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Saviano A, Migneco A, Brigida M, Petruzziello C, Zanza C, Savioli G, Franceschi F, Ojetti V. Serum Calprotectin in the Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Diseases: An Ace up Your Sleeve? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:762. [PMID: 38792945 PMCID: PMC11123171 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background: Calprotectin (CP) is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein that plays a key role in innate immunity and in the recruitment of inflammatory cells. CP can be detected both in serum and in fecal samples. Serum CP (sCP) is more specific for autoimmune diseases, while fecal CP (fCP) has been well investigated for gastrointestinal diseases. Few studies have shown the clinical effectiveness of sCP as an acute-phase biomarker for gastrointestinal diseases. Aim: The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the role of sCP as a useful alternative biomarker of the acute-phase activity of gastrointestinal diseases and as a possible tool for screening and monitoring these diseases. Material and Methods: We searched original articles, abstracts, reviews, case reports, and clinical trials on PubMed®, Up-to-Date®, and Medscape® in the last ten years. Conclusion: We found that sCP could represent a useful biomarker in the evaluation of the inflammatory stage in patients with immune-mediated gastrointestinal diseases, but more studies are needed to promote its routine use in clinical practice as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker as a replacement for fCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Saviano
- Emergency Department, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (A.M.); (F.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Migneco
- Emergency Department, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (A.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Mattia Brigida
- Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Petruzziello
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy, GVM Care and Research, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Christian Zanza
- Geriatric Medicine Residency Program, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Savioli
- Emergency Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Emergency Department, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (A.M.); (F.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ojetti
- Department of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy, GVM Care and Research, 00165 Rome, Italy;
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Kitagori K, Oku T, Wakabayashi M, Nakajima T, Nakashima R, Murakami K, Hirayama Y, Ishihama Y, Ohmura K, Morinobu A, Mimori T, Yoshifuji H. Expression of S100A8 protein on B cells is associated with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:76. [PMID: 37165399 PMCID: PMC10170829 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an intractable disease characterized by autoantibody production and autoreactive B and T cell proliferation. Although several studies have revealed multiple genetic and environmental associations, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS We performed proteomics and transcriptomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and DNA microarray, using peripheral blood B cells from patients with SLE, and healthy controls (HC). We explored molecules associated with the pathophysiology of SLE by flow cytometry and B cell stimulation assay. RESULTS We identified for the first time that expression of both S100A8 protein and mRNA were markedly upregulated in SLE B cells. The results obtained using flow cytometry showed that S100A8 was highly expressed on the surface of B cells of patients with active SLE (MFI; HC 102.5 ± 5.97, stable SLE 111.4 ± 12.87, active SLE 586.9 ± 142.9), and S100A8 on the cell surface was decreased after treatment (MFI; pre-treat 1094.5 ± 355.38, post-treat 492.25 ± 247.39); therefore, it is suggested that S100A8 may be a marker for disease activity. The mRNA expression of S100A8 was particularly upregulated in memory B cells of SLE (56.68 fold higher than HC), suggesting that S100A8 may be mainly secreted by memory B cells in the pathogenesis of SLE. CONCLUSIONS Our results imply that the S100A8 proteins secreted from memory B cells may stimulate granulocytes and monocytes through pattern recognition receptors, activate the innate immune system, and are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kitagori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuma Oku
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Portfolio & Science, Astellas Pharma Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Wakabayashi
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakajima
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ran Nakashima
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosaku Murakami
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hirayama
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Portfolio & Science, Astellas Pharma Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Hajime Yoshifuji
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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3
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Ding Z, Du F, Averitt V RG, Jakobsson G, Rönnow CF, Rahman M, Schiopu A, Thorlacius H. Targeting S100A9 Reduces Neutrophil Recruitment, Inflammation and Lung Damage in Abdominal Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12923. [PMID: 34884728 PMCID: PMC8658007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A9, a pro-inflammatory alarmin, is up-regulated in inflamed tissues. However, the role of S100A9 in regulating neutrophil activation, inflammation and lung damage in sepsis is not known. Herein, we hypothesized that blocking S100A9 function may attenuate neutrophil recruitment in septic lung injury. Male C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with the S100A9 inhibitor ABR-238901 (10 mg/kg), prior to cercal ligation and puncture (CLP). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were harvested for analysis of neutrophil infiltration as well as edema and CXC chemokine production. Blood was collected for analysis of membrane-activated complex-1 (Mac-1) expression on neutrophils as well as CXC chemokines and IL-6 in plasma. Induction of CLP markedly increased plasma levels of S100A9. ABR-238901 decreased CLP-induced neutrophil infiltration and edema formation in the lung. In addition, inhibition of S100A9 decreased the CLP-induced up-regulation of Mac-1 on neutrophils. Administration of ABR-238901 also inhibited the CLP-induced increase of CXCL-1, CXCL-2 and IL-6 in plasma and lungs. Our results suggest that S100A9 promotes neutrophil activation and pulmonary accumulation in sepsis. Targeting S100A9 function decreased formation of CXC chemokines in circulation and lungs and attenuated sepsis-induced lung damage. These novel findings suggest that S100A9 plays an important pro-inflammatory role in sepsis and could be a useful target to protect against the excessive inflammation and lung damage associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Ding
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden; (Z.D.); (F.D.); (R.G.A.V.); (C.-F.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Feifei Du
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden; (Z.D.); (F.D.); (R.G.A.V.); (C.-F.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Richard Garland Averitt V
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden; (Z.D.); (F.D.); (R.G.A.V.); (C.-F.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Gabriel Jakobsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden; (G.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Carl-Fredrik Rönnow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden; (Z.D.); (F.D.); (R.G.A.V.); (C.-F.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Milladur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden; (Z.D.); (F.D.); (R.G.A.V.); (C.-F.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Alexandru Schiopu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden; (G.J.); (A.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Thorlacius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden; (Z.D.); (F.D.); (R.G.A.V.); (C.-F.R.); (M.R.)
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4
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Talley S, Valiauga R, Anderson L, Cannon AR, Choudhry MA, Campbell EM. DSS-induced inflammation in the colon drives a proinflammatory signature in the brain that is ameliorated by prophylactic treatment with the S100A9 inhibitor paquinimod. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:263. [PMID: 34758843 PMCID: PMC8578918 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is established to drive pathological sequelae in organ systems outside the intestine, including the central nervous system (CNS). Many patients exhibit cognitive deficits, particularly during disease flare. The connection between colonic inflammation and neuroinflammation remains unclear and characterization of the neuroinflammatory phenotype in the brain during colitis is ill-defined. Methods Transgenic mice expressing a bioluminescent reporter of active caspase-1 were treated with 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days to induce acute colitis, and colonic, systemic and neuroinflammation were assessed. In some experiments, mice were prophylactically treated with paquinimod (ABR-215757) to inhibit S100A9 inflammatory signaling. As a positive control for peripheral-induced neuroinflammation, mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Colonic, systemic and brain inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were measured by cytokine bead array (CBA) and Proteome profiler mouse cytokine array. Bioluminescence was quantified in the brain and caspase activation was confirmed by immunoblot. Immune cell infiltration into the CNS was measured by flow cytometry, while light sheet microscopy was used to monitor changes in resident microglia localization in intact brains during DSS or LPS-induced neuroinflammation. RNA sequencing was performed to identify transcriptomic changes occurring in the CNS of DSS-treated mice. Expression of inflammatory biomarkers were quantified in the brain and serum by qRT-PCR, ELISA and WB. Results DSS-treated mice exhibited clinical hallmarks of colitis, including weight loss, colonic shortening and inflammation in the colon. We also detected a significant increase in inflammatory cytokines in the serum and brain, as well as caspase and microglia activation in the brain of mice with ongoing colitis. RNA sequencing of brains isolated from DSS-treated mice revealed differential expression of genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses. This inflammatory phenotype was similar to the signature detected in LPS-treated mice, albeit less robust and transient, as inflammatory gene expression returned to baseline following cessation of DSS. Pharmacological inhibition of S100A9, one of the transcripts identified by RNA sequencing, attenuated colitis severity and systemic and neuroinflammation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that local inflammation in the colon drives systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, and this can be ameliorated by inhibition of the S100 alarmin, S100A9. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02317-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Talley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Rasa Valiauga
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lillian Anderson
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Science Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Abigail R Cannon
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Science Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Science Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Edward M Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA. .,Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
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Jukic A, Bakiri L, Wagner EF, Tilg H, Adolph TE. Calprotectin: from biomarker to biological function. Gut 2021; 70:1978-1988. [PMID: 34145045 PMCID: PMC8458070 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) emerged with Westernisation of dietary habits worldwide. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic debilitating conditions that afflict individuals with substantial morbidity and challenge healthcare systems across the globe. Since identification and characterisation of calprotectin (CP) in the 1980s, faecal CP emerged as significantly validated, non-invasive biomarker that allows evaluation of gut inflammation. Faecal CP discriminates between inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases of the gut and portraits the disease course of human IBD. Recent studies revealed insights into biological functions of the CP subunits S100A8 and S100A9 during orchestration of an inflammatory response at mucosal surfaces across organ systems. In this review, we summarise longitudinal evidence for the evolution of CP from biomarker to rheostat of mucosal inflammation and suggest an algorithm for the interpretation of faecal CP in daily clinical practice. We propose that mechanistic insights into the biological function of CP in the gut and beyond may facilitate interpretation of current assays and guide patient-tailored medical therapy in IBD, a concept warranting controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almina Jukic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Latifa Bakiri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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6
