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Joshi G, Arthur NBJ, Geetha TS, Datari PVR, Modak K, Roy D, Chaudhury AD, Sundaraganesan P, Priyanka S, Na F, Ramprasad V, Abraham A, Srivastava VM, Srivastava A, Kulkarni UP, George B, Velayudhan SR. Comprehensive laboratory diagnosis of Fanconi anaemia: comparison of cellular and molecular analysis. J Med Genet 2023; 60:801-809. [PMID: 36894310 PMCID: PMC10423531 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure disease caused by germline pathogenic variants in any of the 22 genes involved in the FA-DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair pathway. Accurate laboratory investigations are required for FA diagnosis for the clinical management of the patients. We performed chromosome breakage analysis (CBA), FANCD2 ubiquitination (FANCD2-Ub) analysis and exome sequencing of 142 Indian patients with FA and evaluated the efficiencies of these methods in FA diagnosis. METHODS We performed CBA and FANCD2-Ub analysis in the blood cells and fibroblasts of patients with FA. Exome sequencing with improved bioinformatics to detect the single number variants and CNV was carried out for all the patients. Functional validation of the variants with unknown significance was done by lentiviral complementation assay. RESULTS Our study showed that FANCD2-Ub analysis and CBA on peripheral blood cells could diagnose 97% and 91.5% of FA cases, respectively. Exome sequencing identified the FA genotypes consisting of 45 novel variants in 95.7% of the patients with FA. FANCA (60.2%), FANCL (19.8%) and FANCG (11.7%) were the most frequently mutated genes in the Indian population. A FANCL founder mutation c.1092G>A; p.K364=was identified at a very high frequency (~19%) in our patients. CONCLUSION We performed a comprehensive analysis of the cellular and molecular tests for the accurate diagnosis of FA. A new algorithm for rapid and cost-effective molecular diagnosis for~90% of FA cases has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | - Kirti Modak
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Debanjan Roy
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anurag Dutta Chaudhury
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sweety Priyanka
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Fouzia Na
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Aby Abraham
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivi M Srivastava
- Department of Cytogenetics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alok Srivastava
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uday Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Biju George
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shaji R Velayudhan
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Repczynska A, Julga K, Skalska-Sadowska J, Kacprzak MM, Bartoszewska-Kubiak A, Lazarczyk E, Loska D, Drozniewska M, Czerska K, Wachowiak J, Haus O. Next-generation sequencing reveals novel variants and large deletion in FANCA gene in Polish family with Fanconi anemia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:282. [PMID: 35854323 PMCID: PMC9295492 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fanconi anemia (FA) is the most common inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. However, establishing its molecular diagnosis remains challenging. Chromosomal breakage analysis is the gold standard diagnostic test for this disease. Nevertheless, molecular analysis is always required for the identification of pathogenic alterations in the FA genes. RESULTS We report here on a family with FA diagnosis in two siblings. Mitomycin C (MMC) test revealed high level of chromosome breaks and radial figures. In both children, array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) showed maternally inherited 16q24.3 deletion, including FANCA gene, and next generation sequencing (NGS) disclosed paternally inherited novel variants in the FANCA gene-Asn1113Tyr and Ser890Asn. A third sibling was shown to be a carrier of FANCA deletion only. CONCLUSIONS Although genetic testing in FA patients often requires a multi-method approach including chromosome breakage test, aCGH, and NGS, every effort should be made to make it available for whole FA families. This is not only to confirm the clinical diagnosis of FA in affected individuals, but also to enable identification of carriers of FA gene(s) alterations, as it has implications for diagnostic and genetic counselling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Repczynska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Julga
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jolanta Skalska-Sadowska
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Bartoszewska-Kubiak
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewelina Lazarczyk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Malgorzata Drozniewska
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Jacek Wachowiak
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Olga Haus
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Shukla P, Rao A, Ghosh K, Vundinti BR. Identification of a novel large intragenic deletion in a family with Fanconi anemia: first molecular report from India and review of literature. Gene 2013; 518:470-5. [PMID: 23370339 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here an Indian case with Fanconi anemia (FA) presented with fever, pallor, short stature, hyperpigmentation and upper limb anomaly. Chromosome breakage analysis together with FANCD2 Western blot monoubiquitination assay confirmed the diagnosis as FA. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) revealed a novel homozygous large intragenic deletion (exons 8-27 del) in the FANCA gene in the proband. His sib and parents were also analyzed and found to be heterozygous for the same mutation. We also reviewed the literature of FANCA large intragenic deletions found in FA patients from different countries and the mechanism involved in the formation of these deletions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular report from India on FA. The finding expands the mutation spectrum of the FANCA gene. Identification of the mutation confirms the diagnosis of FA at DNA level and helps in providing proper genetic counseling to the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Shukla
