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Montastruc F, Taillefer de Laportaliere T. Drug-induced psychiatric disorders: A pharmacovigilance update. Therapie 2024; 79:173-179. [PMID: 37957053 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The psychiatric risks associated with drugs are sometimes one of the few restrictions on the use of certain drug classes, such as corticosteroids in patients with a history of severe psychotic episodes associated with this drug class. In this non-exhaustive review, we propose to deal with the most recent issues concerning psychiatric disorders induced by drugs and encountered in doctors' clinical practice. Firstly, we look at depressive disorders and suicide risks, secondly at psychotic and manic disorders and thirdly at anxiety and sleep disorders. While lot of drugs are associated with psychiatric disorders, the confounding by indication represents an important methodological gap since information on the psychiatric profile of patients is not always available. This is particularly the case for serotonin reuptake inhibitors and esketamine used as antidepressants. Recent pharmacovigilance concerns of psychiatric disorders emerged with montelukast, orexin receptor antagonists or cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Montastruc
- Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre of PharmacoVigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU), Faculty of Medicine, 31000 Toulouse, France; CIC 1436, Team PEPSS (Pharmacologie En Population cohorteS et biobanqueS), Toulouse University Hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France.
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2
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Dogheim GM, Werida RH. Drug Utilization Evaluation Study of Ciprofloxacin Use and Adverse Events Occurrence: Role of Community Pharmacists. J Pharm Technol 2024; 40:15-22. [PMID: 38318258 PMCID: PMC10838536 DOI: 10.1177/87551225231216328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis threatening optimal management of infectious diseases. Ciprofloxacin is a widely used fluoroquinolone in various disease conditions. Resistance against ciprofloxacin is increasing, leading to nonoptimal management of patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess ciprofloxacin use in the community setting in terms of appropriate prescribing, dosing, frequency, and duration of use. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted by community pharmacists in 5 community pharmacies in Egypt from September 2021 to February 2022. Patients prescribed oral ciprofloxacin during the period of the study were included. Data on demographics, indications for ciprofloxacin, dosing regimen, adverse events, and drug interactions were collected. Results: A total of 151 patients' record indicated for ciprofloxacin were included in the study, of whom 44.4% were men and 55.6% were women who were neither pregnant nor lactating. Based on international guidelines, 96.69% ciprofloxacin prescriptions were appropriate; 96.03% contained correct ciprofloxacin dosing whereas 3.97% were overdose. A total of 90. 73% had correct frequency of administration and 96.03% records had correct durations. Only 1.99% of patients were ≤18 years of age, which is an absolute contraindication. Interacting drugs with ciprofloxacin were 28.5% with acetaminophen, 31.1% with ibuprofen, 16.6% with antacids, 21.2% with chlorpheniramine, and 7.9% with prednisolone. Adverse events included 1.32% hypoglycemia, 0.66% hyperglycemia, 3.97% tendinitis, and 2.65% QTc (heart rate-corrected QT interval) prolongation. Conclusion and relevance: Ciprofloxacin use in community pharmacies is appropriate according to international guidelines. Ongoing drug utilization evaluation is necessary to ensure rational drug use, which in turn can decrease resistance rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaidaa M. Dogheim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab H. Werida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Zhang T, Dong J, Zhang C, Kong D, Ji Y, Zhou Q, Lu J. Photo-transformation of acetaminophen sensitized by fluoroquinolones in the presence of bromide. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138525. [PMID: 36990358 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are a class of antibiotics with emerging concern. This study investigated the photochemical properties of two representative FQs, i.e., norfloxacin (NORF) and ofloxacin (OFLO). Results showed that both FQs could sensitize the photo-transformation of acetaminophen under UV-A irradiation, during which excited triplet state (3FQ*) was the main active species. In the presence of 3 mM Br‾, the photolysis rate of acetaminophen increased by 56.3% and 113.5% in the solutions with 10 μM NORF and OFLO, respectively. Such an effect was ascribed to the generation of reactive bromine species (RBS), which was verified by 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (DMPZ) probing approach. 3FQ* reacts with acetaminophen through one-electron transfer, producing radical intermediates which then couple to each other. Presence of Br‾ did not lead to the formation of brominated products but the same coupling products, which suggests that radical bromine species, rather than free bromine, were responsible for the accelerated acetaminophen transformation. According to the identified reaction products and assisted with the theoretical computation, the transformation pathways of acetaminophen under UV-A irradiation were proposed. The results reported herein suggest that sunlight-driven reactions of FQs and Br‾ may influence the transformation of coexisting pollutants in surface water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiayue Dong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cunliang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Eco-Environment Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Deyang Kong
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yuefei Ji
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Quansuo Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junhe Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Chen X, Xian Z, Gao S, Bai L, Liang S, Tian H, Wang C, Gu C. Mechanistic insights into surface catalytic oxidation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics on sediment mackinawite. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119651. [PMID: 36731203 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) have been widely detected in the sediments due to vast production and consumption. In this study, the transformation of FQs was investigated in the presence of sediment mackinawite (FeS) under ambient conditions. Moreover, the role of dissolved oxygen was evaluated for the enhanced degradation of FQs induced by FeS. Our results demonstrated that typical FQs (i.e., flumequine, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) could be efficiently adsorbed and degraded by FeS under neutral pH conditions. As indicated by the results of electron paramagnetic resonance analysis (EPR) and free radicals quenching experiments, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical anions were identified as the dominant reactive species responsible for FQs degradation. Based on the results of product analysis and theoretical calculation, the degradation of FQs mainly occurred at the piperazine ring and quinolone structure. Our results show that FQs could be efficiently removed by FeS, which benefits understanding the transformation of antibiotics in the sediments, and even sheds light on the remediation of organic pollutants contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Zeyu Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Nanjing Kaver Scientific Instruments, Institute of Forestry Chemical Industry, China Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Song Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Lihua Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Sijia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Haoting Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
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Fluoroquinolones Hybrid Molecules as Promising Antibacterial Agents in the Fight against Antibacterial Resistance. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081749. [PMID: 36015376 PMCID: PMC9414178 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial resistance has motivated researchers to discover new antibacterial agents. Nowadays, fluoroquinolones keep their status as one of the essential classes of antibacterial agents. The new generations of fluoroquinolones are valuable therapeutic tools with a spectrum of activity, including Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical bacteria. This review article surveys the design of fluoroquinolone hybrids with other antibacterial agents or active compounds and underlines the new hybrids' antibacterial properties. Antibiotic fluoroquinolone hybrids have several advantages over combined antibiotic therapy. Thus, some challenges related to joining two different molecules are under study. Structurally, the obtained hybrids may contain a cleavable or non-cleavable linker, an essential element for their pharmacokinetic properties and mechanism of action. The design of hybrids seems to provide promising antibacterial agents helpful in the fight against more virulent and resistant strains. These hybrid structures have proven superior antibacterial activity and less susceptibility to bacterial resistance than the component molecules. In addition, fluoroquinolone hybrids have demonstrated other biological effects such as anti-HIV, antifungal, antiplasmodic/antimalarial, and antitumor activity. Many fluoroquinolone hybrids are in various phases of clinical trials, raising hopes that new antibacterial agents will be approved shortly.
