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Korsager LEH, Bjørn N, Ellebæk MB, Christensen LG, Qvist N. Full-Thickness Rectal Biopsy in Children Suspected of Having Hirschsprung's Disease: The Inconclusive Biopsy. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1619. [PMID: 37892282 PMCID: PMC10605644 DOI: 10.3390/children10101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease relies on histologically proven aganglionosis and nerve trunk hypertrophy in rectal biopsies. Although the frequency of inconclusive biopsies is relatively low, it is a relevant clinical problem. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a re-evaluation of archived full-thickness biopsies (FTBs) stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), together with immune histochemical (IHC) staining, would be diagnostic in biopsies otherwise deemed inconclusive at initial examination with HE only. A total of 34 inconclusive biopsies in 31 patients were identified. From each tissue block, three slices were cut and stained with HE, S100 and calretinin. A blinded pathologist examined the tissue samples. At re-evaluation, one patient was found positive for HD and 11 negative for HD with both HE and IHC staining, respectively. In all 12 cases, the result was confirmed by the final diagnosis at a 5-year follow-up. The rest of the cases were deemed inconclusive. A re-evaluation of the remaining tissue from the biobank might have saved one third of the children from a re-biopsy. The value of adding IHC to conventional HE staining is dubious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leise Elisabeth Hviid Korsager
- Research Unit for Surgery, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.E.H.K.); (N.B.); (M.B.E.)
| | - Niels Bjørn
- Research Unit for Surgery, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.E.H.K.); (N.B.); (M.B.E.)
- Centre of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Diseases and Malformations in Infancy and Childhood (GAIN), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mark Bremholm Ellebæk
- Research Unit for Surgery, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.E.H.K.); (N.B.); (M.B.E.)
- Centre of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Diseases and Malformations in Infancy and Childhood (GAIN), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Gaardsmand Christensen
- Research Unit for Pathology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Niels Qvist
- Research Unit for Surgery, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (L.E.H.K.); (N.B.); (M.B.E.)
- Centre of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Diseases and Malformations in Infancy and Childhood (GAIN), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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2
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Tomar MPS, Bansal N. Enzyme histochemical characterization of orbital glands in fetuses of Indian buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis). PeerJ 2023; 11:e15196. [PMID: 37065703 PMCID: PMC10100827 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The orbital glands, viz. lacrimal gland, superficial and deep gland of third eyelid (LG, SGT and HG), are important for normal eye functions. These glands have different functions in various animals. The information about the enzyme histochemical nature of prenatal orbital glands in Indian buffalo seems to be unavailable. Therefore, the study was planned on orbital glands of six full term recently died fetuses from animals with dystocia. Methods The frozen sections of all these glands were subjected to standard localization protocols for Alkaline Phosphatase (AKPase), Glucose 6 phosphatase (G-6-Pase), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Hydrogen Diaphorase (NADHD), Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen diaphorase (NADPHD), Dihydroxy phenylalanine oxidase (DOPA-O), Tyrosinase, non-specific esterase (NSE) and Carbonic anhydrase (CAse). Results The results revealed a mixed spectrum of reaction for the above enzymes in LG, SGT and HG which ranged from moderate (for LDH in SGT) to intense (for most of the enzymes in all three glands). However, DOPA-O, Tyrosinase and CAse did not show any reaction. From the present study, it can be postulated that the orbital glands of fetus have a high activity of metabolism as it has many developmental and functional activities which were mediated with the higher activity of the enzymes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neelam Bansal
- Veterinary Anatomy, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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3
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Orozco-Ibarra M, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Jiménez-Uribe AP, Hernández-Cruz EY, Aranda-Rivera AK, Amador-Martínez I, Fernández-Valverde F, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Assessment of Kidney Mitochondrial Function by High-Resolution Respirometry, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Histological Techniques. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2664:283-308. [PMID: 37423995 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3179-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Proper kidney function depends highly on mitochondria homeostasis. This organelle is the primary source of ATP production in the kidney and regulates other cellular processes such as redox and calcium homeostasis. Although the mitochondria's primary recognized function is cellular energy production, through the function of the Krebs cycle, electron transport system (ETS), as well as oxygen and electrochemical gradient consumption, this function is interconnected with multiple signaling and metabolic pathways, making bioenergetics a central hub in renal metabolism. Furthermore, mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and mass are also strongly related to bioenergetics. This central role is not surprising given that mitochondrial impairment, including functional and structural alterations, has been recently reported in several kidney diseases. Here, we describe assessment of mitochondrial mass, structure, and bioenergetics in kidney tissue and renal-derived cell lines. These methods allow investigation of mitochondrial alterations in kidney tissue and renal cells under different experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Orozco-Ibarra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexis Paulina Jiménez-Uribe