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Molecular Characteristics of RAGE and Advances in Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136904. [PMID: 34199060 PMCID: PMC8268101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. RAGE binds and mediates cellular responses to a range of DAMPs (damage-associated molecular pattern molecules), such as AGEs, HMGB1, and S100/calgranulins, and as an innate immune sensor, can recognize microbial PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules), including bacterial LPS, bacterial DNA, and viral and parasitic proteins. RAGE and its ligands stimulate the activations of diverse pathways, such as p38MAPK, ERK1/2, Cdc42/Rac, and JNK, and trigger cascades of diverse signaling events that are involved in a wide spectrum of diseases, including diabetes mellitus, inflammatory, vascular and neurodegenerative diseases, atherothrombosis, and cancer. Thus, the targeted inhibition of RAGE or its ligands is considered an important strategy for the treatment of cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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7
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Silva CR, Melo BMS, Silva JR, Lopes AH, Pereira JA, Cecilio NT, Berlink J, Souza GG, Lucas G, Vogl T, Cunha FQ, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM. S100A9 plays a pivotal role in a mouse model of herpetic neuralgia via TLR4/TNF pathway. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:353-362. [PMID: 32243898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpetic neuralgia is a painful condition following herpes zoster disease, which results from Varicella-zoster virus reactivation in the dorsal or trigeminal sensory ganglia. Nevertheless, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in herpetic neuralgia are not well understood. Recently, we identified, that neuroimmune-glia interactions in the sensory ganglion is a critical mechanism for the development of herpetic neuralgia. Here, we investigate the contribution of S100A9, a well-known pro-inflammatory molecule produced by myeloid cells, for the development of herpetic neuralgia using a murine model of HSV-1 infection. We found that cutaneous HSV-1 infection results in an increase of S100A9 expression in the Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRGs). Infiltrating neutrophils into the DRGs were the main source of S100A9 post HSV-1 infection. Functionally, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of S100A9 impairs the development of HSV-1 infection-induced mechanical pain hypersensitivity. Finally, we found that the pronociceptive role of S100A9 in herpetic neuralgia depends on the TLR4/TNF pathway. These results unraveled previously unknown mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of herpetic neuralgia and indicate that S100A9 might be an important target for novel therapies aiming acute herpetic neuralgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia R Silva
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Graduated Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100 Uberlândia MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno M S Melo
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline R Silva
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Lopes
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaina A Pereira
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Nerry T Cecilio
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonilson Berlink
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Giovani G Souza
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lucas
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José C Alves-Filho
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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The predictive role of serum calprotectin on mortality in hemodialysis patients with high phosphoremia. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:158. [PMID: 32366231 PMCID: PMC7197146 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory mediator calprotectin (CPT, myeloid-related protein 8/14) is known as an endogenous ligand contributing to pathophysiology in inflammatory diseases. Serum CPT reportedly became a potential biomarker in these conditions, though there is no report predicting the prognosis in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictive role of serum CPT on mortality in hemodialysis patients. Methods We conducted a multicenter, observational cohort study of 388 Japanese subjects undergoing hemodialysis. Serum CPT were measured using an ELISA. The potential associations between serum CPT and clinical variables were cross-sectionally examined. Multivariate Cox regression was used to estimate the association between serum CPT, high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), white blood cell (WBC) count and mortality. Median follow-up was 6.6 years. Results The median CPT level was 6108 ng/ml (median in healthy subjects, 2800) at baseline. Serum CPT positively correlated with WBC count (ρ = 0.54, P < 0.001) and hs-CRP values (ρ = 0.35, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, hs-CRP was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality after adjusting confounding factors (middle vs. low: hazard ratio [HR] 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–3.66; high vs. low: 2.47, 1.40–4.47). In the analysis by stratum of phosphate levels, elevated CPT levels were significantly associated with all-cause mortality in the highest tertile (18.1; 3.15–345.9) among the high-phosphate group, but not among the low-phosphate group. Conclusions Serum CPT would become a potential predictive marker on mortality in hemodialysis patients with high-phosphate levels.
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Fecal Markers of Inflammation and Disease Activity in Pediatric Crohn Disease: Results from the ImageKids Study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 70:580-585. [PMID: 31899733 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive and accurate methods to monitor inflammatory bowel disease are required. As a planned ancillary study of the prospective ImageKids cohort, we aimed to assess the performance of fecal calprotectin (FC) with comparison to 3 fecal inflammatory markers; S100A12 (FA12), tumor pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (FM2PK) and fecal osteoprotegerin (FOPG) as indicators of a number of disease characteristics. METHODS The ImageKids study was a multicenter study designed to develop 2 magnetic resonance enterography-based measures for children with Crohn disease (6-18 years old). All patients underwent magnetic resonance enterography, a complete ileocolonoscopic evaluation and provided a fecal sample. Fecal samples were assay for FC, FA12, FM2PK, and FOPG by ELISA. RESULTS One-hundred fifty-six children provided 190 fecal samples. Median (interquartile range) for fecal makers were FC, 602 (181-1185) μg/g; FA12, 21 (3-109) μg/g; FM2PK, 16 (2-20) U/mL; and FOPG, 125 (125-312) μg/g. All markers correlated with simple endoscopic severity index for Crohn disease and with other constructs of disease activity, but FC had the highest overall correlations. FA12, however, predicted mucosal healing with significantly higher specificity (87% vs 70%, P = 0.004) and equivalent sensitivity (91% vs 90%) compared to FC. CONCLUSION This study has confirmed that FC is useful, and overall best, marker to monitor mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. FA12, however, appears to be a more suitable maker for prediction of mucosal healing in children.
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Mondet J, Laurin D, Lo Presti C, Jacob MC, Meunier M, Giraudon E, Lefebvre C, Berthier S, Leer AM, Park S, Mossuz P. Increased S100A8 expression in bone marrow plasma by monocytic cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients. Hematol Oncol 2020; 38:114-118. [PMID: 31904882 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mondet
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes /INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309, Grenoble, France.,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - David Laurin
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes /INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309, Grenoble, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang, La Tronche, France
| | - Caroline Lo Presti
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes /INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Mathieu Meunier
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes /INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309, Grenoble, France.,Department of Clinical Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Giraudon
- Department of Biological Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Lefebvre
- Oncohematology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Berthier
- Flow Cytometry Platform, Centre Hospitalier Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Mc Leer
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes /INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309, Grenoble, France.,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Park
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes /INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309, Grenoble, France.,Department of Clinical Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Mossuz
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes /INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309, Grenoble, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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11
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Sreejit G, Flynn MC, Patil M, Krishnamurthy P, Murphy AJ, Nagareddy PR. S100 family proteins in inflammation and beyond. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 98:173-231. [PMID: 32564786 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The S100 family proteins possess a variety of intracellular and extracellular functions. They interact with multiple receptors and signal transducers to regulate pathways that govern inflammation, cell differentiation, proliferation, energy metabolism, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, cell cytoskeleton and microbial resistance. S100 proteins are also emerging as novel diagnostic markers for identifying and monitoring various diseases. Strategies aimed at targeting S100-mediated signaling pathways hold a great potential in developing novel therapeutics for multiple diseases. In this chapter, we aim to summarize the current knowledge about the role of S100 family proteins in health and disease with a major focus on their role in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle C Flynn
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Janowitz C, Nakamura YK, Metea C, Gligor A, Yu W, Karstens L, Rosenbaum JT, Asquith M, Lin P. Disruption of Intestinal Homeostasis and Intestinal Microbiota During Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:420-429. [PMID: 30695094 PMCID: PMC6353239 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We determine the changes in intestinal microbiota and/or disruptions in intestinal homeostasis during uveitis. Methods Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) was induced in B10.RIII mice with coadministration of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide (IRBP) and killed mycobacterial antigen (MTB) as an adjuvant. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we looked at intestinal microbial differences during the course of uveitis, as well as intestinal morphologic changes, changes in intestinal permeability by FITC-dextran leakage, antimicrobial peptide expression in the gastrointstinal tract, and T lymphocyte prevalence before and at peak intraocular inflammation. Results We demonstrate that increased intestinal permeability and antimicrobial peptide expression in the intestinal tract coincide in timing with increased effector T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes, during the early stages of uveitis, before peak inflammation. Morphologic changes in the intestine were most prominent during this phase, but also occurred with adjuvant MTB alone, whereas increased intestinal permeability was found only in IRBP-immunized mice that develop uveitis. We also demonstrate that the intestinal microbiota were altered during the course of uveitis, and that some of these changes are specific to uveitic animals, whereas others are influenced by adjuvant MTB alone. Intestinal permeability peaked at 2 weeks, coincident with an increase in intestinal bacterial strain differences, peak lipocalin production, and peak uveitis. Conclusions An intestinal dysbiosis accompanies a disruption in intestinal homeostasis in autoimmune uveitis, although adjuvant MTB alone promotes intestinal disruption as well. This may indicate a novel axis for future therapeutic targeting experimentally or clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen Janowitz