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Hong G, Li W, Mao L, Wang J, Liu T. Synthesis and antibacterial activity evaluation of N (7) position-modified balofloxacins. Front Chem 2022; 10:963442. [PMID: 36059868 PMCID: PMC9437215 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.963442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of small-molecule fluoroquinolones were synthesized, characterized by HRMS and NMR spectroscopy, and screened for their antibacterial activity against MRSA, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli as model G+/G− pathogens. Compounds 2-e, 3-e, and 4-e were more potent than the reference drug balofloxacin against MRSA and P. aeruginosa (MIC values of 0.0195 and 0.039 μg/ml for 2-e, 0.039 and 0.078 μg/ml for each of 3-e and 4-e, respectively). Analysis of the time-dependent antibacterial effect of compound 2-e toward MRSA showed that in the early logarithmic growth phase, bactericidal effects occurred, while in the late logarithmic growth phase, bacterial inhibition occurred because of concentration effects and possibly the development of drug resistance. Compound 2-e exhibited low toxicity toward normal mammalian cell lines 3T3 and L-02 and tumor cell lines A549, H520, BEL-7402, and MCF-7. The compound was not hemolytic. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that compound 2-e could effectively destroy the membrane and wall of MRSA cells, resulting in the outflow of the cellular contents. Docking studies indicated the good binding profile of these compounds toward DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. ADMET’s prediction showed that most of the synthesized compounds followed Lipinski’s “rule of five” and possessed good drug-like properties. Our data suggested that compound 2-e exhibited potent anti-MRSA activity and is worthy of further investigation.
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Fluoroquinolones as Tyrosinase Inhibitors; Enzyme Kinetics and Molecular Docking Studies to Explore Their Mechanism of Action. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The binding of fluoroquinolones, the most commonly prescribed antibiotics, with melanin is well explored. However, their binding patterns and exact mechanism of interaction with tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanogenesis, are not explored yet. Thus, in the present study, seven fluoroquinolone drugs were selected to characterize their interactions with the tyrosinase enzyme: ciprofloxacin, enoxacin sesquihydrate, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin. The results confirmed that all the drugs execute excellent enzyme activity, with an inhibition range from IC50 = 28 ± 4 to 50 ± 1.9 μM, outperforming the standard hydroquinone (IC50 = 170 μM). Later, kinetic studies revealed that all the drugs showed irreversible, but mixed-type, tyrosinase inhibition, with a preferentially competitive mode of action. Further, 2D and 3D docked complexes and binding analyses confirmed their significant interactions in the active region of the target enzyme, sufficient for the downstream signaling responsible for the observed tyrosinase inhibition. Thus, this is the first report demonstrating their mechanism of tyrosinase inhibition, critical for melanin-dependent responses, including toxicity.
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Millanao AR, Mora AY, Villagra NA, Bucarey SA, Hidalgo AA. Biological Effects of Quinolones: A Family of Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:7153. [PMID: 34885734 PMCID: PMC8658791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad antibacterial spectrum, high oral bioavailability and excellent tissue penetration combined with safety and few, yet rare, unwanted effects, have made the quinolones class of antimicrobials one of the most used in inpatients and outpatients. Initially discovered during the search for improved chloroquine-derivative molecules with increased anti-malarial activity, today the quinolones, intended as antimicrobials, comprehend four generations that progressively have been extending antimicrobial spectrum and clinical use. The quinolone class of antimicrobials exerts its antimicrobial actions through inhibiting DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase IV that in turn inhibits synthesis of DNA and RNA. Good distribution through different tissues and organs to treat Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have made quinolones a good choice to treat disease in both humans and animals. The extensive use of quinolones, in both human health and in the veterinary field, has induced a rise of resistance and menace with leaving the quinolones family ineffective to treat infections. This review revises the evolution of quinolones structures, biological activity, and the clinical importance of this evolving family. Next, updated information regarding the mechanism of antimicrobial activity is revised. The veterinary use of quinolones in animal productions is also considered for its environmental role in spreading resistance. Finally, considerations for the use of quinolones in human and veterinary medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Millanao
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Farmacia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Aracely Y. Mora
- Programa de Doctorado en Bioquímica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
| | - Nicolás A. Villagra
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile;
| | - Sergio A. Bucarey
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | - Alejandro A. Hidalgo
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile
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Assimon MM, Pun PH, Wang LCH, Al-Khatib SM, Brookhart MA, Weber DJ, Winkelmayer WC, Flythe JE. Analysis of Respiratory Fluoroquinolones and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 7:75-83. [PMID: 34668928 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Importance Respiratory fluoroquinolone antibiotics are some of the most common medications with QT interval-prolonging potential prescribed to patients with hemodialysis-dependent kidney failure-individuals who have a very high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). To date, there have been no large-scale, population-specific studies evaluating the cardiac safety of respiratory fluoroquinolones in the hemodialysis population. Objective To investigate the cardiac safety of respiratory fluoroquinolones among individuals with hemodialysis-dependent kidney failure. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective cohort study examining safety using an active comparator new-user design was conducted using administrative claims data from a US-wide kidney failure registry from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2016, including 264 968 Medicare beneficiaries receiving in-center maintenance hemodialysis. Data analysis was performed from January 4 to August 16, 2021. Exposures Respiratory fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin or moxifloxacin) vs amoxicillin-based (amoxicillin or amoxicillin with clavulanic acid) antibiotic treatment. Main Outcomes and Measures Sudden cardiac death within 5 days of outpatient initiation of a study antibiotic. Inverse probability of treatment-weighted survival models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), risk differences (RDs), and corresponding 95% CIs. Death due to a cause other than SCD was treated as a competing event. Fracture was considered as a negative control outcome. Results The study cohort included 264 968 unique in-center hemodialysis patients and 626 322 study antibiotic treatment episodes: 251 726 respiratory fluoroquinolone treatment episodes (40.2%) and 374 596 amoxicillin-based treatment episodes (59.8%). Of the 264 968 patients, 135 236 (51.0%) were men, and the mean (SD) age was 61 (15) years. Respiratory fluoroquinolone vs amoxicillin-based antibiotic treatment was associated with a higher relative and absolute 5-day risk of SCD (weighted HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.57-2.41; and weighted RD per 100 000 treatment episodes, 44.0; 95% CI, 31.0-59.2). Respiratory fluoroquinolone vs amoxicillin-based antibiotic treatment was not associated with the 5-day risk of fracture. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, compared with amoxicillin-based antibiotic treatment, respiratory fluoroquinolone treatment was associated with a higher short-term risk of SCD among patients with hemodialysis-dependent kidney failure. This finding suggests that decisions between the use of respiratory fluoroquinolones and amoxicillin-based antibiotics should be individualized, with prescribers considering both the clinical benefits and potential cardiac risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene M Assimon
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | - Patrick H Pun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lily Chin-Hua Wang
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Sana M Al-Khatib
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - M Alan Brookhart
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David J Weber
- Division of Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wolfgang C Winkelmayer
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer E Flythe
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill.,Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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Grosu-Creangă IA, Trofor AC, Crișan-Dabija RA, Robu-Popa D, Ghiciuc CM, Lupușoru EC. Adverse effects induced by second-line antituberculosis drugs: an update based on last WHO treatment recommendations for drug-resistant tuberculosis. PNEUMOLOGIA 2021; 70:117-126. [DOI: 10.2478/pneum-2022-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), a common condition worldwide, is still among the main infectious diseases with high mortality rates, both in adults and infants. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) drugs, revised by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, are a prolonged and complex therapy associated with many adverse drug effects (ADEs).
Aim: To systematically review the ADEs of second-line anti-TB drugs reported in multicentric studies published after the latest WHO guidelines, compared with those from clinical trials published before 2018.
Material and methods: A PubMed search, using keywords (TB OR DR-TB) AND (adverse effects) AND “second-line anti-TB drugs”, resulted in 56 studies. Only two studies, published after the last update of WHO guidelines in 2018, reported ADEs.
Results: A total of 223 participants were included in the two selected studies. The use of multidrug regimens has been associated with an increased incidence of ADEs: 42 ADEs were recorded in 30 patients (26.3%) in the first study, while all patients had at least one ADE that occurred or worsened during treatment; and 19 (17%) had severe ADEs in the second study. However, both studies had a good favourable outcome rate (90% and 79.8%, respectively). Gastrointestinal disturbances, hepatotoxicity, headache and dizziness are the most common ADEs induced by a majority of second-line DR-TB treatments. A special attention should be given in the case of association of drugs determining QT interval (QT) prolongation on electrocardiogram, or psychiatric disorders.
