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Miyagawa F, Ozato K, Tagaya Y, Asada H. Type I IFN Derived from Ly6C hi Monocytes Suppresses Type 2 Inflammation in a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:520-530.e2. [PMID: 37739337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The roles of innate immune cells, including eosinophils, basophils, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells, in atopic dermatitis (AD) have been well-documented, whereas that of monocytes, another component of the innate immunity, remains rather poorly understood, thus necessitating the topic of this study. In addition, cytokines and cellular pathways needed for the resolution of type 2 inflammation in AD need further investigation. Using a murine AD model, we report here that (i) Ly6Chi monocytes were rapidly recruited to the AD lesion in a CCR2-dependent manner, blockade of which exacerbated AD; (ii) type I IFN production is profoundly involved in this suppression because the blockade of it by genetic depletion or antibody neutralization exacerbated AD; and (iii) Ly6Chi monocytes operate through the production of type I IFN because Ly6Chi monocytes from Irf7-null mice, which lack type I IFN production, failed to rescue Ccr2-/- mice from severe AD upon adoptive transfer. In addition, in vitro studies demonstrated type I IFN suppressed basophil expansion from bone marrow progenitor cells and survival of mature basophils. Collectively, our work suggests that Ly6Chi monocytes are the first and dominant inflammatory cells reaching AD lesions that negatively regulate type 2 inflammation through the production of type I IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan.
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Cell Biology Lab, Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hideo Asada
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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Marichannegowda MH, Zemil M, Wieczorek L, Sanders-Buell E, Bose M, O'Sullivan AM, King D, Francisco L, Diaz-Mendez F, Setua S, Chomont N, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Hsu D, Vasan S, Michael NL, Eller LA, Tovanabutra S, Tagaya Y, Robb ML, Polonis VR, Song H. Tracking coreceptor switch of the transmitted/founder HIV-1 identifies co-evolution of HIV-1 antigenicity, coreceptor usage and CD4 subset targeting: the RV217 acute infection cohort study. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104867. [PMID: 37939456 PMCID: PMC10665704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CCR5 (R5) to CXCR4 (X4) coreceptor switch in natural HIV-1 infection is associated with faster progression to AIDS, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The difficulty in elucidating the evolutionary origin of the earliest X4 viruses limits our understanding of this phenomenon. METHODS We tracked the evolution of the transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 in RV217 participants identified in acute infection. The origin of the X4 viruses was elucidated by single genome amplification, deep sequencing and coreceptor assay. Mutations responsible for coreceptor switch were confirmed by mutagenesis. Viral susceptibility to neutralization was determined by neutralization assay. Virus CD4 subset preference was demonstrated by sequencing HIV-1 RNA in sorted CD4 subsets. FINDINGS We demonstrated that the earliest X4 viruses evolved de novo from the T/F strains. Strong X4 usage can be conferred by a single mutation. The mutations responsible for coreceptor switch can confer escape to neutralization and drive the X4 variants to replicate mainly in the central memory (CM) and naïve CD4 subsets. Likely due to the smaller viral burst size of the CM and naïve subsets, the X4 variants existed at low frequency in plasma. The origin of the X4 viruses preceded accelerated CD4 decline. All except one X4 virus identified in the current study lost the conserved V3 N301 glycan site. INTERPRETATIONS The findings demonstrate co-evolution of HIV-1 antigenicity, coreceptor usage and CD4 subset targeting which have implications for HIV-1 therapeutics and functional cure. The observations provide evidence that coreceptor switch can function as an evolutionary mechanism of immune evasion. FUNDING Institute of Human Virology, National Institutes of Health, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Gilead Sciences, Merck, and ViiV Healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Zemil
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Sanders-Buell
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meera Bose
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne Marie O'Sullivan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David King
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leilani Francisco
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Felisa Diaz-Mendez
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saini Setua
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Denise Hsu
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Leigh Anne Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Victoria R Polonis
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hongshuo Song