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Yukiko K Nakamura
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Christina Metea
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Abigail Gligor
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - William Yu
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Lisa Karstens
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - James T Rosenbaum
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Devers Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Mark Asquith
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Phoebe Lin
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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13
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Nys G, Cobraiville G, Servais AC, Malaise MG, de Seny D, Fillet M. Targeted proteomics reveals serum amyloid A variants and alarmins S100A8-S100A9 as key plasma biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis. Talanta 2019; 204:507-517. [PMID: 31357327 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) and S100 (S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12) proteins were previously identified as biomarkers of interest for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Among SAA family, two closely related isoforms (SAA-1 and SAA-2) are linked to the acute-phase of inflammation. They respectively exist under the form of three (α, β, and γ) and two (α and β) allelic variants. We developed a single run quantitative method for these protein variants and investigated their clinical relevance in the context of RA. The method was developed and validated according to regulations before being applied on plasma coming from RA patients (n = 46), other related inflammatory pathologies (n = 116) and controls (n = 62). Depending on the activity score of RA, SAA1 isoforms (mainly of SAA1α and SAA1β subtypes) were found to be differentially present in plasma revealing their dual role during the development of RA. In addition, the weight of SAA1α in the total SAA response varied from 32 to 80% depending on the pathology studied. A negative correlation between SAA1α and SAA1β was also highlighted for RA early-onset (r = -0.41). SAA2 and S100A8/S100A9 proteins were significantly overexpressed compared to control samples regardless of RA stage. The pathophysiological relevance of these quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the SAA response remains unknown. However, the significant negative correlation observed between SAA1α and SAA1β levels in RA early-onset suggests the existence of still unknown regulatory mechanisms in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaël Nys
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), ULiege, Quartier Hopital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Gaël Cobraiville
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), ULiege, Quartier Hopital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium; Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, ULiege and CHU de Liege, Quartier Hopital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Servais
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), ULiege, Quartier Hopital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Michel G Malaise
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, ULiege and CHU de Liege, Quartier Hopital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Dominique de Seny
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, ULiege and CHU de Liege, Quartier Hopital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), ULiege, Quartier Hopital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
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14
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Bausch K, Roth E, Heinz S, Horst D, Mathia S, Vlajnic T, Bubendorf L, Westhoff T, Wetterauer C, Seifert HH, Ebbing J. Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213549. [PMID: 30870488 PMCID: PMC6417709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary Calprotectin, a mediator of the innate immune system, has been identified as a biomarker in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a prospective cross-sectional study including 52 patients with bladder cancer and 40 healthy controls. Definition of sterile leukocyturia was > 5.0 leukocytes per visual field in absence of bacteriuria. RESULTS The rate of sterile leukocyturia in low-grade (60.0%) and high-grade (62.0%) bladder cancer was comparable (p = 0.87). However, the median absolute urinary leukocyte count in patients with sterile leukocyturia was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade bladder cancer (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation revealed a significant correlation between urinary Calprotectin and leucocyte concentration (R = 0.4, p < 0.001). Median urinary Calprotectin concentration was 4.5 times higher in bladder cancer patients with than in patients without sterile leukocyturia (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary Calprotectin regarding the presence of sterile leukocyturia in high-grade patients (596.8 [91.8-1655.5] vs. 90.4 [28.0-202.3] ng ml-1, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified the leukocyte concentration to be the only significant impact factor for urinary Calprotectin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-3.8, p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed Calprotectin positive neutrophils and tumour cells in high-grade bladder cancer with sterile leukocyturia. CONCLUSIONS Urinary Calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific tumour marker for bladder cancer, but rather as a surrogate parameter for tumour inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Bausch
- Urological University-Clinic Basel-Liestal, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - David Horst
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Mathia
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Vlajnic
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Westhoff
- Department of Nephrology, Marien Hospital Herne, University Clinic of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Christian Wetterauer
- Urological University-Clinic Basel-Liestal, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Helge Seifert
- Urological University-Clinic Basel-Liestal, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Ebbing
- Urological University-Clinic Basel-Liestal, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Katte R, Yu C. Blocking the interaction between S100A9 protein and RAGE V domain using S100A12 protein. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198767. [PMID: 29902210 PMCID: PMC6001950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteins S100A9 and S100A12 are associated with the human S100 calcium-binding protein family. These proteins promote interaction with target proteins and alter their conformation when they bind to calcium ions in EF-hand motifs. The V domain of RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products) is crucial for S100A9 binding. The binding of RAGE with S100 family proteins aids in cell proliferation. In this report, we demonstrate that S100A12 protein hinders the binding of S100A9 with the RAGE V-domain. We used fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy to analyze the interaction of S100A9 with S100A12. The binary complex models of S100A9-S100A12 were developed using data obtained from 1H-15N HSQC NMR titrations and the HADDOCK program. We overlaid the complex models of S100A9-S100A12 with the same orientation of S100A9 and the RAGE V-domain. This complex showed that S100A12 protein blocks the interaction between S100A9 and the RAGE V-domain. It means S100A12 may be used as an antagonist for S100A9. The results could be favorable for developing anti-cancer drugs based on S100 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revansiddha Katte
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Otoni CC, Heilmann RM, García-Sancho M, Sainz A, Ackermann MR, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM, Jergens AE. Serologic and fecal markers to predict response to induction therapy in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:999-1008. [PMID: 29624721 PMCID: PMC5980281 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little information is available of markers that assess the disease course in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Objectives Evaluate relationship between disease severity and serum and fecal biomarkers in dogs with idiopathic IBD before and after treatment. Animals Sixteen dogs with idioptahic IBD and 13 healthy dogs. Methods Prospective case control study. Canine IBD activity index (CIBDAI) clinical score, serum concentrations of C‐reactive protein (CRP), perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA), and serum and fecal canine calprotectin (cCP) were measured before and after 21 days of treatment. Results Serum CRP (median 3.5 mg/L; range: 0.1‐52.4 mg/L), fecal cCP (median 92.3 μg/g; range: 0.03‐637.5 μg/g), and CIBDAI scores significantly increased in dogs with IBD before treatment compared with serum CRP (median 0.2 mg/L; range: 0.1‐11.8 mg/L; P < .001), fecal cCP (median 0.67 μg/g; range: 0.03‐27.9 μg/g; P < .001) and CIBDAI (P < .001) after treatment. No significant associations between CIBDAI scores and before or after treatment serum biomarkers. There was a significant association between fecal cCP and CIBDAI scores before treatment (rho = 0.60, P = .01). CRP and fecal cCP significantly decreased after treatment (median 3.5 mg/L v. 0.2 mg/L; P < .001 and 92.3 μg/g v. 0.67 μg/g; P = .001, respectively). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Our data indicate that measurement of fecal cCP concentration is a useful biomarker for noninvasive evaluation of intestinal inflammation. Dogs with severe signs of GI disease more often have abnormal markers than dogs having less severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane C Otoni
- Internal Medicine Department, VCA Arboretum View Animal Hospital, 2551 Warrenville Road, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Romy M Heilmann
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Texas.,Department of Small Animal Medicine, Small Animal Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Mercedes García-Sancho
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Sainz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark R Ackermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Texas
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Texas
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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17
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Day AS, Leach ST, Lemberg DA. An update on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:835-843. [PMID: 28770636 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1364160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diagnosis of the chronic inflammatory bowel diseases relies upon initial recognition of an inflammatory condition, followed by definitive endoscopic, histological and radiological investigations. Various biomarkers are available to assist with initial elucidation of an inflammatory process: these also have important roles after diagnosis in monitoring and ongoing assessment of progress. Areas covered: Various inflammatory markers, serological tests and genetic analyses may be helpful in predicting the course of disease in the coming months. This review provides an update on the current understanding and knowledge about these markers. It also highlights key gaps and identifies aspects that require further study. Expert commentary: Our current approach to the application of non-invasive biomarkers is rudimentary. Further work is required to elucidate the roles of the various markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Day
- a Department of Paediatrics , University of Otago (Christchurch) , Christchurch , New Zealand.,b School of Women's and Children's Health , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Steven T Leach
