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Massie AM, Skorupski K, Vernau W, McLarty E, Brady RV, Vernau KM. Large T-cell extradural lymphoma with concurrent marked cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2492-2497. [PMID: 37849352 PMCID: PMC10658537 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A 3-year-old male pit bull terrier was presented for a 4-day history of progressive tetraparesis and cervical pain. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed an extradural mass within the left lateral vertebral canal extending from caudal C5 to mid-T2. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) demonstrated marked (90%) eosinophilic inflammation. A C6-7 dorsal laminectomy and C7-T2 left hemilaminectomy were done, with gross disease remaining. Histopathology revealed a large T cell lymphoma with marked eosinophilic infiltration. The dog underwent CHOP-based chemotherapy with resolution of clinical signs, with a similar course of therapy performed at recurrence 37 months after initial presentation. The dog was euthanized 39 months after presentation for multiorgan failure secondary to neutropenic sepsis and aspiration pneumonia. This represents a positive long-term response to multimodal treatment of extradural T-cell lymphoma within the vertebral canal associated with a marked CSF eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Massie
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Katherine Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ehren McLarty
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel V. Brady
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate ProgramColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Karen M. Vernau
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Roufosse F, Garaud S, de Leval L. Lymphoproliferative disorders associated with hypereosinophilia. Semin Hematol 2012; 49:138-48. [PMID: 22449624 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypereosinophilia, defined as peripheral blood eosinophil counts > 1,500/μL, may complicate the course of various lymphoproliferative disorders. Among these, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and certain peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) derived from CD4 cells, including Sezary syndrome (SS), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), are most commonly associated with increased reactive eosinophilopoiesis. Rarely, marked hypereosinophilia (HE) may occur in the setting of acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia, with a substantial impact on disease course. The mechanisms leading to blood and tissue eosinophilia in the setting of lymphoproliferative disorders, as well as the clinical complications and prognostic implications of hypereosinophilia, are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Roufosse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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3
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Shiraishi J, Nakagawa Y, Kurata M, Yamamoto K, Abe Y, Toyoda Y, Suzuki K, Kitagawa M, Takemura T. Follicular lymphoma with marked infiltration of eosinophils. Pathol Int 2008; 58:701-5. [PMID: 18844935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2008.02296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilia and tissue infiltration by eosinophils are frequent findings in Hodgkin lymphoma, but they are extremely rare in B-cell lymphoma. Reported herein is a case of follicular lymphoma with extensive lymph node infiltration by eosinophils. The patient was a 71-year-old woman who had a mass in the vicinity of the pancreas found on routine ultrasonography. Subsequent CT indicated several enlarged abdominal lymph nodes, although superficial lymph nodes were not palpable. Two swollen mesenteric lymph nodes were excised to determine the cause of the lymphadenopathy. Histology indicated extensive infiltration of numerous eosinophils to the interfollicular area, especially in the dilated sinuses. The lymphoid follicles were relatively small, had inconspicuous germinal centers, and were scattered between dilated sinuses. Based on the histology, immunohistochemistry, and chromosomal abnormality, a diagnosis of follicular lymphoma was made. Expression of interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-5, eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and eotaxin-3 was investigated on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of the lymph node tissue, but none of the mRNA expression levels were elevated. This was a unique case of follicular lymphoma with extensive eosinophil infiltration, and to the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first such case ever reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Shiraishi
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Takasaki Y, Iwanaga M, Tsukasaki K, Kusano M, Sugahara K, Yamada Y, Kamihira S, Ikeda S, Tomonaga M. Impact of visceral involvements and blood cell count abnormalities on survival in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Leuk Res 2006; 31:751-7. [PMID: 17188352 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2006] [Revised: 11/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple visceral involvements and various blood cell count abnormalities are frequently manifested in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) at diagnosis. We evaluated the effects of four visceral involvement (bone marrow (BM), skin, liver, spleen) and six blood cell count abnormalities (anemia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, monocytosis, eosinophilia, basophilia) on the overall survival of 168 ATLL patients. In the aggressive type, BM involvement, skin involvement and monocytosis were significantly poor prognostic factors. Furthermore, concomitant involvement of BM and additional visceral organs worsened the prognosis. These data support that multiple organ involvements represent a poor prognostic factor for ATLL and provide clinical significance for BM examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Takasaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
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5
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Saita N, Goto E, Kohrogi H, Yamanaka T, Setoguchi K, Nonaka Y, Ando M. Spontaneous Production of Interleukin-5 and Its Heterogeneous Effect on Eosinophils in an Adult T-Cell Leukemia Patient. Allergol Int 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1592.2000.00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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6
