiles reveals novel potential prognostic biomarkers for triple-negative breast cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1618-1631. [PMID: 35465161 PMCID: PMC9014315 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity and the unclear metastasis mechanisms are the leading cause for the unavailability of effective targeted therapy for Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a breast cancer (BrCa) subtype characterized by high mortality and high frequency of distant metastasis cases. The identification of prognostic biomarker can improve prognosis and personalized treatment regimes. Herein, we collected gene expression datasets representing TNBC and Non-TNBC BrCa. From the complete dataset, a subset reflecting solely known cancer driver genes was also constructed. Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) was employed to identify top 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 gene signatures that differentiate TNBC from the other BrCa subtypes. Five machine learning algorithms were employed on these selected features and on the basis of model performance evaluation, it was found that for the complete and driver dataset, XGBoost performs the best for a subset of 25 and 20 genes, respectively. Out of these 45 genes from the two datasets, 34 genes were found to be differentially regulated. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis for Distant Metastasis Free Survival (DMFS) of these 34 differentially regulated genes revealed four genes, out of which two are novel that could be potential prognostic genes (POU2AF1 and S100B). Finally, interactome and pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to investigate the functional role of the identified potential prognostic genes in TNBC. These genes are associated with MAPK, PI3-AkT, Wnt, TGF-β, and other signal transduction pathways, pivotal in metastasis cascade. These gene signatures can provide novel molecular-level insights into metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Thalor
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Joon
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shikha Roy
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Corresponding author at: Translational Bioinformatics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India.
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22
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Liao C, Glodowski CR, Fan C, Liu J, Mott KR, Kaushik A, Vu H, Locasale JW, McBrayer SK, DeBerardinis RJ, Perou CM, Zhang Q. Integrated Metabolic Profiling and Transcriptional Analysis Reveals Therapeutic Modalities for Targeting Rapidly Proliferating Breast Cancers. Cancer Res 2022; 82:665-680. [PMID: 34911787 PMCID: PMC8857046 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation is a prominent feature in breast cancer, but it remains poorly characterized in patient tumors. In this study, untargeted metabolomics analysis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and patient with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer samples, as well as TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDX), revealed two major metabolic groups independent of breast cancer histologic subtypes: a "Nucleotide/Carbohydrate-Enriched" group and a "Lipid/Fatty Acid-Enriched" group. Cell lines grown in vivo more faithfully recapitulated the metabolic profiles of patient tumors compared with those grown in vitro. Integrated metabolic and gene expression analyses identified genes that strongly correlate with metabolic dysregulation and predict patient prognosis. As a proof of principle, targeting Nucleotide/Carbohydrate-Enriched TNBC cell lines or PDX xenografts with a pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitor or a glutaminase inhibitor led to therapeutic efficacy. In multiple in vivo models of TNBC, treatment with the pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitor conferred better therapeutic outcomes than chemotherapeutic agents. This study provides a metabolic stratification of breast tumor samples that can guide the selection of effective therapeutic strategies targeting breast cancer subsets. In addition, we have developed a public, interactive data visualization portal (http://brcametab.org) based on the data generated from this study to facilitate future research. SIGNIFICANCE A multiomics strategy that integrates metabolic and gene expression profiling in patient tumor samples and animal models identifies effective pharmacologic approaches to target rapidly proliferating breast tumor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengheng Liao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Cherise Ryan Glodowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Cheng Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin R. Mott
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Akash Kaushik
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hieu Vu
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jason W. Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Samuel K. McBrayer
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J. DeBerardinis
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Charles M. Perou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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23
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Xie Y, Wang M, Xia M, Guo Y, Zu X, Zhong J. Ubiquitination regulation of aerobic glycolysis in cancer. Life Sci 2022; 292:120322. [PMID: 35031261 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect, is regarded as a critical part of metabolic reprogramming and plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of tumours. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination, essential post-translational modifications, have attracted increasing attention with regards to the regulation of metabolic reprogramming in cancer. However, the mechanism of ubiquitination in glycolysis remains unclear. In this review, we discuss the roles of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in regulating glycolysis, and their involvement in regulating important signalling pathways, enzymes, and transcription factors. Focusing on potential mechanisms may provide novel strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xie
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Mu Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, the NanHua Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Min Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Yinping Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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24