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Estefani Yaquelin Hernández-Cruz
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Amador-Martínez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisca Fernández-Valverde
- Laboratorio de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
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4
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Chiriboga L, Callis GM, Wang Y, Chlipala E. Guide for collecting and reporting metadata on protocol variables and parameters from slide-based histotechnology assays to enhance reproducibility. J Histotechnol 2022; 45:132-147. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2022.2134022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYULH Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yongfu Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas, MO, USA
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5
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Grković I, Mitrović N, Dragić M. Ectonucleotidases in the hippocampus: Spatial distribution and expression after ovariectomy and estradiol replacement. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 118:199-221. [PMID: 35180927 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular purine nucleotides, such as adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), are important modulators of hippocampal function and plasticity. In the extracellular space, ATP is inherently short-lived molecule, which undergoes rapid enzymatic degradation to adenosine by ectonucleotidases. Given that ectonucleotidases have distinct and overlapping distribution in the hippocampus, and as ovarian hormones participate in a formation, maturation, and a refinement of synaptic contacts, both during development and in adulthood, the present chapter summarizes known data about spatial distribution of selected ecto-enzymes and estradiol-induced effects on ectonucleotidases in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Grković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nataša Mitrović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragić
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Takeo E, Sugiura Y, Ohnishi Y, Kishima H, Fukusaki E, Shimma S. Mass Spectrometric Enzyme Histochemistry for Choline Acetyltransferase Reveals De Novo Acetylcholine Synthesis in Rodent Brain and Spinal Cord. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2079-2087. [PMID: 34078081 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), responsible for the synthesis of acetylcholine, plays an important role in neurotransmission. However, no method to visualize the ChAT activity in tissues has been reported to date. In this study, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was used to visualize ChAT activity in situ, which is difficult with conventional enzyme histochemistry. By using choline chloride-trimethyl-d9 (choline-d9) as a substrate and simultaneously supplying an inhibitor of cholinesterase to tissues, we succeeded in directly visualizing the ChAT activity in the rodent brain and spinal cord. The findings revealed heterogeneous ChAT activity in the striatum of the mouse brain and in the spinal lower motor neurons that connect the anterior horn to the ventral root. Furthermore, extending the developed method to spinal cord injury (SCI) model mice revealed the site-specific effect of primary and secondary injury on ChAT activity. This study shows that the MSI-based enzyme histochemistry of ChAT could be a useful tool for studying cholinergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takeo
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohnishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate school of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kishima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate school of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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7
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Takeo E, Fukusaki E, Shimma S. Mass Spectrometric Enzyme Histochemistry Method Developed for Visualizing In Situ Cholinesterase Activity in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12379-12386. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takeo
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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8
