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Comparing chromosomal and mitochondrial phylogenies of sportive lemurs (Genus Lepilemur, Primates). Chromosome Res 2008; 16:1143-58. [PMID: 19067195 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-008-1265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years several new sportive lemur species (genus Lepilemur) have been described. In contrast to other lemur taxa, the genus shows comparatively high chromosomal variability, which, in addition to molecular data, can be used to infer phylogenetic relationships within the genus. By comparing R-banding patterns and fluorescence in-situ hybridization data, we detected chromosomal rearrangements that occurred during speciation within the genus. The analysis of these data with cladistic methods resulted in a dichotomic phylogenetic tree comparable to that obtained from mitochondrial sequence data. However, a phase of reticulation can not be excluded from the evolution of Lepilemur. Although some incongruences were detected, both phylogenies show similar patterns concerning relationships of the basal and terminal splits. We therefore hypothesize that both, chromosome rearrangements and molecular mutations, alone or in combination, contributed to the speciation process in sportive lemurs.
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Horvath JE, Willard HF. Primate comparative genomics: lemur biology and evolution. Trends Genet 2007; 23:173-82. [PMID: 17331617 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Comparative genome sequencing projects are providing insight into aspects of genome biology that raise new questions and challenge existing paradigms. Placement in the phylogenetic tree can often be a major determinant of which organism to choose for study. Lemurs hold a key position at the base of the primate evolutionary tree and will be highly informative for the genomics community by offering comparisons of primate-specific characteristics and processes. Combining research in chromosome evolution, genome evolution and behavior with lemur comparative genomic sequencing will offer insights into many levels of primate evolution. We discuss the current state of lemur cytogenetic and phylogenetic analyses, and suggest how focusing more genomic efforts on lemurs will be beneficial to understanding human and primate evolution, as well as disease, and will contribute to conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Horvath
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Andriaholinirina N, Fausser JL, Roos C, Zinner D, Thalmann U, Rabarivola C, Ravoarimanana I, Ganzhorn JU, Meier B, Hilgartner R, Walter L, Zaramody A, Langer C, Hahn T, Zimmermann E, Radespiel U, Craul M, Tomiuk J, Tattersall I, Rumpler Y. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the sportive lemurs (Lepilemur, Primates). BMC Evol Biol 2006; 6:17. [PMID: 16504080 PMCID: PMC1397877 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of species within the Malagasy genus Lepilemur and their phylogenetic relationships is disputed and controversial. In order to establish their evolutionary relationships, a comparative cytogenetic and molecular study was performed. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) from 68 individuals representing all eight sportive lemur species and most major populations, and compared the results with those obtained from cytogenetic studies derived from 99 specimens. RESULTS Interspecific genetic variation, diagnostic characters and significantly supported phylogenetic relationships were obtained from the mitochondrial sequence data and are in agreement with cytogenetic information. The results confirm the distinctiveness of Lepilemur ankaranensis, L. dorsalis, L. edwardsi, L. leucopus, L. microdon, L. mustelinus, L. ruficaudatus and L. septentrionalis on species level. Additionally, within L. ruficaudatus large genetic differences were observed among different geographic populations. L. dorsalis from Sahamalaza Peninsula and from the Ambanja/Nosy Be region are paraphyletic, with the latter forming a sister group to L. ankaranensis. CONCLUSION Our results support the classification of the eight major sportive lemur taxa as independent species. Moreover, our data indicate further cryptic speciation events within L. ruficaudatus and L. dorsalis. Based on molecular data we propose to recognize the sportive lemur populations from north of the Tsiribihina River, south of the Betsiboka River, and from the Sahamalaza Peninsula, as distinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Andriaholinirina
- Institut d'Embryologie, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine-EA3428, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg, France
- Faculté des Sciences Dépt. d'Anthropologie Biologique, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Jean-Luc Fausser
- Institut d'Embryologie, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine-EA3428, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Gene Bank of Primates, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Urs Thalmann
- Anthropological Institute, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jörg U Ganzhorn
- Abt. Tierökologie und Naturschutz, Biozentrum Grindel, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Roland Hilgartner
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alphonse Zaramody
- Université de Mahajanga, Faculté des Sciences, Dépt. de Biologie Animale, B.P. 652, Mahajanga 401, Madagascar
| | | | - Thomas Hahn
- Dept. of Cell Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Zimmermann
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ute Radespiel
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Craul
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Tomiuk
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ian Tattersall
- Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History New York, New York 10024, USA
| | - Yves Rumpler
- Institut d'Embryologie, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine-EA3428, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg, France
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Klonisch T, Froehlich C, Tetens F, Fischer B, Hombach-Klonisch S. Molecular remodeling of members of the relaxin family during primate evolution. Mol Biol Evol 2001; 18:393-403. [PMID: 11230540 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Employing comparative analysis of the cDNA-coding sequences of the unique preprorelaxin of the Afro-lorisiform Galago crassicaudatus and the Malagasy lemur Varecia variegata and the relaxin-like factor (RLF) of G. crassicaudatus, we demonstrated distinct differences in the dynamics of molecular remodeling of both hormones during primate evolution. The lorisiform and lemuriform preprorelaxin sequences encoded identical hormones, providing the first endocrinological evidence for the monophyletic origin of all Strepsirrhini. Structural analysis revealed the lemuriform members of the relaxin family to be potentially bioactive single-gene products. In contrast to the "two-prong" relaxin receptor-binding motif (RELVR) present within the B-domains of other primate relaxins, strepsirrhine relaxin contained a unique "three-prong" motif (RRLIR) with highest sequence homology to the receptor-binding motif of the evolutionarily much older skate relaxin. In contrast to relaxin, the RLF molecule was highly conserved during primate evolution and contained within its B-domain the putative relaxin receptor-binding motif and a pentameric sequence implicated in binding to specific RLF receptors. Mutually exclusive expression of strepsirrhine preprorelaxin and RLF were observed in the fetal villous trophoblast cells of the strepsirrhine placenta and postpubertal testicular Leydig cells, respectively, reflecting distinct functional roles for both hormones within the reproductive tract of Strepsirrhini.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Klonisch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Faculty of Medicine, Halle/Saale, Germany.
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