- b School of Women's and Children's Health , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Daniel A Lemberg
- b School of Women's and Children's Health , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.,c Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology , Sydney Children's Hospital , Sydney , Australia
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18
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Gao H, Hou J, Meng H, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Peng L. Proinflammatory effects and mechanisms of calprotectin on human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2017. [PMID: 28643937 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) is a heterodimer of S100A8 and S100A9 and is associated with multiple inflammatory diseases, including Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. Levels of calprotectin are elevated in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis; however, the effects of calprotectin on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) remain unknown. This study investigated the proinflammatory activity of calprotectin on HGFs and the functional receptors and signaling pathways engaged by calprotectin. MATERIAL AND METHODS HGFs were stimulated by equimolar concentrations of S100A8 and/or S100A9, and the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The calprotectin receptors were identified by pre-incubating HGFs with the toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 inhibitor or the antibody targeting the advanced glycation end product receptor (RAGE). The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and signaling pathways were also investigated by treating HGFs with ROS inhibitor or specific pathway inhibitors, respectively. RESULTS S100A9 and S100A8/A9 significantly upregulated IL-6 and IL-8 expression, which was inhibited upon treatment with the TLR4 inhibitor TAK242. Pretreatment with RAGE-blocking antibodies did not affect cytokine expression. Additionally, S100A9 promoted the production of IL-6 and IL-8 from HGFs via different signaling pathways. IL-6 expression was upregulated via the NF-κB, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and IL-8 expression was upregulated via NF-κB, p38, JNK1/2 and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 MAPK pathways. The release of both cytokines was dependent upon the production of ROS. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that calprotectin exerts proinflammatory effects on HGFs via the S100A9 subunit and TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gao
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - J Hou
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - H Meng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zheng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - L Peng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Kato T, Kouzaki H, Matsumoto K, Hosoi J, Shimizu T. The effect of calprotectin on TSLP and IL-25 production from airway epithelial cells. Allergol Int 2017; 66:281-289. [PMID: 27475624 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calprotectin is a heterodimer complex of the S100A8 and S100A9 proteins, and has various functions as an innate mediator at the sites of inflammation. The aim of this study was to elucidate the roles of calprotectin in the eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS). METHODS Allergen-induced production of calprotectin was evaluated in cultured normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells by ELISA and RT-PCR. We then examined the roles of calprotectin on Alternaria alternata (Alternaria)-induced production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-25 in NHBE cells. The extracellular concentration and allergen-induced secretion of calprotectin in cultured primary nasal epithelial (PNE) cells were examined and compared between patients with ECRS and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (NECRS). RESULTS Alternaria, house dust mites, protease from Staphylococcus aureus, papain, trypsin, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and lipopolysaccharide stimulated calprotectin production in the cultured NHBE cells. The combination of calprotectin and ATP stimulated the production of TSLP and IL-25 in NHBE cells, and calprotectin stimulated Alternaria-induced production of TSLP and IL-25, which was suppressed by blocking P2 purinergic receptors and by treatment with siRNA for S100A8, S100A9 or calprotectin receptors (Toll-like receptor 4 or receptor for advanced glycation end products). Allergen-induced calprotectin production was significantly stimulated in PNE cells from patients with ECRS. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that calprotectin enhances the allergen-induced Th2-type inflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells via the secretion of TSLP and IL-25, and that calprotectin secreted by the epithelial cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of ECRS.
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20
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Lopez RN, Leach ST, Lemberg DA, Duvoisin G, Gearry RB, Day AS. Fecal biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:577-582. [PMID: 27723123 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, knowledge on fecal biomarkers has substantially increased. Nowadays, these non-invasive markers of inflammation have significant clinical utility in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Their use informs the decision to perform endoscopy before diagnosis is made right through to influencing therapeutic choices and the need for interval endoscopic assessment. In this review, the roles of two S100 proteins, calprotectin, and S100A12 are described along with that of lactoferrin, in the context of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Lopez
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago (Christchurch), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Steven T Leach
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel A Lemberg
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gilles Duvoisin
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard B Gearry
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago (Christchurch), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago (Christchurch), Christchurch, New Zealand
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21
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Lee HW, Jie HB, Bollyky PL, Sarracino D, Kim TS, Wilson BS. Role of dendritic cell maturation factors produced by human invariant NKT cells in immune tolerance. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:989-1003. [PMID: 27837018 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0416-164rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used the culture supernatant of iNKT cells to identify human myeloid DC maturation factors produced by human CD4+ iNKT cells. S100A8 had a strong maturation effect. Notably, the recombinant S100A8 protein displayed properties of DC maturation functioning, and the induction of DC differentiation by both the purified and the recombinant protein were blocked by anti-S100A8 and anti-TLR-4 mAbs. DC differentiation induced by anti-major histocompatibility complex class II/CD1d Ab, S100A8, or both was qualitatively indistinguishable from that induced by the coculture of DCs and iNKT cells or via culture supplementation with supernatants from activated CD4+ iNKT cells. S100A8 also induced CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+ Treg cells from naïve T cells. S100A8 may contribute to DC differentiation by elevating transcription factors or activating transcription factor-2, heat shock factor-1, or both, in mature DCs. S100A8 is a novel candidate iNKT cell-dependent DC maturation factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Woo Lee
- Departments of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hyun Bae Jie
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; and
| | - David Sarracino
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Biomarkers Research Initiatives in Mass Spectrometry (BRIMS) Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Departments of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea;
| | - Brian S Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;
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22
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Blocking the interaction between S100A9 and RAGE V domain using CHAPS molecule: A novel route to drug development against cell proliferation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1558-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Kuzenko YV, Romanuk AM, Dyachenko OO, Hudymenko O. Pathogenesis of Warthin's tumors. Interv Med Appl Sci 2016; 8:41-48. [PMID: 28386459 DOI: 10.1556/1646.8.2016.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Warthin's tumor, also known as papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, monomorphic adenoma, or adenolymphoma, is a benign cystic tumor of the salivary glands containing abundant lymphocytes and lymph node-like stroma. It is named after the pathologist Aldred Scott Warthin, who described two cases in 1929. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to analyze the pathogenesis of Warthin's tumor. METHODS A total of 15 patients with Warthin's tumor were studied. Hematoxylin and eosin stains, which have been used for at least a century and are still essential for recognizing various tissue types and the morphologic changes for cancer diagnosis, were used. Warthin's tumor was evaluated for the expression of MGMT, CD3, HSP90AA1, MMP-1, Bcl-2, CD79A, IgG, Ki-67, p53, IgM, OPN, S100, myeloperoxidase, and VEGF by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the immune cells within the follicles of Warthin's tumor were positive for MGMT (10.0 ± 0.34%), Ki-67 (13.3 ± 0.45%), Bcl-2 (42.6 ± 8.33), and p53 (11.6 ± 2.3). The immune cells associated with CD3 were present at the stroma of residual cells (47.3 ± 3.89); however, they were not present in the epithelium cell layers. B cells (CD79A) consistent with germinal centers were present within the immune cells and formed follicles (43.2 ± 13.5%). CONCLUSIONS Histopathological analysis of the stroma and parenchyma revealed balanced distribution of epithelial and stromal component. Epithelial component of the Warthin's tumor is the trigger for the tumor process. This study indicates that the Warthin tumor is a consequence of inflammatory etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevhen V Kuzenko
- Department of Pathology, Medical Institute of Sumy State University , Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Anatoly M Romanuk
- Department of Pathology, Medical Institute of Sumy State University , Sumy, Ukraine
| | | | - Olena Hudymenko
- Department of Pathology, Medical Institute of Sumy State University , Sumy, Ukraine
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24
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Akbarzadeh R, Yu X, Vogl T, Ludwig RJ, Schmidt E, Zillikens D, Petersen F. Myeloid-related proteins-8 and -14 are expressed but dispensable in the pathogenesis of experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and bullous pemphigoid. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 81:165-72. [PMID: 26692467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-related protein-8 (MRP-8) and its heterodimeric partner, MRP-14 belong to the group of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and are associated with numerous chronic human disorders. However, their functional role in autoimmunity remains largely unclear. OBJECTIVE Here, we examined the involvement of MRP-8/-14 in two difficult-to-treat autoimmune blistering diseases, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) and bullous pemphigoid (BP). METHODS MRP-8/-14 concentrations in the sera of EBA and BP patients were quantified by ELISA. Experimental EBA and BP in mice were induced by transfer of antibodies directed against type VII or XVII collagen, respectively. Expression of MRP-8/-14 was analyzed in skin samples of these experimental mouse models. The functional role of MRP-8/-14 proteins was evaluated by the induction of experimental EBA and BP in MRP-14-deficient mice. RESULTS We found serum levels of MRP-8/-14 to be elevated in both, EBA and BP patients. Furthermore, in the lesional skin of mice with experimental diseases expression of MRP-8/-14 was increased as compared to healthy controls. However, MRP-14-deficient mice were fully susceptible to experimental disease with a phenotype comparable to that of wild type controls. CONCLUSION Although MRP-8/-14 expression is highly increased in experimental as well as human disease, these proteins do not contribute to the pathogenesis in the effector phase of EBA and BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Akbarzadeh
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Laboratory of Autoimmunity, The Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.
