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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Cosgarea R, Sculean A, Doerfer C. Can vitamins improve periodontal wound healing/regeneration? Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:539-602. [PMID: 37592831 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex inflammatory disorder of the tooth supporting structures, associated with microbial dysbiosis, and linked to a number if systemic conditions. Untreated it can result in an irreversible damage to the periodontal structures and eventually teeth loss. Regeneration of the lost periodontium requires an orchestration of a number of biological events on cellular and molecular level. In this context, a set of vitamins have been advocated, relying their beneficial physiological effects, to endorse the biological regenerative events of the periodontium on cellular and molecular levels. The aim of the present article is to elaborate on the question whether or not vitamins improve wound healing/regeneration, summarizing the current evidence from in vitro, animal and clinical studies, thereby shedding light on the knowledge gap in this field and highlighting future research needs. Although the present review demonstrates the current heterogeneity in the available evidence and knowledge gaps, findings suggest that vitamins, especially A, B, E, and CoQ10, as well as vitamin combinations, could exert positive attributes on the periodontal outcomes in adjunct to surgical or nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Raluca Cosgarea
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Periodontology and Peri-implant Diseases, Philips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Clinic for Prosthetic Dentistry, University Iuliu-Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christof Doerfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Kalsi R, Bhushan KS, Mathur MK, Gupta V, Gupta DK, Pandey SK. To Evaluate the Effect of Vitamin B Complex on Wound Healing - A Clinical and Microbiological Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S549-S551. [PMID: 38595592 PMCID: PMC11000974 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_856_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of vitamin B complex supplementation following periodontal flap surgery on clinical and microbiological parameters. Materials and Methods A randomized controlled trial on 10 patients with periodontitis in split-mouth design was undertaken to find the effect of vitamin B complex supplementation with open flap debridement on periodontal wound healing. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Tannerella forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis was done using subgingival plaque samples at 0 and 90th day. Results The results showed a significant reduction (P < 0.01) of clinical (plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and relative attachment level) and microbial profile in both treatment groups, whereas on intergroup analysis, more reduction in all clinical parameters were observed in the test group, but statistically, the results were insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Kalsi
- Department of Dentistry, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kala S. Bhushan
- Department of Periodontics, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohit K. Mathur
- Department of General Surgery, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vineeta Gupta
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Deepesh K. Gupta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sandeep K. Pandey
- Department of Dentistry, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rosa TG. The Effect of Ascorbic Acid Supplementation on the Time of Healing of Rats Submitted to Neurosurgical Procedures. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE NEUROCIRURGIA: BRAZILIAN NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for both humans and rats and has been noted for its beneficial properties, among them, healing.
Objective To verify the effect of oral and subcutaneous vitamin C supplementation on the healing time of surgical wounds of rats skulls.
Statistical Methodology Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: 10 from the control group (GI), 10 from the group treated with oral vitamin C (GII), and 10 from the group treated with subcutaneous vitamin C (GIII). Vitamin C was administered to GI and GIII animals from the 3rd to the 7th postoperative day, totaling 10 days of administration at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. On the 4th day of the study, the rats were submitted to a surgical procedure consisting of a 2-cm incision of the skin of the animals' heads and suturing with single stitches. After a determined period, the rats were killed and submitted to the collection of material for study by the picrosirius red technique for the evaluation of collagen types I and III, the degree of hematoxylin and eosin healing, and the rate of contraction of the wound on subsequent days. The results were described in averages, medians, minimum and maximum values, and standard deviations. For the comparison of the three groups, the analysis of variance with one factor (one-way ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used. The normality of the variables was evaluated by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Values of p < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, v.20.0. software. (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
Results The amount of collagen type III was higher in the groups that received vitamin C, however, without significant difference (n = 0.292). In relation to the rate of contraction of the surgical wound, it was higher in the groups treated with vitamin C, with a significant difference between groups I and II (p = 0.001), and between groups I and III (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the groups that were treated with vitamin C (p = 0.227).
Conclusion Healing was more effective in the groups treated with vitamin C than in the group that did not receive vitamin supplementation. There was no significant difference in healing between the groups receiving oral or subcutaneous vitamin C.
