1
|
Shiga T, Hoshino H, Ochiai H, Osakabe Y, Kanno K, Horikoshi S, Miura I, Yabe H. Effects of benzodiazepine and orexin receptor antagonist on cognitive function revealed by auditory event-related potentials. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:1488-1495. [PMID: 34330170 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211035390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive decline after oral administration of sedatives, such as benzodiazepines, is a serious side effect. Suvorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, has a favorable tolerability and a limited side-effect profile. AIM The purpose of this study was to estimate the cognitive decline 1 day after oral medication with lormetazepam, a benzodiazepine, and suvorexant by comparing mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300 reflecting auditory discrimination function. METHODS Sixty healthy subjects (42 males) were randomly assigned to three groups receiving suvorexant 20 mg, lormetazepam 2 mg, or placebo in this double-blind, randomized control study. Event-related potential recordings during an auditory oddball task and a digit symbol substitution test (DSST) were performed 1 day after oral administration. RESULTS MMN, on the day after oral administration, was significantly attenuated in the lormetazepam group compared with the other two groups, but there was no difference between the suvorexant and placebo groups. No significant difference was found in P300 amplitudes and DSST scores among the three groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that suvorexant, unlike benzodiazepine, is not associated with cognitive deficits, as revealed by MMN but not P300. This study shows a neurophysiological difference in the effects of suvorexant and benzodiazepine on cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Shiga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Haruka Ochiai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Osakabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kanno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sho Horikoshi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Itaru Miura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim S, Baek JH, Shim SH, Kwon YJ, Lee HY, Yoo JH, Kim JS. Mismatch negativity indices and functional outcomes in unipolar and bipolar depression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12831. [PMID: 32732996 PMCID: PMC7393365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the association between functional outcomes and mismatch negativity (MMN) activity in participants with mood disorders. The study participants were 27 subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), 29 subjects with bipolar disorder (BD), and 33 healthy controls who performed a passive auditory oddball paradigm while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Peak amplitudes and source activity of the MMN were compared across groups. Mood and anxiety symptoms were evaluated. The functional levels were the lowest in the BD group, followed by the MDD and healthy control groups. The subjects with BD had significantly lower MMN amplitudes at the frontal and frontocentral electrodes than the healthy controls. The source activity of the MMN from the left anterior cingulate cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus was significantly increased in the BD group compared to the MDD group. Significant correlations were detected between the functional outcomes and MMN amplitudes at frontal and frontocentral sites. The functional outcome was significantly correlated with left frontal regions. In conclusion, MMN activity appears to be a promising candidate as an evaluation tool for functional outcomes in mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungkean Kim
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Shim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grillon C, Robinson OJ, Cornwell B, Ernst M. Modeling anxiety in healthy humans: a key intermediate bridge between basic and clinical sciences. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1999-2010. [PMID: 31226707 PMCID: PMC6897969 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of anxiety disorders are important for elucidating neurobiological defense mechanisms. However, animal models are limited when it comes to understanding the more complex processes of anxiety that are unique to humans (e.g., worry) and to screen new treatments. In this review, we outline how the Experimental Psychopathology approach, based on experimental models of anxiety in healthy subjects, can mitigate these limitations and complement research in animals. Experimental psychopathology can bridge basic research in animals and clinical studies, as well as guide and constrain hypotheses about the nature of psychopathology, treatment mechanisms, and treatment targets. This review begins with a brief review of the strengths and limitations of animal models before discussing the need for human models of anxiety, which are especially necessary to probe higher-order cognitive processes. This can be accomplished by combining anxiety-induction procedures with tasks that probe clinically relevant processes to identify neurocircuits that are potentially altered by anxiety. The review then discusses the validity of experimental psychopathology and introduces a methodological approach consisting of five steps: (1) select anxiety-relevant cognitive or behavioral operations and associated tasks, (2) identify the underlying neurocircuits supporting these operations in healthy controls, 3) examine the impact of experimental anxiety on the targeted operations in healthy controls, (4) utilize findings from step 3 to generate hypotheses about neurocircuit dysfunction in anxious patients, and 5) evaluate treatment mechanisms and screen novel treatments. This is followed by two concrete illustrations of this approach and suggestions for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Grillon