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Arima N, Matsushita K, Obata H, Ohtsubo H, Fujiwara H, Arimura K, Kukita T, Suruga Y, Wakamatsu S, Hidaka S, Tei C. NF-kappaB involvement in the activation of primary adult T-cell leukemia cells and its clinical implications. Exp Hematol 1999; 27:1168-75. [PMID: 10390192 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(99)00053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The HTLV-I provirus-encoded Tax protein induces NF-kappaB in Tax-transfected Jurkat T cells or HTLVL-I- infected T cells in vitro. Tax induction of NF-kappaB is presumed to be involved in proliferation and activation of primary leukemia cells in vivo. Recent studies have demonstrated that NF-kappaB activities in human T cells are mediated by at least four c-Rel-related DNA binding proteins - p50, p55, p75 and p85. We examined the significance of NF-kappaB induction in primary adult T cell leukemia cells and the induction kinetics of each of the four NF-kappaB species. Marked NF-kappaB activity was detected using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in the primary cells of patients with acute disease, but little activity was noted in the cells of chronic patients. NF-kappaB activity was enhanced in a time-dependent manner in acute type cells cultured with mitogen-free medium; there was no induction of activity in chronic type cells. UV crosslinking demonstrated all four species of NFkappaB complex - high levels of p50 and lower levels of p55 and p75, in acute type cells; chronic type cells showed only the p50. As a control, normal resting T cells similarly showed only p50; control cells showed little change in activity when cultured without mitogenic stimulation, analogous to chronic type ATL. Northern blotting revealed enhancement of c-rel (encoding p85) and KBFI (encoding p50 and p55) expression in acute type cells during culture, while there was no significant enhancement of mRNAs in chronic type ATL cells or unstimulated normal T cells. Northern blotting also revealed that Tax is upregulated at the mRNA level in acute- but not chronic-type cells during culture. Expression of c-rel and KBF1 mRNAs in acute type cells appeared to be related to Tax mRNA expression. These results suggest that Tax is capable of inducing nuclear expression of all four NF-kappaB species in primary ATL cells of acute type patients, with marked effects on p55, p75, and p85. Tax induction of NF-kappaB species is regulated, at least in part, at a pretranslational level involving increases in c-rel and KBF1 mRNA.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Chronic Disease
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Gene Products, tax/physiology
- Genes, pX
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Kinetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- NF-kappa B/biosynthesis
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/physiology
- NF-kappa B p50 Subunit
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms/biosynthesis
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arima
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Japan.
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7
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Ogata M, Ogata Y, Kohno K, Uno N, Ohno E, Ohtsuka E, Saburi Y, Kamberi P, Nasu M, Kikuchi H. Eosinophilia associated with adult T-cell leukemia: role of interleukin 5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Am J Hematol 1998; 59:242-5. [PMID: 9798664 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(199811)59:3<242::aid-ajh11>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanism of eosinophilia in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), we studied three ATL patients having marked eosinophilia. Eosinophil-predominant colony-stimulating activity was detected in the serum of one patient and in the conditioned media (CM) from cultured ATL cells from two patients. Soluble interleukin 5 (IL-5), but no interleukin 3 (IL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), was detected in sera from all patients. On the other hand, GM-CSF was produced in vitro by ATL cells from all cases, whereas detectable IL-3 and IL-5 was produced by cells from only one, suggesting that in the other two cases, the serum IL-5 was produced by the normal reacting lymphocytes. The fact that no patient showed marked neutrophilia supports the possibility that IL-5 may have a leading role in the development of eosinophilia, with GM-CSF produced by ATL cells playing a complementary role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Oita Medical University, Japan
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8
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Yamagata T, Mitani K, Ueno H, Kanda Y, Yazaki Y, Hirai H. Triple synergism of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-encoded tax, GATA-binding protein, and AP-1 is required for constitutive expression of the interleukin-5 gene in adult T-cell leukemia cells. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17:4272-81. [PMID: 9234684 PMCID: PMC232280 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.17.8.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence demonstrates that adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is frequently associated with eosinophilia, and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected cells frequently express interleukin-5 (IL-5). However, the molecular mechanism of constitutive IL-5 expression in HTLV-1-infected cells remains unclear. To clarify the mechanism of aberrant IL-5 expression in HTLV-1-infected cells, we investigated the response of the human IL-5 promoter to the HTLV-1-encoded protein Tax. Cotransfection experiments using Jurkat cells revealed that Tax is incapable of activating the IL-5 promoter by itself but that it synergistically transactivates the promoter with GATA-binding protein (GATA-4) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulation. By introducing a series of mutations within the IL-5 promoter, we found that conserved lymphokine element 0 (CLE0) is responsible for mediating the signal induced by Tax-TPA. A deletion construct of the promoter indicated that the -75 GATA element and CLE0 are sufficient to mediate synergistic activation of the IL-5 promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using Jurkat cell nuclear extracts demonstrated that TPA induces a transcription factor to bind CLE0, and an experiment using JPX-9 cell nuclear extracts showed that Tax enhances this binding activity. An antibody supershift experiment revealed that this band consists of c-Jun and JunD. However, among the Jun family members, only c-Jun is able to cooperate with Tax and GATA-4 to activate the IL-5 promoter. We have determined the minimum factors required for IL-5 gene activation by reconstituting the IL-5 promoter activity in F9 cells. This is the first report to demonstrate the functional involvement of Tax protein in IL-5 gene regulation and to suggest the functional triple synergism among Tax, GATA-4, and AP-1, which disrupts regulated control of the gene and leads to constitutive expression of the IL-5 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamagata