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Dragić M, Zarić M, Mitrović N, Nedeljković N, Grković I. Application of Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Analysis as a New Method for Enzyme Histochemistry Quantification. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:690-698. [PMID: 30714562 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618016306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme histochemistry is a valuable histological method which provides a connection between morphology, activity, and spatial localization of investigated enzymes. Even though the method relies purely on arbitrary evaluations performed by the human eye, it is still wildly accepted and used in histo(patho)logy. Texture analysis emerged as an excellent tool for image quantification of subtle differences reflected in both spatial discrepancies and gray level values of pixels. The current study of texture analysis utilizes the gray-level co-occurrence matrix as a method for quantification of differences between ecto-5'-nucleotidase activities in healthy hippocampal tissue and tissue with marked neurodegeneration. We used the angular second moment, contrast (CON), correlation, inverse difference moment (INV), and entropy for texture analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis with immunoblot and qualitative assessment of enzyme histochemistry as a validation. Our results strongly argue that co-occurrence matrix analysis could be used for the determination of fine differences in the enzyme activities with the possibility to ascribe those differences to regions or specific cell types. In addition, it emerged that INV and CON are especially useful parameters for this type of enzyme histochemistry analysis. We concluded that texture analysis is a reliable method for quantification of this descriptive technique, thus removing biases and adding it a quantitative dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milorad Dragić
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics,Faculty of Biology,University of Belgrade,Belgrade,Studentski trg 3,11001 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Marina Zarić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology,Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade,Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14,11001 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Nataša Mitrović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology,Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade,Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14,11001 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Nadežda Nedeljković
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics,Faculty of Biology,University of Belgrade,Belgrade,Studentski trg 3,11001 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Ivana Grković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology,Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade,Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14,11001 Belgrade,Serbia
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9
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Pellicciari C. Histochemistry as a versatile research toolkit in biological research, not only an applied discipline in pathology. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62. [PMID: 30572698 PMCID: PMC6317132 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impressive progress of histochemistry over the last 50 years has led to setting up specific and sensitive techniques to describe dynamic events, through the detection of specific molecules in the very place where they exist in live cells. The scientific field where histochemistry has most largely been applied is histopathology, with the aim to identify disease-specific molecular markers or to elucidate the etiopathological mechanisms. Numerous authors did however apply histochemistry to a variety of other research fields; their interests range from the microanatomy of animal and plant organisms to the cellular mechanisms of life. This is especially apparent browsing the contents of the histochemical journals where the articles on subjects other than pathology are the majority; these journals still keep a pivotal role in the field of cell and tissue biology, while being a forum for a diverse range of biologists whose scientific interests expand the research horizon of histochemistry to ever novel subjects. Thus, histochemistry can always receive inspiring stimuli toward a continuous methodological refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pellicciari
- University of Pavia, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani".
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10
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Wang K, Donnarumma F, Baldone MD, Murray KK. Infrared laser ablation and capture of enzymes with conserved activity. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1027:41-46. [PMID: 29866268 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) laser ablation at 3 μm wavelength was used to extract enzymes from tissue and quantitatively determine their activity. Experiments were conducted with trypsin, which was ablated, captured and then used to digest bovine serum albumin (BSA). BSA digests were evaluated using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) and sequence coverage of 59% was achieved. Quantification was performed using trypsin and catalase standards and rat brain tissue by fluorescence spectroscopy. Both enzymes were reproducibly transferred with an efficiency of 75 ± 8% at laser fluences between 10 and 30 kJ/m2. Trypsin retained 37 ± 2% of its activity and catalase retained 50 ± 7%. The activity of catalase from tissue was tested using three consecutive 50 μm thick rat brain sections. Two 4 mm2 regions were ablated and captured from the cortex and cerebellum regions. The absolute catalase concentration in the two regions was consistent with previously published data, demonstrating transfer of intact enzymes from tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, United States
| | - Fabrizio Donnarumma
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, United States
| | - Matthew D Baldone
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, United States
| | - Kermit K Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, United States.