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Oliver J Robinson
- University College London, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Brian Cornwell
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Monique Ernst
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Auditory mismatch detection, distraction, and attentional reorientation (MMN-P3a-RON) in neurological and psychiatric disorders: A review. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 146:85-100. [PMID: 31654696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Involuntary attention allows for the detection and processing of novel and potentially relevant stimuli that lie outside of cognitive focus. These processes comprise change detection in sensory contexts, automatic orientation toward this change, and the selection of adaptive responses, including reorientation to the original goal in cases when the detected change is not relevant for task demands. These processes have been studied using the Event-Related Potential (ERP) technique and have been associated to the Mismatch Negativity (MMN), the P3a, and the Reorienting Negativity (RON) electrophysiological components, respectively. This has allowed for the objective evaluation of the impact of different neuropsychiatric pathologies on involuntary attention. Additionally, these ERP have been proposed as alternative measures for the early detection of disease and the tracking of its progression. The objective of this review was to integrate the results reported to date about MMN, P3a, and RON in different neurological and psychiatric disorders. We included experimental studies with clinical populations that reported at least two of these three components in the same experimental paradigm. Overall, involuntary attention seems to reflect the state of cognitive integrity in different pathologies in adults. However, if the main goal for these ERP is to consider them as biomarkers, more research about their pathophysiological specificity in each disorder is needed, as well as improvement in the general experimental conditions under which these components are elicited. Nevertheless, these ERP represent a valuable neurophysiological tool for early detection and follow-up of diverse clinical populations.
Collapse
|
5
|
Auditory Target and Novelty Processing in Patients with Unilateral Hippocampal Sclerosis: A Current-Source Density Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1612. [PMID: 28487515 PMCID: PMC5431625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity to respond to novel events is crucial for adapting to the constantly changing environment. Here, we recorded 29-channel Event Related Brain Potentials (ERPs) during an active auditory novelty oddball paradigm and used for the first time Current Source Density-transformed Event Related Brain Potentials and associated time-frequency spectra to study target and novelty processing in a group of epileptic patients with unilateral damage of the hippocampus (N = 18) and in healthy matched control participants (N = 18). Importantly, we used Voxel-Based Morphometry to ensure that our group of patients had a focal unilateral damage restricted to the hippocampus and especially its medial part. We found a clear deficit for target processing at the behavioral level. In addition, compared to controls, our group of patients presented (i) a reduction of theta event-related synchronization (ERS) for targets and (ii) a reduction and delayed P3a source accompanied by reduced theta and low-beta ERS and alpha event-related synchronization (ERD) for novel stimuli. These results suggest that the integrity of the hippocampus might be crucial for the functioning of the complex cortico-subcortical network involved in the detection of novel and target stimuli.
Collapse
|
6
|
A mechanistic model of mismatch negativity in the ageing brain. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125:1774-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Lin YT, Liu CM, Chiu MJ, Liu CC, Chien YL, Hwang TJ, Jaw FS, Shan JC, Hsieh MH, Hwu HG. Differentiation of schizophrenia patients from healthy subjects by mismatch negativity and neuropsychological tests. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34454. [PMID: 22496807 PMCID: PMC3320618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder with diverse presentations. The current and the proposed DSM-V diagnostic system remains phenomenologically based, despite the fact that several neurobiological and neuropsychological markers have been identified. A multivariate approach has better diagnostic utility than a single marker method. In this study, the mismatch negativity (MMN) deficit of schizophrenia was first replicated in a Han Chinese population, and then the MMN was combined with several neuropsychological measurements to differentiate schizophrenia patients from healthy subjects. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 120 schizophrenia patients and 76 healthy controls were recruited. Each subject received examinations for duration MMN, Continuous Performance Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Third Edition (WAIS-III). The MMN was compared between cases and controls, and important covariates were investigated. Schizophrenia patients had significantly reduced MMN amplitudes, and MMN decreased with increasing age in both patient and control groups. None of the neuropsychological indices correlated with MMN. Predictive multivariate logistic regression models using the MMN and neuropsychological measurements as predictors were developed. Four predictors, including MMN at electrode FCz and three scores from the WAIS-III (Arithmetic, Block Design, and Performance IQ) were retained in the final predictive model. The model performed well in differentiating patients from healthy subjects (percentage of concordant pairs: 90.5%). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE MMN deficits were found in Han Chinese schizophrenia patients. The multivariate approach combining biomarkers from different modalities such as electrophysiology and neuropsychology had a better diagnostic utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Dou-Liou City, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shan Jaw
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Chi Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H. Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Dou-Liou City, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The mismatch negativity (MMN)--a unique window to disturbed central auditory processing in ageing and different clinical conditions. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 123:424-58. [PMID: 22169062 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we review clinical research using the mismatch negativity (MMN), a change-detection response of the brain elicited even in the absence of attention or behavioural task. In these studies, the MMN was usually elicited by employing occasional frequency, duration or speech-sound changes in repetitive background stimulation while the patient was reading or watching videos. It was found that in a large number of different neuropsychiatric, neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as in normal ageing, the MMN amplitude was attenuated and peak latency prolonged. Besides indexing decreased discrimination accuracy, these effects may also reflect, depending on the specific stimulus paradigm used, decreased sensory-memory duration, abnormal perception or attention control or, most importantly, cognitive decline. In fact, MMN deficiency appears to index cognitive decline irrespective of the specific symptomatologies and aetiologies of the different disorders involved.
Collapse
|
9
|
Naatanen R, Kujala T, Kreegipuu K, Carlson S, Escera C, Baldeweg T, Ponton C. The mismatch negativity: an index of cognitive decline in neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases and in ageing. Brain 2011; 134:3435-53. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
10
|
Garrido MI, Kilner JM, Stephan KE, Friston KJ. The mismatch negativity: a review of underlying mechanisms. Clin Neurophysiol 2009; 120:453-63. [PMID: 19181570 PMCID: PMC2671031 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) is a brain response to violations of a rule, established by a sequence of sensory stimuli (typically in the auditory domain) [Näätänen R. Attention and brain function. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1992]. The MMN reflects the brain's ability to perform automatic comparisons between consecutive stimuli and provides an electrophysiological index of sensory learning and perceptual accuracy. Although the MMN has been studied extensively, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the MMN are not well understood. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the generation of the MMN; amongst these accounts, the "adaptation hypothesis" and the "model adjustment hypothesis" have received the most attention. This paper presents a review of studies that focus on neuronal mechanisms underlying the MMN generation, discusses the two major explanatory hypotheses, and proposes predictive coding as a general framework that attempts to unify both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta I Garrido
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Leung S, Croft RJ, Baldeweg T, Nathan PJ. Acute dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptor stimulation does not modulate mismatch negativity (MMN) in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 194:443-51. [PMID: 17611739 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Schizophrenia is commonly associated with an impairment in pre-attentive change detection, as represented by reduced mismatch negativity (MMN), an auditory event related potential. While the neurochemical basis of MMN has been linked to the integrity of the glutamatergic system involving N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, the role of the dopaminergic system and in particular, the role of D(1) and D(2) receptors on MMN is yet to be determined. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present project was to investigate the acute effects of dopamine D(2) (bromocriptine) and D(1)/D(2) (pergolide) receptor stimulation on the human MMN in healthy subjects. METHODS Fifteen healthy male subjects participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design in which each subject was tested under three acute treatment conditions separated by a 1-week wash out period; placebo, bromocriptine (2.5 mg) and pergolide (0.1 mg). The subjects were exposed to a duration-MMN paradigm with 50 ms standard tones (91%) and 100 ms deviant tones (9%). RESULTS The results showed that neither D(2) receptor stimulation with bromocriptine, nor simultaneous D(1) and D(2) receptor stimulation with pergolide, modulated MMN. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that acute D(1) and D(2) receptor stimulation does not modulate MMN. While the role of dopamine cannot be completely ruled out, the findings support the view that the aberrant MMN reported in schizophrenia may be linked primarily to glutamate dysfunction involving NMDA receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumie Leung