Conclusions: Proper strategies about ADE management have to be planned for timely detection of the possible ADEs that can be induced by second-line anti-TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela-Alina Grosu-Creangă
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases , Iaşi , Romania
| | - Antigona Carmen Trofor
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases , Iaşi , Romania
| | - Radu Adrian Crișan-Dabija
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases , Iaşi , Romania
| | - Daniela Robu-Popa
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases , Iaşi , Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II – Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology at “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
| | - Elena Cătălina Lupușoru
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II – Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology at “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași , Romania
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Majalekar PP, Shirote PJ. Fluoroquinolones: Blessings Or Curses. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:1354-1370. [PMID: 32564750 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200621193355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are one of the world's most valuable and popularly used categories of antimicrobial agents. This paper attempts to review the substantial progress of fluoroquinolones from their discovery to black box warning. Antibiotic drug choice will remain difficult in the presence of increasing resistance, but the introduction of fluoroquinolones has created a new and exciting era in antimicrobial treatment. These are a synthetic heterogeneous group of compounds used in both hospital and community practices to treat numerous severe infections. The era of quinolone antibiotics began with the serendipitous discovery of the quinolone prototype in 1962. The chronological development of fluoroquinolone reported that nalidixic acid was the first quinolone that gained popular choice for the treatment of urinary tract infection. The subsequent agents like levofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, clinafloxacin, sparfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were derived through side chain and nuclear manipulation from basic pharmacophore. The fluoroquinolone motifs have been found as a milestone, effective in certain infections that are respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, bone disorders, meningococcal and mycobacterial infections, sexually transmitted diseases, skin infections, etc. Fluoroquinolones are first entirely man-made antibiotics that exhibit antibacterial activity through the inhibition of topoisomerase II, topoisomerase IV and deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase, which is vital for chromosome replication and function. The post-marketing surveillance pointed out the favorable side effects associated with fluoroquinolones such as phototoxicity, QT interval prolongation and anaphylaxis. The discovery, development and clinical use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the last century contributed to a decline in morbidity and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka P Majalekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli. Shivaji University, Sangli - 416416, India
| | - Pramodkumar J Shirote
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Arvind Gavali College of Pharmacy, Satara Shivaji University, Satara- 415015, India
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12
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Rusu A, Lungu IA, Moldovan OL, Tanase C, Hancu G. Structural Characterization of the Millennial Antibacterial (Fluoro)Quinolones-Shaping the Fifth Generation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081289. [PMID: 34452252 PMCID: PMC8399897 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the class of antibacterial quinolones includes the introduction in therapy of highly successful compounds. Although many representatives were withdrawn due to severe adverse reactions, a few representatives have proven their therapeutical value over time. The classification of antibacterial quinolones into generations is a valuable tool for physicians, pharmacists, and researchers. In addition, the transition from one generation to another has brought new representatives with improved properties. In the last two decades, several representatives of antibacterial quinolones received approval for therapy. This review sets out to chronologically outline the group of approved antibacterial quinolones since 2000. Special attention is given to eight representatives: besifloxacin, delafoxacin, finafloxacin, lascufloxacin, nadifloxacin and levonadifloxacin, nemonoxacin, and zabofloxacin. These compounds have been characterized regarding physicochemical properties, formulations, antibacterial activity spectrum and advantageous structural characteristics related to antibacterial efficiency. At present these new compounds (with the exception of nadifloxacin) are reported differently, most often in the fourth generation and less frequently in a new generation (the fifth). Although these new compounds' mechanism does not contain essential new elements, the question of shaping a new generation (the fifth) arises, based on higher potency and broad spectrum of activity, including resistant bacterial strains. The functional groups that ensured the biological activity, good pharmacokinetic properties and a safety profile were highlighted. In addition, these new representatives have a low risk of determining bacterial resistance. Several positive aspects are added to the fourth fluoroquinolones generation, characteristics that can be the basis of the fifth generation. Antibacterial quinolones class continues to acquire new compounds with antibacterial potential, among other effects. Numerous derivatives, hybrids or conjugates are currently in various stages of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Rusu
- Pharmaceutical and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.R.); (G.H.)
| | - Ioana-Andreea Lungu
- The Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.-A.L.); (O.-L.M.)
| | - Octavia-Laura Moldovan
- The Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.-A.L.); (O.-L.M.)
| | - Corneliu Tanase
- Pharmaceutical Botany Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-744-215-543
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Pharmaceutical and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.R.); (G.H.)
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13
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Xiao M, Huang X. Unmasking antibiotic-associated neurological disorders: The underminer in Intensive Care Unit. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 91:131-135. [PMID: 34373018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis is a common and intractable disorder of hospitalization, especially in patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Along with the widely use of multiple antibiotics in community-acquired infection and hospital-acquired infection, the occurrence of antibiotic-associated neurological disorders has become more frequently. However, antibiotic neurotoxicity is often overlooked or misinterpreted. In this review, we summarized the neurological disorders caused by antibacterial agent usage and firstly systematically formulated the pathogenesis of antibiotic-associated neurotoxic reactions. Precautions of the complications are critical in preventing serious clinical outcome as the inducement is curable. Regular neurological physical examination, electroencephalogram (EEG) examination, lumbar puncture and therapeutic drug monitoring closely are essential for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjia Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yueyang, Yueyang, China.
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14
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Han J, Kiss L, Mei H, Remete AM, Ponikvar-Svet M, Sedgwick DM, Roman R, Fustero S, Moriwaki H, Soloshonok VA. Chemical Aspects of Human and Environmental Overload with Fluorine. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4678-4742. [PMID: 33723999 PMCID: PMC8945431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 100-120 years, due to the ever-increasing importance of fluorine-containing compounds in modern technology and daily life, the explosive development of the fluorochemical industry led to an enormous increase of emission of fluoride ions into the biosphere. This made it more and more important to understand the biological activities, metabolism, degradation, and possible environmental hazards of such substances. This comprehensive and critical review focuses on the effects of fluoride ions and organofluorine compounds (mainly pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals) on human health and the environment. To give a better overview, various connected topics are also discussed: reasons and trends of the advance of fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, metabolism of fluorinated drugs, withdrawn fluorinated drugs, natural sources of organic and inorganic fluorine compounds in the environment (including the biosphere), sources of fluoride intake, and finally biomarkers of fluoride exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Loránd Kiss
- University
of Szeged, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Haibo Mei
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Attila Márió Remete
- University
of Szeged, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maja Ponikvar-Svet
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova
cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniel Mark Sedgwick
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Raquel Roman
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Hiroki Moriwaki
- Hamari
Chemicals Ltd., 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-0034, Japan
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department
of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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15
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Jalageri MD, Nagaraja A, Puttaiahgowda YM. Piperazine based antimicrobial polymers: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15213-15230. [PMID: 35424074 PMCID: PMC8698587 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00341k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections are a life threatening concern in several areas, which include the biomedical sector, healthcare products, water purification systems, and food packaging. Polymers with low molecular weight bioactive agents or disinfectants help the scientific community to reduce the lethality rate caused by pathogenic microbes. Antimicrobial polymeric approach is one of the advanced approaches made by researchers in concern with the problems associated with small molecules that restrict their applications in broad spectrum. History reveals the synthesis of numerous antimicrobial polymers using various antimicrobial agents but lacks the use of piperazine molecule, which is of pharmaceutical importance. This review gives an insight into the current and future perspective for the development of piperazine-based antimicrobial polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohara Dhulappa Jalageri
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576 104 India
| | - Akshatha Nagaraja
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576 104 India
| | - Yashoda Malgar Puttaiahgowda
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576 104 India
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16
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Enantiomeric resolution of quinolones on crown ether CSP: Thermodynamics, chiral discrimination mechanism and application in biological samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1166:122550. [PMID: 33545563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomers of quinolone racemates were resolved using chiral crown ether within 8 min. Thermodynamics data and modeling results were used to determine chiral recognition mechanism. The column used was (+)-Crownpack column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with three mobile phases I: ACN:Water (80:20) + 10 mM H2SO4 and 10 mM CH3COONH4, II: ACN:Water (80:20) + 20 mM perchloric acid and III: EtOH:Water (80:20) + 20 mM perchloric acid. The flow rate of the mobile phases was 1.0 mL/min with UV detection at different wavelengths. The ranges of retention (k), separation (α), and resolution (Rs) factors were 1.00-5.40, 1.37-2.00 and 1.50-3.30. The tailing factor was 1.o for all peaks with 900-2325 as the number of theoretical plates were 8.0-10.0 and 32.4-22.1 µg. The difference in enthalpy, entropy and free energy varied in the range of -0.350 to -0.024, 18.74 × 10-4 to 3.94 × 10-4 and -0.918 to -0.143, respectively. The thermodynamic and docking results showed chiral discrimination due to physical forces of amnio group cations penetration into the chiral cavity of the chiral selector following hydrogen bindings. The binding energy of S-enantiomers was higher than R-enantiomers; confirming stronger binding of S-enantiomers with CSP than R-enantiomers. The described chiral-HPLC method was used for the analysis of the quinolone enantiomers in urine samples and the results were quite satisfactory. Therefore, the reported method may be used for the enantiomeric separation of quinolone enantiomers in urine samples.