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Brammer JE, Ballen K, Sokol L, Querfeld C, Nakamura R, Mishra A, McLaughlin EM, Feith D, Azimi N, Waldmann TA, Tagaya Y, Loughran T. Effective treatment with the selective cytokine inhibitor BNZ-1 reveals the cytokine dependency of T-LGL leukemia. Blood 2023; 142:1271-1280. [PMID: 37352612 PMCID: PMC10613725 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL) is a clonal proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes that can result in severe neutropenia, anemia, and bone marrow failure. Strong evidence from patients and mouse models demonstrate the critical role of interleukin-15 (IL-15) in T-LGLL pathogenesis. BNZ-1 is a pegylated peptide that selectively inhibits the binding of IL-15 and other γc cytokines to their cellular receptor complex, which has demonstrated efficacy in ex vivo T-LGLL cells and transgenic mice in preclinical studies. We conducted a phase 1/2 trial of BNZ-1 in patients with T-LGLL who had hematocytopenias (anemia or neutropenia) and required therapy. Clinical responses were assessed using hematologic parameters (improvement in hematocytopenias) based on response criteria from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 5998 T-LGLL trial. BNZ-1 demonstrated clinical partial responses in 20% of patients with T-LGLL with minimal toxicity and the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Furthermore, T-LGL leukemic cells showed significantly increased apoptosis in response to BNZ-1 treatment as early as day 2, including in clinical nonresponders, with changes that remained statistically different from baseline throughout treatment (P < .005). We report first-in-human proof that T-LGL leukemic cells are dependent on IL-15 and that intervention with IL-15 inhibition with BNZ-1 in patients with T-LGLL shows therapeutic effects, which carries important implications for the understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03239392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Brammer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Karen Ballen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Lubomir Sokol
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa Bay, FL
| | | | | | - Anjali Mishra
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Cancer Biology, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eric M. McLaughlin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - David Feith
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | - Thomas A. Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Institute for Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas Loughran
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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Song H, Marichannegowda M, Setua S, Bose M, Sanders-Buell E, King D, Zemil M, Wieczorek L, Diaz-Mendez F, Chomont N, Thomas R, Francisco L, Eller LA, Polonis V, Tovanabutra S, Tagaya Y, Michael N, Robb M. Transmission of highly virulent CXCR4 tropic HIV-1 through the mucosal route in an individual with a wild-type CCR5 genotype. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3359209. [PMID: 37841838 PMCID: PMC10571614 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3359209/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 are CCR5 (R5)-tropic. While previous evidence suggested that CXCR4 (X4)-tropic HIV-1 are transmissible, detection was not at the earliest stages of acute infection. Here, we identified an X4-tropic T/F HIV-1 in a participant in acute infection cohort. Coreceptor assays demonstrated that this T/F virus is strictly CXCR4 tropic. The participant experienced significantly faster CD4 depletion compared with R5 virus infected participants in the same cohort. Naïve and central memory CD4 subsets declined faster than effector and transitional memory subsets. All CD4 subsets, including naïve, were productively infected. Increased CD4+ T cell activation was observed over time. This X4-tropic T/F virus is resistant to broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting V1/V2 and V3 regions. These findings demonstrate that X4-tropic HIV-1 is transmissible through the mucosal route in people with the wild-type CCR5 genotype and have implications for understanding the transmissibility and immunopathogenesis of X4-tropic HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuo Song
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | | | - Saini Setua
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | | | | | - David King
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine
| | - Michelle Zemil
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
| | | | - Nicolas Chomont
- Université de Montréal, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology
| | - Rasmi Thomas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
| | - Leilani Francisco
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
| | - Leigh Anne Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
| | - Victoria Polonis
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
| | | | - Yutaka Tagaya
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Nelson Michael
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
| | - Merlin Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc
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Marichannegowda MH, Setua S, Bose M, Sanders-Buell E, King D, Zemil M, Wieczorek L, Diaz-Mendez F, Chomont N, Thomas R, Francisco L, Eller LA, Polonis VR, Tovanabutra S, Tagaya Y, Michael NL, Robb ML, Song H. Transmission of highly virulent CXCR4 tropic HIV-1 through the mucosal route in an individual with a wild-type CCR5 genotype. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.15.557832. [PMID: 37745406 PMCID: PMC10515894 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.557832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 are CCR5 (R5)-tropic. While previous evidence suggested that CXCR4 (X4)-tropic HIV-1 are transmissible, detection was not at the earliest stages of acute infection. Here, we identified an X4-tropic T/F HIV-1 in a participant in acute infection cohort. Coreceptor assays demonstrated that this T/F virus is strictly CXCR4 tropic. The participant experienced significantly faster CD4 depletion compared with R5 virus infected participants in the same cohort. Naïve and central memory CD4 subsets declined faster than effector and transitional memory subsets. All CD4 subsets, including naïve, were productively infected. Increased CD4 + T cell activation was observed over time. This X4-tropic T/F virus is resistant to broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting V1/V2 and V3 regions. These findings demonstrate that X4-tropic HIV-1 is transmissible through the mucosal route in people with the wild-type CCR5 genotype and have implications for understanding the transmissibility and immunopathogenesis of X4-tropic HIV-1.
