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Arrevillaga-Boni G, Hernández-Ruiz M, Castillo EC, Ortiz-Navarrete V. Intercellular communication through contacts between continuous pseudopodial extensions in a macrophage-like cell line. CELL COMMUNICATION & ADHESION 2014; 21:213-20. [PMID: 24896643 DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2014.923993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell information exchange mediated by membrane protrusions in tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) has been widely described in distinct cell lines. Here, we describe a new form of direct intercellular communication in a murine macrophage-like cell line that is mediated by pseudopodial fusions that form over scraped plastic tissue culture surfaces along scratch lines. These structures are capable of forming intercellular, tunnel-like channels (inter-pseudopodial axis connections) that can be differentiated from TNTs based on length, thickness, tandem arrangement along an axis, pseudopodial origin and permanency. These channels were able to exchange membrane lipids and contain particles 0.5 μm or lesser in diameter between cells and might represent an additional biological function of pseudopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Arrevillaga-Boni
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) , Avenida IPN No. 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, México, D. F. , Mexico
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Roszer T, Menéndez-Gutiérrez MP, Lefterova MI, Alameda D, Núñez V, Lazar MA, Fischer T, Ricote M. Autoimmune kidney disease and impaired engulfment of apoptotic cells in mice with macrophage peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma or retinoid X receptor alpha deficiency. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 186:621-31. [PMID: 21135166 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune glomerulonephritis is a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we show that mice lacking macrophage expression of the heterodimeric nuclear receptors PPARγ or RXRα develop glomerulonephritis and autoantibodies to nuclear Ags, resembling the nephritis seen in SLE. These mice show deficiencies in phagocytosis and clearance of apoptotic cells, and they are unable to acquire an anti-inflammatory phenotype upon feeding of apoptotic cells, which is critical for the maintenance of self-tolerance. These results demonstrate that stimulation of PPARγ and RXRα in macrophages facilitates apoptotic cell engulfment, and they provide a potential strategy to avoid autoimmunity against dying cells and to attenuate SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Roszer
- Departamento de Cardiología Regenerativa, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Nishida M, Fujinaka H, Matsusaka T, Price J, Kon V, Fogo AB, Davidson JM, Linton MF, Fazio S, Homma T, Yoshida H, Ichikawa I. Absence of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in bone marrow-derived cells is detrimental in the evolution of renal fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2003. [PMID: 12488436 DOI: 10.1172/jci200215045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the in vivo function of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (Agtr1) on macrophages in renal fibrosis. Fourteen days after the induction of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), wild-type mice reconstituted with marrow lacking the Agtr1 gene (Agtr1(-/-)) developed more severe interstitial fibrosis with fewer interstitial macrophages than those in mice reconstituted with Agtr1(+/+) marrow. These differences were not observed at day 5 of UUO. The expression of profibrotic genes - including TGF-beta1, alpha1(I) collagen, and alpha1(III) collagen - was substantially higher in the obstructed kidneys of mice with Agtr1(-/-) marrow than in those with Agtr1(+/+) marrow at day 14 but not at day 5 of UUO. Mice with Agtr1(-/-) marrow were characterized by reduced numbers of peripheral-blood monocytes and macrophage progenitors in bone marrow. In vivo assays revealed a significantly impaired phagocytic capability in Agtr1(-/-) macrophages. In vivo treatment of Agtr1(+/+) mice with losartan reduced phagocytic capability of Agtr1(+/+) macrophages to a level comparable to that of Agtr1(-/-) macrophages. Thus, during urinary tract obstruction, the Agtr1 on bone marrow-derived macrophages functions to preserve the renal parenchymal architecture, and this function depends in part on its modulatory effect on phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nishida
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2584, USA
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Nishida M, Fujinaka H, Matsusaka T, Price J, Kon V, Fogo AB, Davidson JM, Linton MF, Fazio S, Homma T, Yoshida H, Ichikawa I. Absence of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in bone marrow-derived cells is detrimental in the evolution of renal fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2002; 110:1859-68. [PMID: 12488436 PMCID: PMC151648 DOI: 10.1172/jci15045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the in vivo function of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (Agtr1) on macrophages in renal fibrosis. Fourteen days after the induction of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), wild-type mice reconstituted with marrow lacking the Agtr1 gene (Agtr1(-/-)) developed more severe interstitial fibrosis with fewer interstitial macrophages than those in mice reconstituted with Agtr1(+/+) marrow. These differences were not observed at day 5 of UUO. The expression of profibrotic genes - including TGF-beta1, alpha1(I) collagen, and alpha1(III) collagen - was substantially higher in the obstructed kidneys of mice with Agtr1(-/-) marrow than in those with Agtr1(+/+) marrow at day 14 but not at day 5 of UUO. Mice with Agtr1(-/-) marrow were characterized by reduced numbers of peripheral-blood monocytes and macrophage progenitors in bone marrow. In vivo assays revealed a significantly impaired phagocytic capability in Agtr1(-/-) macrophages. In vivo treatment of Agtr1(+/+) mice with losartan reduced phagocytic capability of Agtr1(+/+) macrophages to a level comparable to that of Agtr1(-/-) macrophages. Thus, during urinary tract obstruction, the Agtr1 on bone marrow-derived macrophages functions to preserve the renal parenchymal architecture, and this function depends in part on its modulatory effect on phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nishida