- Department of Cytogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR), 13th Floor, New Multistoried Building, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai-400012, India
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4
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Litim N, Labrie Y, Desjardins S, Ouellette G, Plourde K, Belleau P, Durocher F. Polymorphic variations in the FANCA gene in high-risk non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer individuals from the French Canadian population. Mol Oncol 2012; 7:85-100. [PMID: 23021409 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of genes associated with breast cancer susceptibility, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, are involved in DNA repair mechanisms. Moreover, among the genes recently associated with an increased susceptibility to breast cancer, four are Fanconi Anemia (FA) genes: FANCD1/BRCA2, FANCJ/BACH1/BRIP1, FANCN/PALB2 and FANCO/RAD51C. FANCA is implicated in DNA repair and has been shown to interact directly with BRCA1. It has been proposed that the formation of FANCA/G (dependent upon the phosphorylation of FANCA) and FANCB/L sub-complexes altogether with FANCM, represent the initial step for DNA repair activation and subsequent formation of other sub-complexes leading to ubiquitination of FANCD2 and FANCI. As only approximately 25% of inherited breast cancers are attributable to BRCA1/2 mutations, FANCA therefore becomes an attractive candidate for breast cancer susceptibility. We thus analyzed FANCA gene in 97 high-risk French Canadian non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer individuals by direct sequencing as well as in 95 healthy control individuals from the same population. Among a total of 85 sequence variants found in either or both series, 28 are coding variants and 19 of them are missense variations leading to amino acid change. Three of the amino acid changes, namely Thr561Met, Cys625Ser and particularly Ser1088Phe, which has been previously reported to be associated with FA, are predicted to be damaging by the SIFT and PolyPhen softwares. cDNA amplification revealed significant expression of 4 alternative splicing events (insertion of an intronic portion of intron 10, and the skipping of exons 11, 30 and 31). In silico analyzes of relevant genomic variants have been performed in order to identify potential variations involved in the expression of these spliced transcripts. Sequence variants in FANCA could therefore be potential spoilers of the Fanconi-BRCA pathway and as a result, they could in turn have an impact in non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadhir Litim
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology and Genomics of CHUQ Research Centre and Laval University, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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Lee HJ, Park S, Kang HJ, Jun JK, Lee JA, Lee DS, Park SS, Seong MW. A case report of Fanconi anemia diagnosed by genetic testing followed by prenatal diagnosis. Ann Lab Med 2012; 32:380-4. [PMID: 22950077 PMCID: PMC3427829 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2012.32.5.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder affecting multiple body systems. Genetic testing, including prenatal testing, is a prerequisite for the diagnosis of many clinical conditions. However, genetic testing is complicated for FA because there are often many genes that are associated with its development, and large deletions, duplications, or sequence variations are frequently found in some of these genes. This study describes successful genetic testing for molecular diagnosis, and subsequent prenatal diagnosis, of FA in a patient and his family in Korea. We analyzed all exons and flanking regions of the FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG genes for mutation identification and subsequent prenatal diagnosis. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis was performed to detect large deletions or duplications in the FANCA gene. Molecular analysis revealed two mutations in the FANCA gene: a frameshift mutation c.2546delC and a novel splice-site mutation c.3627-1G>A. The FANCA mutations were separately inherited from each parent, c.2546delC was derived from the father, whereas c.3627-1G>A originated from the mother. The amniotic fluid cells were c.3627-1G>A heterozygotes, suggesting that the fetus was unaffected. This is the first report of genetic testing that was successfully applied to molecular diagnosis of a patient and subsequent prenatal diagnosis of FA in a family in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jeen Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Castella M, Pujol R, Callén E, Trujillo JP, Casado JA, Gille H, Lach FP, Auerbach AD, Schindler D, Benítez J, Porto B, Ferro T, Muñoz A, Sevilla J, Madero L, Cela E, Beléndez C, de Heredia CD, Olivé T, de Toledo JS, Badell I, Torrent M, Estella J, Dasí A, Rodríguez-Villa A, Gómez P, Barbot J, Tapia M, Molinés A, Figuera A, Bueren JA, Surrallés J. Origin, functional role, and clinical impact of Fanconi anemia FANCA mutations. Blood 2011; 117:3759-69. [PMID: 21273304 PMCID: PMC3083295 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-08-299917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is characterized by congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and cancer predisposition. To investigate the origin, functional role, and clinical impact of FANCA mutations, we determined a FANCA mutational spectrum with 130 pathogenic alleles. Some of these mutations were further characterized for their distribution in populations, mode of emergence, or functional consequences at cellular and clinical level. The world most frequent FANCA mutation is not the result of a mutational "hot-spot" but results from worldwide dissemination of an ancestral Indo-European mutation. We provide molecular evidence that total absence of FANCA in humans does not reduce embryonic viability, as the observed frequency of mutation carriers in the Gypsy population equals the expected by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. We also prove that long distance Alu-Alu recombination can cause Fanconi anemia by originating large interstitial deletions involving FANCA and 2 adjacent genes. Finally, we show that all missense mutations studied lead to an altered FANCA protein that is unable to relocate to the nucleus and activate the FA/BRCA pathway. This may explain the observed lack of correlation between type of FANCA mutation and cellular phenotype or clinical severity in terms of age of onset of hematologic disease or number of malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Castella