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Fang W, Liao C, Shi R, Simon JM, Ptacek TS, Zurlo G, Ye Y, Han L, Fan C, Bao L, Ortiz CL, Lin HR, Manocha U, Luo W, Peng Y, Kim WY, Yang LW, Zhang Q. ZHX2 promotes HIF1α oncogenic signaling in triple-negative breast cancer. eLife 2021; 10:e70412. [PMID: 34779768 PMCID: PMC8673836 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly lethal disease, which warrants the critical need to identify new therapeutic targets. We show that Zinc Fingers and Homeoboxes 2 (ZHX2) is amplified or overexpressed in TNBC cell lines and patients. Functionally, depletion of ZHX2 inhibited TNBC cell growth and invasion in vitro, orthotopic tumor growth, and spontaneous lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, ZHX2 bound with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family members and positively regulated HIF1α activity in TNBC. Integrated ChIP-seq and gene expression profiling demonstrated that ZHX2 co-occupied with HIF1α on transcriptionally active promoters marked by H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, thereby promoting gene expression. Among the identified ZHX2 and HIF1α coregulated genes, overexpression of AP2B1, COX20, KDM3A, or PTGES3L could partially rescue TNBC cell growth defect by ZHX2 depletion, suggested that these downstream targets contribute to the oncogenic role of ZHX2 in an accumulative fashion. Furthermore, multiple residues (R491, R581, and R674) on ZHX2 are important in regulating its phenotype, which correspond with their roles on controlling ZHX2 transcriptional activity in TNBC cells. These studies establish that ZHX2 activates oncogenic HIF1α signaling, therefore serving as a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel hillUnited States
| | - Chengheng Liao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Rachel Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel hillUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Neuroscience Center; University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillUnited States
| | - Travis S Ptacek
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel hillUnited States
- UNC Neuroscience Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Giada Zurlo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical SchoolHoustonUnited States
| | - Cheng Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel hillUnited States
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Christopher Llynard Ortiz
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of ChemistryAcademia SinicaTaiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Hong-Rui Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Ujjawal Manocha
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel hillUnited States
| | - Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel hillUnited States
| | - Lee-Wei Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of ChemistryAcademia SinicaTaiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical SciencesHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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25
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Das A, Agarwal P, Jain GK, Aggarwal G, Lather V, Pandita D. Repurposing drugs as novel triple negative breast cancer therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:515-550. [PMID: 34674627 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211021143255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among all the types of breast cancer (BC), triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form having high metastasis and recurrence rate with limited treatment options. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have lots of toxic side effects and also no FDA approved therapies are available till now. Repurposing of old clinically approved drugs towards various targets of TNBC is the new approach with lesser side effects and also leads to successful inexpensive drug development with less time consuming. Medicinal plants containg various phytoconstituents (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, essential oils, tanins, glycosides, lactones) plays very crucial role in combating various types of diseases and used in drug development process because of having lesser side effects. OBJECTIVE The present review focuses in summarization of various categories of repurposed drugs against multitarget of TNBC and also summarizes the phytochemical categories that targets TNBC singly or in combination with synthetic old drugs. METHODS Literature information was collected from various databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Medline to understand and clarify the role and mechanism of repurposed synthetic drugs and phytoconstituents aginst TNBC by using keywords like "breast cancer", "repurposed drugs", "TNBC" and "phytoconstituents". RESULTS Various repurposed drugs and phytochemicals targeting different signaling pathways that exerts their cytotoxic activities on TNBC cells ultimately leads to apoptosis of cells and also lowers the recurrence rate and stops the metastasis process. CONCLUSION Inhibitory effects seen in different levels, which provides information and evidences to researchers towards drug developments process and thus further more investigations and researches need to be taken to get the better therapeutic treatment options against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Pallavi Agarwal
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
| | - Viney Lather
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Deepti Pandita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
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26
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Pan C, Li B, Simon MC. Moonlighting functions of metabolic enzymes and metabolites in cancer. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3760-3774. [PMID: 34547237 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The growing field of tumor metabolism has greatly expanded our knowledge of metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Apart from their established roles, various metabolic enzymes and metabolites harbor non-canonical ("moonlighting") functions to support malignant transformation. In this article, we intend to review the current understanding of moonlighting functions of metabolic enzymes and related metabolites broadly existing in cancer cells by dissecting each major metabolic pathway and its regulation of cellular behaviors. Understanding these non-canonical functions may broaden the horizon of the cancer metabolism field and uncover novel therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510080, China; Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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27
