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Rosadas C. Making HTLV-1 and those affected visible. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:880-881. [PMID: 38575706 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rosadas
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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2
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Fajami Z, Akbarin MM, Rafatpanah H, Ramezani S, Rahimi H, Rezaee SA. Assessment of Bcl-xL, TAX, and HBZ Gene Expression in Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024; 40:141-147. [PMID: 37565279 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2023.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma is a malignancy with a poor prognosis caused by human T lymphocyte virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Tax and HBZ are two major viral proteins that may be involved in oncogenesis by disrupting apoptosis. Because Bcl-xL plays an integral role in the anti-apoptotic pathway, this study examines the interaction between host apoptosis and oncoproteins. We investigated 37 HTLV-1-infected individuals, including 18 asymptomatic and 19 adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) subjects. mRNA was extracted and converted to cDNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and then gene expression was determined using TaqMan q-PCR. Moreover, the HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) was also measured using a commercial absolute quantification kit (Novin Gene, Iran). Data analysis revealed that the mean of TAX, HBZ, and PVL was significantly higher among the study groups (ATLL and carrier groups p = .003, p = .000, and p = .002 respectively). There was no statistical difference in Bcl-xL gene expression between the study groups (p = .323). It is proposed that this anti-apoptotic pathway may not be directly involved in the development of ATLL lymphoma. Bcl-xL, TAX, HBZ gene expression, and PVL can be utilized as prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fajami
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Akbarin
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Ramezani
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Rahimi
- Department of Hematology, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Folgosi VÂ, Konminakis SV, Silva FDD, Leite Junior PD, Haziot MEJ, Oliveira ACP, Smid J, Zrein M, Salvador F, Casseb J. Evaluation of the New Multi-HTLV Serological Assay: Improvement for HTLV-2 Detection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024; 40:134-140. [PMID: 37646414 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the accuracy of confirmatory tests for the diagnosis of human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), inconclusive or false-negative results still occur when diagnosing human T cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2)-positive patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of a confirmatory immunoassay, the Multi-HTLV assay. A total of 246 plasma samples were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and used to calculate the sensitivity and typing accuracy of the Multi-HTLV assay. Of the 246 plasma samples, 127 were positive for human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), 112 were positive for HTLV-2, and 7 were positive for both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. Thereafter, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to calculate the concordance between the qPCR test and Multi-HTLV assay in 12 samples with discrepant and inconclusive qPCR results. The Multi-HTLV assay showed high performance in identifying HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 with sensitivities of 97% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-0.98] and 94% (0.87-0.96), respectively. However, due to typing performance (98% for HTLV-1 and 94% for HTLV-2), it had 95% agreement with positive HTLV-1 qPCR results (95% CI: 90.07-97.81) and 86% (78.04-91.01) of HTLV-2 qPCR results were positive. Moreover, this test was able to recognize 80% of indeterminate samples and all HTLV-2 positive samples that showed false-negative qPCR results. Our findings, derived from a substantial number of HTLV-positive samples, underscore the inherent reliability and feasibility of the Multi-HTLV assay, regardless of the molecular testing facilities. Furthermore, the distinctive multiparametric nature of this assay, combined with its straightforward procedural execution, introduces novel perspectives for analyzing specific serological profiles in each patient, as well as the potential for immunological monitoring of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ângelo Folgosi
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shirley Vasconcelos Konminakis
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dias da Silva
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Domingos Leite Junior
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jerusa Smid
- Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jorge Casseb
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yaguchi H, Melamed A, Ramanayake S, Kiik H, Witkover A, Bangham CRM. The impact of HTLV-1 expression on the 3D structure and expression of host chromatin. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011716. [PMID: 38427693 PMCID: PMC10936777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A typical HTLV-1-infected individual carries >104 different HTLV-1-infected T cell clones, each with a single-copy provirus integrated in a unique genomic site. We previously showed that the HTLV-1 provirus causes aberrant transcription in the flanking host genome and, by binding the chromatin architectural protein CTCF, forms abnormal chromatin loops with the host genome. However, it remained unknown whether these effects were exerted simply by the presence of the provirus or were induced by its transcription. To answer this question, we sorted HTLV-1-infected T-cell clones into cells positive or negative for proviral plus-strand expression, and then quantified host and provirus transcription using RNA-seq, and chromatin looping using quantitative chromosome conformation capture (q4C), in each cell population. We found that proviral plus-strand transcription induces aberrant transcription and splicing in the flanking genome but suppresses aberrant chromatin loop formation with the nearby host chromatin. Reducing provirus-induced host transcription with an inhibitor of transcriptional elongation allows recovery of chromatin loops in the plus-strand-expressing population. We conclude that aberrant host transcription induced by proviral expression causes temporary, reversible disruption of chromatin looping in the vicinity of the provirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Yaguchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anat Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saumya Ramanayake
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Kiik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aviva Witkover
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R. M. Bangham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Quina M, Ramos D, Silva C, Pádua E. Diversity of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Cosmopolitan Subtype (HTLV-1a) Circulating in Infected Residents in Portugal. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024; 40:171-180. [PMID: 37462999 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2023.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) prevalence in Portugal is low and mainly affects immigrants from endemic areas where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection represents a public health problem. Despite the majority of HTLV-1-infected individuals remains asymptomatic, severe pathologies may develop after prolonged viral persistence, namely an aggressive form of leukemia. An increased mortality rate and faster progression to death is often related to HTLV-1/HIV coinfection. Nevertheless, studies showed that some antiretrovirals used in HIV treatment lead to a positive immune response against HTLV-1. This study aimed to analyze epidemiological and clinical data, and to assess the diversity of HTLV-1 strains circulating in infected residents diagnosed in the Portuguese national reference laboratory between 2010 and 2021. Long terminal repeat and env proviral sequences derived from 20 individuals were used to generate phylogenetic trees along with multiples reference sequences from different geographic origins retrieved from the database. Three samples belong to Portuguese natives and 17 belong to immigrants: 15 from several countries of Africa, 1 from South America, and 1 from Europe; 6 patients (30%, mean age 40.3 years) showed HTLV-1-related diseases, and 6 (30%, mean age 45.2 years) were coinfected with HIV/AIDS. The results show that the Cosmopolitan subtype is circulating in Portugal, with 10 sequences being classified as subgroup A, that include Portuguese and natives from S. Tomé and Príncipe with a mean age of 39.4 years, and 10 sequences that segregated into the Senegal cluster derived from natives born in Guinea-Bissau with a mean age of 43.5 years. A high proportion of HTLV-1-related diseases and HIV/AIDS coinfection was observed. Risk behavior practices and the absence of specific control measures, including diagnostic and treatment, may contribute to a silent dissemination of a broad diversity of HTLV-1 strains and, therefore, the increased rate of progression to debilitating diseases. In this manner, an early diagnostic and a molecular surveillance of HTLV-1 transmission remains necessary in Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Quina
- Reference Laboratory of HIV and Hepatitis B and C, Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo Ramos
- Reference Laboratory of HIV and Hepatitis B and C, Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Silva
- Reference Laboratory of HIV and Hepatitis B and C, Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elizabeth Pádua
- Reference Laboratory of HIV and Hepatitis B and C, Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
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Marie P, Bazire M, Ladet J, Ameur LB, Chahar S, Fontrodona N, Sexton T, Auboeuf D, Bourgeois CF, Mortreux F. Gene-to-gene coordinated regulation of transcription and alternative splicing by 3D chromatin remodeling upon NF-κB activation. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1527-1543. [PMID: 38272542 PMCID: PMC10899780 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB protein p65/RelA plays a pivotal role in coordinating gene expression in response to diverse stimuli, including viral infections. At the chromatin level, p65/RelA regulates gene transcription and alternative splicing through promoter enrichment and genomic exon occupancy, respectively. The intricate ways in which p65/RelA simultaneously governs these functions across various genes remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we employed the HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein, a potent activator of NF-κB, to investigate its influence on the three-dimensional organization of the genome, a key factor in gene regulation. We discovered that Tax restructures the 3D genomic landscape, bringing together genes based on their regulation and splicing patterns. Notably, we found that the Tax-induced gene-gene contact between the two master genes NFKBIA and RELA is associated with their respective changes in gene expression and alternative splicing. Through dCas9-mediated approaches, we demonstrated that NFKBIA-RELA interaction is required for alternative splicing regulation and is caused by an intragenic enrichment of p65/RelA on RELA. Our findings shed light on new regulatory mechanisms upon HTLV-1 Tax and underscore the integral role of p65/RelA in coordinated regulation of NF-κB-responsive genes at both transcriptional and splicing levels in the context of the 3D genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Marie
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, 46 Allée d’Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Matéo Bazire
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, 46 Allée d’Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Julien Ladet
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, 46 Allée d’Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Lamya Ben Ameur
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, 46 Allée d’Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Sanjay Chahar
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U1258, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 6704 Illkirch, France
| | - Nicolas Fontrodona
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, 46 Allée d’Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Tom Sexton
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U1258, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 6704 Illkirch, France
| | - Didier Auboeuf
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, 46 Allée d’Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Cyril F Bourgeois
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, 46 Allée d’Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Franck Mortreux
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, 46 Allée d’Italie Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France
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Nagata K, Tezuka K, Kuramitsu M, Fuchi N, Hasegawa Y, Hamaguchi I, Miura K. Establishment of a novel human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection model using cell-free virus. J Virol 2024; 98:e0186223. [PMID: 38294250 PMCID: PMC10878273 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01862-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary mode of infection by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is cell-to-cell transmission during contact between infected cells and target cells. Cell-free HTLV-1 infections are known to be less efficient than infections with other retroviruses, and transmission of free HTLV-1 is considered not to occur in vivo. However, it has been demonstrated that cell-free HTLV-1 virions can infect primary lymphocytes and dendritic cells in vitro, and that virions embedded in biofilms on cell membranes can contribute to transmission. The establishment of an efficient cell-free HTLV-1 infection model would be a useful tool for analyzing the replication process of HTLV-1 and the clonal expansion of infected cells. We first succeeded in obtaining supernatants with high-titer cell-free HTLV-1 using a highly efficient virus-producing cell line. The HTLV-1 virions retained the structural characteristics of retroviruses. Using this cell-free infection model, we confirmed that a variety of cell lines and primary cultured cells can be infected with HTLV-1 and demonstrated that the provirus was randomly integrated into all chromosomes in the target cells. The provirus-integrated cell lines were HTLV-1-productive. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that cell-free HTLV-1 is infectious in vivo using a humanized mouse model. These results indicate that this cell-free infection model recapitulates the HTLV-1 life cycle, including entry, reverse transcription, integration into the host genome, viral replication, and secondary infection. The new cell-free HTLV-1 infection model is promising as a practical resource for studying HTLV-1 infection.IMPORTANCECo-culture of infected and target cells is frequently used for studying HTLV-1 infection. Although this method efficiently infects HTLV-1, the cell mixture is complex, and it is extremely difficult to distinguish donor infected cells from target cells. In contrast, cell-free HTLV-1 infection models allow for more strict experimental conditions. In this study, we established a novel and efficient cell-free HTLV-1 infection model. Using this model, we successfully evaluated the infectivity titers of cell-free HTLV-1 as proviral loads (copies per 100 cells) in various cell lines, primary cultured cells, and a humanized mouse model. Interestingly, the HTLV-1-associated viral biofilms played an important role in enhancing the infectivity of the cell-free infection model. This cell-free HTLV-1 infection model reproduces the replication cycle of HTLV-1 and provides a simple, powerful, and alternative tool for researching HTLV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Nagata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Tezuka