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11
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Severino P, Palomino DT, Alvarenga H, Almeida CB, Pasqualim DC, Cury A, Salvalaggio PR, De Vasconcelos Macedo AL, Andrade MC, Aloia T, Bromberg S, Rizzo LV, Rocha FA, Marti LC. Human Lymph Node-Derived Fibroblastic and Double-Negative Reticular Cells Alter Their Chemokines and Cytokines Expression Profile Following Inflammatory Stimuli. Front Immunol 2017; 8:141. [PMID: 28261205 PMCID: PMC5307266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) is a secondary lymphoid organ with highly organized and compartmentalized structure. LNs harbor B, T, and other cells among fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). FRCs are characterized by both podoplanin (PDPN/gp38) expression and by the lack of CD31 expression. FRCs are involved in several immune response processes but mechanisms underlying their function are still under investigation. Double-negative cells (DNCs), another cell population within LNs, are even less understood. They do not express PDPN or CD31, their localization within the LN is unknown, and their phenotype and function remain to be elucidated. This study evaluates the gene expression and cytokines and chemokines profile of human LN-derived FRCs and DNCs during homeostasis and following inflammatory stimuli. Cytokines and chemokines secreted by human FRCs and DNCs partially diverged from those identified in murine models that used similar stimulation. Cytokine and chemokine secretion and their receptors expression levels differed between stimulated DNCs and FRCs, with FRCs expressing a broader range of chemokines. Additionally, dendritic cells demonstrated increased migration toward FRCs, possibly due to chemokine-induced chemotaxis since migration was significantly decreased upon neutralization of secreted CCL2 and CCL20. Our study contributes to the understanding of the biology and functions of FRCs and DNCs and, accordingly, of the mechanisms involving them in immune cells activation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Severino
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Diana Torres Palomino
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Alergia e Imunopatologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heliene Alvarenga
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Alergia e Imunopatologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Bononi Almeida
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Cury
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Endocrinology Department, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paolo Rogério Salvalaggio
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Claudina Andrade
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Thiago Aloia
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Vicente Rizzo
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fernanda Agostini Rocha
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luciana C Marti
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , São Paulo , Brazil
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12
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Bivehed E, Strömvall R, Bergquist J, Bakalkin G, Andersson M. Region-specific bioconversion of dynorphin neuropeptide detected by in situ histochemistry and MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. Peptides 2017; 87:20-27. [PMID: 27840228 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain region-specific expression of proteolytic enzymes can control the biological activity of endogenous neuropeptides and has recently been targeted for the development of novel drugs, for neuropathic pain, cancer, and Parkinson's disease. Rapid and sensitive analytical methods to profile modulators of enzymatic activity are important for finding effective inhibitors with high therapeutic value. Combination of in situ enzyme histochemistry with MALDI imaging mass spectrometry allowed developing a highly sensitive method for analysis of brain-area specific neuropeptide conversion of synthetic and endogenous neuropeptides, and for selection of peptidase inhibitors that differentially target conversion enzymes at specific anatomical sites. Conversion and degradation products of Dynorphin B as model neuropeptide and effects of peptidase inhibitors applied to native brain tissue sections were analyzed at different brain locations. Synthetic dynorphin B (2pmol) was found to be converted to the N-terminal fragments on brain sections whereas fewer C-terminal fragments were detected. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a non-selective inhibitor of cysteine peptidases, almost completely blocked the conversion of dynorphin B to dynorphin B(1-6; Leu-Enk-Arg), (1-9), (2-13), and (7-13). Proteinase inhibitor cocktail, and also incubation with acetic acid displayed similar results. Bioconversion of synthetic dynorphin B was region-specific producing dynorphin B(1-7) in the cortex and dynorphin B (2-13) in the striatum. Enzyme inhibitors showed region- and enzyme-specific inhibition of dynorphin bioconversion. Both phosphoramidon (inhibitor of the known dynorphin converting enzyme neprilysin) and opiorphin (inhibitor of neprilysin and aminopeptidase N) blocked cortical bioconversion to dynorphin B(1-7), wheras only opiorphin blocked striatal bioconversion to dynorphin B(2-13). This method may impact the development of novel therapies with aim to strengthen the effects of endogenous neuropeptides under pathological conditions such as chronic pain. Combining histochemistry and MALDI imaging MS is a powerful and sensitive tool for the study of inhibition of enzyme activity directly in native tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Bivehed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
| | - Robert Strömvall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
| | - Georgy Bakalkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
| | - Malin Andersson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden.