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Bechara N, Flood VM, Gunton JE. A Systematic Review on the Role of Vitamin C in Tissue Healing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081605. [PMID: 36009324 PMCID: PMC9405326 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for humans and animals which are unable to synthesise it themselves. Vitamin C is important for tissue regeneration due to the role it plays in collagen formation, and its antioxidant properties. We reviewed the literature to evaluate potential associations between vitamin C supplementation and healing of an acute or chronic condition. Embase, Medline, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published prior to April 2022. Studies were eligible if they reported at least one association between vitamin C supplementation and healing outcomes. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Overall, vitamin C supplementation improved healing outcomes in certain pathologies, predominantly pressure ulcers. However, many of the studies had small sample sizes, combined nutritional treatments, and did not test baseline vitamin C. Future studies should be of larger scale, exclusively using vitamin C to determine its role in tissue healing in other wounds. We recommend consideration of vitamin C supplementation for people with pressure ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Bechara
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research (CDOER), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Lands of the Dharug Nation, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown-Mt Druitt Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2148, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Victoria M. Flood
- University Centre for Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jenny E. Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research (CDOER), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Lands of the Dharug Nation, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-8890-8089
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Dixit R, Chaudhary NK, Mishra PK, Srivastava P, Bhartiya SK, Pratap A, Basu S, Shukla VK. Study on Blood Serum Levels of Heavy and Trace Metals in Chronic Non-Healing Wounds. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2022:15347346221074161. [PMID: 35037502 DOI: 10.1177/15347346221074161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex, highly regulated process that is important in sustaining the skin barrier function. The etiologic relation of specific metals is not adequately described for chronic non-healing wounds. The aim of this study was to estimate heavy and trace metals in chronic non-healing wound and their association with wound healing. The levels of zinc, selenium, copper, magnesium, chromium, cadmium, iron, and lead were estimated in serum of chronic non-healing wound patients using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The tests were carried out in 50 patients with chronic non-healing wound and thirty healthy volunteers as control. The serum levels of elements namely zinc, selenium, copper, magnesium, and chromium were significantly reduced in chronic non-healing wounds (P < .001) as compared to control. Lead and cadmium levels had shown the significantly increasing trend in chronic non-healing wound cases (P < .001). The present study demonstrated a significant decrease in serum, levels of selenium, zinc, copper, magnesium, iron, and chromium levels in patients with chronic non-healing wound indicating an association between these elements and wound healing. To summarize the findings of our research, hence trace elements were decreasing in chronic non-healing wound patients suggesting their role in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi Dixit
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, 30114Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, 30114Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, 30114Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, 30114Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Satyanam Kumar Bhartiya
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, 30114Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Arvind Pratap
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, 30114Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Somprakas Basu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, 30114Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Shukla
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, 30114Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Hujoel PP, Hujoel MLA. Vitamin C and scar strength: analysis of a historical trial and implications for collagen-related pathologies. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:8-17. [PMID: 34396385 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A double-blind controlled trial initiated in 1944 has led to the common narrative that a 10-mg daily vitamin C intake is adequate to prevent and treat impaired wound healing, and by inference, other collagen-related diseases such as heart disease or stroke. The WHO relies on this narrative to set the recommended nutrient intake for vitamin C. This narrative, however, is based on what is known as the eyeball method of data assessment. The 1944 trial published individual participant data on scar strength providing an opportunity to statistically probe the validity of the 10-mg narrative, something which has not yet been done. The findings show that a vitamin C intake that averages to 10 mg/d over a mean follow-up of 11.5 mo was associated with a 42% weakened scar strength when compared with 80 mg vitamin C intake/d (P < 0.001). The observed dose-response curve between scar strength and vitamin C intake suggests that the daily vitamin C intake needed to prevent collagen-related pathologies is in the range recommended by the National Academy of Medicine and the European Food Safety Authority (75 to 110 mg/d), not the WHO recommendation (45 mg/d). The findings also show that a vitamin C intake that averages to 65 mg/d over a mean follow-up of 6.5 mo failed to restore the normal wound-healing capacity of vitamin C-depleted tissues; such tissues had a 49% weaker scar strength when compared with nondepleted tissues (P < 0.05). Thus, average daily vitamin C intakes ∼50% higher than the WHO recommends may fail to treat existing collagen-related pathologies. It is concluded that the prior lack of statistical analyses of a landmark trial may have led to a misleading narrative on the vitamin C needs for the prevention and treatment of collagen-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe P Hujoel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Margaux L A Hujoel
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Vitamin C improves healing of foot ulcers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1451-1458. [PMID: 32981536 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic foot ulcers are associated with a high risk of osteomyelitis, poor quality of life, amputations and disability. Few strategies improve their healing, and amputation rates in high-risk foot services are usually over 30 %. We conducted a randomised, inactive-placebo controlled, double-blind trial of 500 mg of slow-release vitamin C in sixteen people with foot ulcers in the Foot Wound Clinic at Westmead Hospital. Nine were randomised to control and seven to vitamin C. When serum vitamin C results become available at 4 weeks, all people with deficiency were offered both vitamin C and glucosamine tablets for the next 4 weeks. Patients without baseline deficiency continued their original assigned treatment. The primary outcome was percentage ulcer healing (reduction in ulcer size) at 8 weeks. Fifty percentage of subjects had baseline vitamin C deficiency, half having undetectable levels. Healing at 8 weeks was significantly better in the vitamin C group (median 100 v. -14 %, P = 0·041). Healing without amputation occurred in all patients in the vitamin C group. In contrast, 44 % of controls had not healed their ulcer at the end of the study period. Vitamin C improved healing of foot ulcers. Further studies are needed to determine whether there is a threshold effect for serum vitamin C above which therapy is ineffective and whether there are better or lesser responding subgroups. Because of its low cost and ease of access and administration, we recommend offering vitamin C therapy to all people who have chronic foot ulcers and potentially suboptimal vitamin C intake. Trial registration number: ACTRN12617001142325.
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Abstract
Wound healing is a complex and energy-demanding process. The relationship between nutrition and wound healing has been recognized for many centuries. Several studies have indicated that nutritional deficiencies are more prevalent among patients with chronic wounds. Malnutrition may alter the inflammatory response, collagen synthesis, and wound tensile strength, all of which are crucial for wound healing. Although the specific role of nutrition and supplementation in wound care remains uncertain, it is necessary to identify and correct nutritional imbalances to avoid any potential deterioration of the healing process. It is also important to recognize the differences in pathophysiology between acute and chronic wounds. A burn, surgical, or a traumatic wound is different from a diabetic foot ulcer, which is different from a pressure ulcer. Chronic wounds are more prevalent in the aging population, and patients often have underlying comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, connective tissue disease, or other systemic illnesses that may alter energy metabolism and contribute to impaired healing. Management approaches to acute wound care may not apply universally to chronic wounds. In this review, we discuss the available data and possible roles for nutrition in wound healing.