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Kuramitsu
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Fuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuri Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Yamada A, Yasunaga J, Liang L, Zhang W, Sunagawa J, Nakaoka S, Iwami S, Kogure Y, Ito Y, Kataoka K, Nakagawa M, Iwanaga M, Utsunomiya A, Koh K, Watanabe T, Nosaka K, Matsuoka M. Anti-HTLV-1 immunity combined with proviral load as predictive biomarkers for adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:310-320. [PMID: 37950425 PMCID: PMC10823268 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) establishes chronic infection in humans and induces a T-cell malignancy called adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) and several inflammatory diseases such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Persistent HTLV-1 infection is established under the pressure of host immunity, and therefore the immune response against HTLV-1 is thought to reflect the status of the disease it causes. Indeed, it is known that cellular immunity against viral antigens is suppressed in ATL patients compared to HAM/TSP patients. In this study, we show that profiling the humoral immunity to several HTLV-1 antigens, such as Gag, Env, and Tax, and measuring proviral load are useful tools for classifying disease status and predicting disease development. Using targeted sequencing, we found that several carriers whom this profiling method predicted to be at high risk for developing ATL indeed harbored driver mutations of ATL. The clonality of HTLV-1-infected cells in those carriers was still polyclonal; it is consistent with an early stage of leukemogenesis. Furthermore, this study revealed significance of anti-Gag proteins to predict high risk group in HTLV-1 carriers. Consistent with this finding, anti-Gag cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were increased in patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and achieved remission state, indicating the significance of anti-Gag CTLs for disease control. Our findings suggest that our strategy that combines anti-HTLV-1 antibodies and proviral load may be useful for prediction of the development of HTLV-1-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Yamada
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Jun‐ichirou Yasunaga
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Lihan Liang
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Junya Sunagawa
- Graduate School of Life ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Shinji Nakaoka
- Faculty of Advanced Life ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Shingo Iwami
- Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Yasunori Kogure
- Division of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Yuta Ito
- Division of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Division of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | | | - Masako Iwanaga
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General HospitalKagoshimaJapan
| | - Ki‐Ryang Koh
- Department of Hematology, Osaka General Hospital of West Japan Railway CompanyOsakaJapan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Department of Practical Management of Medical Information, Graduate School of MedicineSt Marianna UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kisato Nosaka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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Forghani-Ramandi MM, Mostafavi B, Bahavar A, Dehghankar M, Siami Z, Mozhgani SH. Illuminating (HTLV-1)-induced adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma transcriptomic signature: A systems virology approach. Virus Res 2023; 338:199237. [PMID: 37832654 PMCID: PMC10618755 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a poor prognosis malignancy of peripheral T-cells caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The low survival rates observed in the patients are the result of the lack of sufficient knowledge about the disease pathogenesis. METHODS In the present study, we first identified differentially expressed genes in ATLL patients and the cellular signaling pathways affected by them. Then, genes of these pathways were subjected to more comprehensive evaluations, including WGCNA and module validation studies on five external datasets. Finally, potential biomarkers were selected for qRT-PCR validation. RESULTS Thirteen signaling pathways, including Apoptosis, Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection, IL-17 signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, and seven others were selected for deeper investigations. Results of our in-depth bioinformatics evaluations, highlighted pathways related to regulation of immune responses, T-cell receptor and activation, regulation of cell signaling receptors and messengers, Wnt signaling pathway, and apoptosis as key players in ATLL pathogenesis. MAPK3, PIK3CD, KRAS, NFKB1, TNF, PLCB3, PLCB2, PLCB1, MAPK11, JUN, ITPR1, ADCY1, GNAQ, ADCY3, ADCY4, CHEK1, CCND1, SOS2, BAX, FOS and GNA12 were identified as possible biomarkers. Upregulation of ADCY1 and ADCY3 genes was confirmed via qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we performed a deep bioinformatic examination on a limited set of genes with high probabilities of involvement in the pathogenesis of ATLL. Our results highlighted signaling pathways and genes with potential key roles in disease formation and resistance against current treatment strategies. Further studies are required to test the possible benefits of highlighted genes as biomarkers and targets of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behnam Mostafavi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Atefeh Bahavar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Dehghankar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zeinab Siami
- Department Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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de-Mendoza C, Pérez L, Rando A, Reina G, Aguilera A, Benito R, Eirós JM, Rodríguez-Avial I, Ortega D, Pozuelo MJ, Pena MJ, Soriano V. HTLV-1-associated myelopathy in Spain. J Clin Virol 2023; 169:105619. [PMID: 38000189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HTLV-1 infection is a neglected disease. Over 10 million people are infected worldwide, with hot spots of high endemicity across all continents. Roughly 5% of HTLV-1 carriers develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), a progressive subacute neurological disabling disease. METHODS We report the main features of patients diagnosed with HAM up to date in Spain, a non-endemic country with a relatively high migrant flow from Latin America and Equatorial Africa, where HTLV-1 is endemic. RESULTS A total of 451 cases of HTLV-1 had been recorded in Spain until the end of year 2022. HAM had been diagnosed in 58 (12.9%). The current incidence is of 2-3 new cases per year. Women represent 76%. Mean age at diagnosis is 49 years-old. Nearly 60% are Latin Americans. Although sexual transmission is the most likely route of HTLV-1 acquisition, up to 6 individuals had been infected following solid organ transplantation. Rapid onset myelopathy developed in all but one of these transplant recipients from three HTLV-1-positive donors. HTLV-1 subtype 1a transcontinental was the only variant recognized in HAM patients. HTLV-1 proviral load was significantly greater in HAM patients than in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (677 vs 104 HTLV-1 DNA copies/104 PBMC; p = 0.012). Symptom relief medications and physiotherapy have been the only treatment providing some benefit to HAM patients. Neither significant clinical nor virological efficacy was noticed using antiretrovirals in at least 9 HAM patients. Two thirds of HAM patients ended up in a wheelchair and with urinary/fecal sphincter incontinence. CONCLUSION HAM is the most frequent clinical manifestation of HTLV-1 infection in Spain, a non-endemic country. Middle aged women migrants from Latin America are the most frequently affected. Two thirds end up in a wheelchair despite using antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen de-Mendoza
- Puerta de Hierro University Hospital & Research Foundation-IDIPHISA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Pérez
- Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rafael Benito
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - María José Pena
- Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Vicente Soriano
- UNIR Health Sciences School & Medical Center, UNIR-Citei, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Maeda Y, Monde K, Terasawa H, Tanaka Y, Sawa T. Interaction of TSG101 with the PTAP Motif in Distinct Locations of Gag Determines the Incorporation of HTLV-1 Env into the Retroviral Virion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16520. [PMID: 38003710 PMCID: PMC10671467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell tropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is known to be mainly transmitted by cell-to-cell contact due to the lower infectivity of the cell-free virion. However, the reasons why cell-free HTLV-1 infection is poor remain unknown. In this study, we found that the retrovirus pseudotyped with HTLV-1 viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) was infectious when human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was used to produce the virus. We found that the incorporation of HTLV-1 Env into virus-like particles (VLPs) was low when HTLV-1 Gag was used to produce VLPs, whereas VLPs produced using HIV-1 Gag efficiently incorporated HTLV-1 Env. The production of VLPs using Gag chimeras between HTLV-1 and HIV-1 Gag and deletion mutants of HIV-1 Gag showed that the p6 domain of HIV-1 Gag was responsible for the efficient incorporation of HTLV-1 Env into the VLPs. Further mutagenic analyses of the p6 domain of HIV-1 Gag revealed that the PTAP motif in the p6 domain of HIV-1 Gag facilitates the incorporation of HTLV-1 Env into VLPs. Since the PTAP motif is known to interact with tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) during the budding process, we evaluated the effect of TSG101 knockdown on the incorporation of HTLV-1 Env into VLPs. We found that TSG101 knockdown suppressed the incorporation of HTLV-1 Env into VLPs and decreased the infectivity of cell-free HIV-1 pseudotyped with HTLV-1 Env. Our results suggest that the interaction of TSG101 with the PTAP motif of the retroviral L domain is involved not only in the budding process but also in the efficient incorporation of HTLV-1 Env into the cell-free virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Maeda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (K.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Kazuaki Monde
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (K.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Hiromi Terasawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (K.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuetsu Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (K.M.); (T.S.)
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12
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de Sena Rodrigues Júnior R, Antonia Nunes Gomes J, Alberto da Silva Dias G, Fujihara S, Toshimitsu Yoshikawa G, Vilela Lopes Koyama R, Catarina Medeiros Sousa R, Antonio Simões Quaresma J, Thais Fuzii H. T helper type 9 cell response and its role in the neurological clinic of patients with Human T-lymphotropic virus 1. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152740. [PMID: 37657359 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) affects 5-10 million individuals worldwide. Most of those infected with this virus remain asymptomatic; however, 0.25%-4% of individuals develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), while 2%-4% develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Understanding the immune response inherent in this infection is extremely important. The role of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells in HTLV-1 infection is well known; however, exploring the different subtypes of immune responses is also necessary. The role of Th9 cells in HTLV-1 infection and the mechanisms involved in their interference in the pathophysiological process of HAM/TSP is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the expression profiles of PU.1, interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4), and cytokine interleukin-9 (IL-9) during the induction of peripheral immune response and their role in the HTLV-1-infected patients' neurological symptoms. This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out at the Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiology of Endemic Diseases and the Laboratory of Immunopathology, both from the Tropical Medicine Center at the Federal University of Pará. Assessment of neurological parameters was performed (gait, Expanded Kurtzke Disability State Scale (EDSS) score, upper and lower limb reflexes, Hoffman's sign, Babinski reflex, and clonus reflex). For Th9 cell analysis, peripheral blood samples were collected from HTLV-1-infected patients; then, the lymphomononuclear cells were separated followed by the isolation of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) synthesis each sample was carried out. The gene expression levels of PU.1, IRF-4, and IL-9 as well as those of constitutive genes (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and β-actin) were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). This study included 81 HTLV-1-infected patients, of whom 47 were asymptomatic, 13 were mono/oligosymptomatic (MOS), and 21 developed HAM/TSP. IL-9 was the least expressed gene among the three studied groups. The MOS group showed the lowest expression levels of PU.1, IRF-4, and IL-9. HAM/TSP patients showed lower IL-9 protein quantification. Negative correlations were found between IL and 9 and EDSS in MOS patients and between PU.1, EDSS, IRF-4, and EDSS in the HAM/TSP group. An association was found between IL and 9 and Babinski reflex in the HAM/TSP group, suggesting that this gene was more highly expressed in patients who did not have this pathological sign. Th9 cells may interfere with the neurological progression of HAM/TSP and act as a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satomi Fujihara
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
- Immunopathology Laboratory of Tropical Medicine Center. Federal University of Pará, Brazil; Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Pará State University, Brazil
| | - Hellen Thais Fuzii
- Immunopathology Laboratory of Tropical Medicine Center. Federal University of Pará, Brazil.