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2584, USA
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Djaldetti M, Salman H, Bergman M, Djaldetti R, Bessler H. Phagocytosis--the mighty weapon of the silent warriors. Microsc Res Tech 2002; 57:421-31. [PMID: 12112425 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Professional phagocytes, comprising polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocyte/macrophage cells, play an important role in the host defense. Any defect in their function exposes the organism to microbial intruders terminating in fatal diseases. The functional responses of the phagocytes to bacterial and fungal infections include chemotaxis, actin assembly, migration, adhesion, aggregation, phagocytosis, degranulation, and reactive oxygen species production. Superoxide generation by phagocytic NADPH oxidase is an imperative step toward bacterial killing. Phagocytes participate in inflammatory reactions and exert tumoricidal activity. They are supported by serum factors such as immunoglobulins, cytokines, complement, the acute phase reactant C-reactive protein, production of antibacterial proteins, and others. In addition to their principal task to eliminate bacteria, they are engaged in removing damaged, senescent, and apoptotic cells. Engulfed cell debris, large particles such as latex beads, fat, and oil droplets, are examples of phagocytic activity illustrated in the present review with transmission and scanning electron microscope micrographs. Numerous factors, such as diseases and stressful conditions, affect the engulfing activity of the professional phagocytes. Our experience regarding the impaired phagocytic capacity of cells in patients with diabetes and chronic renal failure is discussed. The results obtained in our laboratory from experiments detecting the effect of strenuous physical exercise, hypothermia, fasting, and abdominal photon irradiation on the phagocytic capacity of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and rat peritoneal macrophages are hereby summarized and the reports on those subjects in the recent literature are reviewed. A variety of assays are applied for quantifying phagocytosis. Flow cytometry based on incubation of phagocytic cells with fluorescent conjugated particles and measuring the amount of fluorescence as an indicator of the engulfing capacity of the cells is a useful method. A direct visualization of the ingested particles using light or electron microscopy is a valuable tool for estimation of phagocytic function. In our hands, the use of semithin sections of embedded phagocytes following their incubation with latex particles provided satisfactory results for measuring the total number of phagocytic cells, as well as the internalizing capacity of each individual cell. Microbiological assays, the nitroblue tetrazolium test, quantitation of antibody- and antigen-mediated phagocytosis, as well as methods reviewed in detail in other reports are additional applications for determination of this intricate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meir Djaldetti
- Laboratory for Immunology and Hematology Research, Rabin Medical Center, Golda Campus, Petah Tiqva, Israel.
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Bergman M, Salman H, Bessler H, Omanski M, Punsky I, Djaldetti M. Interaction between phagocytosis and IL-1beta production by rat peritoneal macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 2002; 56:159-62. [PMID: 12046688 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(02)00166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of rat peritoneal macrophages to produce interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) following phagocytosis of latex particles in vivo and in vitro was examined. In both cases, a marked increase in IL-1beta secretion was observed, although the level of the cytokine secreted in vivo was higher than that observed after incubation of the cells with latex beads in vitro. It is presumed that this difference is due to stimulation of the peritoneal macrophages by endogenous produced factors/cytokines prior and during phagocytosis in vivo. Macrophages stimulated with LPS showed a level of IL-1beta almost identical to that obtained after incubation with latex. Following phagocytosis in vivo and further stimulation with LPS in vitro, the cells showed an additional increase in IL-1beta production, whereas this additive effect could not be observed when incubation with both latex and LPS was carried out in vitro. The results suggest different patterns for IL-1beta production by rat peritoneal macrophages, depending on the way they are stimulated for phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bergman
- Department of Medicine C, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Salman H, Bergman M, Weizman A, Bessler H, Weiss J, Straussberg R, Djaldetti M. Effect of diazepam on the immune response of rats exposed to acute and chronic swim stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2000; 54:311-5. [PMID: 10989964 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(00)80053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the effect of the anti-stress agent diazepam on the immune response, rats were exposed either to acute swim stress, i.e., swimming once only for 30 minutes (non-trained swimmers), or to chronic stress with gradual progressive training for 6 weeks (trained swimmers). Both groups of animals were divided into subgroups treated before swimming with and without diazepam, 1 mg/kg, administered i.m. The phagocytic capacity and superoxide anion generation of the peritoneal macrophages was examined. In addition, the proliferative response of the splenic cells (splenocytes) to concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), as well as the serum corticosterone levels were investigated. Diazepam abolished increased superoxide anion production in both non-trained and trained swimmers. In non-trained swimmers, the number of latex particles internalized by each cell was decreased and further reduced by the drug. In trained rats treated with diazepam, the percentage of phagocytosing cells remained reduced compared to controls, whereas the drug prevented a decrease in the engulfing capacity of individual cells. Diazepam lowered the suppressed proliferative response of the splenocytes to PHA found in non-trained swimmers. It is concluded that diazepam modifies the immune response of rats exposed to acute and chronic swim stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Salman