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Choy CKM, Benzie IFF, Cho P. Is ascorbate in human tears from corneal leakage or from lacrimal secretion? Clin Exp Optom 2021; 87:24-7. [PMID: 14720117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2004.tb03142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2003] [Revised: 09/25/2003] [Accepted: 10/21/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated whether fresh main lacrimal gland secretion contains ascorbate, with a view to providing indirect evidence of an immediate source of this antioxidant in tears. Our hypothesis was that, if the source is corneal leakage, continuous tearing or rinsing of the eye will result in a marked decrease, by dilution, in ascorbate concentration in the reflex tears collected. Alternatively, the ascorbate concentration will be relatively constant if the main lacrimal gland secretion is the main immediate source. METHODS Five successive samples of yawn-induced reflex tears were collected from the same eye of each of 42 subjects. In 36 of these volunteers, the testing eye was then flushed with 10 ml of saline and a sixth tear sample ('post-flush') was collected immediately. Tear ascorbate concentrations were measured using a validated high performance liquid chromatography method. RESULTS The ascorbate concentration of the first sample (baseline) was slightly but significantly (P < 0.0001) lower (17.3 +/- 8.9 micro M) than the four subsequent samples in all subjects (average 21.4 microM). Ascorbate concentrations of post-flush samples were very similar to pre-flush values. Mean +/- SD ascorbate concentrations of pre- and post-flush samples were, respectively, 22.5 +/- 10.9 and 17.3 +/- 5.8 microM. DISCUSSION Results show that ascorbate is present in fresh reflex tears. Data do not support the view that the cornea is the source of tear ascorbate in healthy eyes. Rather, results indicate that ascorbate is present in main lacrimal gland secretion and that this antioxidant is depleted in basal tears. Measurement of tear ascorbate may offer useful information regarding antioxidant supply to and protection of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camus Kar Man Choy
- Department of Optometry and Radiography, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
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10
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Hujoel PP, Kato T, Hujoel IA, Hujoel MLA. Bleeding tendency and ascorbic acid requirements: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:964-975. [PMID: 33517432 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The World Health Organization set the recommended daily vitamin C intake, henceforth referred to as ascorbic acid (AA), on the basis of scurvy prevention. Double-blind AA depletion-repletion studies suggest that this recommended AA dose may be too low to prevent microvascular fragility. OBJECTIVES (1) To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials on whether AA supplementation leads to a reduced gingival bleeding tendency, a manifestation of microvascular fragility; and (2) to relate AA plasma levels to retinal hemorrhaging, another manifestation of microvascular fragility. DATA SOURCES Data were reviewed from 15 trials conducted in 6 countries with 1140 predominantly healthy participants with measures of gingival bleeding tendency, and from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III of 8210 US residents with measures of retinal hemorrhaging. RESULTS In clinical trials, AA supplementation reduced gingival bleeding tendency when estimated baseline AA plasma levels were < 28 μmol/L (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.83; 95%CI, -1.16 to -0.49; P < 0.002). Supplementation with AA did not unequivocally reduce gingival bleeding tendency when baseline estimated AA plasma levels were >48 μmol/L or unknown (respective standardized mean differences: -0.23, 95%CI, -0.45 to -0.01, P < 0.05; and -0.56; 95%CI: -1.19 to 0.06, P < 0.08). In NHANES III, prevalence of both retinal hemorrhaging and gingival bleeding tendency increased when AA plasma levels were within the range that protects against scurvy (11-28 μmol/L; respective prevalence ratios adjusted for age and sex: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.22-1.77; and 1.64; 95%CI: 1.32-2.03; P < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSION Consistent evidence from controlled clinical trials indicates that setting human AA requirements based on scurvy prevention leads to AA plasma levels that may be too low to prevent an increased gingival bleeding tendency. Gingival bleeding tendency and retinal hemorrhaging coincide with low AA plasma levels and thus may be reflective of a systemic microvascular pathology that is reversible with an increased daily AA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe P Hujoel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tomotaka Kato
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Isabel A Hujoel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Margaux L A Hujoel
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Knackstedt R, Oliver J, Gatherwright J. Evidence-Based Perioperative Nutrition Recommendations: Optimizing Results and Minimizing Risks. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 146:423-435. [PMID: 32740600 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000007004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plastic surgery patients span the nutritional spectrum from generally healthy, nutritionally competent patients to inherently catabolic, nutritionally deficient, and chronic wound patients. Therefore, plastic and reconstructive surgery affords the opportunity to investigate the impact of nutrition across a heterogeneous patient population following a wide variety of procedures. Although patients may be nutritionally deficient in certain vitamins warranting perioperative repletion, other supplements have the potential to benefit all patients, regardless of nutritional status. Despite these putative benefits, there is a dearth of information regarding nutritional optimization, with the limited, available literature focusing mostly on herbal supplements and their potential side effects. A significant barrier to supplement use is the lack of education and available supporting information regarding the indications, contraindications, and physiology of these adjuncts. The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based review of available nutritional supplements that can be considered for the plastic surgery patient in the perioperative period to optimize surgical outcomes while minimizing risk. Prospective, well-designed studies using validated, high-quality supplements will be critical in determining the significance that perioperative supplementation can have for surgical outcomes. Until well-done prospective studies are performed, the supplement, dose, and duration should be determined on an individual, patient-per-patient basis at the discretion of the operating surgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Knackstedt
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic; the Mayo Medical School; and the Division of Plastic Surgery, MetroHealth
| | - Jeremie Oliver