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17
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Xian Z, Liang S, Jin X, Tian H, Ling J, Wang C. Application of Fe III-TAML/H 2O 2 system for treatment of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 99:110-118. [PMID: 33183688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the recent past, fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) have raised extensive attention due to their potential to induce the formation of resistance genes and "superbugs", thus various advanced oxidation techniques have been developed to eliminate their release into the environment. In the present study, the prototype tetraamido macrocyclic ligand (FeIII-TAML)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) system is employed to degrade FQs (i.e., norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin) over a wide pH range (i.e., pH 6-10), and the reaction rate increases with the increase in pH level. The effect of dosage of FeIII-TAML and H2O2 on the degradation of FQs is evaluated, and the reaction rate is linearly correlated with the added amount of chemicals. Moreover, the impact of natural organic matters (NOM) on the removal of FQs is investigated, and the degradation kinetics show that both NOM type and experimental concentration exhibit negligible influence on the oxidative degradation of selected antibiotics. Based on the results of liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations, the reaction sites and pathways of FQs by FeIII-TAML/H2O2 system are further predicted and elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sijia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haoting Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resource and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China.
| | - Jingyi Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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18
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Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens can permanently colonize their host and establish either chronic or recurrent infections that the immune system and antimicrobial therapies fail to eradicate. Antibiotic persisters (persister cells) are believed to be among the factors that make these infections challenging. Persisters are subpopulations of bacteria which survive treatment with bactericidal antibiotics in otherwise antibiotic-sensitive cultures and were extensively studied in a hope to discover the mechanisms that cause treatment failures in chronically infected patients; however, most of these studies were conducted in the test tube. Research into antibiotic persistence has uncovered large intrapopulation heterogeneity of bacterial growth and regrowth but has not identified essential, dedicated molecular mechanisms of antibiotic persistence. Diverse factors and stresses that inhibit bacterial growth reduce killing of the bulk population and may also increase the persister subpopulation, implying that an array of mechanisms are present. Hopefully, further studies under conditions that simulate the key aspects of persistent infections will lead to identifying target mechanisms for effective therapeutic solutions.
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19
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ALOthman ZA, ALanazi AG, Suhail M, Ali I. HPLC enantio-separation and chiral recognition mechanism of quinolones on vancomycin CSP. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1157:122335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Duprey A, Groisman EA. DNA supercoiling differences in bacteria result from disparate DNA gyrase activation by polyamines. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009085. [PMID: 33125364 PMCID: PMC7598504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA supercoiling is essential for all living cells because it controls all processes involving DNA. In bacteria, global DNA supercoiling results from the opposing activities of topoisomerase I, which relaxes DNA, and DNA gyrase, which compacts DNA. These enzymes are widely conserved, sharing >91% amino acid identity between the closely related species Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Why, then, do E. coli and Salmonella exhibit different DNA supercoiling when experiencing the same conditions? We now report that this surprising difference reflects disparate activation of their DNA gyrases by the polyamine spermidine and its precursor putrescine. In vitro, Salmonella DNA gyrase activity was sensitive to changes in putrescine concentration within the physiological range, whereas activity of the E. coli enzyme was not. In vivo, putrescine activated the Salmonella DNA gyrase and spermidine the E. coli enzyme. High extracellular Mg2+ decreased DNA supercoiling exclusively in Salmonella by reducing the putrescine concentration. Our results establish the basis for the differences in global DNA supercoiling between E. coli and Salmonella, define a signal transduction pathway regulating DNA supercoiling, and identify potential targets for antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Duprey
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Eduardo A. Groisman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, West Haven, CT, United States of America
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21
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Wang M, Theis T, Kabat M, Loers G, Agre LA, Schachner M. Functions of Small Organic Compounds that Mimic the HNK-1 Glycan. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197018. [PMID: 32987628 PMCID: PMC7582369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the importance of the HNK-1 carbohydrate for preferential motor reinnervation after injury of the femoral nerve in mammals, we screened NIH Clinical Collection 1 and 2 Libraries and a Natural Product library comprising small organic compounds for identification of pharmacologically useful reagents. The reason for this attempt was to obviate the difficult chemical synthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate and its isolation from natural sources, with the hope to render such compounds clinically useful. We identified six compounds that enhanced neurite outgrowth from cultured spinal motor neurons at nM concentrations and increased their neurite diameter, but not their neurite branch points. Axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons did not respond to these compounds, a feature that is in agreement with their biological role after injury. We refer to the positive functions of some of these compounds in animal models of injury and delineate the intracellular signaling responses elicited by application of compounds to cultured murine central nervous system neurons. Altogether, these results point to the potential of the HNK-1 carbohydrate mimetics in clinically-oriented settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjuan Wang
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA; (M.W.); (T.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Thomas Theis
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA; (M.W.); (T.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Maciej Kabat
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA; (M.W.); (T.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Lynn A. Agre
- Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Statistics and Rutgers Business School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA; (M.W.); (T.T.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-848-445-1780
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22
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Abstract
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of antibiotics treatment versus placebo, no intervention, or another antibiotic for people with cholecystitis or cholangitis, or both.