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13
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Nakahata S, Enriquez-Vera D, Jahan MI, Sugata K, Satou Y. Understanding the Immunopathology of HTLV-1-Associated Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1543. [PMID: 37892225 PMCID: PMC10605031 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). HTLV-1 carriers have a lifelong asymptomatic balance between infected cells and host antiviral immunity; however, 5-10% of carriers lose this balance and develop ATL. Coinfection with Strongyloides promotes ATL development, suggesting that the immunological status of infected individuals is a determinant of HTLV-1 pathogenicity. As CD4+ T cells play a central role in host immunity, the deregulation of their function and differentiation via HTLV-1 promotes the immune evasion of infected T cells. During ATL development, the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in key host immunity-related genes further disturbs the immunological balance. Various approaches are available for treating these abnormalities; however, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the only treatment with the potential to cure ATL. The patient's immune state may contribute to the treatment outcome. Additionally, the activity of the anti-CC chemokine receptor 4 antibody, mogamulizumab, depends on immune function, including antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the immunopathogenesis of HTLV-1 infection in ATL and discuss the clinical findings that should be considered when developing treatment strategies for ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakahata
- Division of HTLV-1/ATL Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Daniel Enriquez-Vera
- Division of HTLV-1/ATL Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - M. Ishrat Jahan
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugata
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yorifumi Satou
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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14
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Letafati A, Mozhgani SH, Marjani A, Amiri A, Siami Z, Mohammaditabar M, Molaverdi G, Hedayatyaghoobi M. Decoding dysregulated angiogenesis in HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers compared to healthy individuals. Med Oncol 2023; 40:317. [PMID: 37792095 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the first identified human retrovirus responsible for two significant diseases: HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Although the majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic carriers, a small percentage may develop ATLL or HAM/TSP. In tumorigenesis, a crucial process is angiogenesis, which involves the formation of new blood vessels. However, the precise mechanism of HTLV-1 associated angiogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the gene regulation involved in the angiogenesis signaling pathway associated with HTLV-1 infection. The research enrolled 20 male participants, including asymptomatic carriers and healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected and screened using ELISA for HTLV-1 confirmation, and PCR was performed for both Tax and HBZ for validation. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were carried out, followed by RT-qPCR analysis targeting cellular genes involved in angiogenesis. Our findings indicate that gene expression related to angiogenesis was elevated in HTLV-1 ACs patients. However, the differences in gene expression of the analyzed genes, including HSP27, Paxillin, PDK1, PTEN, RAF1, SOS1, and VEGFR2 between ACs and healthy individuals were not statistically significant. This suggests that although angiogenesis-related genes may show increased expression in HTLV-1 infection, they might not be robust indicators of ATLL progression in asymptomatic carriers. The results of our study demonstrate that angiogenesis gene expression is altered in ACs of HTLV-1, indicating potential involvement of angiogenesis in the early stages before ATLL development. While we observed elevated angiogenesis gene expression in ACs, the lack of statistical significance between ACs and healthy individuals suggests that these gene markers may not be sufficient on their own to predict the development of ATLL in asymptomatic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Marjani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zeinab Siami
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Ghazale Molaverdi
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hedayatyaghoobi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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15
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Li H, Zou F, Zhang J, Zhu S, Chu K, Zhang X, Zhao T. YAP suppresses human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 transcription. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29065. [PMID: 37661566 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus that causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). HTLV-1 encodes Tax protein that activates transcription from viral long terminal repeats (LTR). Multiple cofactors are involved in the regulation of HTLV-1 transcription via association with Tax. Yes-associated protein (YAP), which is the key effector of Hippo pathway, is elevated and activated in ATL cells. In this study, we reported that YAP protein suppressed Tax activation of HTLV-1 5' LTR but not 3' LTR. The activation of the 5' LTR by Tax was potentiated when YAP was depleted. Moreover, overexpression of YAP repressed HTLV-1 plus-strand viral gene expression and virion production, whereas compromising YAP by RNA inference augmented the expression of HTLV-1 protein. As mechanisms of YAP-mediated viral transcription inhibition, we found that YAP interacted with Tax, and prevented the association between Tax and p300. It finally led to the inhibition of recruitment of Tax to the Tax-responsive element in the 5' LTR of HTLV-1. Taken together, our results demonstrate the negative regulatory function of YAP in Tax activation of HTLV-1 transcription. It may achieve sufficient transcriptional repression to maintain persistent infection and long-term latency of HTLV-1 in the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengbo Li
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Feng Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyu Zhu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaifei Chu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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16
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Correa LP, da Costa Farias F, Dos Santos Barile KA, Palmeira MK, de Melo Amaral CE. Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) prevalence of blood donors in the state of Pará, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1745-1750. [PMID: 37454039 PMCID: PMC10484891 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study had the objective to describe the molecular prevalence and epidemiological aspects of the human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) infection in the blood donor population of the Pará state. METHODS The present study is a descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional review of epidemiological, serological, and molecular data on inapt blood donors in the State Center for Hematology and Hemotherapy from January 2015 to December 2021. The data were digitalized to create a database using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program. The prevalence of HTLV-2 was calculated based on the total number of donations during the study period. Descriptive frequency was used to analyze the qualitative data. RESULTS A total of 665,568 blood donations were made. Out of these, 1884 (0.2%) samples presented serological detection to HTLV and further were evaluated using molecular confirmatory tests. Out of these, 36 samples were positive for HTLV-2 using qPCR Taqman assay based on pol gene region (0.005%). The HTLV-2 was found to be more prevalent in women (63.9%); aged between 39 and 59 years (55.6%); residents of the metropolitan region of Belém (80.6%); with self-declared race as brown (80.6%); individuals who had completed high school (58.6%); and first-time donors (58.3%) CONCLUSION: The present study identified the presence of HTLV-2 (1 HTLV-2 case/20,000 donations; 0.005%) in the specific population of blood donors in Pará state. These findings can contribute to the existing literature on the subject both for specific population groups under study and for understanding the prevalence of HTLV-2 in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pinheiro Correa
- Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia (UNIFAMAZ), Rua de Óbidos 179, apto. 1001, Belém, PA, 66020-446, Brazil.
| | - Fatyene da Costa Farias
- Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia (UNIFAMAZ), Rua de Óbidos 179, apto. 1001, Belém, PA, 66020-446, Brazil
| | - Katarine Antonia Dos Santos Barile
- Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia (UNIFAMAZ), Rua de Óbidos 179, apto. 1001, Belém, PA, 66020-446, Brazil
- Fundação Centro de Hemoterapia e Hematologia do Pará (HEMOPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maurício Koury Palmeira
- Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia (UNIFAMAZ), Rua de Óbidos 179, apto. 1001, Belém, PA, 66020-446, Brazil
- Fundação Centro de Hemoterapia e Hematologia do Pará (HEMOPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo de Melo Amaral
- Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia (UNIFAMAZ), Rua de Óbidos 179, apto. 1001, Belém, PA, 66020-446, Brazil
- Fundação Centro de Hemoterapia e Hematologia do Pará (HEMOPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Nunes da Silva A, Araújo THA, Boa-Sorte N, Farias G, Galvão-Barroso AK, de Carvalho A, Vicente AC, Galvão-Castro B, Rios Grassi MF. Epidemiological and molecular evidence of intrafamilial transmission through sexual and vertical routes in Bahia, the state with the highest prevalence of HTLV-1 in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011005. [PMID: 37769013 PMCID: PMC10593241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Familial clustering of HTLV-1 and related diseases has been reported in Brazil. However, intrafamilial transmission of HTLV-1 based on molecular analysis has been studied only in a few communities of Japanese immigrants and African-Brazilians. OBJECTIVE To investigate the familial clustering of HTLV-1 infection and to determine the likely routes of transmission through epidemiological and genetic analyzes. METHODS Medical records of 1,759 HTLV-1+ patients from de the Center for HTLV in Salvador, Brazil, were evaluated to identify first-degree relatives previously tested for HTLV-1. Familial clustering was assumed if more than one member of the same family was HTLV-1+. LTR regions of HTLV-1 sequences were analyzed for the presence of intrafamilial polymorphisms. Family pedigrees were constructed and analyzed to infer the likely transmission routes of HTLV-1. RESULTS In 154 patients at least one other family member had tested positive for HTLV-1 (a total of 182 first-degree relatives). Of the 91 couples (182 individuals), 51.6% were breastfed, and 67.4% reported never using a condom. Of the 42 mother-child pairs, 23.8% had a child aged 13 years or younger; all mothers reported breastfeeding their babies. Pedigrees of families with 4 or more members suggests that vertical transmission is a likely mode of transmission in three families. Three families may have had both vertical and sexual transmission routes for HTLV-1. The genetic signatures of the LTR region of 8 families revealed 3 families with evidence of vertical transmission, another 3 families (spouses) with sexual transmission, and one family with both transmission routes. HTLV-1 sequences belonged to Cosmopolitan subtype HTLV-1a Transcontinental subgroup A. CONCLUSION Sexual and vertical transmission routes contribute to the intrafamilial spread of HTLV-1 in the state of Bahia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ney Boa-Sorte
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brasil
| | - Giovanne Farias
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Bernardo Galvão-Castro
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brasil
- Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brasil
| | - Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brasil
- Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brasil
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Rahimzada M, Nahavandi M, Saffari M, Shafaei A, Mosavat A, Ahmadi Gezeldasht S, Ariaee N, Valizadeh N, Rahimi H, Rezaee SA, Derakhshan M. Gene expression study of host-human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) interactions: adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7479-7487. [PMID: 37480512 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In HTLV-1-associated malignant disease, adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL), the interaction of virus and host was evaluated at the chemokines gene expression level. Also, IL-1β and Caspase-1 expressions were evaluated to investigate the importance of pyroptosis in disease development and progression. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of host CCR6 and CXCR-3 and the HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL), Tax, and HBZ were assessed in 17 HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers (ACs) and 12 ATLL patients using the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), TaqMan method. Moreover, RT-qPCR, SYBR Green assay were performed to measure Caspase-1 and IL-1β expression. HTLV-1-Tax did not express in 91.5% of the ATLLs, while HBZ was expressed in all ATLLs. The expression of CXCR3 dramatically decreased in ATLLs compared to ACs (p = 0.001). The expression of CCR6 was lower in ATLLs than ACs (p = 0.04). The mean of PVL in ATLL patients was statistically higher than ACs (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the expression of the IL-1β between ATLLs and ACs was not statistically significant (p = 0.4). In contrast, there was a meaningful difference between Caspase-1 in ATLLs and ACs (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that in the first stage of ATLL malignancy toward acute lymphomatous, CXCR3 and its progression phase may target the pyroptosis process. Mainly, HBZ expression could be a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masooma Rahimzada
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi-Square, Medical Campus, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Mehri Nahavandi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi-Square, Medical Campus, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Mona Saffari
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi-Square, Medical Campus, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Azam Shafaei
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sanaz Ahmadi Gezeldasht
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nazila Ariaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi-Square, Medical Campus, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Narges Valizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi-Square, Medical Campus, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
| | - Hossein Rahimi
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi-Square, Medical Campus, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Derakhshan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi-Square, Medical Campus, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran.