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic; the Mayo Medical School; and the Division of Plastic Surgery, MetroHealth
| | - James Gatherwright
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic; the Mayo Medical School; and the Division of Plastic Surgery, MetroHealth
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Kim M, Basharat A, Santosh R, Mehdi SF, Razvi Z, Yoo SK, Lowell B, Kumar A, Brima W, Danoff A, Dankner R, Bergman M, Pavlov VA, Yang H, Roth J. Reuniting overnutrition and undernutrition, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3072. [PMID: 30171821 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over-nutrition and its late consequences are a dominant theme in medicine today. In addition to the health hazards brought on by over-nutrition, the medical community has recently accumulated a roster of health benefits with obesity, grouped under "obesity paradox." Throughout the world and throughout history until the 20th century, under-nutrition was a dominant evolutionary force. Under-nutrition brings with it a mix of benefits and detriments that are opposite to and continuous with those of over-nutrition. This continuum yields J-shaped or U-shaped curves relating body mass index to mortality. The overweight have an elevated risk of dying in middle age of degenerative diseases while the underweight are at increased risk of premature death from infectious conditions. Micronutrient deficiencies, major concerns of nutritional science in the 20th century, are being neglected. This "hidden hunger" is now surprisingly prevalent in all weight groups, even among the overweight. Because micronutrient replacement is safe, inexpensive, and predictably effective, it is now an exceptionally attractive target for therapy across the spectrum of weight and age. Nutrition-related conditions worthy of special attention from caregivers include excess vitamin A, excess vitamin D, and deficiency of magnesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miji Kim
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Anam Basharat
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Ramchandani Santosh
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Syed F Mehdi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Zanali Razvi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Sun K Yoo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Lowell
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Amrat Kumar
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Wunnie Brima
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ann Danoff
- Department of Medicine, Cpl. Michael J Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Dankner
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Jesse Roth
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
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13
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Geers NC, Zegel M, Huybregts JGJ, Niessen FB. The Influence of Preoperative Interventions on Postoperative Surgical Wound Healing in Patients Without Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. Aesthet Surg J 2018; 38:1237-1249. [PMID: 29596560 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor wound healing and scar formation remain critical problems in daily surgical practice. Generally, most attention is paid to intra- and postoperative interventions to improve wound healing after surgery, while preoperative interventions remain unsatisfactorily explored. OBJECTIVES In this systematic review, the available literature on the beneficial effects of preoperative interventions on wound healing and scar formation have been summarized and compared. METHODS A comprehensive and systematic search has been conducted in MEDLINE, Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane, supplemented by reference and citation tracking. All preoperative interventions and all clinically relevant outcome parameters have been considered for inclusion, due to the expected limited availability of literature. RESULTS A total of 13 studies were included, which were all randomized trials. No cohort studies or retrospective studies have been identified. All studies described different preoperative interventions and outcome parameters and could hence not be pooled and compared. Eight studies showed significantly better wound healing after a preoperative intervention. The individual studies have been summarized in this review. CONCLUSIONS This systemic review shows that preoperative interventions can be beneficial in improving wound healing and scar formation. In selected cases, wound healing was found to benefit from a higher preoperative body temperature, topical vitamin E application, and low patient stress levels. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki C Geers
- Department of Plastic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits Zegel
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen G J Huybregts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center & Haaglanden Medical Center, Leiden/The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Frank B Niessen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Schencke C, Vasconcellos A, Sandoval C, Torres P, Acevedo F, Del Sol M. Morphometric evaluation of wound healing in burns treated with Ulmo ( Eucryphia cordifolia) honey alone and supplemented with ascorbic acid in guinea pig ( Cavia porcellus). BURNS & TRAUMA 2016; 4:25. [PMID: 27730208 PMCID: PMC5047054 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-016-0050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of the search for cost-efficient treatments, Ulmo (Eurcyphia cordifolia) honey is an excellent alternative for treating burn wounds and could have a profound medical, social, and economic impact. Ascorbic acid is an enzymatic co-factor necessary for the synthesis of collagen and the proliferation of fibroblasts and has been proposed as a coadjuvant to strengthen the healing effects of honey. The aim of this work was to evaluate by morphometric studies the healing wounds caused by burns treated with Ulmo honey alone and supplemented with ascorbic acid in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). METHODS Fifteen guinea pigs were used and divided randomly into three groups: positive control (C+), experimental with unsupplemented honey (H), and experimental with supplemented honey (SH). A uniform deep burn covering 1 cm2 of the back skin was performed. The following indices were calculated for the morphometric study: superficial contraction index of the wound, deep contraction index of the wound, wound severity index, global healing index, global contraction index, and dermal proliferation area. RESULTS The superficial contraction index of the wound, global healing index, global contraction, and dermal proliferation area values of the experimental with supplemented honey group were higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS According to these results, the combination of honey with an antioxidant (ascorbic acid) promotes an appropriate action to support the healing effect. This study showed that by supplementing the Ulmo honey with ascorbic acid, the healing and contraction effects can be strengthened in burn wounds compared to unsupplemented honey. These results were proof of the synergy between honey and ascorbic acid in healing burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Schencke