- Biological Psychiatry Research Unit, Brain Sciences Institute, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kujala T, Tervaniemi M, Schröger E. The mismatch negativity in cognitive and clinical neuroscience: Theoretical and methodological considerations. Biol Psychol 2007; 74:1-19. [PMID: 16844278 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the event-related brain potentials has become popular in cognitive and clinical brain research during the recent years. It is an early response to a violation of an auditory rule such as an infrequent change in the physical feature of a repetitive sound. There is a lot of evidence on the association of the MMN parameters and behavioral discrimination ability, although this relationship is not always straight-forward. Since the MMN reflects sound discrimination accuracy, it can be used for probing how well different groups of individuals perceive sound differences, and how training or remediation affects this ability. In the present review, we first introduce some of the essential MMN findings in probing sound discrimination, memory, and their deficits. Thereafter, issues which need to be taken into account in MMN investigations as well as new improved recording paradigms are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teija Kujala
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Umbricht D, Krljes S. Mismatch negativity in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2005; 76:1-23. [PMID: 15927795 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Revised: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an auditory event-related potential that provides an index of automatic context-dependent information processing and auditory sensory memory. Many studies have reported abnormalities in the generation of MMN in schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of this deficit and associated factors. METHOD Studies of MMN in schizophrenia were identified and included in a meta-analysis to estimate the mean effect size. Effects of duration of illness, gender ratio, age of patients, type of MMN (duration versus frequency MMN) and characteristics of the test paradigms (deviant probability, magnitude of standard-deviant difference) on effect size were assessed. RESULTS Of 62 identified studies 32 met our inclusion criteria. The mean effect size was 0.99 (95% confidence intervals: 0.79, 1.29). Overall, no specific factor was significantly associated with MMN deficits, although MMN to stimuli differing in duration appeared more impaired in schizophrenia than MMN to frequency deviants. In addition, effect sizes of frequency MMN were significantly correlated with duration of illness. CONCLUSIONS MMN deficits are a robust feature in chronic schizophrenia and indicate abnormalities in automatic context-dependent auditory information processing and auditory sensory memory in these patients. Reports of normal MMN in first-episode schizophrenia and the association of deficits in frequency MMN with illness duration suggest that MMN may index ongoing neuropathological changes in the auditory cortex in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Umbricht
- University of Zurich, Department of Psychiatric Research, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lucchesi LM, Braga NIDO, Manzano GM, Pompéia S, Tufik S. Acute neurophysiological effects of the hypnotic zolpidem in healthy volunteers. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2005; 29:557-64. [PMID: 15866358 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The imidazopyridine zolpidem is a hypnotic drug with relative selectivity for the benzodiazepine (BZP) type 1 receptor subtypes displaying a different biochemical structure to that of BZPs. Little is known of its electrophysiological effects. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute neurophysiological effects of clinical oral doses of zolpidem. METHODS This was a double blind, independent group design study. Thirty-six young, healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to one of three groups--zolpidem (5 mg and 10 mg) and placebo. In addition to ERPs, behavioural measures were used to examine sedative effects of the drug. RESULTS ERPs were affected in a similar way to that described after sedative/hypnotic drug ingestion: increased N2 and P3 latencies and decreased N2 and P3 amplitudes. However, contrary to what is expected of a hypnotic drug, there was no change with N1 while P2 amplitude increased after the highest dose. CONCLUSIONS Because zolpidem showed different effects in different components, it seems to first enhance or preserve initial orienting (no change in N1), after an increase of P2 and then drastically diminish resource allocation (affecting N2 and P3 latencies and amplitudes). The study with ERPs, therefore, allows a more direct "moment to moment" investigation of finer mechanisms of changes in cerebral processes underlying the acute ingestion of the drug in question. The effects on N2 and P3 amplitudes and latencies were similar to those of other sedative/hypnotic drugs. However, zolpidem led to an unexpected increase in P2 amplitude; this effect may be related to its selective receptor binding profile and warrants further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lígia M Lucchesi