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25
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Zheng R, Chen S, Chen S. Correlation between myeloid-derived suppressor cells and S100A8/A9 in tumor and autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:919-925. [PMID: 26508452 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that constitute an important component of immune regulatory system. Two calcium-binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9 act as important mediators in acute and chronic inflammation. In recent years, many researchers have found that MDSCs and S100A8/A9 operated with one another through a positive feedback loop to promote tumor development and metastasis. However, the correlation between MDSCs and S100A8/A9 in autoimmune diseases (AIDs) remains unknown. In this review, we discussed the co-operation of MDSCs and S100A8/A9 in tumor environment, and also, the role of these two components in AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China
| | - Shenren Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China.
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26
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Grützner N, Heilmann RM, Cranford SM, Holzenburg A, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Inflammatory, immunological, and intestinal disease biomarkers in Chinese Shar-Pei dogs with marked hypocobalaminemia. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:31-40. [PMID: 25525135 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714560881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese Shar-Pei dogs have a high prevalence of hypocobalaminemia and are commonly presented with clinical signs suggestive of severe and long-standing gastrointestinal disease such as diarrhea, vomiting, and/or weight loss. The aim of the current study was to evaluate serum concentrations of inflammatory markers, markers for intestinal disease, and immunological markers in Shar-Peis with hypocobalaminemia or normocobalaminemia (serum cobalamin concentrations within the reference interval). Serum samples from Shar-Peis were collected from various parts of the United States. Serum concentrations of inflammatory markers (i.e., C-reactive protein [CRP], calprotectin [CP], and S100A12), hyaluronic acid (HA, a marker for cutaneous mucinosis), and analytes commonly altered in chronic intestinal diseases (i.e., albumin, zinc, alpha1-proteinease inhibitor [α1PI], immunoglobulin [Ig]A, and IgM) were compared between Shar-Peis with hypocobalaminemia and Shar-Peis with normocobalaminemia. Serum concentrations of CRP, CP, S100A12, HA, zinc, and cα1-PI concentrations did not differ between hypocobalaminemic and normocobalaminemic Shar-Peis (P > 0.05). Serum concentrations of albumin were significantly lower in hypocobalaminemic Shar-Peis (median: 2.5 g/dl) than in normocobalaminemic Shar-Peis (median: 2.9 g/dl; P < 0.0001). Higher serum IgA concentrations and lower serum IgM concentrations were observed in hypocobalaminemic Shar-Peis (median: 1.7 g/l and 0.8 g/l, respectively) than in normocobalaminemic Shar-Peis (median: 0.7 g/l and 1.9 g/l, respectively; both P < 0.0001). In conclusion, no difference was found in serum concentrations of CRP, CP, S100A12, and HA between hypocobalaminemic and normocobalaminemic Shar-Peis whereas some differences were observed in analytes (e.g., albumin, IgA, and IgM) that may be altered in patients with chronic enteropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Grützner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Grützner, Heilmann, Cranford, Suchodolski, Steiner), Texas A&M University, College Station, TXMicroscopy and Imaging Center, Department of Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (Holzenburg), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Romy M Heilmann
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Grützner, Heilmann, Cranford, Suchodolski, Steiner), Texas A&M University, College Station, TXMicroscopy and Imaging Center, Department of Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (Holzenburg), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Shannon M Cranford
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Grützner, Heilmann, Cranford, Suchodolski, Steiner), Texas A&M University, College Station, TXMicroscopy and Imaging Center, Department of Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (Holzenburg), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Andreas Holzenburg
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Grützner, Heilmann, Cranford, Suchodolski, Steiner), Texas A&M University, College Station, TXMicroscopy and Imaging Center, Department of Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (Holzenburg), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Grützner, Heilmann, Cranford, Suchodolski, Steiner), Texas A&M University, College Station, TXMicroscopy and Imaging Center, Department of Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (Holzenburg), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Grützner, Heilmann, Cranford, Suchodolski, Steiner), Texas A&M University, College Station, TXMicroscopy and Imaging Center, Department of Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (Holzenburg), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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27
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Coveney AP, Wang W, Kelly J, Hua Liu J, Blankson S, Di Wu Q, Paul Redmond H, Huai Wang J. Myeloid-related protein 8 induces self-tolerance and cross-tolerance to bacterial infection via TLR4- and TLR2-mediated signal pathways. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13694. [PMID: 26329314 PMCID: PMC4642578 DOI: 10.1038/srep13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-related protein 8 (Mrp8) is the active component of Mrp8/14 protein complex released by phagocytes at the site of infection and stimulates inflammatory responses. However, it is unclear whether Mrp8 could induce self-tolerance and cross-tolerance to bacterial infection. Here we report that Mrp8 triggered TNF-α and IL-6 release via a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent manner. Pre-stimulation of murine macrophages and human monocytes with Mrp8 induced self-tolerance to Mrp8 re-stimulation and cross-tolerance to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bacterial lipoprotein (BLP), gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial challenges, with substantially attenuated TNF-α and IL-6 release. Moreover, Mrp8 tolerisation significantly reduced serum TNF-α and IL-6, increased polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment and accelerated bacterial clearance, thus protecting mice against LPS-induced lethality and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial sepsis. In addition to TLR4, TLR2 also contributed to Mrp8-induced inflammatory response and tolerance. Down-regulation of phosphorylated p38 by Mrp8 pre-stimulation was predominantly responsible for the intracellular mechanism of Mrp8-induced tolerance. Thus, our findings of Mrp8-induced self-tolerance and cross-tolerance may provide a potential strategy for attenuating an overwhelming proinflammatory cascade and enhancing antimicrobial responses during microbial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Coveney
- Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork/National University of Ireland, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork/National University of Ireland, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Justin Kelly
- Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork/National University of Ireland, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jing Hua Liu
- Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork/National University of Ireland, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Siobhan Blankson
- Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork/National University of Ireland, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Qiong Di Wu
- Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork/National University of Ireland, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - H. Paul Redmond
- Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork/National University of Ireland, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jiang Huai Wang
- Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork/National University of Ireland, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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28
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Kuzenko Y, Romanyuk A, Politun A, Karpenko L. S100, bcl2 and myeloperoxid protein expirations during periodontal inflammation. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:93. [PMID: 26251029 PMCID: PMC4527225 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal inflammation is characterized by injuries in collagen, epithelial, bone tissues. The hypotheses to be tested were relationship between the s100, bcl2 and myeloperoxidase in gingival tissues (MPO does affect the level of s100, bcl2). The object of this study was to investigate of s100 expression, bcl2 expression and myeloperoxidase expression in periodontal inflammation. Methods 27 patients (giant-cell epulis) and 30 patients (acute and chronic inflammations) were included in the study for s100 expression, bcl2 expression and myeloperoxidase expression by immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin - eosin. Results Giant-cells in epulis positivity for myeloperoxidase has been observed in 100 % However, only 75.31 % of giant-cells were positive for bcl2 expression. Acute 98.2 %, and chronic 89.28 % inflammation was a significant positive for myeloperoxidase. The immunohistochemical findings of s100, bcl 2 and myeloperoxidase in epithelial layers have showed the result of 100 %, 82,2 %, 100 % positive cells in acute and 100 %, 78.25 %, 100 % in chronic process of inflammation respectively. Conclusion The results indicate that the pathogenesis of periodontal inflammation might involve inhibition of cell death, through the overexpression of bcl-2, due to identifying factors myeloperoxidase (result in the DNA damage by the product of catalysis). The highest levels of s100 activity have been found at sites with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevhen Kuzenko
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - Anatoliy Romanyuk
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - Antonina Politun
- Head of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Kiev University UANM, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Ludmila Karpenko
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
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29
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Zackular JP, Chazin WJ, Skaar EP. Nutritional Immunity: S100 Proteins at the Host-Pathogen Interface. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18991-8. [PMID: 26055713 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.645085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The S100 family of EF-hand calcium (Ca(2+))-binding proteins is essential for a wide range of cellular functions. During infection, certain S100 proteins act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and interact with pattern recognition receptors to modulate inflammatory responses. In addition, these inflammatory S100 proteins have potent antimicrobial properties and are essential components of the immune response to invading pathogens. In this review, we focus on S100 proteins that exhibit antimicrobial properties through the process of metal limitation, termed nutritional immunity, and discuss several recent advances in our understanding of S100 protein-mediated metal sequestration at the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Zackular
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
| | - Walter J Chazin
- the Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Eric P Skaar
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
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30
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Gao H, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Peng L, Hou J, Meng H. S100A9-induced release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in human periodontal ligament cells. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:223-32. [PMID: 26038301 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