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13
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Abou Gabal HH, Osman WM, Abd El Atti RM. Effectiveness of calretinin immunohistochemistry with digital morphometry in mapping of different segments of Hirschsprung disease. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 36:9-18. [DOI: 10.1097/01.xej.0000482435.40584.bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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14
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Bachmann L, Besendörfer M, Carbon R, Lux P, Agaimy A, Hartmann A, Rau TT. Immunohistochemical panel for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease using antibodies to MAP2, calretinin, GLUT1 and S100. Histopathology 2015; 66:824-35. [PMID: 25123159 DOI: 10.1111/his.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease is currently based on the identification of aganglionosis and the presence of an increase in acetylcholinesterase-positive hypertrophic nerve fibres in the large bowel submucosa. However, acetylcholinesterase staining is laborious and requires a skilled technician. The aim of this study was to identify a method for diagnosing Hirschsprung's disease reliably using an immunohistochemical panel of recently proposed markers. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-nine specimens from 37 patients were evaluated. MAP2 and calretinin antibodies were shown to stain ganglia reliably in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of normal tissue. By contrast, reduced staining of ganglia was observed in patients with Hirschsprung's disease. Staining for GLUT1 and S100 was used to evaluate the number and thickness of nerve fibres. Gain of GLUT1 and S100 expression was in contrast to the loss of calretinin and MAP2. Hypertrophic submucosal nerve fibres in Hirschsprung's disease develop a perineurium with a ring-like GLUT1 staining pattern similar in size and intensity to that observed in deeper subserosal tissue. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease using immunohistochemical panels could be as accurate as with conventional frozen section techniques. In particular, the use of a combination of markers for ganglia and hypertrophic nerve fibres highlighting a prominent perineurium in Hirschsprung's disease could be an alternative method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Bachmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Centre Erlangen - Metropolitan Region Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Makovicky P, Tumova E, Volek Z, Makovicky P, Vodicka P. Histological aspects of the small intestine under variable feed restriction: The effects of short and intense restriction on a growing rabbit model. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1623-1627. [PMID: 25289070 PMCID: PMC4186336 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of seven days of feed restriction (between days 42 and 49) on the morphology of the small intestine in experimental rabbit models. Sixty weaned Hyplus rabbits (35 days old) were included in the experiment and split into three groups of 20 rabbits. The first control group (n=20) received feed ad libitum (ADL group), the second (R1) experimental group (n=20) was fed 50 g feed per rabbit per day and the third (R2) experimental group (n=20) received 65 g feed per rabbit per day. Duodenal samples were collected when the rabbits were aged 49, 56, 63 and 70 days. The mean villus height, crypt depth and small intestine length were measured. Significant interactions (P<0.001) between group and age were identified in the villi height and crypt depths. The maximum mean villus height was found in the R2 group in 56-day-old rabbits (643.14 μm), while the minimum was found in the ADL group in 49-day-old rabbits (460.29 μm). The longest (P<0.001) small intestine was measured in the R1 group in 63-day-old rabbits (347.60 cm), while the shortest was measured in the ADL group in 49-day-old rabbits (263.60 cm). The models show that villus height, crypt depth and the length of the small intestine change with the intensity of feed restriction and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Makovicky
- Laboratory of Veterinary Histopathology, Komarno, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Tumova
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Volek
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Quality of Animal Product, Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Makovicky
- Department of Biology, Selye Janos University, Komarno, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Gonzalo DH, Plesec T. Hirschsprung Disease and Use of Calretinin in Inadequate Rectal Suction Biopsies. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013; 137:1099-102. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0220-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context.—Up to 17% of all rectal suction biopsies performed in the evaluation of Hirschsprung disease are considered inadequate. In most instances, inadequate biopsies contain too little submucosa or are taken within the anal transition zone.