- Genome Instability and DNA Repair Group, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra s/n, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Akbari MR, Malekzadeh R, Lepage P, Roquis D, Sadjadi AR, Aghcheli K, Yazdanbod A, Shakeri R, Bashiri J, Sotoudeh M, Pourshams A, Ghadirian P, Narod SA. Mutations in Fanconi anemia genes and the risk of esophageal cancer. Hum Genet 2011; 129:573-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-0951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Validation of Fanconi anemia complementation Group A assignment using molecular analysis. Genet Med 2009; 11:183-92. [PMID: 19367192 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e318193ba67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous chromosomal breakage disorder exhibiting a high degree of clinical variability. Clinical diagnoses are confirmed by testing patient cells for increased sensitivity to crosslinking agents. Fanconi anemia complementation group assignment, essential for efficient molecular diagnosis of the disease, had not been validated for clinical application before this study. The purpose of this study was (1) confirmation of the accuracy of Fanconi anemia complementation group assignment to Group A (FANCA) and (2) development of a rapid mutation detection strategy that ensures the efficient capture of all FANCA mutations. METHODS Using fibroblasts from 29 patients, diagnosis of Fanconi anemia and assignment to complementation Group A was made through breakage analysis studies. FANCA coding and flanking sequences were analyzed using denaturing high pressure liquid chromatography, sequencing, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Patients in which two mutations were not identified were analyzed by cDNA sequencing. Patients with no mutations were sequenced for mutations in FANCC, G, E, and F. RESULTS Of the 56 putative mutant alleles studied, 89% had an identifiable FANCA pathogenic mutation. Eight unique novel mutations were identified. CONCLUSION Complementation assignment to Group A was validated in a clinical laboratory setting using our FANCA rapid molecular testing strategy.
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De Luca A, Bottillo I, Dasdia MC, Morella A, Lanari V, Bernardini L, Divona L, Giustini S, Sinibaldi L, Novelli A, Torrente I, Schirinzi A, Dallapiccola B. Deletions of NF1 gene and exons detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. J Med Genet 2007; 44:800-8. [PMID: 18055911 PMCID: PMC2652822 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.053785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To estimate the contribution of single and multi-exon NF1 gene copy-number changes to the NF1 mutation spectrum, we analysed a series of 201 Italian patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Of these, 138 had previously been found, using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography or protein truncation test, to be heterozygous for intragenic NF1 point mutations/deletions/insertions, and were excluded from this analysis. The remaining 63 patients were analysed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), which allows detection of deletions or duplications encompassing >or=1 NF1 exons, as well as entire gene deletions. MLPA results were validated using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) or fluorescent in situ hybridisation. MLPA screening followed by real-time qPCR detected a total of 23 deletions. Of these deletions, six were single exon, eight were multi-exon, and nine were of the entire NF1 gene. In our series, deletions encompassing >or=1 NF1 exons accounted for approximately 7% (14/201) of the NF1 gene mutation spectrum, suggesting that screening for these should now be systematically included in genetic testing of patients with NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Luca
- IRCCS-CSS, San Giovanni Rotondo and CSS-Mendel Institute, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
The Mediterranean area represents the area of land that borders the Mediterranean basin. It is composed of several countries that share many geographic and racial characteristics. Although Mediterraneans seem to share common skin type and are subjected to similar enviromental factors, they still represent a genetic and socioeconomic diversity. True prevalence of pigmentary disorders in this area depends on large epidemiologic studies, including countries that are not available. This article, however, highlights and classifies the most important developmental (heritable-genetic) and acquired pigmentary disorders seen and reported in this important area of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhat A El-Mofty