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rosburg T, Marinou V, Haueisen J, Smesny S, Sauer H. Effects of lorazepam on the neuromagnetic mismatch negativity (MMNm) and auditory evoked field component N100m. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29:1723-33. [PMID: 15127083 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) as an auditory evoked potential is thought to reflect an early, preconscious attention process. While this component has gained great importance in studies on clinical populations and in basic research on auditory information processing, the involvement of different neurotransmitters in the generation of this component is less well understood. We investigated the impact of the benzodiazepine lorazepam as a GABA agonist on the neuromagnetic MMN (MMNm) and auditory evoked field component N100m. A group of 12 healthy subjects was studied in single blind trials under the following three conditions: after the intake of 1.25 mg lorazepam, 100 mg caffeine or placebo. Neuromagnetic recordings were obtained before drug intake and three times after it. Controlled visual attention was tested additionally using a version of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). The neuromagnetic activity was reconstructed by a single moving dipole, and the dipole moment and its latency were compared between conditions and time points of measurement. Lorazepam diminished the signal detection performance in the CPT 25 min after drug intake. The source of the field component N100m was attenuated, most significantly in the recording 105 min after lorazepam intake. The attenuation of the MMNm under lorazepam became significant at 105 min, but was visually less apparent, because in all conditions a decrease of the MMNm dipole moment within the course of a session was observed. Besides the already known effects of benzodiazepines on controlled attention functions, preconscious attention functions as reflected in the MMN are impaired by acute benzodiazepine intake. MMN studies on clinical populations have to be controlled for the recording time because of the strong habituation of this component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timm Rosburg
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li M, Kuroiwa Y, Wang L, Kamitani T, Takahashi T, Suzuki Y, Omoto S. Early sensory information processes are enhanced on visual oddball and S1-S2 tasks in Parkinson's disease: a visual event-related potentials study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2003; 9:329-40. [PMID: 12853232 DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(02)00094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To observe sensory and cognitive information processing in Parkinson's disease (PD), 34 PD patients and 26 controls were investigated. A visual oddball paradigm and an S1-S2 paradigm were employed to record the early (P1, N1, P2) and late (N2, P3) event-related potentials (ERPs) at Cz, Pz and Oz. Results showed: (1) enlarged P1 amplitude at all electrode locations on both tasks, (2) shortened N1 latency and enlarged P2 amplitude at Oz on both tasks, (3) enlarged N1 amplitude at Cz during an oddball paradigm, (4) delayed N2 latency and decreased N2, P3 amplitude on both tasks, and (5) delayed P3 latency and reaction time during the S1-S2 paradigm. Abnormal ERP changes were correlated with worsened scores on Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and motor dysfunction scales in PD. We surmise overactive aspects or failed inhibitory modulation of sensory information processing in the early ERP stage and deficient cognitive information processing during the late ERP stage in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004 Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hansenne M, Pinto E, Scantamburlo G, Couvreur A, Reggers J, Fuchs S, Pitchot W, Ansseau M. Mismatch negativity is not correlated with neuroendocrine indicators of catecholaminergic activity in healthy subjects. Hum Psychopharmacol 2003; 18:201-5. [PMID: 12672172 DOI: 10.1002/hup.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The identification of the brain structures and neurotransmitters responsible for the generation and/or modulation of the mismatch negativity (MMN) may contribute to a clearer understanding of its functional significance, and may have clinical implications. In this context, some findings suggest that the scalp-recorded MMN reflects activity from multiple neuronal ensembles within or in the immediate vicinity of the primary auditory cortex and with possible contribution from the frontal cortex. However, few data are available concerning the influence of neurotransmitter systems on the MMN. In this study, the relationship between both noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems and the MMN were investigated in 34 healthy volunteers. Noradrenergic and dopaminergic activities were assessed with the apomorphine and clonidine challenge tests. The results showed no significant relationship between either growth hormone (GH) responses to apomorphine or clonidine and the MMN amplitude or latency. Therefore, this study does not demonstrate the implication of dopaminergic and noradrenergic activities as assessed by GH response to apomorphine and clonidine for the generation and/or the modulation of the MMN. However, given the complexity of the central neurotransmitter systems, these results cannot be considered as definitive evidence against a relationship between dopaminergic and noradrenergic activity and the MMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hansenne