S100A8, S100A9, and calprotectin (the S100A8/S100A9 complex) are calcium-binding proteins that promote extracellular pro-inflammatory functions and may play an important role in periodontal disease. Both toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are thought to be important receptors for S100A8, S100A9, and calprotectin, but the specific pathways in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are not yet clear. Our study was designed to identify the specific receptors for S100A9 in human PDL cells. Additionally, we investigated the specific pathways that activate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukins (IL)-6 and IL-8 in PDL cells. The role of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in S100A9-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines were investigated through western blot analysis, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) probe and the application of specific pathway inhibitors. Our results suggest that the S100A9-induced release of IL-6 and IL-8 from human PDL cells is dependent on TLR4, but not RAGE. We provide evidence that S100A9 promotes the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 through different pathways. Specifically, S100A9 up-regulates the secretion of IL-6 from human PDL cells through NF-κB and p38 pathways and up-regulates the release of IL-8 from human PDL cells through the NF-κB, extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2, and p38 signaling pathways. In addition, the release of both cytokines depends on ROS production. The release of both cytokines depends on ROS production. These results suggest that S100A9 promotes pro-inflammatory responses in PDL cells through the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Gao
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China; Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China; Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jianxia Hou
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Huanxin Meng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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31
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Pruenster M, Kurz ARM, Chung KJ, Cao-Ehlker X, Bieber S, Nussbaum CF, Bierschenk S, Eggersmann TK, Rohwedder I, Heinig K, Immler R, Moser M, Koedel U, Gran S, McEver RP, Vestweber D, Verschoor A, Leanderson T, Chavakis T, Roth J, Vogl T, Sperandio M. Extracellular MRP8/14 is a regulator of β2 integrin-dependent neutrophil slow rolling and adhesion. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6915. [PMID: 25892652 PMCID: PMC4411303 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-related proteins (MRPs) 8 and 14 are cytosolic proteins secreted from myeloid cells as proinflammatory mediators. Currently, the functional role of circulating extracellular MRP8/14 is unclear. Our present study identifies extracellular MRP8/14 as an autocrine player in the leukocyte adhesion cascade. We show that E-selectin–PSGL-1 interaction during neutrophil rolling triggers Mrp8/14 secretion. Released MRP8/14 in turn activates a TLR4-mediated, Rap1-GTPase-dependent pathway of rapid β2 integrin activation in neutrophils. This extracellular activation loop reduces leukocyte rolling velocity and stimulates adhesion. Thus, we identify Mrp8/14 and TLR4 as important modulators of the leukocyte recruitment cascade during inflammation in vivo. MRP8/14 are actively secreted by myeloid cells during inflammation. Here the authors show that MRP8/14 play an important role in leukocyte recruitment to the inflammatory site, triggering an autocrine cascade that promotes neutrophil adhesion to the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pruenster
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Angela R M Kurz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Kyoung-Jin Chung
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiao Cao-Ehlker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bieber
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia F Nussbaum
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Bierschenk
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja K Eggersmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Rohwedder
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Heinig
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Immler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Moser
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Uwe Koedel
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Gran
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Admar Verschoor
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
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Shin MK, Shin SW, Jung M, Park H, Park HE, Yoo HS. Host gene expression for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in human THP-1 macrophages. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv031. [PMID: 25877879 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease, which causes considerable economic loss in the dairy industry and has a possible relationship to Crohn's disease (CD) in humans. As MAP has been detected in retail pasteurized milk samples, its transmission via milk is of concern. Despite its possible role in the etiology of CD, there have been few studies examining the interactions between MAP and human cells. In the current study, we applied Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to the transcription profiles generated from a murine model with MAP infection as part of a previously conducted study. Twenty-one genes were selected as potential host immune responses, compared with the transcriptional profiles in naturally MAP-infected cattle, and validated in MAP-infected human monocyte-derived macrophage THP-1 cells. Of these, the potential host responses included up-regulation of genes related to immune response (CD14, S100A8, S100A9, LTF, HP and CHCIL3), up-regulation of Th1-polarizing factor (CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9 and CXCL10), down-regulation of genes related to metabolism (ELANE, IGF1, TCF7L2 and MPO) and no significant response of other genes (GADD45a, GPNMB, HMOX1, IFNG and NQO1) in THP-1 cells infected with MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 1Z3, Canada
| | - Seung Won Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Hongtae Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Hyun-Eui Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 232-916, Korea
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Elevated serum levels of calprotectin (myeloid-related protein 8/14) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and its association with disease activity and quality of life. J Investig Med 2015; 62:880-4. [PMID: 24922195 DOI: 10.1097/jim.0000000000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calprotectin is one of the major leukocyte S100 proteins showing both calcium binding and antimicrobial characteristics. The serum level of calprotectin is markedly elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, as well as systemic lupus erythematosus and has been suggested to play a prominent role in both progression and pathogenesis of these diseases. AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum level of calprotectin in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and its association with disease activity and other clinical characteristics of AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one patients who met the modified New York criteria for AS and 45 healthy controls were included in this study. Both Bath AS disease activity index and AS disease activity score were applied on the patients with AS for the assessment of disease activity; Bath AS functional index, for the assessment of functional activity; Bath AS radiology index, for the assessment of radiological damage; and the AS quality of life questionnaire for the assessment of disease-related life status. Spinal and hip measurements were performed using Bath AS metrology index. The serum level of calprotectin was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS Mean serum level of calprotectin was significantly higher in the patients with AS compared with healthy controls (P = 0.003). Serum levels of calprotectin did not correlate with Bath AS disease activity index, AS disease activity score, Bath AS functional index, Bath AS radiology index, Bath AS metrology index, modified Schober, chest expansion, AS quality of life questionnaire, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein values (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that calprotectin might play an important role in the pathogenetic mechanisms of AS; however, the calprotectin levels did not correlate with the measurements of disease activity, functional abilities, radiological damage, and the quality of life in these patients. Further insight into this area of research might provide opportunities to develop novel treatment strategies, which take into account the role of these peptides in the pathogenetic mechanisms of AS.
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Grützner N, Heilmann RM, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM, Holzenburg A. Cold-microwave enhanced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays—A path to high-throughput clinical diagnostics. Anal Biochem 2014; 457:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Simard JC, Cesaro A, Chapeton-Montes J, Tardif M, Antoine F, Girard D, Tessier PA. S100A8 and S100A9 induce cytokine expression and regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome via ROS-dependent activation of NF-κB(1.). PLoS One 2013; 8:e72138. [PMID: 23977231 PMCID: PMC3747084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9 are cytoplasmic proteins expressed by phagocytes. High concentrations of these proteins have been correlated with various inflammatory conditions, including autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, as well as autoinflammatory diseases. In the present study, we examined the effects of S100A8 and S100A9 on the secretion of cytokines and chemokines from PBMCs. S100A8 and S100A9 induced the secretion of cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β. This secretion was associated with the activation and translocation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Inhibition studies using antisense RNA and the pharmacological agent BAY-117082 confirmed the involvement of NF-κB in IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β secretion. S100A8- and S100A9-mediated activation of NF-κB, the NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) protein, and pro-IL-1β expression was dependent on the generation of reactive oxygen species. This effect was synergistically enhanced by ATP, a known inflammasome activator. These results suggest that S100A8 and S100A9 enhance the inflammatory response by inducing cytokine secretion of PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Simard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Inflammation des Granulocytes, Université du Québec Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada
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Heilmann RM, Jergens AE, Ackermann MR, Barr JW, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Serum calprotectin concentrations in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Vet Res 2013; 73:1900-7. [PMID: 23176415 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.12.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure serum calprotectin concentration in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) before and after initiation of treatment and evaluate its correlation with a clinical scoring system (canine IBD activity index), serum canine C-reactive protein concentration, and severity of histopathologic changes. ANIMALS 34 dogs with idiopathic IBD and 139 healthy control dogs. PROCEDURES From dogs with IBD, blood samples were collected immediately before (baseline) and 3 weeks after initiation of 1 of 2 treatments: prednisone (1 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h; n = 21) or a combination of prednisone and metronidazole (10 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h; 13). Blood samples were collected once from each of the control dogs. For all samples, serum calprotectin concentration was determined via radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Mean serum calprotectin concentrations for dogs with IBD at baseline (431.1 μg/L) and 3 weeks after initiation of treatment (676.9 μg/L) were significantly higher, compared with that (219.4 μg/L) for control dogs, and were not significantly correlated with the canine IBD activity index, serum C-reactive protein concentration, or severity of histopathologic changes. The use of a serum calprotectin concentration of ≥ 296.0 μg/L as a cutoff had a sensitivity of 82.4% (95% confidence interval, 65.5% to 93.2%) and specificity of 68.4% (95% confidence interval, 59.9% to 76.0%) for distinguishing dogs with idiopathic IBD from healthy dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Serum calprotectin concentration may be a useful biomarker for the detection of inflammation in dogs, but the use of certain drugs (eg, glucocorticoids) appears to limit its clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy M Heilmann