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19
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Toyoda K, Yasunaga JI, Shichijo T, Arima Y, Tsujita K, Tanaka A, Salah T, Zhang W, Hussein O, Sonoda M, Watanabe M, Kurita D, Nakashima K, Yamada K, Miyoshi H, Ohshima K, Matsuoka M. HTLV-1 bZIP Factor-Induced Reprogramming of Lactate Metabolism and Epigenetic Status Promote Leukemic Cell Expansion. Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:374-393. [PMID: 37162520 PMCID: PMC10473166 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acceleration of glycolysis is a common trait of cancer. A key metabolite, lactate, is typically secreted from cancer cells because its accumulation is toxic. Here, we report that a viral oncogene, HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ), bimodally upregulates TAp73 to promote lactate excretion from adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) cells. HBZ protein binds to EZH2 and reduces its occupancy of the TAp73 promoter. Meanwhile, HBZ RNA activates TAp73 transcription via the BATF3-IRF4 machinery. TAp73 upregulates the lactate transporters MCT1 and MCT4. Inactivation of TAp73 leads to intracellular accumulation of lactate, inducing cell death in ATL cells. Furthermore, TAp73 knockout diminishes the development of inflammation in HBZ-transgenic mice. An MCT1/4 inhibitor, syrosingopine, decreases the growth of ATL cells in vitro and in vivo. MCT1/4 expression is positively correlated with TAp73 in many cancers, and MCT1/4 upregulation is associated with dismal prognosis. Activation of the TAp73-MCT1/4 pathway could be a common mechanism contributing to cancer metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE An antisense gene encoded in HTLV-1, HBZ, reprograms lactate metabolism and epigenetic modification by inducing TAp73 in virus-positive leukemic cells. A positive correlation between TAp73 and its target genes is also observed in many other cancer cells, suggesting that this is a common mechanism for cellular oncogenesis. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 337.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Toyoda
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun-ichirou Yasunaga
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shichijo
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Azusa Tanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tarig Salah
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Osama Hussein
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Miyu Sonoda
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Miho Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurita
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Nakashima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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20
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Smith S, Seth J, Midkiff A, Stahl R, Syu YC, Shkriabai N, Kvaratskhelia M, Musier-Forsyth K, Jain P, Green PL, Panfil AR. The Pleiotropic Effects of YBX1 on HTLV-1 Transcription. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13119. [PMID: 37685922 PMCID: PMC10487795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HTLV-1 is an oncogenic human retrovirus and the etiologic agent of the highly aggressive ATL malignancy. Two viral genes, Tax and Hbz, are individually linked to oncogenic transformation and play an important role in the pathogenic process. Consequently, regulation of HTLV-1 gene expression is a central feature in the viral lifecycle and directly contributes to its pathogenic potential. Herein, we identified the cellular transcription factor YBX1 as a binding partner for HBZ. We found YBX1 activated transcription and enhanced Tax-mediated transcription from the viral 5' LTR promoter. Interestingly, YBX1 also interacted with Tax. shRNA-mediated loss of YBX1 decreased transcript and protein abundance of both Tax and HBZ in HTLV-1-transformed T-cell lines, as well as Tax association with the 5' LTR. Conversely, YBX1 transcriptional activation of the 5' LTR promoter was increased in the absence of HBZ. YBX1 was found to be associated with both the 5' and 3' LTRs in HTLV-1-transformed and ATL-derived T-cell lines. Together, these data suggest that YBX1 positively influences transcription from both the 5' and 3' promoter elements. YBX1 is able to interact with Tax and help recruit Tax to the 5' LTR. However, through interactions with HBZ, YBX1 transcriptional activation of the 5' LTR is repressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Smith
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Jaideep Seth
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Amanda Midkiff
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Rachel Stahl
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Yu-Ci Syu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Y.-C.S.); (K.M.-F.)
| | - Nikoloz Shkriabai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Mamuka Kvaratskhelia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (N.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Karin Musier-Forsyth
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Y.-C.S.); (K.M.-F.)
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA;
| | - Patrick L. Green
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Amanda R. Panfil
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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21
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Kusuda M, Nakasone H, Yoshimura K, Okada Y, Tamaki M, Matsuoka A, Ishikawa T, Meno T, Nakamura Y, Kawamura M, Takeshita J, Kawamura S, Yoshino N, Misaki Y, Gomyo A, Tanihara A, Kimura SI, Kako S, Kanda Y. Gene expression and TCR amino acid sequences selected by HLA-A02:01-restricted CTLs specific to HTLV-1 in ATL patients. Br J Haematol 2023; 202:578-588. [PMID: 37317804 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy of peripheral T cells caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1). Tax is the most important regulatory protein for HTLV-1. We aimed to reveal a unique amino acid sequence (AA) of complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of the T-cell receptor (TCR)β and TCRα chains of HLA-A*02:01-restricted Tax11-19 -specific cytotoxic T cells (Tax-CTLs). The gene expression profiles (GEP) of Tax-CTLs were assessed by the next-generation sequence (NGS) method with SMARTer technology. Tax-CTLs seemed to be oligoclonal, and their gene compositions were skewed. The unique motifs of 'DSWGK' in TCRα and 'LAG' in TCRβ at CDR3 were observed in almost all patients. Tax-CTL clones harbouring the 'LAG' motif with BV28 had a higher binding score than those without either of them, besides a higher binding score associated with longer survival. Tax-CTLs established from a single cell showed killing activities against Tax-peptide-pulsed HLA-A2+ T2 cell lines. GEP of Tax-CTLs revealed that genes associated with immune response activity were well preserved in long-term survivors with stable status. These methods and results can help us better understand immunity against ATL, and should contribute to future studies on the clinical application of adoptive T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Kusuda
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakasone
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medicial University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshimura
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okada
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tamaki
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akari Matsuoka
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takuto Ishikawa
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Meno
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nakamura
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Kawamura
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Junko Takeshita
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunto Kawamura
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yoshino
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukiko Misaki
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayumi Gomyo
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Aki Tanihara
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kako
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kanda
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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22
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Tamaki T, Karube K, Sakihama S, Tsuruta Y, Awazawa R, Hayashi M, Nakada N, Matsumoto H, Yagi N, Ohshiro K, Nakazato I, Kitamura S, Nishi Y, Miyagi T, Yamaguchi S, Nakachi S, Morishima S, Masuzaki H, Takahashi K, Fukushima T, Wada N. A Comprehensive Study of the Immunophenotype and its Clinicopathologic Significance in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100169. [PMID: 36997002 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a mature T-cell tumor caused by human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The typical ATLL immunophenotypes are described in the 2017 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (positive: CD2, CD3, CD5, CD4, and CD25; negative: CD7, CD8, and cytotoxic markers; and partially positive: CD30, CCR4, and FOXP3). However, limited studies are available on the expression of these markers, and their mutual relationship remains unknown. Furthermore, the expression status of novel markers associated with T-cell lymphomas, including Th1 markers (T-bet and CXCR3), Th2 markers (GATA3 and CCR4), T follicular helper markers (BCL6, PD1, and ICOS), and T-cell receptor (TCR) markers, and their clinicopathologic significance is unclear. In this study, we performed >20 immunohistochemical stains in 117 ATLL cases to determine the comprehensive immunophenotypic profile of ATLL, which were compared on the basis of clinicopathologic factors, including morphologic variants (pleomorphic vs anaplastic), biopsy locations, treatments, Shimoyama classification-based clinical subtype, and overall survival. CD3+/CD4+/CD25+/CCR4+ was considered a typical immunophenotype of ATLL, but approximately 20% of cases did not conform to this pattern. Simultaneously, the following new findings were obtained: (1) most cases were negative for TCR-β and TCR-δ (104 cases, 88.9%), indicating the usefulness of negative conversion of TCR expression to provide differentiation from other T-cell tumors; (2) the positivity of CD30 and CD15 and the negativity of FOXP3 and CD3 were significantly associated with anaplastic morphology; and (3) atypical cases, such as T follicular helper marker-positive (12 cases, 10.3%) and cytotoxic molecule-positive cases (3 cases, 2.6%), were identified. No single markers could predict the overall survival among patients with acute/lymphoma subtypes of ATLL. The results of this study illustrate the diversity of ATLL phenotypes. In T-cell tumors occurring in HTLV-1 carriers, the possibility of ATLL should not be eliminated even when the tumor exhibits an atypical phenotype, and the confirmation of HTLV-1 in the tissue is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tamaki
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Kennosuke Karube
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan; Laboratory of Hemato-Immunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan.
| | - Shugo Sakihama
- Laboratory of Hemato-Immunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Yuma Tsuruta
- Department of Pathology, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ryoko Awazawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Hayashi
- Department of Hematology, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Nobutake Yagi
- Department of Dermatology, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazuiku Ohshiro
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Iwao Nakazato
- Department of Pathology, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sakiko Kitamura
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyagi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sawako Nakachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Morishima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kenzo Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukushima
- Laboratory of Hemato-Immunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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23
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Rojo-Romanos T, Karpinski J, Millen S, Beschorner N, Simon F, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Lansing F, Schneider PM, Sonntag J, Hauber J, Thoma-Kress AK, Buchholz F. Precise excision of HTLV-1 provirus with a designer-recombinase. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2266-2285. [PMID: 36934299 PMCID: PMC10362392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that persists as a provirus in the genome of infected cells and can lead to adult T cell leukemia (ATL). Worldwide, more than 10 million people are infected and approximately 5% of these individuals will develop ATL, a highly aggressive cancer that is currently incurable. In the last years, genome editing tools have emerged as promising antiviral agents. In this proof-of-concept study, we use substrate-linked directed evolution (SLiDE) to engineer Cre-derived site-specific recombinases to excise the HTLV-1 proviral genome from infected cells. We identified a conserved loxP-like sequence (loxHTLV) present in the long terminal repeats of the majority of virus isolates. After 181 cycles of SLiDE, we isolated a designer-recombinase (designated RecHTLV), which efficiently recombines the loxHTLV sequence in bacteria and human cells with high specificity. Expression of RecHTLV in human Jurkat T cells resulted in antiviral activity when challenged with an HTLV-1 infection. Moreover, expression of RecHTLV in chronically infected SP cells led to the excision of HTLV-1 proviral DNA. Our data suggest that recombinase-mediated excision of the HTLV-1 provirus represents a promising approach to reduce proviral load in HTLV-1-infected individuals, potentially preventing the development of HTLV-1-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rojo-Romanos
- Medical Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Janet Karpinski
- Medical Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Millen
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niklas Beschorner
- PROVIREX Genome Editing Therapies GmbH, Luruper Hauptstrasse 1, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Simon
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maciej Paszkowski-Rogacz
- Medical Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Lansing
- Medical Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Martin Schneider
- Medical Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Sonntag
- Medical Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Joachim Hauber
- PROVIREX Genome Editing Therapies GmbH, Luruper Hauptstrasse 1, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea K Thoma-Kress
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Buchholz
- Medical Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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24