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile ; CONICYT-PCHA/National Doctorate Programme/2014-21141130, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Cristian Sandoval
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile ; CIMA Research Group, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile ; CONICYT-PCHA/Doctorado Nacional/2015-21150991, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Torres
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Francisca Acevedo
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mariano Del Sol
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile ; Centro de Excelencia en Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos (CEMyQ), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile ; Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
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Ellinger S. Micronutrients, Arginine, and Glutamine: Does Supplementation Provide an Efficient Tool for Prevention and Treatment of Different Kinds of Wounds? Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:691-707. [PMID: 25371852 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Wound-healing complications are a clinical problem with a considerable socioeconomic burden. Since several nutrients play a physiological role in wound healing, supplementation of these nutrients may improve wound healing. Recent Advances: Oral nutritional supplements and enteral formulas providing arginine, glutamine, and micronutrients such as ascorbic acid and zinc should improve the healing of pressure ulcers (PU) and the healing of surgical, traumatic, and burned wounds. Is their efficacy proved from clinical intervention trials? Critical Issues: Formulas that are rich in energy, protein, arginine, vitamin C, and zinc can improve PU healing, whereas their efficacy for PU prevention is less clear. High-dose supplementation of vitamin C, zinc, and pantothenic acid may improve the healing of surgical wounds in healthy subjects. Arginine lowers the risk of fistulas in patients undergoing elective surgery due to gastrointestinal cancer. However, formulations also enriched with n-3-fatty acids and ribonucleic acids lower the risk of several wound complications, thus being more effective than isolated arginine. Glutamine and antioxidant micronutrients (vitamin C and E, zinc, selenium, and copper) can improve the healing of surgical, traumatic, and burned wounds. Future Directions: Considerable evidence suggests that formulations, indicated especially for critically ill patients, support the healing of PU and the healing of surgical and burned wounds. However, their optimal composition with regard to the dose of individual components has to be determined in future studies. Further well-designed trials should investigate the impact of certain nutrients for the prevention of PU and for the healing of surgical wounds in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ellinger
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Hospitality Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach, Germany
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Lee J, Park JC, Jung UW, Choi SH, Cho KS, Park YK, Kim CS. Improvement in periodontal healing after periodontal surgery supported by nutritional supplement drinks. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2014; 44:109-17. [PMID: 24921054 PMCID: PMC4050227 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2014.44.3.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeri Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jung-Chul Park
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoo-Sung Cho
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Kyoung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Chang-Sung Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Valadbeigi Y, Farrokhpour H, Tabrizchi M. DFT study on the isomerization and tautomerism in vitamins B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid) and B7 (biotin). Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Petroianu A, Alberti LR. Efeito da suplementação oral de vitamina C na resistência anastomótica intestinal. Rev Col Bras Cir 2011; 38:54-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912011000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2001] [Accepted: 03/12/2001] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Comparar a resistência cicatricial de anastomoses e de segmentos íntegros jejunais de ratos, submetidos à administração de vitamina C, em distintos períodos pós-operatórios. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 50 ratos Wistar, submetidos a enterotomia seguida de anastomose término-terminal de segmento jejunal, a 10 cm da flexura duodenojejunal. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos (n=25): Grupo I - controle; Grupo II - administração de vitamina C oral 100 mg/kg. Avaliaram-se as pressões de ruptura anastomótica e do segmento íntegro jejunal nos 3º, 5º, 7º, 21º E 28º dias do pós-peratório. RESULTADOS: Os ratos que receberam vitamina C apresentaram pressão de ruptura anastomótica maior nos 5º, 7º, e 28º dias pós-operatórios. O mesmo ocorreu com as pressões de ruptura do segmento íntegro jejunal dos ratos. CONCLUSÃO: A vitamina C aumentou a resistência das anastomoses jejunais dos ratos, tanto no pós-operatório imediato quanto no tardio. Além disso, a resistência final dos segmentos jejunais íntegros dos ratos submetidos à administração de vitamina C foi significativamente maior do que no Grupo Controle.
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Petroianu A, Alberti LR, Souza SDE, Martins SG. Efeito do ácido ascórbico e da hidrocortisona na cicatrização anastomótica intestinal. Rev Col Bras Cir 2009; 36:509-13. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912009000600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Comparar a resistência cicatricial de anastomoses jejunais em ratos, submetidos à administração de vitamina C e de hidrocortisona, em distintos períodos pós-operatórios. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 40 ratos Wistar, submetidos à secção e subsequente anastomose término-terminal de segmento jejunal, a 10 cm da flexura duodenojejunal. Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro grupos (n=10): Grupo I - controle; Grupo II - administração de vitamina C oral 100 mg/kg; Grupo III - administração de hidrocortisona intraperitoneal 10 mg/kg; Grupo IV - administração de vitamina C mais hidrocortisona nas doses e vias de administração acima. Avaliaram-se as pressões de ruptura anastomótica no 5º e 21º dias do pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Os ratos que receberam vitamina C isolada ou associada a hidrocortisona tenderam a ter pressão de ruptura maior do que os demais grupos, tanto no 5º quanto no 21º dia pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: A vitamina C contribui para aumentar a resistência das anastomoses jejunais dos ratos durante os primeiros cinco dias do pós-operatório. A resistência das anastomoses jejunais murinas foi pouco influenciada pela administração de corticóide intraperitoneal.