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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9
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Várkonyi J, Jakab L, Zalatnay A, Nagy P, Vámoss R, Szombathy T. Polychondritis Terminating in Eosinophilic Leukemia. Pathol Oncol Res 1997; 3:135-138. [PMID: 11173641 DOI: 10.1007/bf02907809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here on a patient presenting with Relapsing Polychondritis (RP) two years before the diagnosis of Myelodysplasia (MDS) terminating in Eosinophilic Leukemia (EoL). The evolution of RP several etiology of RP in this patient. The terminal development of EoL in our case is assumed to represent clonal evolution caused by a second mutagenic event. The existence of autoimmune skin disorders in both the patient and his offspring (vitiligo and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, respectively) implies that the coexistence of MDS and RP may have been caused by a functional disturbance of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Várkonyi
- Semmelweis University of Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Endo M, Usuki K, Kitazume K, Iwabe K, Okuyama Y, Urabe A. Hypereosinophilic syndrome in Hodgkin's disease with increased granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Ann Hematol 1995; 71:313-4. [PMID: 8534765 DOI: 10.1007/bf01697986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a patient with eosinophilia accompanied by Hodgkin's disease who showed remarkable increase in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in plasma but no increase in interleukin-5 (IL-5). The plasma GM-CSF level normalized as eosinophilia and lymphadenopathy disappeared after chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical study with immunoperoxidase staining technique showed a positive stain in lymph node cells by monoclonal anti-GM-CSF antibody. Eosinophilia is often accompanied by Hodgkin's disease, and several cases have been reported to show high levels of plasma IL-5. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show a high level of plasma GM-CSF in Hodgkin's disease with eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Endo
- Division of Hematology, Kanto Teishin Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Yamagata T, Nishida J, Sakai R, Tanaka T, Honda H, Hirano N, Mano H, Yazaki Y, Hirai H. Of the GATA-binding proteins, only GATA-4 selectively regulates the human interleukin-5 gene promoter in interleukin-5-producing cells which express multiple GATA-binding proteins. Mol Cell Biol 1995; 15:3830-9. [PMID: 7791790 PMCID: PMC230622 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.15.7.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is produced by T lymphocytes and known to support B-cell growth and eosinophilic differentiation of the progenitor cells. Using ATL-16T cells which express IL-5 mRNA, we have identified a region within the human IL-5 gene promoter that regulates IL-5 gene transcription. This cis-acting sequence contains the core binding motif, (A/T)GATA(A/G), for GATA-binding family proteins and thus suggests the involvement of this family members. In this report, we describe the cloning of human GATA-4 (hGATA-4) and show that hGATA-4 selectively interacts with the -70 GATA site within the IL-5 proximal promoter region. By promoter deletion and mutation analyses, we established this region as a positive regulatory element. Cotransfection experiments revealed that both hGATA-4 and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-A23187 stimulation are necessary for IL-5 promoter activation. The requirement for another regulatory element called CLE0, which lies downstream of the -70 GATA site, was also demonstrated. ATL-16T cells express mRNAs of three GATA-binding proteins, hGATA-2, hGATA-3, and hGATA-4, and each of them has a potential to bind to the consensus (A/T)GATA(G/A) motif. However, using ATL-16T nuclear extract, we demonstrated that GATA-4 is the only GATA-binding protein that forms a specific DNA-protein complex with the -70 GATA site. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay with extracts of COS cells expressing GATA-binding proteins showed that GATA-4 has the highest binding affinity for the -70 GATA site among the three GATA-binding proteins. When the transactivation abilities were compared among the three, GATA-4 showed the highest activity. These results demonstrate the selective role of GATA-4 in the transcriptional regulation of the IL-5 gene in a circumstance where multiple members of the GATA-binding proteins are expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamagata
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo University, Japan
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12
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Dargent JL, Jacobovitz D, Pradier O, Velu T, Martiat P, Delplace J, Neve P, Diebold J. A case of pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma with a high content of reactive histiocytes presented with hypereosinophilia. Pathol Res Pract 1995; 191:463-8; discussion 469-70. [PMID: 7479365 DOI: 10.1016/s0344-0338(11)80734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A case of peripheral T-cell lymphoma classified, according to the updated Kiel classification, as a large pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma with a high content of reactive histiocytes and blood hypereosinophilia is reported. Light microscopic examination revealed a diffuse effacement of the lymph node structure by large pleomorphic lymphoma cells mixed with eosinophils and many histiocytes, some of them presenting discrete features of hemophagocytosis. The neoplastic cells were CD3, CD5, CD8 and HLA-DR positive but failed to show CD30 antigen. DNA molecular analysis displayed simultaneous rearrangements of the genes coding for the delta chain of the T-cell receptor and for the Ig heavy chain. Increased serum levels of angiotensin converting enzyme and ferritin were found and probably induced by the reactive histiocytes. Immunoassays (ELISA) with antibodies directed against some cytokines and against the Tac peptide (sIL-2R) were performed. They demonstrated high serum levels of sIL-2R and a slight increase in GM-CSF, but neither IL-5 nor IL-3. The association of blood hypereosinophilia and histiocytic hyperplasia with a peripheral T-cell lymphoma is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Dargent
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Academic Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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