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of Liège, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Murakami T, Nakagome K, Kamio S, Kasai K, Iwanami A, Hiramatsu KI, Fukuda M, Hata A, Honda M, Watanabe A, Kato N. The effects of benzodiazepines on event-related potential indices of automatic and controlled processing in schizophrenia: a preliminary report. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2002; 26:651-61. [PMID: 12188096 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-5846(01)00302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of benzodiazepines on cognitive function in schizophrenic patients were investigated using event-related potential (ERP) measurement during an auditory selective attention task. In this study, the authors compared the mismatch negativity (MMN) and N2b components between two subgroups of schizophrenic patients: one is comprised of patients who received no benzodiazepines (NT group, n = 7) and the other is comprised of those administered benzodiazepines in the daytime (T group, n = 7). There were no significant differences in MMN and N2b amplitudes between the two subgroups, whereas the N2b latency was significantly prolonged in the T group relative to the NT group. This suggested that benzodiazepines induce delayed stimulus classification processing in schizophrenic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Murakami
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kasai K, Yamada H, Kamio S, Nakagome K, Iwanami A, Fukuda M, Yumoto M, Itoh K, Koshida I, Abe O, Kato N. Do high or low doses of anxiolytics and hypnotics affect mismatch negativity in schizophrenic subjects? An EEG and MEG study. Clin Neurophysiol 2002; 113:141-50. [PMID: 11801436 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies have demonstrated mismatch negativity (MMN) attenuation in schizophrenia. Recently, investigators have shown that GABAergic inhibitory neurons may regulate MMN generation. Considering that a substantial proportion of schizophrenic patients receive anxiolytics and hypnotics that have affinity to GABA(A) receptors to reduce their comorbid symptoms of anxiety and sleep disturbances, we need to assess whether anxiolytics/hypnotics might affect their MMN generation. The aim of this study is to assess the possibility that high or low doses of anxiolytics/hypnotics received by schizophrenic subjects affect their mismatch negativity (MMN), using event-related potentials (ERPs) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). METHODS Twenty-three and 16 patients with schizophrenia participated in the ERP and MEG studies, respectively. Three types of MMN (MMN in response to a duration change of pure-tone stimuli, within-category vowel change (Japanese vowel /a/ with short versus long duration), and across-category vowel change (vowel /a/ versus /o/)) were recorded. RESULTS High or low doses of benzodiazepine had no significant effects on MMN amplitude/magnetic MMN power, topography/laterality, or latency under any conditions of the ERP or MEG study. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that chronic administration of anxiolytics/hypnotics does not significantly affect MMN in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The perspectives of application of the mismatch negativity (MMN), generated by the brain's automatic response to change in auditory stimulation, are discussed. In light of the fact that the MMN (and its magnetic equivalent MMNm) currently provides the only objective measure of the accuracy of the central auditory function, these perspectives appear very promising. The MMN can be measured in the absence of attention and task requirements, which makes it particularly suitable for testing different clinical populations and infants. Furthermore, the MMN enables one to evaluate the accuracy of auditory discrimination separately for any acoustic feature, such as frequency, intensity and duration, and for learned categories, such as the phonemes of a particular language. In addition, by measuring the decay of the MMN amplitude as a function of the interstimulus interval, it is possible to estimate the duration of sensory (echoic) memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Näätänen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nakajima T, Takazawa S, Hayashida S, Nakagome K, Sasaki T, Kanno O. Effects of zolpidem and zopiclone on cognitive and attentional function in young healthy volunteers: an event-related potential study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000; 54:37-40. [PMID: 15558877 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2000.00634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of zolpidem and zopiclone, non-benzodiazepine ultra-short-acting hypnotics, on cognitive function and vigilance level were investigated in the morning following nocturnal administration using event-related potentials (ERP) and a sleep latency test (SLT). Zopiclone significantly shortened the sleep latency the following morning, whereas zolpidem did not, perhaps due to the difference in the elimination half-lives between the compounds. No significant effect was observed for either drug on the ERP indices, including the P3, mismatch negativity and negative difference components. At a clinically prescribed dosage these sleep inducers have no remarkable effect on cognitive or attentional functions but increase sleepiness of the subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Nakajima
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|