Objectives.—To examine the utility of calretinin stain in the workup of inadequate biopsies for patients with clinical suspicion of Hirschsprung disease.
Design.—A retrospective analysis was conducted of all rectal suction biopsies performed in the evaluation of Hirschsprung disease during the previous 12 years that were considered “inadequate.” Seventeen cases were identified, and Hirschsprung disease status was determined by clinical or surgical follow-up. Immunohistochemistry for calretinin was performed for all cases containing columnar mucosa, which were evaluated without knowledge of clinical course.
Results.—All 12 patients without Hirschsprung disease had calretinin-positive nerve fibers in the lamina propria or muscularis mucosae, and all 5 patients with Hirschsprung disease had no calretinin staining of nerves.
Conclusions.—In this retrospective series, calretinin immunohistochemistry correctly predicted outcome in all instances. Although the gold standard for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease in rectal suction biopsies remains the evaluation of ganglion cells in a hematoxylin-eosin staining with sufficient submucosa, calretinin immunohistochemistry is quite helpful in triaging further workup based on clinical suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Plesec
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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17
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Figueiró M, Ilha J, Pochmann D, Porciúncula LO, Xavier LL, Achaval M, Nunes DS, Elisabetsky E. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in cognition-relevant brain areas of mice treated with a nootropic Amazonian herbal (Marapuama). PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:956-962. [PMID: 20833520 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The goal of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) used to treat Alzheimer's patients is an improvement in cholinergic transmission. While currently available AChEIs have limited success, a huge impediment to the development of newer ones is access to the relevant brain areas. Promnesic, anti-amnesic and AChEI properties were identified in a standardized ethanol extract from Ptychopetalum olacoides (POEE), a medicinal plant favored by the elderly in Amazon communities. The purpose of this study was to provide conclusive evidence that orally given POEE induces AChE inhibition in brain areas relevant to cognition. Histochemistry experiments confirmed that the anticholinesterase compound(s) present in POEE are orally bioavailable, inducing meaningful AChE inhibition in the hippocampus CA1 (∼33%) and CA3 (∼20%), and striatum (∼17%). Ellman's colorimetric analysis revealed that G1 and G4 AChE isoforms activities were markedly inhibited (66 and 72%, respectively) in hippocampus and frontal cortex (50 and 63%, respectively), while G4 appeared to be selectively inhibited (72%) in the striatum. Western blotting showed that POEE did not induce significant changes in the AChE immunocontent suggesting that its synthesis is not extensively modified. This study provides definitive proof of meaningful anticholinesterase activity compatible with the observed promnesic and anti-amnesic effects of POEE in mice, reaffirming the potential of this extract for treating neurodegenerative conditions where a hypofunctioning cholinergic neurotransmission is prominent. Adequate assessment of the safety and efficacy of this extract and/or its isolated active compound(s) are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Figueiró
- Laboratório de Etnofarmacologia, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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18
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[Twenty years diagnostic competence center for Hirschsprung's disease in Basel]. Chirurg 2010; 81:572-6. [PMID: 20458567 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-010-1924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experience gained by the Basel Hirschsprung Competence Center over 20 years is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 19,365 rectal mucosal biopsies were investigated in the 20 years between 1987 and 2006. All biopsies of rectal mucosa originated from 6,615 children aged between 1 week and 4 years. Biopsies were collected in teaching hospitals all over Germany and transported on dry ice by Intercity Courier Service. Serial sections of frozen tissue were made using a cryostat. Enzyme histochemical staining was performed. RESULTS A total of 935 cases of Hirschsprung's disease (14%) were observed (769 cases of classical Hirschsprung's disease, 68 total colon aganglionosis, 98 ultrashort rectum aganglionosis). Total colon aganglionosis was found in 1.0% and the frequency of ultrashort Hirschsprung' disease was 1.4%. The quality of the histological results was confirmed by a second independent investigator. There were neither false positive nor false negative diagnoses. Enzyme histochemical staining results were readable within 2 h. Acetylcholinesterase, which is significantly increased in Hirschsprung's disease, was used for nerve fiber staining. Succinic and lactic dehydrogenases and nitric oxide synthase served as confirmatory proof of aganglionosis (elective nerve cell staining of the submucous plexus). CONCLUSION Among 100 children with chronic constipation an average of 12 children were diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease. Of these 2% showed total colon aganglionosis or ultrashort Hirschsprung's disease. Enzyme histochemical diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease proved 100% reliable and time saving.