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23
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El-Shazly KA, El-Latif AA, Abdo W, El-Morsey A, El-Aziz MIA, El-Mogazy H. The anticoccidial activity of the fluoroquinolone lomefloxacin against experimental Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1955-1968. [PMID: 32399722 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a crucial parasitic disease of the poultry industry. As a result of the enormous global economic losses and the increased resistance to the conventional anticoccidial agents, there is a continuous need to find new anticoccidials. Here, the anticoccidial effect of the fluoroquinolone lomefloxacin versus diclazuril in experimentally infected broilers was tested for the treatment of Eimeria tenella infection. Ninety 14-day-old Cobb strain broiler chickens were allocated into five groups, each with 18 chicks. Group 1 (G1) was separated as an uninfected negative control and received no treatment; group 2 (G2), infected untreated (positive control); group 3 (G3), infected and treated with lomefloxacin at a dose rate of 100 ppm in drinking water; group 4 (G4), infected and treated with diclazuril at a dose rate of 2.5 ppm in drinking water; group 5 (G5), infected and treated with lomefloxacin at a dose rate of 100 ppm plus diclazuril at dose rate of 2.5 ppm in drinking water. Clinical signs, mortality rates, number of oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG), growth performance parameters (weight gain: WG and feed conversion ratio: FCR), lesion scoring, haematological and serum biochemical analyses, antioxidant biomarkers and histopathologic inspection of the caeca were used as evaluation criteria for the anticoccidial efficacy of both lomefloxacin and diclazuril. The findings herein showed that administration of lomefloxacin and/or diclazuril improved growth performance parameters (WG, FCR) and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced OPG, and diminished the severity of bloody diarrhoea and mortalities. Additionally, haematological indices and serum biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine, uric acid, total proteins, albumin and globulin were improved. Finally, a significant elevation in the levels of the antioxidant biomarkers was observed in the chicks of G3, G4 and G5 as compared with those of G2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Ahmed El-Shazly
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, KafrElsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Amera Abd El-Latif
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, KafrElsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, KafrElsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Morsey
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Magdy Ibrahim Abd El-Aziz
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, KafrElsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Heba El-Mogazy
- Poultry Production and Medicine Unit, Veterinary Administration, Kafr El-Sheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh Province, Egypt
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24
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Bortoletti M, Molinari S, Fasolato L, Ugolotti J, Tolosi R, Venerando A, Radaelli G, Bertotto D, De Liguoro M, Salviulo G, Zboril R, Vianello F, Magro M. Nano-immobilized flumequine with preserved antibacterial efficacy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 191:111019. [PMID: 32305623 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Flumequine was nano-immobilized by self-assembly on iron oxide nanoparticles, called surface active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs). The binding process was studied and the resulting core-shell nanocarrier (SAMN@FLU) was structurally characterized evidencing a firmly immobilized organic canopy on which the fluorine atom of the antibiotic was exposed to the solvent. The antibiotic efficacy of the SAMN@FLU nanocarrier was tested on a fish pathogenic bacterium (Aeromonas veronii), a flumequine sensitive strain, in comparison to soluble flumequine and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed. Noteworthy, the MIC and MBC of soluble and nanoparticle bound drug were superimposable. Moreover, the interactions between SAMN@FLU nanocarrrier and microorganism were studied by transmission electron microscopy evidencing the ability of the complex to disrupt the bacterial wall. Finally, a preliminary in vivo test was provided using Daphnia magna as animal model. SAMN@FLU was able to protect the crustacean from the fatal consequences of a bacterial infection and showed no sign of toxicity. Thus, in contrast with the strength of the interaction, nano-immobilized FLU displayed a fully preserved antimicrobial activity suggesting the crucial role of fluorine in the drug mechanism of action. Besides the importance for potential applications in aquaculture, the present study contributes to the nascent field of nanoantibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bortoletti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Agripolis Campus, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Simone Molinari
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padua, via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Luca Fasolato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Agripolis Campus, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Juri Ugolotti
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Roberta Tolosi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Agripolis Campus, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Andrea Venerando
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Agripolis Campus, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Radaelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Agripolis Campus, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Daniela Bertotto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Agripolis Campus, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Marco De Liguoro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Agripolis Campus, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Salviulo
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padua, via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Agripolis Campus, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Magro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Agripolis Campus, University of Padua, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
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25
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Eljaaly K, Alkhalaf A, Alhifany AA, Alshibani M. Photosensitivity induced by lomefloxacin versus other fluoroquinolones: A meta-analysis. J Infect Chemother 2020; 26:535-539. [PMID: 32081646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lomefloxacin may be more likely than other fluoroquinolones to cause photosensitivity. However, the rate of photosensitivity is variable and a meta-analysis has yet to be performed. The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the rate of photosensitivity between outpatients who received lomefloxacin and those who received other fluoroquinolones. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases and trial registries were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of outpatients through June 12, 2019. The study outcome was the rate of photosensitivity based on the intention-to-treat principle, estimated by risk difference (RD) as the primary analysis and Peto odds ratio (Peto OR) as the secondary analysis, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models. Four RCTs (total of 2295 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. A statistically higher risk of photosensitivity was found with lomefloxacin than with other fluoroquinolones (RD, 3.4%; 95% CI, 0.7%-6.2%; P-value = 0.013; I2 = 10.9%). The odds of photosensitivity was also significantly higher with lomefloxacin (Peto OR, 5.81; 95% CI, 3.34 to 10.11; P-value <0.001; I2 = 0%). This meta-analysis of RCTs found significantly higher photosensitivity with lomefloxacin compared to other fluoroquinolones. Considering this finding and given its lack of additional efficacy compared to other fluoroquinolones, lomefloxacin as a fluoroquinolone option should potentially be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Eljaaly
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacy Practice and Science Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Amina Alkhalaf
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alhifany
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad Alshibani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacy Practice and Science Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Pham TDM, Ziora ZM, Blaskovich MAT. Quinolone antibiotics. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1719-1739. [PMID: 31803393 PMCID: PMC6836748 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00120d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The quinolone antibiotics arose in the early 1960s, with the first examples possessing a narrow-spectrum of activity with unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties. Over time, the development of new quinolone antibiotics has led to improved analogues with an expanded spectrum and high efficacy. Nowadays, quinolones are widely used for treating a variety of infections. Quinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including mycobacteria, and anaerobes. They exert their actions by inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis through disrupting the enzymes topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase, and by causing breakage of bacterial chromosomes. However, bacteria have acquired resistance to quinolones, similar to other antibacterial agents, due to the overuse of these drugs. Mechanisms contributing to quinolone resistance are mediated by chromosomal mutations and/or plasmid gene uptake that alter the topoisomerase targets, modify the quinolone, and/or reduce drug accumulation by either decreased uptake or increased efflux. This review discusses the development of this class of antibiotics in terms of potency, pharmacokinetics and toxicity, along with the resistance mechanisms which reduce the quinolones' activity against pathogens. Potential strategies for future generations of quinolone antibiotics with enhanced activity against resistant strains are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu D M Pham
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Zyta M Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
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Abstract
While the description of resistance to quinolones is almost as old as these antimicrobial agents themselves, transferable mechanisms of quinolone resistance (TMQR) remained absent from the scenario for more than 36 years, appearing first as sporadic events and afterward as epidemics. In 1998, the first TMQR was soundly described, that is, QnrA. The presence of QnrA was almost anecdotal for years, but in the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, there was an explosion of TMQR descriptions, which definitively changed the epidemiology of quinolone resistance. Currently, 3 different clinically relevant mechanisms of quinolone resistance are encoded within mobile elements: (i) target protection, which is mediated by 7 different families of Qnr (QnrA, QnrB, QnrC, QnrD, QnrE, QnrS, and QnrVC), which overall account for more than 100 recognized alleles; (ii) antibiotic efflux, which is mediated by 2 main transferable efflux pumps (QepA and OqxAB), which together account for more than 30 alleles, and a series of other efflux pumps (e.g., QacBIII), which at present have been sporadically described; and (iii) antibiotic modification, which is mediated by the enzymes AAC(6')Ib-cr, from which different alleles have been claimed, as well as CrpP, a newly described phosphorylase.