- Department of Medicine C, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
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Salman H, Bergman M, Bessler H, Alexandrova S, Beilin B, Djaldetti M. Hypothermia affects the phagocytic activity of rat peritoneal macrophages. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2000; 168:431-6. [PMID: 10712581 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2000.00686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effect of hypothermia on the phagocytic capacity of rat peritoneal macrophages for latex particles, male Wistar rats were exposed to 4 degrees C for 8 and 72 h. While the shorter exposure to cold did not affect body temperature and macrophage function, animals exposed to 4 degrees C for 72 h showed a mean decrease of their body temperature by 1.5 degrees C. The superoxide anion production was significantly increased whereas the number of phagocytic cells decreased. In addition, the mean number of latex particles engulfed by each individual cell was lower than that of controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of these animals showed lower mitogen response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), while that for concanavalin A (Con-A) remained unchanged. Peritoneal macrophages exposed in vitro to 24 degrees C for 60 min showed a decreased phagocytic capacity in comparison with macrophages kept at 37 degrees C, an observation suggesting the development of an indigenous cell defect for phagocytosis at lower temperatures. On the other hand, the effect of additional humoral factor(s) on macrophage activity, such as an increase in serum level of catecholamines and corticosterone, cannot be excluded. The results of the study may contribute to understanding the predisposition to infections during exposure to cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Salman
- Department of Medicine 'C', Rabin Medical Center, Golda Campus (Hasharon), Petah Tiqva and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Salman H, Bergman M, Bessler H, Fenig E, Weiss J, Beilin B, Djaldetti M. Decreased phagocytic capacity of rat peritoneal macrophages following photon abdominal irradiation. Cancer Lett 1999; 147:175-9. [PMID: 10660103 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(99)00290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photon irradiation of the abdomen may be accompanied by complications due to a decrease in the immune defense of the recipient. Since peritoneal macrophages are an important component of the immune system, we examined the phagocytic activity and oxygen superoxide anion generation by peritoneal macrophages from rats 2 and 4 weeks after abdominal irradiation with 6 MV photons applying a single dose of 2 Gy. Two and 4 weeks after irradiation, peritoneal macrophages were harvested and their capacity to engulf latex particles and to produce oxygen superoxide anions was determined. Non-irradiated rats, treated identically otherwise, served as controls. Two weeks after irradiation the phagocytic capacity and oxygen superoxide anion generation decreased by 61 and 70%, respectively, compared with controls. This tendency persisted after 4 weeks post irradiation, the decrease in both functions being 50 and 74%, respectively. It is suggested that the altered function of peritoneal macrophages following irradiation may further compromise the immune defense in patients receiving abdominal radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Salman
- Department of Medicine C, Rabin Medical Center, Golda Campus, Petah Tiqva, Israel
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Salman H, Bergman M, Bessler H, Alexandrova S, Beilin B, Djaldetti M. Effect of sodium thiopentone anesthesia on the phagocytic activity of rat peritoneal macrophages. Life Sci 1998; 63:2221-6. [PMID: 9870707 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the effect of sodium thiopentone anesthesia on the function of phagocytic cells, albino rats were anesthetized with 60 mg/kg. of sodium thiopentone. After 90 min., peritoneal macrophages were harvested and their capacity for superoxide anion generation was detected. Following anesthesia for 90 min. latex particles were injected intraperitoneally, and after additional 30 min. the macrophages were derived, embedded in agar and the number of cells engaged in phagocytosis, as well as the number of latex particles engulfed by each individual cell were counted in semi-thick sections. Macrophages of anesthetized animals showed a statistically significant decrease of both superoxide anion generation and mean number of phagocytic cells, and engulfed fewer particles than those of the controls. Similar results were obtained following incubation of the cells with sodium thiopentone in vitro. The serum corticosterone level in anesthetized rats was significantly higher than that of the control animals. The results indicate that impaired phagocytosis following anesthesia induced by sodium thiopentone, in addition to alterations of the immune system caused by surgical trauma, may be one of the reasons for increased susceptibility to infections of surgical patients during the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Salman
- Department of Medicine C, Rabin Medical Center, Golda Campus, Petah Tiqva, Israel
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