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Sato N, Bamford RN, Bryant BR, Tagaya Y, Waldmann TA. Accessory cells precondition naïve T cells and regulatory T cells for cytokine-mediated proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217562120. [PMID: 37014858 PMCID: PMC10104559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217562120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Naïve T cells and regulatory T cells, when purified, do not proliferate to the γc-cytokines IL-2, IL-7, or IL-15, despite their expression of cognate cytokine receptors. Dendritic cells (DCs) enabled the T cell proliferation to these cytokines, through cell-to-cell contact, but independent of T cell receptor stimulation. This effect lasted after separation of T cells from DCs, enabling enhanced proliferation of the T cells in DC-depleted hosts. We propose calling this a "preconditioning effect". Interestingly, IL-2 alone was sufficient to induce phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT5 in T cells, but could not activate MAPK and AKT pathways and failed to induce transcription of IL-2 target genes. "Preconditioning" was necessary to activate these two pathways and induced weak Ca2+ mobilization independent of calcium release-activated channels. When preconditioning was combined with IL-2, full activation of downstream mTOR, 4E-BP1 hyperphosphorylation, and prolonged S6 phosphorylation occurred. Collectively, accessory cells provide T cell preconditioning, a unique activation mechanism, controlling cytokine-mediated proliferation of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Sato
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Bonita R Bryant
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Marichannegowda MH, Zemil M, Wieczorek L, Sanders-Buell E, Bose M, O'Sullivan AM, King D, Francisco L, Diaz-Mendez F, Setua S, Chomont N, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Hsu D, Vasan S, Michael NL, Eller LA, Tovanabutra S, Tagaya Y, Robb ML, Polonis VR, Song H. Tracking coreceptor switch of the transmitted/founder HIV-1 identifies co-evolution of HIV-1 antigenicity, coreceptor usage and CD4 subset targeting. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.21.525033. [PMID: 36712089 PMCID: PMC9882280 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.21.525033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The CCR5 (R5) to CXCR4 (X4) coreceptor switch in natural HIV-1 infection is associated with faster progression to AIDS, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The difficulty in capturing the earliest moment of coreceptor switch in vivo limits our understanding of this phenomenon. Here, by tracking the evolution of the transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 in a prospective cohort of individuals at risk for HIV-1 infection identified very early in acute infection, we investigated this process with high resolution. The earliest X4 variants evolved from the R5 tropic T/F strains. Strong X4 usage can be conferred by a single mutation. The mutations responsible for coreceptor switch can confer escape to neutralization and drive X4 variants to replicate mainly in the central memory and naïve CD4+ T cells. We propose a novel concept to explain the co-evolution of virus antigenicity and entry tropism termed "escape by shifting". This concept posits that for viruses with receptor or coreceptor flexibility, entry tropism alteration represents a mechanism of immune evasion in vivo .