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Naushad M, Rajendran S, Gracia F, Thangarajan S, Balasubramanian J, Li Y, Gajendran B. Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial Applications and Its Prospects. ADVANCED NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION 2019; 25. [PMCID: PMC7123839 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04477-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanomaterials [NPs; size, 1–100 nm] have emerged as unique antimicrobial agents. Specially, several classes of antimicrobial NPs and nanosized carriers for antibiotic delivery have proven their efficacy for handling infectious diseases, including antibiotic-resistant ones, in vitro as well as in animal models, which can offer better therapy than classical drugs due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio, resulting in appearance of new mechanical, chemical, electrical, optical, magnetic, electro-optical, and magneto-optical properties, unlike from their bulk properties. Thus, scientifically NPs have been validated to be fascinating in fighting bacteria. In this chapter, we will discuss precise properties of microorganisms and their modifications among each strain specifically. The toxicity mechanisms vary from one stain to another. Even the NP’s efficacy to treat against bacteria and drug-resistant bacteria and their defense mechanisms change according to strains in particular composition of cell walls, the enzymic composition, and so on. Thus, we provide an outlook on NPs in the microbial world and mechanism to overcome the drug resistance by tagging antibiotics in NPs and its future prospects for the scientific world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu. Naushad
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- grid.412182.c0000 0001 2179 0636Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Francisco Gracia
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sinclair K, Emerson JA, Tanaka T. Atlantoaxial Instability Resulting in Intractable Nausea in a Person with C5 Complete Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Report. PM R 2019; 11:440-445. [PMID: 30779866 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have altered neurophysiology and present with symptoms that must be interpreted in the context of their specific neurologic injury. This is a case of a 16-year-old female adolescent with C5 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A SCI who presented with intractable nausea. Multiple etiologies for her nausea, including medication effect, metabolic and gastrointestinal disorders, autonomic dysreflexia, and mood disorder, were systematically ruled out. Due to the persistence of the patient's symptoms and suboptimal progression in her rehabilitation, a central nervous system etiology was investigated. Ultimately, atlantoaxial instability with odontoid compression on the medulla was identified and her refractory nausea resolved following an occiput to C2 fusion. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of atlantoaxial instability causing intractable nausea due to brain stem compression in a patient with SCI. Level of Evidence: V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Sinclair
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Jane A Emerson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Missouri School Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212
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Enoxacin and bis-enoxacin stimulate 4T1 murine breast cancer cells to release extracellular vesicles that inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16182. [PMID: 30385810 PMCID: PMC6212457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enoxacin and its bone-seeking bisphosphonate derivative, bis-enoxacin, have recently captured attention as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer and bone disease. No differences in growth or survival of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells were detected at a concentration of 50 µM of enoxacin or bis-enoxacin. Growth was perturbed at higher concentrations. Both 50 µM enoxacin and bis-enoxacin stimulated increases in the number of GW/Processing bodies, but there were minimal changes in microRNA levels. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from 4T1 cells treated with 50 µM enoxacin or 50 µM bis-enoxacin stimulated proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells, and both significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis in calcitriol-stimulated mouse marrow. EVs from 4T1 cells treated with enoxacin and bis-enoxacin displayed small reductions in the amount of microRNA (miR)-146a-5p and let-7b-5p. In marked contrast, miR-214-3p, which has been shown to regulate bone remodeling, was increased 22-fold and 30-fold respectively. We conclude that enoxacin and bis-enoxacin trigger the release of EVs from 4T1 cancer cells that inhibit osteoclastogenesis.
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Ezelarab HAA, Abbas SH, Hassan HA, Abuo-Rahma GEDA. Recent updates of fluoroquinolones as antibacterial agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800141. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hend A. A. Ezelarab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Minia University; Minia Egypt
| | - Samar H. Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Minia University; Minia Egypt
| | - Heba A. Hassan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Minia University; Minia Egypt
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Nabeel AI, Moawed FSM, Hassan H. Immunomodulatory effect of new quinolone derivative against cisplatin/gamma radiation-induced renal and brain toxicity in mice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 184:54-60. [PMID: 29803073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of cancer often requires exposure to radiation, which has several limitations involving non-specific toxicity toward normal cells, reducing the efficacy of treatment. Recent studies synthesize new quinolone derivatives to satisfy other purposes such as treatment of inflammatory and malignant diseases. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of a new quinolone derivative; 2-(1-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid (EHQA) and its possible mechanism against gamma radiation (IRR) and cisplatin (Cis) induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in mice. The structure of the newly synthesized quinolone derivative was elucidated by microanalytical and spectral data, which were found consistent with the assigned structures. Exposure to Cis and IRR significantly induced renal damage manifested by a significant increase in levels of urea and creatinine. Moreover, the exposure to both Cis and IRR significantly decreased the levels of anti-apoptotic protein; Bcl-2 in both renal and brain tissue homogenate accompanied by activation of an inflammatory marker; IL-17. Immunophenoting results showed an activation of T- lymphocytes marker; CD3 and B-lymphocytes marker; CD19. Interperitonial administration of EHQA significantly ameliorated the above-mentioned parameters. Overall, the present results indicated that EHQA is a promising anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agent. From the obtained results it can be concluded that EHQA could be a candidate as immunomodulatory agents. Further studies are required to establish its molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa I Nabeel
- Biochemistry laboratory, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Fatma S M Moawed
- Radiation Physics Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt. B. O. Box: 29, Nasr City, Egypt.
| | - Heba Hassan
- Organic Chemistry laboratory, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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Lee H, Kang B, Choi JY, Park S, Lee MS, Lee JA. Eunkyosan for treatment of the common cold: A protocol for the systematic review of controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0527. [PMID: 29718842 PMCID: PMC6392552 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eunkyosan (EKS) is widely used for common colds in East Asian countries. Many clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of EKS formula for the treatment of common colds have been reported. This review will assess the clinical evidence for and against the use of EKS formula as a treatment for common colds. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Fourteen databases will be searched from inception until March 2018. We will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing EKS decoctions for any type of common cold. All RCTs of decoctions or modified decoctions will be included. The methodological qualities of the RCTs will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias, while confidence in the cumulative evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) instrument. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will also be disseminated electronically and in print. The review will be updated to inform and guide healthcare practices.Registration number: CRD42018087694.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesol Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Bohyung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jun-Yong Choi
- Korean Medicine Hospital of Pusan National University, Yangsan
| | - Sunju Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University
| | | | - Ju Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
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Holliday LS. Vacuolar H +-ATPases (V-ATPases) as therapeutic targets: a brief review and recent developments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1. [PMID: 30957075 DOI: 10.21037/biotarget.2017.12.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are multi-subunit enzymes that play housekeeping roles in eukaryotic cells by acidifying lysosomes, late endosomes, Golgi, and other membrane-bounded compartments. Beyond that, V-ATPases have specialized functions in certain cell types linked to diseases including osteoporosis and cancer. Efforts to identify strategies to develop inhibitors selective for V-ATPases that are involved in disease progression have been ongoing for more than two decades, but so far have not yielded a therapeutic agent that has been translated to the clinic. Recent basic science studies have identified unexpected roles for V-ATPases in nutrient and energy sensing, and renin/angiotensin signaling, which offer additional incentives for considering V-ATPases as therapeutic targets. This article briefly reviews efforts to utilize inhibitors of V-ATPases as drugs. Primary focus is on recent "rational" efforts to identify small molecule inhibitors of the V-ATPases that are selectively expressed in osteoclasts and cancer cells. Enoxacin and bis-enoxacin are two molecules that emerged from these efforts. These molecules block a binding interaction between V-ATPases and microfilaments that occurs in osteoclasts, but not most other cell types, which relates to the specialized function of V-ATPases in bone resorption. Enoxacin and bis-enoxacin have proven useful in the treatment of bone diseases and cancer in animal models and display therapeutic effects that are different, and perhaps better, than current drugs. These results provide evidence that agents targeting subsets of V-ATPases may prove useful in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shannon Holliday
- Departments of Orthodontics and Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Le-Deygen IM, Skuredina AA, Kudryashova EV. Drug delivery systems for fluoroquinolones: New prospects in tuberculosis treatment. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162017050077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Le-Deygen IM, Skuredina AA, Uporov IV, Kudryashova EV. Thermodynamics and molecular insight in guest–host complexes of fluoroquinolones with β-cyclodextrin derivatives, as revealed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and molecular modeling experiments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6451-6462. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rhodiolae Kirliowii Radix et Rhizoma and Crataegus pinnatifida Fructus Extracts Effectively Inhibit BK Virus and JC Virus Infection of Host Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5620867. [PMID: 28757888 PMCID: PMC5512047 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5620867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human polyomaviruses BK (BKPyV) and JC (JCPyV) are ubiquitous pathogens long associated with severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. BKPyV causes polyomavirus-associated nephropathy and hemorrhagic cystitis, whereas JCPyV is the causative agent of the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. No effective therapies targeting these viruses are currently available. The goal of this study was to identify Chinese medicinal herbs with antiviral activity against BKPyV and JCPyV. We screened extracts of Chinese medicinal herbs for the ability to inhibit hemagglutination by BKPyV and JCPyV virus-like particles (VLPs) and the ability to inhibit BKPyV and JCPyV binding and infection of host cells. Two of the 40 herbal extracts screened, Rhodiolae Kirliowii Radix et Rhizoma and Crataegus pinnatifida Fructus, had hemagglutination inhibition activity on BKPyV and JCPyV VLPs and further inhibited infection of the cells by BKPyV and JCPyV, as evidenced by reduced expression of viral proteins in BKPyV-infected and JCPyV-infected cells after treatment with Rhodiolae Kirliowii Radix et Rhizoma or Crataegus pinnatifida Fructus extract. The results in this work show that both Rhodiolae Kirliowii Radix et Rhizoma and Crataegus pinnatifida Fructus may be sources of potential antiviral compounds for treating BKPyV and JCPyV infections.