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Pereira-Santos TA, da Rocha AS, Lopes-Ribeiro Á, Corrêa-Dias LC, Melo-Oliveira P, Reis EVDS, da Fonseca FG, Barbosa-Stancioli EF, Tsuji M, Coelho-dos-Reis JGA. Diversity of HLA-A2-Restricted and Immunodominant Epitope Repertoire of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax Protein: Novel Insights among N-Terminal, Central and C-Terminal Regions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030545. [PMID: 36979478 PMCID: PMC10046496 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to search for the immunodominance related to the N-terminal, Central and C-terminal regions of HTLV-1 Tax using novel, cutting-edge peptide microarray analysis. In addition, in silico predictions were performed to verify the presence of nine amino acid peptides present along Tax restricted to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2.02*01 haplotype, as well as to verify the ability to induce pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-4, respectively. Our results indicated abundant dose-dependent reactivity for HLA-A*02:01 in all regions (N-terminal, Central and C-terminal), but with specific hotspots. Furthermore, the results of fold-change over the Tax11–19 reactivity obtained at lower concentrations of HLA-A*02:01 reveal that peptides from the three regions contain sequences that react 100 times more than Tax11–19. On the other hand, Tax11–19 has similar or superior HLA-A*02:01 reactivity at higher concentrations of this haplotype. The in silico analysis showed a higher frequency of IFN-γ-inducing peptides in the N-terminal portion, while the C-terminal portion showed a higher frequency of IL-4 inducers. Taken together, these results shed light on the search for new Tax immunodominant epitopes, in addition to the canonic Tax11–19, for the rational design of immunomodulatory strategies for HTLV-1 chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiza Aline Pereira-Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Anderson Santos da Rocha
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Ágata Lopes-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Laura Cardoso Corrêa-Dias
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Melo-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Erik Vinicius de Sousa Reis
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas (CT-Vacinas), Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte 31310-260, MG, Brazil
| | - Edel Figueiredo Barbosa-Stancioli
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-dos-Reis
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada (LVBA), Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence: or
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Valcarcel B, Enriquez-Vera D, De-la-Cruz-Ku G, Chambergo-Michilot D, Calderón-Huaycochea H, Malpica L. Epidemiological Features and Outcomes of HTLV-1 Carriers Diagnosed With Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study in an Endemic Country. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2200369. [PMID: 36921240 PMCID: PMC10497290 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an endemic virus in Latin America that is directly linked to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Previous studies have suggested an oncogenic role of HTLV-1 in non-ATL neoplasms and have found higher mortality in HTLV-1 carriers without ATL. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, HTLV-1 carriers were identified through screening at a tertiary cancer center between 2006 and 2019. We compared the overall survival (OS) outcomes of patients with ATL with those with other solid or hematologic malignancies by sex stratification. RESULTS We identified 1,934 HTLV-1 carriers diagnosed with cancer. The median age at diagnosis was 62 (range 20-114) years, 76% were female, 60% had no or elementary school education, and 50% were born in the Andean highlands. The most common non-ATL neoplasm was cervical cancer (50%) among females and non-ATL non-Hodgkin lymphoma (26%) among males. With a median follow-up of 66 months, the 5-year OS of HTLV-1 carriers with non-ATL neoplasms (26%-47% for females and 22%-34% for males) was inferior to those reported in the general population. As expected, patients with ATL had a worse prognosis (5-year OS: 10% for females and 8% for males). CONCLUSION HTLV-1 carriers with cancer were middle age and from underprivileged settings, suggesting an undetected transmission among vulnerable populations, especially females. Survival estimates of HTLV-1 carriers with non-ATL neoplasms were lower than the regional outcomes. Future research should ascertain how the biology of HTLV-1 and health care disparities affect the outcomes of HTLV-1 carriers, as well as determine the burden of HTLV-1 infection in the cancer population to recommend screening in the outpatient setting of endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Valcarcel
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Daniel Enriquez-Vera
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Perú
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chorrillos, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | | | - Luis Malpica
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Javorsky A, Maddumage JC, Mackie ERR, Soares da Costa TP, Humbert PO, Kvansakul M. Structural insight into the Scribble PDZ domains interaction with the oncogenic Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 (HTLV-1) Tax1 PBM. FEBS J 2023; 290:974-987. [PMID: 36029163 PMCID: PMC10952772 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Scribble (Scrib) is a highly conserved cell polarity regulator that harbours potent tumour suppressor activity and plays an important role in cell migration. Dysregulation of polarity is associated with poor prognosis during viral infections. Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1 (HTLV-1) encodes for the oncogenic Tax1 protein, a modulator of the transcription of viral and human proteins that can cause cell cycle dysregulation as well as a loss of genomic integrity. Previous studies established that Scribble interacts with Tax1 via its C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (PBM), leading to aggregation of polarity regulators and subsequent perturbation of host cell adhesion, proliferation, and signalling. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we now show that all four PDZ domains of Scribble bind to Tax1 PBM. We then determined crystal structures of Scribble PDZ1, PDZ2 and PDZ3 domains bound to Tax1 PBM. Our findings establish a structural basis for Tax1-mediated subversion of Scribble-mediated cell polarity signalling and provide the platform for mechanistic studies to examine Tax1 induced mislocalization of Scribble and the associated changes in cellular architecture and subsequent tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airah Javorsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Janesha C. Maddumage
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Emily R. R. Mackie
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Tatiana P. Soares da Costa
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Patrick O. Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- Research Centre for Molecular Cancer PreventionLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- Department of Biochemistry & PharmacologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Department of Clinical PathologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- Research Centre for Molecular Cancer PreventionLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
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Ahmadi Ghezeldasht S, Momen Heravi M, Valizadeh N, Rafatpanah H, Shamsian SA, Mosavat A, Rezaee SA. Development of a Novel HTLV-1 Protease: Human Fcγ1 Recombinant Fusion Molecule in the CHO Eukaryotic Expression System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:1862-1876. [PMID: 36399306 PMCID: PMC9673214 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of two life-threatening diseases, adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic (HAM/TSP). HTLV-1 protease (HTLV-1-PR) is an aspartic protease that represents a promising target for therapeutic purposes like human immunodeficiency virus-PR inhibitors (HIV-PR). Therefore, in this study, the human Fc fusion recombinant-PR (HTLV-1-PR:hFcγ1) was designed and expressed for two applications, finding a blocking substrate as a potential therapeutic or a potential subunit peptide vaccine. The PCR amplified DNA sequences encoding the HTLV-1-PR from the MT2-cell line using specific primers with restriction enzyme sites of Not1 and Xba1. The construct was then cloned to pTZ57R/T TA plasmid and, after confirming the PR sequence, subcloned into the pDR2ΔEF1α Fc-expression vector to create pDR2ΔEF1α.HTLV-1-PR:hFcγ1. The integrity of recombinant DNA was confirmed by sequencing to ensure that the engineered construct was in the frame. The recombinant fusion protein was then produced in the Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) system and was purified from its supernatant using HiTrap-rPA column affinity chromatography. Then, the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) co-localisation method showed that HTLV-1-PR:hFc recombinant fusion protein has appropriate folding as it binds to the anti-Fcγ antibody; the Fcγ1 tag participates to have HTLV-1-PR:hFcγ1 as a dimeric secretory protein. The development and production of HTLV-1-PR can be used to find a blocking substrate as a potential therapeutic molecule and apply it in an animal model to assess its immunogenicity and potential protection against HTLV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Medical Campus, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 9177948564 Iran
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Azadi Square, Ferdowsi University Campus, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, 9177949367 Iran
| | - Mastoureh Momen Heravi
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Medical Campus, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 9177948564 Iran
| | - Narges Valizadeh
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Medical Campus, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 9177948564 Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Medical Campus, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 9177948564 Iran
| | - Seyed Aliakbar Shamsian
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Azadi Square, Ferdowsi University Campus, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, 9177949367 Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Azadi Square, Ferdowsi University Campus, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, 9177949367 Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Medical Campus, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 9177948564 Iran
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Ashrafi F, Rahimzada M, Parandi M, Mirhosseini A, Mashkani B, Ahmadi Ghezeldasht S, Soltani A, Rafatpanah H, Mosavat A, Abdolrahim Rezaee S. Molecular insight into the study of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL): Ten-year studies on HTLV-1 associated diseases in an endemic region. Gene 2022; 847:146885. [PMID: 36108787 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The outcome of successful infection, including human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is determined by the interactions between the host and the infectious agent. Ten years of work on HTLV-1-associated diseases in an endemic region of Iran have been critically compared in the present study. The outstanding findings of RNA-seq, system biology analysis, and gene expression measurements on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and enzootic bovine leukosis(EBL) in our lab encouraged us to investigate the significant role of oncogenes in the ATLL malignancy. Most studies assessed such interactions by the proviral load (PVL), Tax, and HBZ regulatory proteins in HTLV-1 and the host's immunological and cell cycle factors. The current study is a comprehensive comparing view of our previously published and unpublished results investigating the HTLV-1-host interactions leading to the transformation of the infected cell. The main focus has been on the essential proteins implicated in the virus dissemination, cell survival, and proliferation of infected cells toward leukemia development and progression. Similar to its homolog BLV-AS-1-2 in EBL, the HTLV-1-HBZ is a pivotal factor in the maintenance and progression of the ATLL. In addition, the inappropriate activities of the PI3K/Akt pathway, BRCAs, and RAD51 in the DNA repair system, which are orchestrating many other immortalization pathways, might be the central factors in the manifestation of ATLL. HTLV-1-HBZ and the host PI3K/Akt pathway, BCAs, and RAD51 could be suggested as influential targets for the prognosis and proper therapy of ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ashrafi
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masooma Rahimzada
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Parandi
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Mirhosseini
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and, Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ararsh Soltani
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; HTLV-1 Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and, Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; HTLV-1 Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Abreu IN, Lima CNC, Sacuena ERP, Lopes FT, da Silva Torres MK, dos Santos BC, de Oliveira Freitas V, de Figueiredo LGCP, Pereira KAS, de Lima ACR, Brito WRDS, Botelho BJS, Gonçalves JSS, Lima SS, Vallinoto IMVC, Guerreiro JF, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR. HTLV-1/2 in Indigenous Peoples of the Brazilian Amazon: Seroprevalence, Molecular Characterization and Sociobehavioral Factors Related to Risk of Infection. Viruses 2022; 15:22. [PMID: 36680063 PMCID: PMC9861695 DOI: 10.3390/v15010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HTLV-1/2 infection is endemic in Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Its origin is attributed to the migratory flow of Amerindian ancestral peoples. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection in Indigenous peoples of the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 3350 Indigenous people belonging to 15 communities were investigated. The investigation was performed using serological (ELISA), molecular (qPCR) and confirmatory (Western blot and/or Inno-Lia) tests to detect and differentiate the infection. The seroprevalence was 8.3% for HTLV-1/2 infection, with 0.1% of individuals seropositive for HTLV-1 and 8.1% for HTLV-2. The prevalence of infection was statistically higher in women (10.1%) than in men (6.5%) (p = 0.0002). This female predominance was observed in all age groups; in females the prevalence was significant from 41 years old (p < 0.0001) and in males from 51 years old (p < 0.0001). Here, we present a prevalence of HTLV-1/2 among Indigenous peoples of the Brazilian Amazon. The endemic infection in these groups must reflect the different epidemiological profiles observed in these peoples, such as sexual transmission through rejection of condom use, breastfeeding, especially in cases of cross-breastfeeding, and the high rate of pregnancy in the villages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Nogueira Abreu
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Teixeira Lopes
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Keise Adrielle Santos Pereira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Aline Cecy Rocha de Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Wandrey Roberto dos Santos Brito
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Janete Silvana Souza Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Sandra Souza Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - João Farias Guerreiro