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Ellinger S, Stehle P. Efficacy of vitamin supplementation in situations with wound healing disorders: results from clinical intervention studies. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009; 12:588-95. [PMID: 19770648 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e328331a5b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review evaluates the efficacy of vitamin supplementations for prevention and treatment of pressure ulcer and surgical wounds on the basis of recent clinical intervention studies. RECENT FINDINGS Intervention studies show that an energy and protein-rich oral nutritional supplement providing high doses of vitamin C and zinc in combination with arginine may prevent the development of pressure ulcers. This measure seems to improve the healing of pressure ulcer, which is questionable for vitamin C alone. For surgical wounds, data from randomized controlled studies are scarce, but results on the use of vitamin C in combination with pantothenic acid are promising. SUMMARY Considerable evidence suggests that supplementation of vitamin C together with zinc by an oral nutritional supplement rich in energy, protein and arginine may be an efficient tool for pressure ulcer healing in contrast to single vitamin C. The evidence for prevention of pressure ulcer by such an oral nutritional supplement is comparably low. This fits also for single vitamin C supplementation in the healing of surgical wounds. Further, well designed and well powered studies on the benefit of antioxidant vitamins for wound healing within a diet providing adequate energy and protein are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ellinger
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences - Nutrition Physiology, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 11-13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Dash R, Acharya C, Bindu P, Kundu S. Antioxidant potential of silk protein sericin against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in skin fibroblasts. BMB Rep 2008; 41:236-41. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.3.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Jagetia GC, Rajanikant GK, Mallikarjun Rao KVN. Ascorbic acid increases healing of excision wounds of mice whole body exposed to different doses of gamma-radiation. Burns 2007; 33:484-94. [PMID: 17223272 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Because of the practical importance of acute radiation exposure associated with combined injuries, it is imperative to investigate the efficacy of cost-effective nutritional factors in the reconstruction of irradiated wounds. Therefore, effect of pretreatment of ascorbic acid was studied on the healing of excised wounds in mice exposed to 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy whole body gamma-radiation. A full-thickness wound was created on the dorsum of the irradiated mice and the progression of wound contraction was monitored by capturing video images of the wound at various varying days after irradiation. Irradiation caused a dose dependent delay in wound contraction and wound healing time, while ascorbic acid pretreatment resulted in a significant acceleration in the rate of wound contraction and a decrease in the mean wound healing time. To understand the mechanism of healing, collagen, hexosamine, DNA, nitrite and nitrate contents were measured in the granulation tissue of wounded mice treated with ascorbic acid before exposure to 6 Gy gamma-radiation. Ascorbic acid treatment prior to irradiation enhanced the synthesis of collagen, hexosamine, DNA, nitrite and nitrate contents. The histological assessment of wound biopsy revealed an improved collagen deposition, and increase in fibroblast and vascular densities. The present study demonstrates that ascorbic acid pretreatment has a beneficial effect on the irradiated wound and could be a substantial therapeutic strategy to accelerate wound repair in irradiated wounds and in the cases of combined injury situations.
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Neiva RF, Al-Shammari K, Nociti FH, Soehren S, Wang HL. Effects of Vitamin-B Complex Supplementation on Periodontal Wound Healing. J Periodontol 2005; 76:1084-91. [PMID: 16018750 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.7.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports have demonstrated that nutrient supplements, in particular vitamin-B complex (Vit-B), can positively influence wound healing processes. However, limited information is available on the effects of Vit-B on periodontal wound healing. METHODS A total of 30 patients (13 males, 17 females) presenting with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. All subjects presented > or = two teeth in the same sextant with probing depth (PD) > or =5 mm and bleeding upon probing (BOP) in need of access flap surgery (AFS). This study was a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Subjects were instructed to take one capsule a day of either Vit-B (50 mg of the following: thiamine HCl, riboflavin, niacinamide, d-calcium pantothenate, and pyridoxine HCl; 50 microg each of d-biotin and cyanocobalamin; and 400 mcg of folate) or placebo for 30 days following AFS. Clinical attachment levels (CAL) and N-benzoyl-dl-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA) test scores were measured at baseline and at 90 and 180 days following surgical intervention. Assessments of the healing response were also performed using BOP, gingival index (GI), and plaque index (Pl) at baseline and 7, 14, 30, 90, and 180 days. The mean results of each parameter were averaged within a group. Differences between groups were analyzed by using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Both groups experienced comparable levels of PD reduction following AFS (test: -1.57 +/- 0.34; control: -1.50 +/- 0.21). Changes in mean CAL were more favorable in Vit-B supplemented subjects (test: +0.41 +/- 0.12; control: -0.52 +/- 0.23; P = 0.024). Stratified data demonstrated significantly better results for the test group in both shallow (test: -0.08 +/- 0.03; control: -1.11 +/- 0.27; P = 0.032) and deep sites (test: +1.69 +/- 0.31; control: +0.74 +/- 0.23; P = 0.037). No significant differences were observed between groups regarding PI, GI, and BOP. BANA test values were significantly reduced in both groups after surgical treatment and no significant differences were noted between groups. CONCLUSION Vitamin B-complex supplement in combination with AFS resulted in statistically significant superior CAL gains when compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F Neiva
- Department of Periodontics/Prevention/Geriatrics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
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Neiva RF, Steigenga J, Al-Shammari KF, Wang HL. Effects of specific nutrients on periodontal disease onset, progression and treatment. J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30:579-89. [PMID: 12834494 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to review the available literature pertaining to the effects of specific nutritional elements (e.g. vitamin B-complex, vitamin C and dietary calcium) on general wound healing, periodontal disease status and response to periodontal therapy. METHODS Critical appraisal of various studies that have evaluated the effects of calcium, ascorbic acid and vitamin B-complex in wound healing and periodontal treatment. RESULTS Periodontal disease onset, progression and response to therapeutic interventions have been shown to be influenced by several systemic, local and environmental modifying factors. Nutritional supplementation has been suggested as a possible influencing factor on periodontal status and wound healing. Several studies have reported various degrees of association between nutritional elements/supplements and periodontal status, and others have reported possible positive influences of nutritional supplementation on periodontal therapeutic outcomes. Future research needs to more fully explore the presence and strength of association between nutrition and periodontal health. CONCLUSIONS Data collected from the literature suggests that nutrient supplementation causes minimal or no side effects. However, the efficacy of prophylactic nutrient supplementation for the prevention of the onset and progression of periodontal disease, or for the enhancement of periodontal wound healing, remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F Neiva