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Mukunzi D, Isanga J, Suryoprabowo S, Liu L, Kuang H. Rapid and sensitive immunoassays for the detection of lomefloxacin and related drug residues in bovine milk samples. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1306495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mukunzi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Joel Isanga
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven Suryoprabowo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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Brent J, Burkhart K, Dargan P, Hatten B, Megarbane B, Palmer R, White J. Adverse Drug Reactions in the Intensive Care Unit. CRITICAL CARE TOXICOLOGY 2017. [PMCID: PMC7153447 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17900-1_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are undesirable effects of medications used in normal doses [1]. ADRs can occur during treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) or result in ICU admissions. A meta-analysis of 4139 studies suggests the incidence of ADRs among hospitalized patients is 17% [2]. Because of underreporting and misdiagnosis, the incidence of ADRs may be much higher and has been reported to be as high as 36% [3]. Critically ill patients are at especially high risk because of medical complexity, numerous high-alert medications, complex and often challenging drug dosing and medication regimens, and opportunity for error related to the distractions of the ICU environment [4]. Table 1 summarizes the ADRs included in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Brent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado USA
| | - Keith Burkhart
- FDA, Office of New Drugs/Immediate Office, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland USA
| | - Paul Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, St Thomas’ Hospital, Silver Spring, Maryland USA
| | - Benjamin Hatten
- Toxicology Associates, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado USA
| | - Bruno Megarbane
- Medical Toxicological Intensive Care Unit, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Robert Palmer
- Toxicology Associates, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado USA
| | - Julian White
- Toxinology Department, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia Australia
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Quinolone antibiotics and suicidal behavior: analysis of the World Health Organization's adverse drug reactions database and discussion of potential mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2503-11. [PMID: 27113226 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Several case-reports suggest that the use of quinolones may increase the risk of psychiatric adverse reactions such as suicidal behaviors. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a safety signal for quinolone-related suicidal behaviors in a global adverse drug reactions database. METHODS All antibiotic-related adverse reactions were extracted from VigiBase, the World Health Organization (WHO) global Individual Case Safety Report (ICSR) database. Disproportionality analyses were performed to investigate the association between reports of suicidal behavior and exposure to quinolones, in comparison with other antibiotics. RESULTS From December 1970 through January 2015, we identified 992,097 antibiotic-related adverse reactions. Among them, 608 were quinolone-related suicidal behaviors including 97 cases of completed suicides. There was increased reporting of suicidal behavior (adjusted reporting odds ratios [ROR] 2.78, 95 % CI 2.51-3.08) with quinolones as compared to other antibiotics. Candidate mechanisms for quinolone-induced suicidal behaviors include GABAA antagonism, activation of NMDA receptors, decreased serotonin levels, oxidative stress, and altered microRNA expressions. CONCLUSIONS We found a strong safety signal suggesting an increased risk of suicidal behaviors associated with quinolone use. Plausible psychopharmacological mechanisms could underlie this association. Further investigations are urgent to confirm and better understand these findings.
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Kwast L, Fiechter D, Kruijssen L, Bleumink R, Ludwig I, Bol-Schoenmakers M, Smit J, Pieters R. Oral exposure to immunostimulating drugs results in early changes in innate immune parameters in the spleen. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:535-47. [PMID: 27043250 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2016.1139643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of immune-dependent drug hypersensitivity reactions (IDHR) is likely to involve activation of the innate immune system to stimulate neo-antigen specific T-cells. Previously it has been shown that, upon oral exposure to several drugs with immune-adjuvant capacity, mice developed T-cell-dependent responses to TNP-OVA. These results were indicative of the adjuvant potential of these drugs. The present study set out to evaluate the nature of this adjuvant potential by focusing on early immune changes in the spleen, by testing several drugs in the same experimental model. Mice were exposed to one or multiple oral doses of previously-tested drugs: the non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac (DF), the analgesic acetaminophen (APAP), the anti-epileptic drug carbamazepine (CMZ) or the antibiotic ofloxacin (OFLX). Within 24 h after the final dosing, early innate and also adaptive immune parameters in the spleen were examined. In addition, liver tissue was also evaluated for damage. Exposure to APAP resulted in severe liver damage, increased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and local MIP-2 expression. DF exposure did not cause visible liver damage, but did increase liver weight. DF also elicited clear effects on splenic innate and adaptive immune cells, i.e. increased levels of NK cells and memory T-cells. Furthermore, an increase in plasma MIP-2 levels combined with an influx of neutrophils into the spleen was observed. OFLX and CMZ exposure resulted in increased liver weights, MIP-2 expression and up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APC). The data suggested that multiple immune parameters were altered upon exposure to drugs known to elicit immunosensitization and that broad evaluation of immune changes in straightforward short-term animal models is needed to determine whether a drug may harbor the hazard to induce IDHR. The oral exposure approach as used here may be applied in the future as an immunotoxicological research tool in this type of evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kwast
- a Division of Toxicology , Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands ;,b TI Pharma , Leiden , the Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Fiechter
- a Division of Toxicology , Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands ;,b TI Pharma , Leiden , the Netherlands
| | - Laura Kruijssen
- a Division of Toxicology , Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands ;,b TI Pharma , Leiden , the Netherlands
| | - Rob Bleumink
- a Division of Toxicology , Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Irene Ludwig
- a Division of Toxicology , Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands ;,b TI Pharma , Leiden , the Netherlands
| | - Marianne Bol-Schoenmakers
- a Division of Toxicology , Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Joost Smit
- a Division of Toxicology , Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Raymond Pieters
- a Division of Toxicology , Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
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Weil C, Tünsmeyer J, Tipold A, Hoppe S, Beyerbach M, Pankow WR, Kästner SB. Effects of concurrent perioperative use of marbofloxacin and cimicoxib or carprofen in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:311-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Weil
- Department of Anaesthesia, Small Animal Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation; Hannover 30159 Germany
| | - J. Tünsmeyer
- Department of Anaesthesia, Small Animal Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation; Hannover 30159 Germany
| | - A. Tipold
- Department of Neurology, Small Animal Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation; Hannover 30159 Germany
| | - S. Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Small Animal Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation; Hannover 30159 Germany
| | - M. Beyerbach
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation; Hannover 30159 Germany
| | | | - S. B. Kästner
- Department of Anaesthesia, Small Animal Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation; Hannover 30159 Germany
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Puppi D, Piras AM, Pirosa A, Sandreschi S, Chiellini F. Levofloxacin-loaded star poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds by additive manufacturing. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:44. [PMID: 26758891 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The employment of a tissue engineering scaffold able to release an antimicrobial agent with a controlled kinetics represents an effective tool for the treatment of infected tissue defects as well as for the prevention of scaffolds implantation-related infectious complications. This research activity was aimed at the development of additively manufactured star poly(ε-caprolactone) (*PCL) scaffolds loaded with levofloxacin, investigated as antimicrobial fluoroquinolone model. For this purpose a computer-aided wet-spinning technique allowing functionalizing the scaffold during the fabrication process was explored. Scaffolds with customized composition, microstructure and anatomical external shape were developed by optimizing the processing parameters. Morphological, thermal and mechanical characterization showed that drug loading did not compromise the fabrication process and the final performance of the scaffolds. The developed *PCL scaffolds showed a sustained in vitro release of the loaded antibiotic for 5 weeks. The proposed computer-aided wet-spinning technique appears well suited for the fabrication of anatomical scaffolds endowed with levofloxacin-releasing properties to be tested in vivo for the regeneration of long bone critical size defects in a rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Puppi