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Nataraj NB, Krishnamurthy J, Salimath BP. Treatment with anti-NAP monoclonal antibody reduces disease severity in murine model of novel angiogenic protein-induced or ovalbumin-induced arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 171:155-63. [PMID: 23286942 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polyarticular inflammatory, angiogenic disease. Synovial angiogenesis contributes to inflammation in RA. In this study we have developed an arthritic model in rats using a novel angiogenic protein (NAP), isolated from human synovial fluid of RA patients. We produced anti-NAP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the same in adjuvant-induced or NAP-induced arthritis as a model of human RA. The treatment of arthritic rats with anti-NAP mAbs resulted in effective amelioration of paw oedema, radiological arthritic characteristics, serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and NAP, compared to that of untreated arthritic animals. Further, profiling of angiogenic markers such as synovial microvessel density, angiogenesis, CD31, VEGF and fms-like tyrosine kinase (Flt1) by immunohistochemistry both in arthritic and anti-NAP mAb-treated animals revealed the efficacy of mAb as an anti-angiogenic functional antibody. Therefore, NAP may be an attractive target to design anti-angiogenic and anti-arthritic therapies to control the pathogenesis of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Nataraj
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Deng Q, Sun M, Yang K, Zhu M, Chen K, Yuan J, Wu M, Huang X. MRP8/14 enhances corneal susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection by amplifying inflammatory responses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:1227-34. [PMID: 23299480 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We explored the role of myeloid-related protein 8 and 14 (MRP8/14) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) keratitis. METHODS MRP8/14 mRNA levels in human corneal scrapes and mouse corneas infected by PA were tested using real-time PCR. MRP8/14 protein expression in C57BL/6 (B6) corneas was confirmed using Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry. B6 mice were injected subconjunctivally with siRNA for MRP8/14, and then infected with PA. Bacterial plate counts and myeloperoxidase assays were used to determine the bacterial load and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration in infected B6 corneas. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in vivo and in vitro were examined with PCR and ELISA. In murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells, phagocytosis and bacterial killing were assessed using plate count assays, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were tested with flow cytometry and Griess assay, respectively. RESULTS MRP8/14 expression levels were increased significantly in human corneal scrapes and B6 corneas after PA infection. Silencing of MRP8/14 in B6 corneas significantly reduced the severity of corneal disease, bacterial clearance, PMN infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression after PA infection. In vitro studies demonstrated further that silencing of MRP8/14 suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production, bacterial killing, and ROS production, but not phagocytosis or NO production. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated a dual role for MRP8/14 in bacterial keratitis. Although MRP8/14 promotes bacterial clearance by enhancing ROS production, it functions more importantly as an inflammatory amplifier at the ocular surface by enhancing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, thus contributing to the corneal susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchan Deng
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Cesaro A, Anceriz N, Plante A, Pagé N, Tardif MR, Tessier PA. An inflammation loop orchestrated by S100A9 and calprotectin is critical for development of arthritis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45478. [PMID: 23029038 PMCID: PMC3445527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The S100A9 and S100A8 proteins are highly expressed by neutrophils and monocytes and are part of a group of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules that trigger inflammatory responses. Sera and synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) contain high concentrations of S100A8/A9 that correlate with disease activity. METHODS In this study, we investigated the importance of S100A9 in RA by using neutralizing antibodies in a murine lipopolysaccharide-synchronized collagen-induced arthritis model. We also used an in vitro model of stimulation of human immune cells to decipher the role played by S100A9 in leukocyte migration and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. RESULTS Treatment with anti-S100A9 antibodies improved the clinical score by 50%, diminished immune cell infiltration, reduced inflammatory cytokines, both in serum and in the joints, and preserved bone/collagen integrity. Stimulation of neutrophils with S100A9 protein led to the enhancement of neutrophil transendothelial migration. S100A9 protein also induced the secretion by monocytes of proinflammatory cytokines like TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, and of chemokines like MIP-1α and MCP-1. CONCLUSION The effects of anti-S100A9 treatment are likely direct consequences of inhibiting the S100A9-mediated promotion of neutrophil transmigration and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from monocytes. Collectively, our results show that treatment with anti-S100A9 may inhibit amplification of the immune response and help preserve tissue integrity. Therefore, S100A9 is a promising potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis for which alternative therapeutic strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Cesaro
- Centre de recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, and Faculty of Medecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadia Anceriz
- Centre de recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, and Faculty of Medecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Audrey Plante
- Centre de recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, and Faculty of Medecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Pagé
- Centre de recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, and Faculty of Medecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie R. Tardif
- Centre de recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, and Faculty of Medecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe A. Tessier
- Centre de recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, and Faculty of Medecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Lee MJ, Lee JK, Choi JW, Lee CS, Sim JH, Cho CH, Lee KH, Cho IH, Chung MH, Kim HR, Ye SK. Interleukin-6 induces S100A9 expression in colonic epithelial cells through STAT3 activation in experimental ulcerative colitis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38801. [PMID: 22962574 PMCID: PMC3433486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal epithelium is essential for maintaining normal intestinal homeostasis; its breakdown leads to chronic inflammatory pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Although high concentrations of S100A9 protein and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are found in patients with IBD, the expression mechanism of S100A9 in colonic epithelial cells (CECs) remains elusive. We investigated the role of IL-6 in S100A9 expression in CECs using a colitis model. Methods IL-6 and S100A9 expression, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, and infiltration of immune cells were analyzed in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The effects of soluble gp130-Fc protein (sgp130Fc) and S100A9 small interfering (si) RNA (si-S100A9) on DSS-induced colitis were evaluated. The molecular mechanism of S100A9 expression was investigated in an IL-6-treated Caco-2 cell line using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Results IL-6 concentrations increased significantly in the colon tissues of DSS-treated mice. sgp130Fc or si-S100A9 administration to DSS-treated mice reduced granulocyte infiltration in CECs and induced the down-regulation of S100A9 and colitis disease activity. Treatment with STAT3 inhibitors upon IL-6 stimulation in the Caco-2 cell line demonstrated that IL-6 mediated S100A9 expression through STAT3 activation. Moreover, we found that phospho-STAT3 binds directly to the S100A9 promoter. S100A9 may recruit immune cells into inflamed colon tissues. Conclusions Elevated S100A9 expression in CECs mediated by an IL-6/STAT3 signaling cascade may play an important role in the development of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeoung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ku Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Sim
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Anatomy, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Rae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SKY); (HK)
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (SKY); (HK)
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Hara A, Sakamoto N, Ishimatsu Y, Kakugawa T, Nakashima S, Hara S, Adachi M, Fujita H, Mukae H, Kohno S. S100A9 in BALF is a candidate biomarker of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Med 2012; 106:571-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sorenson BS, Khammanivong A, Guenther BD, Ross KF, Herzberg MC. IL-1 receptor regulates S100A8/A9-dependent keratinocyte resistance to bacterial invasion. Mucosal Immunol 2012; 5:66-75. [PMID: 22031183 PMCID: PMC3476723 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2011.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that epithelial cells respond to exogenous interleukin (IL)-1α by increasing expression of several genes involved in the host response to microbes, including the antimicrobial protein complex calprotectin (S100A8/A9). Given that S100A8/A9 protects epithelial cells against invading bacteria, we studied whether IL-1α augments S100A8/A9-dependent resistance to bacterial invasion of oral keratinocytes. When inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes, human buccal epithelial (TR146) cells expressed and released IL-1α. Subsequently, IL-1α-containing media from Listeria-infected cells increased S100A8/A9 gene expression in naïve TR146 cells an IL-1 receptor (IL-1R)-dependent manner. Incubation with exogenous IL-1α decreased Listeria invasion into TR146 cells, whereas invasion increased with IL-1R antagonist. Conversely, when S100A8/A9 genes were knocked down using short hairpin RNA (shRNA), TR146 cells responded to exogenous IL-1α with increased intracellular bacteria. These data strongly suggest that infected epithelial cells release IL-1α to signal neighboring keratinocytes in a paracrine manner, promoting S100A8/A9-dependent resistance to invasive L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- BS Sorenson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - A Khammanivong
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - BD Guenther
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - KF Ross
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455,Mucosal and Vaccine Research Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417
| | - MC Herzberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455,Mucosal and Vaccine Research Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417,Address correspondence to: Mark C. Herzberg, DDS, PhD, University of Minnesota, 17-164 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, Phone: 612-625-8404, Fax: 612-626-2651,
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Manolakis AC, Kapsoritakis AN, Tiaka EK, Potamianos SP. Calprotectin, calgranulin C, and other members of the s100 protein family in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:1601-11. [PMID: 21203903 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since their discovery, S100 proteins have been associated with diverse diseases of inflammatory, degenerative, or malignant nature. Due to their participation in inflammation, they have also been studied with regard to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHOD To provide a review of available literature, a PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase-based literature search was performed, using all available nomenclature for each member of the S100 protein family, along with the terms inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or indeterminate colitis. RESULT S100A8/A9, also known as calprotectin, S100A12, or calgranulin C and in a lesser extent S100P, are involved in the pathogenesis, activity, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of IBD. The majority of available literature is focused primarily on S100A8/9, although there is growing evidence on the significance of S100A12. Most studies emphasize the potential merit of S100A8/A9 and S100A12, as markers for differential diagnosis, monitoring of activity, or disease relapse, in IBD. Limitations, regarding the diagnostic utility of these markers, seem to exist and are mainly related to the publication of conflicting results, i.e., for IBD activity, and to the fact that S100A8/A9 and S100A12 are not disease-specific. CONCLUSIONS Although the existing data link specific S100 proteins with IBD, there are still several drawbacks in the use of these markers for diagnostic purposes. Thus, it seems that further research is mandatory in order to eliminate the impact of confounding factors but also to detect additional associations between S100 proteins and IBD or novel S100 proteins with a closer correlation with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassios C Manolakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 4110 Larissa, Greece.