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ishak
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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Ramanayake S, Moulding DA, Tanaka Y, Singh A, Bangham CRM. Dynamics and consequences of the HTLV-1 proviral plus-strand burst. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010774. [PMID: 36441826 PMCID: PMC9731428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the transcriptional transactivator protein Tax, encoded on the proviral plus-strand of human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is crucial for the replication of the virus, but Tax-expressing cells are rarely detected in fresh blood ex vivo. The dynamics and consequences of the proviral plus-strand transcriptional burst remain insufficiently characterised. We combined time-lapse live-cell imaging, single-cell tracking and mathematical modelling to study the dynamics of Tax expression at single-cell resolution in two naturally-infected, non-malignant T-cell clones transduced with a short-lived enhanced green fluorescent protein (d2EGFP) Tax reporter system. Five different patterns of Tax expression were observed during the 30-hour observation period; the distribution of these patterns differed between the two clones. The mean duration of Tax expression in the two clones was 94 and 417 hours respectively, estimated from mathematical modelling of the experimental data. Tax expression was associated with a transient slowing in cell-cycle progression and proliferation, increased apoptosis, and enhanced activation of the DNA damage response pathways. Longer-term follow-up (14 days) revealed an increase in the proportion of proliferating cells and a decrease in the fraction of apoptotic cells as the cells ceased Tax expression, resulting in a greater net expansion of the initially Tax-positive population. Time-lapse live-cell imaging showed enhanced cell-to-cell adhesion among Tax-expressing cells, and decreased cell motility of Tax-expressing cells at the single-cell level. The results demonstrate the within-clone and between-clone heterogeneity in the dynamics and patterns of HTLV-1 plus-strand transcriptional bursts and the balance of positive and negative consequences of the burst for the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Ramanayake
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dale A. Moulding
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuetsu Tanaka
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Okinawa-Asia Research Center of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Abhyudai Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Charles R. M. Bangham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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de Lima ACR, Lopes FT, de Oliveira Freitas V, Assad MN, de Sousa RS, Gonçalves JSS, Gomes JLC, dos Santos BC, Lima CNC, Abreu IN, dos Santos Brito WR, Pereira KAS, da Silva Torres MK, Lima SS, Aben-Athar CYU, Guerreiro JF, Cayres Vallinoto IMV, Vallinoto ACR, Feitosa RNM. Prevalence and Risk Factors for HTLV-1/2 Infection inRiverside and Rural Populations of the State of Pará. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102262. [PMID: 36298817 PMCID: PMC9610156 DOI: 10.3390/v14102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic viruses 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) infection has been described in several Amazonian populations; however, there is still a lack of data on the prevalence of the virus in riparian populations living in rural areas of the state of Pará. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection in four riverine communities and one rural area in the state of Pará and to describe the possible risk factors for infection. A total of 907 individuals responded to an epidemiological survey and gave blood samples collected for anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies by immunoenzymatic assay (EIA). The serum-reactive samples were subjected to confirmation by an in-line assay (Inno-Lia) and by proviral DNA screening using real-time PCR (qPCR). The total prevalence was 0.8% (7/907) for HTLV-1/2 (CI: 0.2−1.3%), with 0.66% HTLV-1 and 0.11% HTLV-2. The prevalence by sex was 0.7% in women (4/565) and 0.9% in men (3/342). Among seropositive patients, 83.3% (5/7) reported being sexually active, and 57.1% (4/7) reported not having the habit of using condoms during their sexual relations. Intrafamily infection was also observed. The results reinforce the need for public policies to prevent and block the spread of HTLV, especially in riparian communities that are subject to difficulties in accessing the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde/SUS) because infected individuals need clinical monitoring for surveillance and early diagnosis of symptoms associated with HTLV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cecy Rocha de Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Felipe Teixeira Lopes
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Janete Silvana Souza Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Isabella Nogueira Abreu
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Wandrey Roberto dos Santos Brito
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Keise Adrielle Santos Pereira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Sandra Souza Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | | | - João Farias Guerreiro
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Izaura M. V. Cayres Vallinoto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Rosimar Neris Martins Feitosa
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-919-9117-9811
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Mozhgani SH, Zarei Ghobadi M, Norouzi M, Rahimi H, Valizadeh N, Teymoori-Rad M, Tarokhian H, Ostadali M, Farajifard H, Rezaee SA. Signaling factors potentially associated to the pathogenesis of Adult T-cell leukemia /lymphoma: A network-analysis and novel findings assessment. Virus Res 2022; 319:198875. [PMID: 35868352 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) type 1-associated disease of TCD4+ cell transformation. Despite extensive studies on ATLL development and progression, the fundamental processes of HTLV-1 oncogenicity are yet to be understood. This study aimed to integrate high-throughput microarray datasets to find novel genes involved in the mechanism of ATLL progression. For this purpose, five microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and then profoundly analyzed. Differentially expressed genes and miRNAs were determined using the MetaDE package in the R software and the GEO2R web tool. The STRING database was utilized to construct the protein-protein interaction network and explore hub genes. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis were carried out by employing the EnrichR web tool. Furthermore, flow cytometry was employed to assess the CD4/CD8 ratio, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to confirm the high-throughput data analysis results. Four miRNAs, including hsa-mir-146, hsa-mir-451, hsa-mir-31, and hsa-mir-125, were among the statistically significant differentially expressed miRNAs between healthy individuals and ATLL patients. Moreover, 924 differentially expressed genes were identified between normal and ATLL samples. Further network analysis highlighted 59 hub genes mainly regulating pathways implicated in viral interferences, immunological processes, cancer, and apoptosis pathways. Among the identified hub genes, RhoA and PRKACB were most considerable in the high-throughput analysis and were further validated by qRT-PCR. The RhoA and PRKACB expression were significantly down-regulated in ATLL patients compared to asymptomatic carriers (p<0.0001 and p=0.004) and healthy subjects (p=0.043 and p=0.002). Therefore, these corresponding miRNAs and proteins could be targeted for diagnosis purposes and designing effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Zarei Ghobadi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Rahimi
- Hematology and Oncology Ward, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Valizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Teymoori-Rad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Tarokhian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Ostadali
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Farajifard
- Pediatric cell and gene therapy research center, Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Piron M, Salvador F, Caballero E, Sánchez-Montalvá A, Bes M, Casamitjana N, Puig L, Molina I, Sauleda S. HTLV-1/2 Infection in Blood Donors from a Non-Endemic Area (Catalonia, Spain) between 2008 and 2017: A 10-Year Experience. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091975. [PMID: 36146780 PMCID: PMC9504911 DOI: 10.3390/v14091975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) screening is not mandatory in Spanish blood banks. In Catalonia, selective screening was introduced in 2008, followed by universal screening in 2011. We present herein a 10-year experience of HTLV testing in blood donors. HTLV-1/2 selective screening was performed using Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics HTLV-I/HTLV-II Ab-Capture ELISA between February 2008 and May 2009, then Abbott Prism HTLV-I/ HTLV-II assay until December 2010. Abbott Architect rHTLV-I/II assay was then used for HTLV-1/2 universal screening in pooled samples. INNO-LIA HTLV I/II Score (Fujirebio) and in-house HTLV-1/2 proviral DNA real-time PCR were used in reactive samples. Follow-up was offered to confirm HTLV-1/2 donors in Vall d’Hebron Hospital. Between 2008 and 2017, 51 blood donors were confirmed HTLV positive (46 HTLV-1, 4 HTLV-2 and 1 HTLV) out of 2,114,891 blood donations (1 in 41,468). Sixty-nine percent were female, median age was 40 years and most were born in Latin America (69%), followed by Europe (25%), Africa (4%) and Asia (2%). Screening of relatives and partners identified 12 additional HTLV-1 cases. Lookback studies did not show any HTLV-1/2 transmission. HTLV infections found in blood donors mirror epidemiological changes in the population of Spain. Consequently, HTLV should be considered a potential risk for recipients and calls for the design of optimal strategies to ensure transfusion safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Piron
- Banc de Sang i Teixits de Catalunya (Blood and Tissue Bank of Catalonia, BST), Transfusion Safety Laboratory, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREhd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-557-35-00 (ext. 6631)
| | - Fernando Salvador
- International Health Unit Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estrella Caballero
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá
- International Health Unit Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bes
- Banc de Sang i Teixits de Catalunya (Blood and Tissue Bank of Catalonia, BST), Transfusion Safety Laboratory, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREhd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Casamitjana
- Banc de Sang i Teixits de Catalunya (Blood and Tissue Bank of Catalonia, BST), Transfusion Safety Laboratory, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Puig
- Banc de Sang i Teixits de Catalunya (Blood and Tissue Bank of Catalonia, BST), Transfusion Safety Laboratory, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREhd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Molina
- International Health Unit Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Sauleda
- Banc de Sang i Teixits de Catalunya (Blood and Tissue Bank of Catalonia, BST), Transfusion Safety Laboratory, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREhd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Saffari M, Rahimzada M, Mirhosseini A, Ghezaldasht SA, Valizadeh N, Moshfegh M, Moradi MT, Rezaee SA. Coevolution of HTLV-1-HBZ, Tax, and proviral load with host IRF-1 and CCNA-2 in HAM/TSP patients. Infect Genet Evol 2022; 103:105337. [PMID: 35835355 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP) is a progressive neurodegenerative inflammatory condition of HTLV-1 infection. Viral-host interactions are a significant contributor to the symptoms of HTLV-1-associated diseases. Therefore, in this study, the expression of the main regulatory viral factors and proviral load (PVL) and two host transcription molecules were evaluated in HAM/TSP patients. Materials and methods The study population included 17 HAM/TSP patients, 20 asymptomatic carriers (ACs), and 19 healthy controls (HCs). RNA and DNA were extracted from PBMCs for assessment of the gene expressions and PVL assessment using RT-qPCR and TaqMan method. Results HTLV-1-PVL was higher in HAM/TSPs (395.80 ± 99.69) than ACs (92.92 ± 29.41) (P = 0.001). The Tax expression in HAM/TSPs (7.8 ± 5.7) was strongly higher than ACs (0.06 ± 0.04) (P = 0.02), while HTLV-1-HBZ was only increased around three times in HAM/TSPs (3.17), compared to ACs (1.20) and not significant. The host IRF1 expression in HAM/TSPs (0.4 ± 0.31) was higher than ACs (0.09 ± 0.05) (P = 0.02) and also HCs (0.16 ± 0.07) (P = 0.5), but lower in ACs than HCs (p = 0.01). Although, in HAM/TSPs (0.13 ± 0.09) and ACs (0.03 ± 0.02) CCNA-2 expression was statistically fewer than HCs (0.18 ± 0.06) (P = 0.03, P = 0.001, respectively), in HAM/TSP was higher than ACs (P = 0.1), but did not meet a 95% confidence interval. Conclusion The study showed that HTLV-1-PVL and Tax, along with host IRF-1, could be considered biomarkers in HAM/TSP development. Furthermore, IRF-1, as an essential transcription factor, can be considered a pivotal target in HAM/TSPs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Saffari
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Masooma Rahimzada
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Mirhosseini
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezaldasht
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Valizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Taghi Moradi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Tram J, Mesnard JM, Peloponese JM. Alternative RNA splicing in cancer: what about adult T-cell leukemia? Front Immunol 2022; 13:959382. [PMID: 35979354 PMCID: PMC9376482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells employ a broad range of mechanisms to regulate gene expression. Among others, mRNA alternative splicing is a key process. It consists of introns removal from an immature mRNA (pre-mRNA) via a transesterification reaction to create a mature mRNA molecule. Large-scale genomic studies have shown that in the human genome, almost 95% of protein-encoding genes go through alternative splicing and produce transcripts with different exons combinations (and sometimes retained introns), thus increasing the proteome diversity. Considering the importance of RNA regulation in cellular proliferation, survival, and differentiation, alterations in the alternative splicing pathway have been linked to several human cancers, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). ATL is an aggressive and fatal malignancy caused by the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). HTLV-1 genome encodes for two oncoproteins: Tax and HBZ, both playing significant roles in the transformation of infected cells and ATL onset. Here, we review current knowledge on alternative splicing and its link to cancers and reflect on how dysregulation of this pathway could participate in HTLV-1-induced cellular transformation and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma development.