- BIOLab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- BIOLab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pirosa
- BIOLab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Sandreschi
- BIOLab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Chiellini
- BIOLab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a major cause of hepatocellular injury in patients admitting to emergency services with acute liver failure. Hepatic necrosis may be at varying degrees from mild elevations in transaminases to fulminant hepatitis, and even death. The case of a 53-year-old female patient with toxic hepatitis due to levofloxacin and multiple organ failure secondary to toxic hepatitis is presented. Patient suffered itching, redness, and rash after receiving a single dose of 750 mg of levofloxacin tablets for pulmonary infection 10 days ago. Skin lesions had regressed within 3 days, but desquamation formed all over the body. After the fifth day of drug intake, complaints of abdominal pain, vomiting, and yellowing in skin color had started. The patient was referred to our emergency department with these complaints 10 days after drug intake. Patient was thought as a candidate for liver transplant, but cardiopulmonary arrest occurred, and the patient died before she could be referred to a transplant center. This case is important because hepatotoxicity and death due to levofloxacin is uncommon in the literature.
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Biedenbach DJ, Huband MD, Hackel M, de Jonge BLM, Sahm DF, Bradford PA. In Vitro Activity of AZD0914, a Novel Bacterial DNA Gyrase/Topoisomerase IV Inhibitor, against Clinically Relevant Gram-Positive and Fastidious Gram-Negative Pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:6053-63. [PMID: 26195518 PMCID: PMC4576048 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01016-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AZD0914, a new spiropyrimidinetrione bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitor with a novel mode of inhibition, has activity against bacterial species commonly cultured from patient infection specimens, including fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. This study assessed the in vitro activity of AZD0914 against key Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative clinical isolates collected globally in 2013. AZD0914 demonstrated potent activity, with MIC90s for AZD0914 of 0.25 mg/liter against Staphylococcus aureus (n = 11,680), coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 1,923), streptococci (n = 4,380), and Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 145), 0.5 mg/liter against Staphylococcus lugdunensis (n = 120) and Haemophilus influenzae (n = 352), 1 mg/liter against Enterococcus faecalis (n = 1,241), and 2 mg/liter against Haemophilus parainfluenzae (n = 70). The activity against Enterococcus faecium was more limited (MIC90, 8 mg/liter). The spectrum and potency of AZD0914 included fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates in each species group, including methicillin-resistant staphylococci, penicillin-resistant streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, β-lactamase-producing Haemophilus spp., and M. catarrhalis. Based on these in vitro findings, AZD0914 warrants further investigation for its utility against a variety of Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meredith Hackel
- International Health Management Associates, Inc., Schaumburg, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Daniel F Sahm
- International Health Management Associates, Inc., Schaumburg, Illinois, USA
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Kabbara WK, Ramadan WH, Rahbany P, Al-Natour S. Evaluation of the appropriate use of commonly prescribed fluoroquinolones and the risk of dysglycemia. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:639-47. [PMID: 25960658 PMCID: PMC4410896 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s81280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluoroquinolones are among the most widely prescribed antibiotics. However, concerns about increasing resistant microorganisms and the risk of dysglycemia associated with the use of these agents have emerged. Objective The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the appropriate use of commonly prescribed fluoroquinolones, including appropriate indication, dose, dose adjustment in renal impairment, and duration of treatment. The secondary objective was to investigate the dysglycemic effect of fluoroquinolone use (hypoglycemia and/or hyperglycemia) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Methods A prospective observational study at a teaching hospital in Lebanon was conducted over a 6-month period. A total of 118 patients receiving broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin) were identified. Patients were mainly recruited from internal medicine floors and intensive care units. Results The final percentage for the appropriate indication, dose, and duration of fluoroquinolone therapy was 93.2%, 74.6%, and 57.6%, respectively. A total of 57.1% of the patients did not receive the appropriate dose adjustment according to their level of renal impairment. In addition, dysglycemia occurred in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Dysglycemia was more frequently encountered with ciprofloxacin (50.0%), followed by levofloxacin (42.4%) and moxifloxacin (7.6%). Hyperglycemia was more common than hypoglycemia in all groups. The highest incidence of hyperglycemia occurred with levofloxacin (70.0%), followed by ciprofloxacin (39.0%) and moxifloxacin (33.3%). In contrast, hypoglycemia did not occur in the ciprofloxacin group, but it was more common with moxifloxacin (11.1%) and levofloxacin (6.0%). Conclusion The major clinical interventions for the future will adjust the dose and duration of therapy with commonly prescribed fluoroquinolones. The incidence of hypoglycemia was less common than hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam K Kabbara
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Wijdan H Ramadan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Peggy Rahbany
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Welte T. Managing CAP patients at risk of clinical failure. Respir Med 2015; 109:157-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Development and characterization of new enzymatic modified hybrid calcium carbonate microparticles to obtain nano-architectured surfaces for enhanced drug loading. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 439:76-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Xu Y, Liu Y, Li H, Zhang P, Zhao J, Wang W. Photosensitive damage of lysozyme caused by pazufloxacin and the protective effect of ferulic acid. Sci China Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Picoli SU, Mazzoleni LE, Fernández H, De Bona LR, Neuhauss E, Longo L, Prolla JC. Resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin of Helicobacter pylori isolated from Southern Brazil patients. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014; 56:197-200. [PMID: 24878996 PMCID: PMC4085860 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction:Helicobacter pylori is a bacteria which infects half the world
population and is an important cause of gastric cancer. The eradication therapy is
not always effective because resistance to antimicrobials may occur. The aim of this
study was to determine the susceptibility profile of H. pylori to
amoxicillin, clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin in the population of Southern
Brazil. Material and methods: Fifty four samples of H. pylori
were evaluated. The antibiotics susceptibility was determined according to the
guidelines of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy and the Comité de
l'Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie. Results: Six (11.1%) H. pylori isolates were resistant
to clarithromycin, one (1.9%) to amoxicillin and three (5.5%) to ciprofloxacin. These
indices of resistance are considered satisfactory and show that all of these
antibiotics can be used in the empirical therapy. Conclusion: The antibiotics amoxicillin and clarithromycin are still a
good option for first line anti-H. pylori treatment in the
population of Southern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heriberto Fernández
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Laura Renata De Bona
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Service of Gastroenterology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Erli Neuhauss
- Centro Universitário Metodista, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larisse Longo
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Service of Gastroenterology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Prolla
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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