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19
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Feichter S, Meier-Ruge WA, Bruder E. The histopathology of gastrointestinal motility disorders in children. Semin Pediatr Surg 2009; 18:206-11. [PMID: 19782302 DOI: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal motility disorders and chronic constipation are common pediatric problems. Symptoms of abdominal discomfort are frequently encountered in the daily practice of pediatricians and pediatric surgeons. Normal peristalsis depends on the interaction between muscles, nerve cells, and tendinous connective tissue of muscularis propria. Malfunction of any of these components results in a motility disorder. Aganglionosis, typically of the left distal colon, is the cause of Hirschsprung disease. Hypoganglionosis constitutes another gastrointestinal motility disorder. In hypoplastic hypoganglionosis, the number of nerve cells and the size of ganglia of the enteric nervous system are reduced, resulting in symptoms similar to aganglionosis. In intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B, submucous plexus development is disturbed. Immaturity of the enteric nervous system, but also ganglioneuromatosis, can be the underlying cause of chronic constipation. Chronic constipation may be caused by a myopathy. Aplasia or atrophy of the tendinous connective tissue of muscularis propria may cause desmosis, which may result in an aperistaltic syndrome. In severe chronic constipation, a histopathological diagnosis of the underlying cause is useful. In the diagnostic approach for most of these causes of chronic constipation, enzyme histochemistry is an efficient tool to complement conventional immunohistochemical and selected molecular technologies. An interdisciplinary approach of a gastrointestinal working group is beneficial in the management of these difficult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Feichter
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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20
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Calretinin immunohistochemistry: a simple and efficient tool to diagnose Hirschsprung disease. Mod Pathol 2009; 22:1379-84. [PMID: 19648883 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2009.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease (HD) is quite entirely based on the histopathological analysis of suction rectal biopsies. This hematoxylin and eosin approach has some limitations, despite the help of acetylcholinesterase staining. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of calretinin immunochemistry as a simple and reliable method in the diagnosis of HD. A total of 131 initial rectal biopsies carried out for suspicion of HD in children were retrieved, and calretinin immunohistochemistry was carried out on paraffin-embedded biopsies. Diagnosis of HD was made when no staining was observed. The results were statistically analyzed in comparison with our standard method (histology and acetylcholinesterase staining). 130 biopsies were accurately diagnosed on the basis of the positivity or negativity of calretinin staining. The senior pathologists diagnosed all cases of HD with no false positives. Furthermore, 12 additional cases initially considered as doubtful for HD using the standard method, were accurately diagnosed using calretinin immunohistochemistry. The false negative was a case of HD with a calretinin-positive biopsy. We also demonstrate the ease of calretinin interpretation compared with acetylcholinesterase for the junior pathologist. Calretinin immunohistochemistry overcomes most of the difficulties encountered using the combination of histology and acetylcholinesterase staining, and detects almost all cases of HD with confidence, with no false positives. Thus, we demonstrate that calretinin is superior to acetylcholinesterase to complete histology and could advantageously substitute for acetylcholinesterase.
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21
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Acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid decrease tumor cell viability and glucose metabolism modulating 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase structure and activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 09/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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