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Mouinga-Ondémé A, Boundenga L, Koumba Koumba IP, Idam Mamimandjiami A, Diané A, Engone-Ondo JD, Djuicy DD, Sica J, Mombo LE, Gessain A, Aghokeng Fobang A. Human T-Lymphotropic virus type 1 and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in rural Gabon. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271320. [PMID: 35867643 PMCID: PMC9307203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) co-infection occur in many populations. People living with HIV-1 and infected with HTLV-1 seem more likely to progress rapidly towards AIDS. Both HTLV-1 and HIV-1 are endemic in Gabon (Central Africa). We investigated HTLV-1 and HIV-1 co-infection in the Haut-Ogooué province, and assessed factors that may favor the rapid evolution and progression to AIDS in co-infected patients. Methods Plasma samples from HTLV-1 patients were tested using ELISA, and positive samples were then tested by western blot assay (WB). We used the polymerase chain reaction to detect HTLV-1 Tax/Rex genes using DNA extracted from the buffy coat of ELISA-positives samples. Results We recruited 299 individuals (mean age 46 years) including 90 (30%) men and 209 (70%) women, all of whom are under treatment at the Ambulatory Treatment Centre of the province. Of these, 45 were ELISA HTLV-1/2 seropositive. According to WB criteria, 21 of 45 were confirmed positive: 20 were HTLV-1 (44%), 1 was HTLV-1/2 (2%), 2 were indeterminate (4%) and 22 were seronegative (49%). PCR results showed that 23 individuals were positive for the Tax/Rex region. Considering both serological and molecular assays, the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection was estimated at 7.7%. Being a woman and increasing age were found to be independent risk factors for co-infection. Mean CD4+ cell counts were higher in HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infected (578.1 (± 340.8) cells/mm3) than in HIV-1 mono-infected (481.0 (± 299.0) cells/mm3) Individuals. Similarly, the mean HIV-1 viral load was Log 3.0 (± 1.6) copies/ml in mono-infected and Log 2.3 (± 0.7) copies/ml in coinfected individuals. Conclusion We described an overall high prevalence of HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infection in Gabon. Our findings stress the need of strategies to prevent and manage these co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Mouinga-Ondémé
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- * E-mail:
| | - Larson Boundenga
- Groupe Evolution et Transmission Inter-espèces des Pathogènes (GETIP), Département de Parasitologie, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid Précilya Koumba Koumba
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Antony Idam Mamimandjiami
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Abdoulaye Diané
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jéordy Dimitri Engone-Ondo
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Delia Doreen Djuicy
- Unité des Infections Rétrovirales et Pathologies Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jeanne Sica
- Centre de Traitement Ambulatoire, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Landry Erik Mombo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (LABMC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité d’Epidémiologie et de Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes (EPVO), et CNRS UMR3569, Institut Pasteur de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Avelin Aghokeng Fobang
- Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses Associées, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD – Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Herrmann D, Hanson HM, Zhou LW, Addabbo R, Willkomm NA, Angert I, Mueller JD, Mansky LM, Saad JS. Molecular Determinants of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Gag Targeting to the Plasma Membrane for Assembly. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167609. [PMID: 35490898 PMCID: PMC10557380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) particles is initiated by the trafficking of virally encoded Gag polyproteins to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM). Gag-PM interactions are mediated by the matrix (MA) domain, which contains a myristoyl group (myr) and a basic patch formed by lysine and arginine residues. For many retroviruses, Gag-PM interactions are mediated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]; however, previous studies suggested that HTLV-1 Gag-PM interactions and therefore virus assembly are less dependent on PI(4,5)P2. We have recently shown that PI(4,5)P2 binds directly to HTLV-1 unmyristoylated MA [myr(-)MA] and that myr(-)MA binding to membranes is significantly enhanced by inclusion of phosphatidylserine (PS) and PI(4,5)P2. Herein, we employed structural, biophysical, biochemical, mutagenesis, and cell-based assays to identify residues involved in MA-membrane interactions. Our data revealed that the lysine-rich motif (Lys47, Lys48, and Lys51) constitutes the primary PI(4,5)P2-binding site. Furthermore, we show that arginine residues 3, 7, 14 and 17 located in the unstructured N-terminus are essential for MA binding to membranes containing PS and/or PI(4,5)P2. Substitution of lysine and arginine residues severely attenuated virus-like particle production, but only the lysine residues could be clearly correlated with reduced PM binding. These results support a mechanism by which HTLV-1 Gag targeting to the PM is mediated by a trio engagement of the myr group, Arg-rich and Lys-rich motifs. These findings advance our understanding of a key step in retroviral particle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Herrmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Heather M Hanson
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Lynne W Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Rayna Addabbo
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Nora A Willkomm
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Isaac Angert
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Joachim D Mueller
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Louis M Mansky
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Jamil S Saad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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Abstract
Exogenous retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) can cause various diseases including immunodeficiency, inflammatory diseases and hematologic malignancies. These retroviruses persistently infect their hosts. Therefore, they need to evade host immune surveillance. One way in which these viruses might avoid immune detection is to utilize functional RNAs, rather than proteins, for certain activities, because RNAs are not recognized by the host immune system. HTLV-1 encodes the HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ) gene in the antisense strand of the provirus. The HBZ protein is constantly expressed in HTLV-1 carriers and patients with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma, and it plays critical roles in pathogenesis. However, HBZ not only encodes this protein, but also functions as mRNA. Thus, HBZ gene mRNA is bifunctional. HIV-1 and BLV also encode long non-coding RNAs as antisense transcripts. In this review, we reshape our current understanding of how these antisense transcripts function and how they influence disease pathogenesis.
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Gallo RC, Tagaya Y. Reflections on Some of the Exceptional Features of HTLV-1 and HTLV-1 Research: A Perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859654. [PMID: 35432297 PMCID: PMC9010860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The report is not a review or a summary. In a manner, it is a perspective but an unusual one. It looks back to the years my colleagues and I (RG) began preparing for human retroviruses (beginning in 1970), how they evolved, and attempts to bring to light or simply to emphasize many exceptional characteristics of a retrovirus known as HTLV-1 and some fortuitous coincidences, with emphasis on the needs of the field. These events cover over one half a century. We have had many reviews on HTLV-1 disease, epidemiology, and basic aspects of its replication, genome, gene functions, structure, and pathogenesis, though continued updates are needed. However, some of its truly exceptional features have not been highlighted, or at least not in a comprehensive manner. This article attempts to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Gallo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert C. Gallo,
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Cell Biology Lab, Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Seki Y, Kitamura T, Tezuka K, Murata M, Akari H, Hamaguchi I, Okuma K. Cytolytic Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Viruses Expressing STLV-1 Receptor Specifically Eliminate STLV-1 Env-Expressing Cells in an HTLV-1 Surrogate Model In Vitro. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040740. [PMID: 35458470 PMCID: PMC9030509 DOI: 10.3390/v14040740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes serious and intractable diseases in some carriers after infection. The elimination of infected cells is considered important to prevent this onset, but there are currently no means by which to accomplish this. We previously developed “virotherapy”, a therapeutic method that targets and kills HTLV-1-infected cells using a cytolytic recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV). Infection with rVSV expressing an HTLV-1 primary receptor elicits therapeutic effects on HTLV-1-infected envelope protein (Env)-expressing cells in vitro and in vivo. Simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) is closely related genetically to HTLV-1, and STLV-1-infected Japanese macaques (JMs) are considered a useful HTLV-1 surrogate, non-human primate model in vivo. Here, we performed an in vitro drug evaluation of rVSVs against STLV-1 as a preclinical study. We generated novel rVSVs encoding the STLV-1 primary receptor, simian glucose transporter 1 (JM GLUT1), with or without an AcGFP reporter gene. Our data demonstrate that these rVSVs specifically and efficiently infected/eliminated the STLV-1 Env-expressing cells in vitro. These results indicate that rVSVs carrying the STLV-1 receptor could be an excellent candidate for unique anti-STLV-1 virotherapy; therefore, such antivirals can now be applied to STLV-1-infected JMs to determine their therapeutic usefulness in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Seki
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (I.H.)
| | - Tomoya Kitamura
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (I.H.)
- Exotic Disease Group, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tokyo 187-0022, Japan
| | - Kenta Tezuka
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (I.H.)
| | - Megumi Murata
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan; (M.M.); (H.A.)
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan; (M.M.); (H.A.)
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (I.H.)
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (I.H.)
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-804-2381
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Abreu IN, Lopes FT, Lima CNC, Barbosa ADN, de Oliveira LR, Fujishima MA, Freitas FB, dos Santos MB, de Lima VN, Cayres-Vallinoto IMV, Castelo-Branco S, da Silva HP, Vallinoto ACR. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Infection Among Warao Indigenous Refugees in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for Public Health in Times of Increasing Migration. Front Public Health 2022; 10:833169. [PMID: 35223744 PMCID: PMC8873572 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.833169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection is endemic in indigenous populations of the Americas. We describe herein the prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection among Warao indigenous refugees from Venezuela living in Belém, Pará, Brazil. METHODS In total, 101 individuals of both sexes (43 men and 58 women) between 18 and 77 years of age were investigated. Blood samples were collected and separated into plasma and leukocytes. Serological screening was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Murex HTLV-I+II, DiaSorin, Dartford, UK), and seropositive samples were submitted to proviral DNA extraction followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A nested PCR of the env region (630 bp) followed by enzymatic digestion with XhoI was performed to identify the molecular subtype of HTLV-2, in addition to sequencing analysis of the 5'LTR-I and 5'-LTR-II regions. RESULTS Of the 101 individuals analyzed, 3 (3.0%) were seropositive. Molecular analysis of the pol and tax genes confirmed the HTLV-1 infection in a 55-year-old woman and HTLV-2 infection in a man (68 years old) and a woman (23 years old). HTLV-2 strains were defined by enzymatic digestion as belonging to the HTLV-2b subtype. The sequencing of the 5'LTR regions confirmed the presence of subtype 2b and identified HTLV-1 as belonging to subtype 1A (Cosmopolitan) and the Transcontinental subgroup. Among the infected patients, it was possible to conduct medical interviews with two individuals after delivery of the result. One patient with HTLV-2 reported symptoms such as joint pain, foot swelling, frequent headache, dizziness and lower back pain. The HTLV-1-positive woman was diagnosed with a tumor, dementia, urinary incontinence, felt body pain, and had spots on her body. The presence of the HTLV-2b subtype highlights the prevalence of this molecular variant among indigenous South Americans, as well as the presence of HTLV-1 Transcontinental, which has a worldwide distribution. CONCLUSION These results reveal a high prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among Warao immigrants, suggesting migratory flow as a virus spread mechanism among human populations and alert public authorities to the need to create epidemiological surveillance programs, public social and health policies aimed at welcoming immigrants in the Brazilian territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Nogueira Abreu
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Felipe Teixeira Lopes
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mayumi Aragão Fujishima
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Mike Barbosa dos Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | - Socorro Castelo-Branco
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Hilton P. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Ambiente e Sociedade na Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Zarei Ghobadi M, Emamzadeh R. Integration of gene co-expression analysis and multi-class SVM specifies the functional players involved in determining the fate of HTLV-1 infection toward the development of cancer (ATLL) or neurological disorder (HAM/TSP). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262739. [PMID: 35041720 PMCID: PMC8765610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is an oncovirus that may cause two main life-threatening diseases including a cancer type named Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and a neurological and immune disturbance known as HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). However, a large number of the infected subjects remain as asymptomatic carriers (ACs). There is no comprehensive study that determines which dysregulated genes differentiate the pathogenesis routes toward ATLL or HAM/TSP. Therefore, two main algorithms including weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) and multi-class support vector machines (SVM) were utilized to find major gene players in each condition. WGCNA was used to find the highly co-regulated genes and multi-class SVM was employed to identify the most important classifier genes. The identified modules from WGCNA were validated in the external datasets. Furthermore, to find specific modules for ATLL and HAM/TSP, the non-preserved modules in another condition were found. In the next step, a model was constructed by multi-class SVM. The results revealed 467, 3249, and 716 classifiers for ACs, ATLL, and HAM/TSP, respectively. Eventually, the common genes between the WGCNA results and classifier genes resulted from multi-class SVM that also determined as differentially expressed genes, were identified. Through these step-wise analyses, PAIP1, BCAS2, COPS2, CTNNB1, FASLG, GTPBP1, HNRNPA1, RBBP6, TOP1, SLC9A1, JMY, PABPC3, and PBX1 were found as the possible critical genes involved in the progression of ATLL. Moreover, FBXO9, ZNF526, ERCC8, WDR5, and XRCC3 were identified as the conceivable major involved genes in the development of HAM/TSP. These genes can be proposed as specific biomarker candidates and therapeutic targets for each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Zarei Ghobadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rahman Emamzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- * E-mail: ,
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Maksimova V, Panfil AR. Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Envelope Protein: Post-Entry Roles in Viral Pathogenesis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010138. [PMID: 35062342 PMCID: PMC8778545 DOI: 10.3390/v14010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus that is the causative infectious agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), an aggressive and fatal CD4+ T-cell malignancy, and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a chronic neurological disease. Disease progression in infected individuals is the result of HTLV-1-driven clonal expansion of CD4+ T-cells and is generally associated with the activities of the viral oncoproteins Tax and Hbz. A closely related virus, HTLV-2, exhibits similar genomic features and the capacity to transform T-cells, but is non-pathogenic. In vitro, HTLV-1 primarily immortalizes or transforms CD4+ T-cells, while HTLV-2 displays a transformation tropism for CD8+ T-cells. This distinct tropism is recapitulated in infected people. Through comparative studies, the genetic determinant for this divergent tropism of HTLV-1/2 has been mapped to the viral envelope (Env). In this review, we explore the emerging roles for Env beyond initial viral entry and examine current perspectives on its contributions to HTLV-1-mediated disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Maksimova
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Amanda R. Panfil
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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Nakamura H, Tsukamoto M, Nagasawa Y, Kitamura N, Shimizu T, Kawakami A, Nagata K, Takei M. Does HTLV-1 Infection Show Phenotypes Found in Sjögren's Syndrome? Viruses 2022; 14:v14010100. [PMID: 35062304 PMCID: PMC8780498 DOI: 10.3390/v14010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are a possible cause for Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) as an environmental factor related to SS onset, which exhibits exocrine gland dysfunction and the emergence of autoantibodies. Although retroviruses may exhibit lymphocytic infiltration into exocrine glands, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been postulated to be a causative agent for SS. Transgenic mice with HTLV-1 genes showed sialadenitis resembling SS, but their phenotypic symptoms differed based on the adopted region of HTLV-1 genes. The dominance of tax gene differed in labial salivary glands (LSGs) of SS patients with HTLV 1-associated myelopathy (HAM) and adult T-cell leukemia. Although HTLV-1 was transmitted to salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) by a biofilm-like structure, no viral synapse formation was observed. After infection to SGECs derived from SS patients, adhesion molecules and migration factors were time-dependently released from infected SGECs. The frequency of the appearance of autoantibodies including anti-Ro/SS-A, La/SS-B antibodies in SS patients complicated with HAM is unknown; the observation of less frequent ectopic germinal center formation in HTLV-1-seropositive SS patients was a breakthrough. In addition, HTLV-1 infected cells inhibited B-lymphocyte activating factor or C-X-C motif chemokine 13 through direct contact with established follicular dendritic cell-like cells. These findings show that HTLV-1 is directly involved in the pathogenesis of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Nakamura
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.N.); (N.K.); (K.N.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3972-8111 (ext. 2400); Fax: +81-3-3972-2893
| | - Masako Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.N.); (N.K.); (K.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Yosuke Nagasawa
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.N.); (N.K.); (K.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Noboru Kitamura
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.N.); (N.K.); (K.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Toshimasa Shimizu
- Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Kinya Nagata
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.N.); (N.K.); (K.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Masami Takei
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.N.); (N.K.); (K.N.); (M.T.)