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Ciummo SL, D’Antonio L, Sorrentino C, Fieni C, Lanuti P, Stassi G, Todaro M, Di Carlo E. The C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 Sustains Breast Cancer Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Promotes Tumor Progression and Immune Escape Programs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689286. [PMID: 34195201 PMCID: PMC8237942 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) mortality is mainly due to metastatic disease, which is primarily driven by cancer stem cells (CSC). The chemokine C-X-C motif ligand-1 (CXCL1) is involved in BC metastasis, but the question of whether it regulates breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) behavior is yet to be explored. Here, we demonstrate that BCSCs express CXCR2 and produce CXCL1, which stimulates their proliferation and self-renewal, and that CXCL1 blockade inhibits both BCSC proliferation and mammosphere formation efficiency. CXCL1 amplifies its own production and remarkably induces both tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive factors, including SPP1/OPN, ACKR3/CXCR7, TLR4, TNFSF10/TRAIL and CCL18 and, to a lesser extent, immunostimulatory cytokines, including IL15, while it downregulates CCL2, CCL28, and CXCR4. CXCL1 downregulates TWIST2 and SNAI2, while it boosts TWIST1 expression in association with the loss of E-Cadherin, ultimately promoting BCSC epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Bioinformatic analyses of transcriptional data obtained from BC samples of 1,084 patients, reveals that CXCL1 expressing BCs mostly belong to the Triple-Negative (TN) subtype, and that BC expression of CXCL1 strongly correlates with that of pro-angiogenic and cancer promoting genes, such as CXCL2-3-5-6, FGFBP1, BCL11A, PI3, B3GNT5, BBOX1, and PTX3, suggesting that the CXCL1 signaling cascade is part of a broader tumor-promoting signaling network. Our findings reveal that CXCL1 functions as an autocrine growth factor for BCSCs and elicits primarily tumor progression and immune escape programs. Targeting the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis could restrain the BCSC compartment and improve the treatment of aggressive BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Livia Ciummo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi D’Antonio
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Sorrentino
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristiano Fieni
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
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28
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Hypoxia-Driven Effects in Cancer: Characterization, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030678. [PMID: 33808542 PMCID: PMC8003323 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumors, greatly hinders the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments such as chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy. The depletion of oxygen in proliferating and advanced tumors causes an array of genetic, transcriptional, and metabolic adaptations that promote survival, metastasis, and a clinically malignant phenotype. At the nexus of these interconnected pathways are hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) which orchestrate transcriptional responses under hypoxia. The following review summarizes current literature regarding effects of hypoxia on DNA repair, metastasis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the cancer stem cell phenotype, and therapy resistance. We also discuss mechanisms and pathways, such as HIF signaling, mitochondrial dynamics, exosomes, and the unfolded protein response, that contribute to hypoxia-induced phenotypic changes. Finally, novel therapeutics that target the hypoxic tumor microenvironment or interfere with hypoxia-induced pathways are reviewed.
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29
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Hypoxia and Oxygen-Sensing Signaling in Gene Regulation and Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218162. [PMID: 33142830 PMCID: PMC7663541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen homeostasis regulation is the most fundamental cellular process for adjusting physiological oxygen variations, and its irregularity leads to various human diseases, including cancer. Hypoxia is closely associated with cancer development, and hypoxia/oxygen-sensing signaling plays critical roles in the modulation of cancer progression. The key molecules of the hypoxia/oxygen-sensing signaling include the transcriptional regulator hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) which widely controls oxygen responsive genes, the central members of the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)-dependent dioxygenases, such as prolyl hydroxylase (PHD or EglN), and an E3 ubiquitin ligase component for HIF degeneration called von Hippel–Lindau (encoding protein pVHL). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the canonical hypoxia signaling, HIF transcription factors, and pVHL. In addition, the role of 2-OG-dependent enzymes, such as DNA/RNA-modifying enzymes, JmjC domain-containing enzymes, and prolyl hydroxylases, in gene regulation of cancer progression, is specifically reviewed. We also discuss the therapeutic advancement of targeting hypoxia and oxygen sensing pathways in cancer.
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30
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Liao C, Zhang Q. BBOX1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression by controlling IP3R3 stability. Mol Cell Oncol 2020; 7:1813526. [PMID: 33241108 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2020.1813526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Limited therapeutic options impede the clinical outcome of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our recent study uncovered a novel signaling pathway implicating gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase 1 (BBOX1) in the control of cell growth in TNBC, via inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 (IP3R3) mediated calcium signaling which is essential for cellular energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengheng Liao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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