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Aochi S, Tsuji K, Sakaguchi M, Huh N, Tsuda T, Yamanishi K, Komine M, Iwatsuki K. Markedly elevated serum levels of calcium-binding S100A8/A9 proteins in psoriatic arthritis are due to activated monocytes/macrophages. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 64:879-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Simard JC, Simon MM, Tessier PA, Girard D. Damage-associated molecular pattern S100A9 increases bactericidal activity of human neutrophils by enhancing phagocytosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:3622-31. [PMID: 21325622 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The damage-associated molecular-pattern S100A9 is found at inflammatory sites in infections and various autoimmune diseases. It is released at very high concentrations in the extracellular milieu by activated neutrophils and monocytes in response to various agents. This proinflammatory protein is found in infected mucosae and tissue abscesses where it acts notably as a potent neutrophil activator. In this study, we examined the role of S100A9 in the control of infections. S100A9 was found to increase human neutrophil bactericidal activity toward Escherichia coli. Although S100A9 induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species over time through the activation of NADPH oxidase, its antimicrobial activity was mediated mainly by enhancing the efficiency of neutrophil phagocytosis. Interestingly, S100A9 did not act by increasing cell surface expression of CD16, CD32, or CD64 in neutrophils, indicating that its biological effect in FcR-mediated phagocytosis is independent of upregulation of FcγR levels. However, S100A9-induced phagocytic activity required the phosphorylation of Erk1/2, Akt, and Syk. Taken together, our results demonstrate that S100A9 stimulates neutrophil microbicidal activity by promoting phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Simard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Inflammation et Physiologie des Granulocytes, Université du Québec, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec City, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
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DAMPening inflammation by modulating TLR signalling. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20706656 PMCID: PMC2913853 DOI: 10.1155/2010/672395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) include endogenous intracellular molecules released by activated or necrotic cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules that are upregulated upon injury or degraded following tissue damage. DAMPs are vital danger signals that alert our immune system to tissue damage upon both infectious and sterile insult. DAMP activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induces inflammatory gene expression to mediate tissue repair. However, DAMPs have also been implicated in diseases where excessive inflammation plays a key role in pathogenesis, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cancer, and atherosclerosis. TLR activation by DAMPs may initiate positive feedback loops where increasing tissue damage perpetuates pro-inflammatory responses leading to chronic inflammation. Here we explore the current knowledge about distinct signalling cascades resulting from self TLR activation. We also discuss the involvement of endogenous TLR activators in disease and highlight how specifically targeting DAMPs may yield therapies that do not globally suppress the immune system.
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Simard JC, Girard D, Tessier PA. Induction of neutrophil degranulation by S100A9 via a MAPK-dependent mechanism. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 87:905-14. [PMID: 20103766 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1009676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A9 is a proinflammatory protein, expressed abundantly in the cytosol of neutrophils and monocytes. High extracellular S100A9 concentrations have been correlated with chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, as well as with phagocyte extravasation. This study tested the hypothesis that S100A9 induces degranulation in human neutrophils. S100A9 was found to up-regulate the surface expression of CD35 and CD66b, proteins contained in secretory vesicles and specific/gelatinase granules, respectively. In addition, gelatinase and albumin, stored, respectively, in specific/gelatinase granules and secretory vesicles, were detected in the supernatants of neutrophils stimulated with S100A9. In contrast, stimulation with S100A9 had no effect on CD63 expression or MPO secretion, two proteins contained in azurophilic granules. S100A9 induced the phosphorylation of the MAPKs, ERK1/2, p38, and JNK. Inhibition of p38 and JNK but not ERK1/2, with specific inhibitors (SB203580, JNKII, and PD98059, respectively), blocked neutrophil degranulation induced by S100A9. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis and clearly indicate that S100A9 induces the degranulation of secretory and specific/gelatinase granules but not of azurophilic granules in a process involving p38 and JNK and further support its classification as a DAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Simard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Inflammation et Physiologie des Granulocytes, Université du Québec, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Andersen E, Dessaix IM, Perneger T, Mombelli A. Myeloid-related protein (MRP8/14) expression in gingival crevice fluid in periodontal health and disease and after treatment. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:458-63. [PMID: 20337885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Myeloid-related protein (MRP8/14) and its subunits are biomarkers of inflammation. The present study evaluated whether gingival crevice fluid levels of these markers discriminate periodontitis from healthy sites in patients with chronic periodontitis or diseased from healthy subjects, and whether these biomarkers detect longitudinal changes after therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Levels of MRP8/14, MRP14 and total protein were quantified in 19 periodontitis patients before non-surgical periodontal therapy, after 3 and 6 mo of treatment, and were measured once in 11 periodontally healthy subjects. In total, diseased subjects contributed 59 sites with probing depths >4 mm (PP) and 21 sites <4 mm (PH); healthy subjects contributed 91 sites (HH). RESULTS Overall, in diseased subjects, MRP8/14, MRP14 and total protein were not significantly different between PP and PH sites. However, at baseline, MRP8/14 and total protein had significantly higher values at sites in periodontally diseased than in healthy subjects. Clinical improvement was associated with a significant decrease of MRP8/14 and MRP14 from baseline to month 6 in PP sites. Interestingly, a similar decrease was observed in PH sites for all three markers. At 6 mo, however, levels of MRP8/14 and protein in PP and PH sites of patients were still significantly higher than in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Gingival crevice fluid levels of MRP8/14 did not differentiate between clinically diseased and healthy sites in patients with chronic periodontitis. However, this marker was elevated in periodontally diseased compared with healthy subjects, and its values decreased following therapy. MRP8/14 may be used to monitor the response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Andersen
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Plasma calprotectin in chronically dialyzed end-stage renal disease patients. Inflamm Res 2009; 59:299-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Zahn A, Giese T, Karner M, Braun A, Hinz U, Stremmel W, Ehehalt R. Transcript levels of different cytokines and chemokines correlate with clinical and endoscopic activity in ulcerative colitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2009; 9:13. [PMID: 19203362 PMCID: PMC2644704 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A definition of disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC) is difficult. The clinical activity index (CAI) is only an indirect assessment tool of bowel inflammation and the endoscopic activity index (EAI) sometimes cannot reflect the severity of disease to the full extent. Therefore, there is a need for an objective means to quantify inflammatory activity in mucosal biopsies. In our study, we wanted to examine the correlation between transcript levels of interleukin 8 (CXCL8), interferon γ inducible protein 10 (CXCL10), myeloid-related protein 14 (calgranulin B), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 α (CXCL2) with CAI and EAI in UC. Methods Cytokine and chemokine transcripts were quantified using real-time PCR in 49 mucosal biopsies from 27 different patients with UC. Cytokine transcript levels were correlated with CAI and EAI. Results There was a statistically significant positive correlation between CXCL8 (r = 0.30; p < 0.05), CXCL10 (r = 0.40; p < 0.02), calgranulin B (r = 0.36; p < 0.03), CXCL2 (r = 0.31; p < 0.05) and CAI. Concerning EAI significant positive correlations for CXCL8 (r = 0.37; p < 0.02), CXCL10 (r = 0.33; p < 0.04), calgranulin B (r = 0.31; p < 0.05) and CXCL2 (r = 0.44; p < 0.05) were found. Low clinical and endoscopic activity was accompanied by low cytokine levels whereas high CAI and EAI were associated with high cytokine levels. Conclusion From our data, we conclude that real-time PCR quantification of CXCL8, CXCL10, calgranulin B and CXCL2 in colonic biopsies is a simple and objective method for grading inflammation of intestinal mucosa in UC. CXCL8, CXCL10, calgranulin B and CXCL2 might be used as biomarkers and thus as an objective tool especially in clinical trials to evaluate anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zahn
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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