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Maksimova V, Smith S, Seth J, Phelps C, Niewiesk S, Satou Y, Green P, Panfil AR. HTLV-1 intragenic viral enhancer influences immortalization phenotype in vitro, but is dispensable for persistence and disease development in animal models. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954077. [PMID: 35958554 PMCID: PMC9359075 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative infectious agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and chronic neurological disease. The disparity between silenced sense transcription versus constitutively active antisense (Hbz) transcription from the integrated provirus is not fully understood. The presence of an internal viral enhancer has recently been discovered in the Tax gene near the 3' long terminal repeat (LTR) of HTLV-1. In vitro, this enhancer has been shown to bind SRF and ELK-1 host transcription factors, maintain chromatin openness and viral gene transcription, and induce aberrant host gene transcription near viral integration sites. However, the function of the viral enhancer in the context of early HTLV-1 infection events remains unknown. In this study, we generated a mutant Enhancer virus (mEnhancer) and evaluated its effects on HTLV-1-mediated in vitro immortalization, establishment of persistent infection with an in vivo rabbit model, and disease development in a humanized immune system (HIS) mouse model. The mEnhancer virus was able to establish persistent infection in rabbits, and there were no significant differences in proviral load or HTLV-1-specific antibody responses over a 25-week study. However, rabbits infected with the mEnhancer virus had significantly decreased sense and antisense viral gene expression at 12-weeks post-infection. HIS mice infected with wt or mEnhancer virus showed similar disease progression, proviral load, and viral gene expression. While mEnhancer virus was able to sufficiently immortalize primary T-lymphocytes in cell culture, the immortalized cells had an altered phenotype (CD8+ T-cells), decreased proviral load, decreased sense and anti-sense gene expression, and altered cell cycle progression compared to HTLV-1.wt immortalized cells (CD4+ T-cells). These results suggest that the HTLV-1 enhancer element alone does not determine persistence or disease development but plays a pivotal role in regulating viral gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Maksimova
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Susan Smith
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jaideep Seth
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cameron Phelps
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Stefan Niewiesk
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yorifumi Satou
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Patrick L. Green
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amanda R. Panfil
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Amanda R. Panfil,
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Nakamura T, Yasunaga JI, Yokoo K, Takatori M, Kawakami F, Higuchi Y, Tatetsu H, Nosaka K, Karube K, Mikami Y, Matsuoka M. [Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma diagnosed by RNA in situ hybridization for HTLV-1 bZIP factor]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2022; 63:89-93. [PMID: 35264507 DOI: 10.11406/rinketsu.63.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A 62-year-old man visited the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at our hospital with a chief complaint of a pharyngeal mass. He was admitted to our department with a diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma based on a biopsy of a mesopharyngeal tumor. Although clonality analysis was not performed due to the lack of an appropriate sample, we considered the possibility of lymphoma-type (Lugano classification stage II) adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), as the anti-HTLV-1 antibody was positive. During the course of the disease, the peripheral blood smear revealed atypical lymphocytes with cleaved nuclei, and inverse PCR was performed with DNA extracted from those cells; however, the result showed that the pattern of HTLV-1 proviral DNA integration sites was polyclonal. Further, we performed RNA in situ hybridization targeting HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ-ISH) using the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples of the mesopharyngeal tumor, and a high expression of HBZ was found in the tumor cells, leading to the diagnosis of ATL. These findings suggest the effectiveness of the novel diagnostic method using FFPE tissue samples for ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Nakamura
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious diseases, Kumamoto University
| | - Jun-Ichirou Yasunaga
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious diseases, Kumamoto University
| | - Kiho Yokoo
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University Hospital
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takatori
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Fumi Kawakami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University Hospital
| | - Yusuke Higuchi
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious diseases, Kumamoto University
| | - Hiro Tatetsu
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious diseases, Kumamoto University
| | - Kisato Nosaka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious diseases, Kumamoto University
| | - Kennosuke Karube
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Yoshiki Mikami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University Hospital
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious diseases, Kumamoto University
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Einsiedel L, Pham H, Talukder MR, Taylor K, Wilson K, Kaldor J, Gessain A, Woodman R. Very high prevalence of infection with the human T cell leukaemia virus type 1c in remote Australian Aboriginal communities: Results of a large cross-sectional community survey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009915. [PMID: 34879069 PMCID: PMC8654171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with the human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) subtype C is endemic among Aboriginal people in central Australia. To provide insights into the risk factors for transmission, we conducted the first large-scale, community-based prevalence study in seven remote Aboriginal communities. Residents >2 years old were invited to participate in the study between August 2014 and June 2018. HTLV-1 infection was defined as a positive western blot (WB) test or a positive HTLV-1 PCR. 720 community residents participated in the study (children <15 years, 142; adults, 578). Prevalences for children and adults were 3.5% (5/142) and 36.8% (213/578), respectively, reaching 49.3% (106/215) for those older than 45 years. A wide range of proviral loads were measured for both asymptomatic and symptomatic participants with no difference within groups according to age or gender; however, median PVL was 1.34 log10 higher for symptomatic participants. The adult prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in central Australia is the highest reported worldwide. Sexual contact is likely to be the predominant mode of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Einsiedel
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Hai Pham
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | | | - Kerry Taylor
- Poche Centre for Indigenous Health and Wellbeing, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Kim Wilson
- National Serology Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Kaldor
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Zarei Ghobadi M, Mozhgani SH, Erfani Y. Identification of dysregulated pathways underlying HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis through co-expression network analysis. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:820-830. [PMID: 33405203 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human T cell lymphotropic virus-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a pathogen-caused disease which is associated with the progressive neurological disorder. HAM/TSP affects the expression level of several proteins and dysregulates some biological pathways. To identify the interaction patterns among expressed genes in HAM/TSP patients, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied. Three microarray datasets regarding HAM/TSP were merged, and the co-expression network was constructed among genes. A total of 38 modules were identified. Three preserved modules in HAM/TSP in comparison to the healthy subjects which also had the most connected proteins and enriched in the biological pathways were selected. These modules were enriched in pathways related to immune systems, cell cycle, viral infection, and neuronal systems. Moreover, the involvement of novel immunological-related proteins including C1QB, GBP5, PSME1, SERPING1, and UBE2C; neurological-related proteins including TUBA4A, TUBB8, and TP63; and also proteins including TRPC6, PRKG2, OPRD1, PRKACA, and TUBB4A involved in the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, thyroid hormone synthesis, and recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes were found. Therefore, tracing these proteins and the identified modules can shed light on the pathogenesis mechanism of HAM/TSP and help to find potential therapeutic targets. However, further experimental validation should be performed to confirm the proposed functional players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Zarei Ghobadi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Yousef Erfani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kamali P, Zandi M, Ghasemzadeh-Moghaddam H, Fani M. Comparison between various biosensor methods for human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) detection. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1513-1517. [PMID: 34797491 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to the drawback of traditional and current diagnostic methods including serological and molecular assays, the development of the rapid and free-PCR techniques can be an alternative technique for the human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) DNA detection sequences. On the other hand, early detection of HTLV-1 prevents two dangerous diseases including Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. The biosensor-based methods are sensitive techniques that can provide new opportunities to detect infectious diseases, particularly in the early stage. This study provides a comparative view among recently designed biosensors for the detection of HTLV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Kamali
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Zandi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghasemzadeh-Moghaddam
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mona Fani
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
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Rocamonde B, Futsch N, Orii N, Allatif O, Penalva de Oliveira AC, Mahieux R, Casseb J, Dutartre H. Immunoprofiling of fresh HAM/TSP blood samples shows altered innate cell responsiveness. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009940. [PMID: 34767551 PMCID: PMC8631667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human T-cell Leukemia Virus-1 (HTLV-1)-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatment, which affects an increasing number of people in Brazil. Immune cells from the adaptive compartment are involved in disease manifestation but whether innate cell functions participate in disease occurrence has not been evaluated. In this study, we analyzed innate cell responses at steady state and after blood cell stimulation using an agonist of the toll-like receptor (TLR)7/8-signaling pathway in blood samples from HTLV-1-infected volunteers, including asymptomatic carriers and HAM/TSP patients. We observed a lower response of IFNα+ DCs and monocytes in HAM/TSP compared to asymptomatic carriers, as a potential consequence of corticosteroid treatments. In contrast, a higher frequency of monocytes producing MIP-1α and pDC producing IL-12 was detected in HAM/TSP blood samples, together with higher IFNγ responsiveness of NK cells, suggesting an increased sensitivity to inflammatory response in HAM/TSP patients compared to asymptomatic carriers. This sustained inflammatory responsiveness could be linked or be at the origin of the neuroinflammatory status in HAM/TSP patients. Therefore, the mechanism underlying this dysregulations could shed light onto the origins of HAM/TSP disease. The infection by the Human T-cell Leukemia Virus-1 (HTLV-1) is quite frequent in Brazil. Between 1–5% of infected individuals develop a devastating neurodegenerative disease (HAM/TSP) as a result of a sustained inflammation in the central nervous system, with no effective treatment. So far, inflammation has been linked to the deregulated activation of T-cells, but the role of innate cells has not been investigated yet. In this work, we aimed to characterize the responsiveness of innate cells, as this immune population is cornerstone of efficient immune response, but also might participate in disease exacerbation found in chronic infection. Our findings suggest an impaired antiviral response and increased inflammatory responsiveness by dendritic cells and monocytes in HAM/TSP patients compared to asymptomatic carriers. This sustained inflammatory responsiveness upon innate cell activation could participate in the establishment of the HAM/TSP disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Rocamonde
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France, Equipe labelisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect
| | - Nicolas Futsch
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France, Equipe labelisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect
| | - Noemia Orii
- Faculdade de Medicina/Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo/Universidade da São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Omran Allatif
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, service BIBS, INSERM U1111—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France, Equipe labelisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect
| | - Jorge Casseb
- Faculdade de Medicina/Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo/Universidade da São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France, Equipe labelisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect
- * E-mail:
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