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Berwick M, Satagopan JM, Ben-Porat L, Carlson A, Mah K, Henry R, Diotti R, Milton K, Pujara K, Landers T, Batish SD, Morales J, Schindler D, Hanenberg H, Hromas R, Levran O, Auerbach AD. Genetic heterogeneity among Fanconi anemia heterozygotes and risk of cancer. Cancer Res 2007; 67:9591-6. [PMID: 17909071 PMCID: PMC3622247 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by a greatly increased risk of cancer among those diagnosed with the syndrome. The question as to whether FA heterozygotes are at increased risk for cancer is of great importance to those at risk for being a carrier. To address this question, we formed a cohort of grandparents of probands identified through the International Fanconi Anemia Registry. We obtained informed consent, a short questionnaire, and either blood or buccal swab DNA. After diagnosis of the proband was confirmed and complementation studies or DNA sequencing on the proband were completed, mutation analyses of the putative carriers and noncarriers was carried out. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated to compare the observed cancer incidence of the grandparents and other relatives with the expected rates of cancer, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries and the Connecticut Cancer registry. In the 944 study subjects who participated (784 grandparents and 160 other relatives), there was no suggestion of an increase in overall cancer incidence. On the other hand, a significantly higher rate of breast cancer than expected was observed among carrier grandmothers [SIR, 1.7; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.1-2.7]. Among the grandmothers, those who were carriers of FANCC mutations were found to be at highest risk (SIR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.2). Overall, there was no increased risk for cancer among FA heterozygotes in this study of Fanconi relatives, although there is some evidence that FANCC mutations are possibly breast cancer susceptibility alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Berwick
- Cancer Research and Treatment Center/Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jaya M. Satagopan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Leah Ben-Porat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Ann Carlson
- Laboratory for Human Genetics and Hematology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Katherine Mah
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Rashida Henry
- Laboratory for Human Genetics and Hematology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Raffaella Diotti
- Laboratory for Human Genetics and Hematology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Kelly Milton
- Laboratory for Human Genetics and Hematology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Kanan Pujara
- Laboratory for Human Genetics and Hematology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Tom Landers
- Laboratory for Human Genetics and Hematology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Sat Dev Batish
- Laboratory for Human Genetics and Hematology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - José Morales
- Laboratory for Human Genetics and Hematology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany; and
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Hromas
- Cancer Research and Treatment Center/Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Orna Levran
- Laboratory for Human Genetics and Hematology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Arleen D. Auerbach
- Laboratory for Human Genetics and Hematology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
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Levran O, Diotti R, Pujara K, Batish SD, Hanenberg H, Auerbach AD. Spectrum of sequence variations in the FANCA gene: an International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) study. Hum Mutat 2006; 25:142-9. [PMID: 15643609 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is defined by cellular hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, and is characterized clinically by developmental abnormalities, progressive bone-marrow failure, and predisposition to leukemia and solid tumors. There is extensive genetic heterogeneity, with at least 11 different FA complementation groups. FA-A is the most common group, accounting for approximately 65% of all affected individuals. The mutation spectrum of the FANCA gene, located on chromosome 16q24.3, is highly heterogeneous. Here we summarize all sequence variations (mutations and polymorphisms) in FANCA described in the literature and listed in the Fanconi Anemia Mutation Database as of March 2004, and report 61 novel FANCA mutations identified in FA patients registered in the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR). Thirty-eight novel SNPs, previously unreported in the literature or in dbSNP, were also identified. We studied the segregation of common FANCA SNPs in FA families to generate haplotypes. We found that FANCA SNP data are highly useful for carrier testing, prenatal diagnosis, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis, particularly when the disease-causing mutations are unknown. Twenty-two large genomic deletions were identified by detection of apparent homozygosity for rare SNPs. In addition, a conserved SNP haplotype block spanning at least 60 kb of the FANCA gene was identified in individuals from various ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Levran
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Hematology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021-6399, USA
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Lyakhovich A, Surralles J. Disruption of the Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway in sporadic cancer. Cancer Lett 2006; 232:99-106. [PMID: 16246487 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2005] [Accepted: 07/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies provide evidences linking disruption of Fanconi anemia/BRCA cascade with sporadic cancers. Given that this pathway plays essential roles in response to the DNA interstrand cross-links, these cancers are expected to be chemosensitive to cross-link based therapy. In the present mini-review we expand the spectrum of possibilities for FA/BRCA disruption and review some works describing functional upstream and downstream events linking disruption of the FA/BRCA pathway to sporadic cancer. This may involve but not limited to epigenetic silencing of the FA-core complex or BRCA1/2, mutations of one or several FA-BRCA genes or modification of encoded products. All this may serve as a platform for occurrence, development and treatment of sporadic cancers and therefore deserves to be in the focus of new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lyakhovich
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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