- Department of Periodontics/Prevention/Geriatrics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
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Chandra Jagetia G, Rajanikant GK, Rao SK, Shrinath Baliga M. Alteration in the glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidation by ascorbic acid in the skin of mice exposed to fractionated gamma radiation. Clin Chim Acta 2003; 332:111-21. [PMID: 12763288 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(03)00132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of the immense therapeutic gains produced by the fractionated irradiation (IR) regimen, radiation burden on the skin increases significantly. Protection of skin might enable use of higher radiation doses for better therapeutic gains. Ascorbic acid (AA), an essential ingredient of the human diet, is known to be a free radical scavenger and radioprotective agent. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid on the radiation-induced changes in the status of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation (LPx) in the skin of mice exposed to 10, 16 and 20 Gy of fractionated gamma radiation. METHODS One group of the animals was administered daily with double distilled water (DDW), while the other group received 250 mg/kg b. wt. of ascorbic acid once daily, consecutively for 5, 8 or 10 days, before hemibody (below rib cage) exposure to 2 Gy/day of gamma-rays. Skin biopsies from both the groups were collected for the biochemical estimations. RESULTS The irradiation of animals resulted in a dose-dependent decline in the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione contents. Ascorbic acid pretreatment resulted in a significant increase in the activities of both the enzymes and glutathione in the irradiated mouse skin. Normal concentrations of glutathione could not be restored even by day 6 post-irradiation. Conversely, lipid peroxidation increased in a dose-dependent manner in both the groups reaching a peak concentration by 3 h post-irradiation, while the ascorbic acid pretreatment inhibited the radiation-induced increase in lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSIONS The ascorbic acid treatment arrested the decline in the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, glutathione contents and inhibited the radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in the skin of mice exposed to different doses of fractionated gamma radiation.
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Jagetia GC, Rajanikant GK, Rao SK. Evaluation of the effect of ascorbic acid treatment on wound healing in mice exposed to different doses of fractionated gamma radiation. Radiat Res 2003; 159:371-80. [PMID: 12600240 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0371:eoteoa]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Alteration of the radiation-induced changes in wound contraction, collagen synthesis and wound histology by ascorbic acid was studied in mice exposed to 10, 16 and 20 Gy of fractionated (2 Gy/fraction) gamma radiation. The animals were given double-distilled water or ascorbic acid daily before exposure to 2 Gy/day of fractionated irradiation. A full-thickness skin wound was created on the dorsum of the irradiated mice, and the progression of wound contraction and collagen synthesis were examined and histological evaluations were carried out at various times after wounding. Irradiation caused a dose-dependent delay in wound contraction, and pretreatment with ascorbic acid resulted in a significant increase in wound contraction. The greatest increase in wound contraction was observed 6 and 9 days after wounding in both groups. Pretreatment with ascorbic acid augmented the synthesis of collagen significantly as revealed by an increase in hydroxyproline content. The collagen deposition and fibroblast and vasculature densities declined in a dose-dependent manner in groups receiving radiation alone as indicated by histological evaluation. Pretreatment with ascorbic acid ameliorated the observed effect significantly. These studies demonstrate that pretreatment with ascorbic acid resulted in a significant reduction of radiation-induced delay in wound healing as shown by earlier wound closure and increased collagen content and fibroblast and vascular densities.
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Wojtczak L, Slyshenkov VS. Protection by pantothenic acid against apoptosis and cell damage by oxygen free radicals--the role of glutathione. Biofactors 2003; 17:61-73. [PMID: 12897429 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520170107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lech Wojtczak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Slyshenkov VS, Piwocka K, Sikora E, Wojtczak L. Pantothenic acid protects jurkat cells against ultraviolet light-induced apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 30:1303-10. [PMID: 11368928 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Human leukemic T lymphocytes (Jurkat cells) were induced to undergo apoptosis by brief irradiation with ultraviolet C light (254 nm). This was accompanied by accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the form of conjugated dienes, a decrease of total glutathione content, and a shift of its redox state towards the oxidized form. Preincubation of the cells with 1 mM pantothenate resulted in a significant elevation of total glutathione content of the cells, reaching its maximum level, 160% of the control, after 3 h. Similar increase was observed after preincubation with 5 mM N-acetylcysteine, a known precursor of glutathione. Both pantothenic acid and N-acetylcysteine alleviated the ultraviolet-induced decrease of glutathione content, diminished lipid peroxidation, and partly protected the cells against apoptosis produced by ultraviolet irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Slyshenkov
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Petroianu A, Souza SD, Martins SG, Alberti LR. [Influence of ascorbic acid on anastomosis and in jejunal loop in rat]. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2001; 38:48-52. [PMID: 11582963 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032001000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of vitamin C on anastomotic healing process are controversial. OBJECTIVE To compare the jejunal anastomotic tension and in the upright segment in different postoperative periods. METHOD Fifty male rats weighing 250 to 400 grams were submitted to laparotomy. The jejunum was transversally cut 10 cm from the duodenojejunal flexure, and subsequently anastomosed. The rats were divided into two groups (n = 25). Group I--control, Group II--oral administration of vitamin C (100 mg/kg). The anastomotic and the upright segment resistance was determined by using bursting pressure test on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 21st and 28th postoperative days. RESULTS The rats submitted to oral administration of ascorbic acid show higher bursting pressure on the 5th, 7th and 28th postoperative days. The bursting resistances of the upright segment was higher on the rats submitted to vitamin C ingestion. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin C enhances the anastomotic and jejunal resistances. Moreover, the final resistance on the upright jejunal segment was significant higher than in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Petroianu
