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Wang Z, Qin H, Liu S, Sheng J, Zhang X. Precision diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1155-1165. [PMID: 36939276 PMCID: PMC10278703 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Early diagnosis of HCC remains the key to improve the prognosis. In recent years, with the promotion of the concept of precision medicine and more in-depth analysis of the biological mechanism underlying HCC, new diagnostic methods, including emerging serum markers, liquid biopsies, molecular diagnosis, and advances in imaging (novel contrast agents and radiomics), have emerged one after another. Herein, we reviewed and analyzed scientific advances in the early diagnosis of HCC and discussed their application and shortcomings. This review aimed to provide a reference for scientific research and clinical practice of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Shui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
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Song T, Li L, Wu S, Liu Y, Guo C, Wang W, Dai L, Zhang T, Wu H, Su B. Peripheral Blood Genetic Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:583714. [PMID: 33777736 PMCID: PMC7991745 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.583714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has high mortality. Biomarkers related to HCC, such as alpha-fetoprotein, and imaging technology, such as ultrasound and computed tomography, have been used to screen and monitor HCC, but HCC is still difficult to diagnose effectively in the early stage due to the low sensitivity of the above mentioned traditional methods. There is an urgent need for noninvasive biomarkers to facilitate the screening and early diagnosis of HCC. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing, genetic biomarkers are becoming the core of cancer diagnosis. Genetic biomarkers such as peripheral blood circulating tumor DNA, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, and exosomes have become the focus of early HCC diagnostics. HCC genetic biomarkers have been implemented in clinical practice. In this review, we describe the available literature on peripheral blood genetic biomarkers in the diagnosis of early HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China.,Department of Hepatology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Center of Transfusion-Transmitted Infectious Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Caiping Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
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Antibiotics in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients: A Review of Population Pharmacokinetic Analyses. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 60:447-470. [PMID: 33447944 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-020-00970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower respiratory tract infections are common in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and are frequently caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resulting in chronic lung inflammation and fibrosis. The progression of multidrug-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa and alterations in the pharmacokinetics of many antibiotics in CF make optimal antimicrobial therapy a challenge, as reflected by high between- and inter-individual variability (IIV). OBJECTIVES This review provides a synthesis of population pharmacokinetic models for various antibiotics prescribed in adult CF patients, and aims at identifying the most reported structural models, covariates and sources of variability influencing the dose-concentration relationship. METHODS A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database, from inception to August 2020, and articles were retained if they met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS A total of 19 articles were included in this review. One-, two- and three-compartment models were reported to best describe the pharmacokinetics of various antibiotics. The most common covariates were lean body mass and creatinine clearance. After covariate inclusion, the IIV (range) in total body clearance was 27.2% (10.40-59.7%) and 25.9% (18.0-33.9%) for β-lactams and aminoglycosides, respectively. IIV in total body clearance was estimated at 36.3% for linezolid and 22.4% for telavancin. The IIV (range) in volume of distribution was 29.4% (8.8-45.9%) and 15.2 (11.6-18.0%) for β-lactams and aminoglycosides, respectively, and 26.9% for telavancin. The median (range) of residual variability for all studies, using a combined (proportional and additive) model, was 12.7% (0.384-30.80%) and 0.126 mg/L (0.007-1.88 mg/L), respectively. CONCLUSION This is the first review that highlights key aspects of different population pharmacokinetic models of antibiotics prescribed in adult CF patients, effectively proposing relevant information for clinicians and researchers to optimize antibiotic therapy in CF.
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Liu X, Zhou Y, Peng J, Xie B, Shou Q, Wang J. Silencing c-Myc Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Bufalin by Suppressing the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:495. [PMID: 32362830 PMCID: PMC7181899 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies. Bufalin, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat pancreatic cancer as an antitumor agent although the mechanism by which it exerts its effects is still unclear. c-Myc has been found to be overexpressed in more than half of human cancers including pancreatic cancer. However, the role of c-Myc in pancreatic cancer cells and its influence in bufalin-treated pancreatic cancer are yet to be clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the role of c-Myc in the antitumor activity of bufalin in pancreatic cancer. Methods c-Myc siRNA and overexpression plasmid were transfected into pancreatic cancer cells to construct the cell models. c-Myc expression was detected via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. The effect of c-Myc on bufalin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation was detected via CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis and the cell cycle were analyzed via flow cytometry. Cell invasion and migration was detected via Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. In addition, the effect of bufalin on the suppression of tumor growth in vivo was studied in nude mice model subcutaneously injected with PANC-1 and SW1990 cells. Hematoxylin-eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay were used to evaluate pathological changes in vivo. The expression of HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 were detected via western blot. Results CCK-8 assay showed that bufalin could inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell, and c-Myc downregulation enhanced this effect. Similarly, c-Myc downregulation enhanced the effect of bufalin on cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and the invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cell in vitro. Further mechanism assay showed that c-Myc enhances the effect by regulating the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. The in vivo studies verified the results that c-Myc enhances the effect of bufalin through regulation of the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway. Conclusions Downregulation of c-Myc enhanced the antitumor activity of bufalin in pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing the HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway. These findings indicate that c-Myc inhibitors could enhance the clinical therapeutic effect of bufalin and may expand the clinical application of bufalin accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yayun Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei Xie
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyang Shou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Liu XN, Cui DN, Li YF, Liu YH, Liu G, Liu L. Multiple “Omics” data-based biomarker screening for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4199-4212. [PMID: 31435173 PMCID: PMC6700689 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The huge prognostic difference between early and late stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a challenging diagnostic problem. Alpha-fetoprotein is the mostly widely used biomarker for HCC used in the clinic, however it’s sensitivity and specificity of is not optimal. The development and application of multiple biotechnologies, including next generation sequencing, multiple “omics” data, that include genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics has been used for HCC diagnostic biomarker screening. Effective biomarkers/panels/models have been identified and validated at different clinical levels. A large proportion of these have a good diagnostic performance for HCC, especially for early HCC. In this article, we reviewed the various HCC biomarkers derived from “omics” data and discussed the advantages and disadvantages for diagnosis HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan-Ni Cui
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Fang Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-He Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Liu XN, Cui DN, Li YF, Liu YH, Liu G, Liu L. Multiple “Omics” data-based biomarker screening for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i29.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Murray C, Shipman P, Khangure M, Chakera T, Robbins P, McAuliffe W, Davis S. Lhermitte-Duclos disease associated with Cowden's syndrome: case report and literature review. AUSTRALASIAN RADIOLOGY 2001; 45:343-6. [PMID: 11531761 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1673.2001.00933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) is a rare entity that may occur in the setting of Cowden's syndrome (CS). Accurate preoperative diagnosis can be made on the characteristic CT and MR appearances, thereby obviating the need for biopsy. It is important to be aware of the link between LDD and CS so that appropriate genetic counselling and tumour surveillance can be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Murray
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2001; 10:69-84. [PMID: 11417072 DOI: 10.1002/pds.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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