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-FM-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG
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Petroianu A, Souza SDE, Martins SG, Alberti LR, Vasconcellos LDS. Influência da vitamina C e da hidrocortisona sobre a tensão anastomótica jejunal em ratos. Acta Cir Bras 2000. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502000000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O efeito da vitamina C e da hidrocortisona sobre os processos cicatriciais anastomóticos apresenta resultados conflitantes na literatura. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de comparar a resistência cicatricial de anastomoses jejunais em ratos, submetidos à administração de vitamina C e de hidrocortisona, em distintos períodos pós-operatórios. Foram estudados 40 ratos Wistar, submetidos a secção e subseqüente anastomose término-terminal de segmento jejunal, a 10 cm da flexura duodenojejunal. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=10): Grupo I - controle; Grupo II - administração de vitamina C oral 100 mg/kg; Grupo III - administração de hidrocortisona intraperitoneal 10 mg/kg; Grupo IV - administração de vitamina C mais hidrocortisona nas doses e vias de administração acima. Avaliaram-se as pressões de ruptura anastomótica nos 5 º e 21º dias pós-operatórios. Os ratos que receberam vitamina C isolada ou associada a hidrocortisona tenderam a uma pressão de ruptura maior do que os demais grupos, tanto no 5º quanto no 21º dias pós-operatórios. Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem que a vitamina C contribui para aumentar a resistência das anastomoses jejunais dos ratos durante os primeiros 5 dias pós-operatórios. A resistência das anastomoses jejunais murinas foi pouco influenciada pela administração de corticóide intraperitoneal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Petroianu
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Universidade de São Paulo; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
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Rojas AI, Phillips TJ. Patients with chronic leg ulcers show diminished levels of vitamins A and E, carotenes, and zinc. Dermatol Surg 1999; 25:601-4. [PMID: 10491041 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.99074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition plays an important role in the wound healing process, particularly in the elderly. OBJECTIVE Comparison of nutritional serum indices between patients with chronic leg ulcers and an age-matched control population. METHODS Seventeen patients with chronic leg ulcers (age range 47-90) were studied. A panel of vitamins (A, B1, B2, B6, B12, E), trace elements (zinc, copper, iron), folate, and carotene levels were screened on fasting blood samples. Study data were compared with data obtained from the nutritional status survey (NSS) in the greater Boston area. RESULTS Significantly lower levels of vitamin A (P < 0.0001), zinc (P < 0. 0001 men, P = 0.027 women) and carotenes (P = 0.0023 men, P = 0.0067 women) were found in chronic ulcer patients. Significantly lower levels of vitamin E (P < 0.009) were observed in the men with a tendency to lower levels in women. CONCLUSION Elderly Bostonian patients with chronic leg ulcers have low levels of vitamins A and E, carotenes, and zinc. Nutritional deficiency or increased consumption of nutritional elements in these patients may influence wound healing rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Rojas
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Flour M, Degreef H. Pharmacological treatment of wounds. SEMINARS IN CUTANEOUS MEDICINE AND SURGERY 1998; 17:260-5. [PMID: 9859913 DOI: 10.1016/s1085-5629(98)80022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic treatment of patients with wounds can be directed at several physiological aspects of healing during the consecutive phases of tissue repair. Many approaches to pharmacological treatment have been tested in vitro, in animal experiments, or in clinical studies. Investigators and clinicians focus on treating underlying metabolic, infectious, inflammatory, or hemorrheological diseases and their complications. Drug treatment is often adjuvant or complementary to other measures such as compression, surgical intervention, reconstruction, or reopening procedures. This compounding fact can render interpretation of the results more difficult. As systemic treatment is not always without side-effects; local wound management is an option to consider. Topically applied growth factors certainly have the potential to influence the healing process. An indirect way of providing growth factors to wounds and chronic ulcers can be achieved by the application of grafts, cultured keratinocytes, and skin substitutes. Modulation of angiogenesis during wound healing is a recent target for research and treatment. Future reviews probably also will include genetic engineering methods for influencing wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flour
- Department of Dermatology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
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Ogawara M, Aoki K, Okiji T, Suda H. Effect of ascorbic acid deficiency on primary and reparative dentinogenesis in non-ascorbate-synthesizing ODS rats. Arch Oral Biol 1997; 42:695-704. [PMID: 9447259 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(97)00068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid is essential to the biosynthesis of collagen, the major organic matrix component of dentine. The ODS rat is a mutant strain of Wistar rat characterized by hereditary lack of L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase and thus is unable to synthesize ascorbic acid. ODS rats were given an ascorbic acid-free diet to investigate how ascorbic acid deficiency affects dentine formation in vivo. Histomorphometric analysis on their growing molars and incisors showed a significant reduction in both size and mineral apposition rate of dentine, as revealed by contact microradiography and fluorescent time-marking, respectively. A similar reduction in bone formation was simultaneously demonstrated in the mandible, confirming the previously reported osteopathic effects of ascorbic acid deficiency. When pulp inflammation was induced in lower first molars by making unsealed pulp exposures, specimens from control animals showed continuous deposition of an osteodentine-like tissue in the radicular pulp chamber; this type of mineralized tissue formation was greatly reduced in ascorbic acid-deprived animals. These results indicate that ascorbic acid deficiency hampers dentine formation under both physiological and pathological conditions of the dentine/pulp complex. ODS rats could be useful in investigating in vivo effects of ascorbic acid deficiency on the formation of dentine and other dental mineralized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogawara
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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