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Setua S, Thangaraju K, Dzieciatkowska M, Wilkerson RB, Nemkov T, Lamb DR, Tagaya Y, Boyer T, Rowden T, Doctor A, D'Alessandro A, Buehler PW. Coagulation potential and the integrated omics of extracellular vesicles from COVID-19 positive patient plasma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22191. [PMID: 36564503 PMCID: PMC9780627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in cell-to-cell communication and contribute toward homeostasis under physiological conditions. But EVs can also contribute toward a wide array of pathophysiology like cancer, sepsis, sickle cell disease, and thrombotic disorders. COVID-19 infected patients are at an increased risk of aberrant coagulation, consistent with elevated circulating levels of ultra-high molecular weight VWF multimers, D-dimer and procoagulant EVs. The role of EVs in COVID-19 related hemostasis may depend on cells of origin, vesicular cargo and size, however this is not well defined. We hypothesized that the procoagulant potential of EV isolates from COVID-19 (+) patient plasmas could be defined by thrombin generation assays. Here we isolated small EVs (SEVs) and large EVs (LEVs) from hospitalized COVID-19 (+) patient (n = 21) and healthy donor (n = 20) plasmas. EVs were characterized by flow cytometry, Transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, plasma thrombin generation and a multi-omics approach to define coagulation potential. These data were consistent with differences in EV metabolite, lipid, and protein content when compared to healthy donor plasma isolated SEVs and LEVs. Taken together, the effect of EVs on plasma procoagulant potential as defined by thrombin generation and supported by multi-omics is enhanced in COVID-19. Further, we observe that this effect is driven both by EV size and phosphatidyl serine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saini Setua
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca B Wilkerson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Derek R Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tori Boyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tobi Rowden
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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9
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Gallo RC, Tagaya Y. Reflections on Some of the Exceptional Features of HTLV-1 and HTLV-1 Research: A Perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859654. [PMID: 35432297 PMCID: PMC9010860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The report is not a review or a summary. In a manner, it is a perspective but an unusual one. It looks back to the years my colleagues and I (RG) began preparing for human retroviruses (beginning in 1970), how they evolved, and attempts to bring to light or simply to emphasize many exceptional characteristics of a retrovirus known as HTLV-1 and some fortuitous coincidences, with emphasis on the needs of the field. These events cover over one half a century. We have had many reviews on HTLV-1 disease, epidemiology, and basic aspects of its replication, genome, gene functions, structure, and pathogenesis, though continued updates are needed. However, some of its truly exceptional features have not been highlighted, or at least not in a comprehensive manner. This article attempts to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Gallo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert C. Gallo,
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Cell Biology Lab, Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Weichseldorfer M, Tagaya Y, Reitz M, DeVico AL, Latinovic OS. Identifying CCR5 coreceptor populations permissive for HIV-1 entry and productive infection: implications for in vivo studies. J Transl Med 2022; 20:39. [PMID: 35073923 PMCID: PMC8785515 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The chemokine receptor CCR5 is the major coreceptor for HIV-1 cell entry. We previously observed that not all CCR5 mAbs reduce HIV-1 infection, suggesting that only some CCR5 populations are permissive for HIV-1 entry. This study aims to better understand the relevant conformational states of the cellular coreceptor, CCR5, involved in HIV entry. We hypothesized that CCR5 assumes multiple configurations during normal cycling on the plasma membrane, but only particular forms facilitate HIV-1 infection. Methods To this end, we quantified different CCR5 populations using six CCR5 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with different epitope specificities and visualized them with super-resolution microscopy. We quantified each surface CCR5 population before and after HIV-1 infection. Results Based on CCR5 conformational changes, down-modulation, and trafficking rates (internalization and recycling kinetics), we were able to distinguish among heterogeneous CCR5 populations and thus which populations might best be targeted to inhibit HIV-1 entry. We assume that a decreased surface presence of a particular CCR5 subpopulation following infection means that it has been internalized due to HIV-1 entry, and that it therefore represents a highly relevant target for future antiviral therapy strategies. Strikingly, this was most true for antibody CTC8, which targets the N-terminal region of CCR5 and blocks viral entry more efficiently than it blocks chemokine binding. Conclusions Defining the virus-host interactions responsible for HIV-1 transmission, including specific coreceptor populations capable of establishing de novo infections, is essential for the development of an HIV-1 vaccine. This study hopefully will facilitate further development of inhibitors to block CCR5 usage by HIV-1, as well as inform future HIV-1 vaccine design. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03243-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Weichseldorfer
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 725 W. Lombard St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 725 W. Lombard St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Marvin Reitz
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 725 W. Lombard St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Anthony L DeVico
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 725 W. Lombard St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Olga S Latinovic
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 725 W. Lombard St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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11
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Weichseldorfer M, Affram Y, Heredia A, Rikhtegaran-Tehrani Z, Sajadi MM, Williams SP, Tagaya Y, Benedetti F, Ramadhani HO, Denaro F, Munawwar A, Bryant J, Zella D, Reitz M, Romerio F, Latinovic OS. Combined cART including Tenofovir Disoproxil, Emtricitabine, and Dolutegravir has potent therapeutic effects in HIV-1 infected humanized mice. J Transl Med 2021; 19:453. [PMID: 34717655 PMCID: PMC8557591 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 reservoirs persist in the presence of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). However, cART has transformed HIV-1 infection into a chronic disease marked by control of HIV-1 viral load and mortality reduction. Major challenges remain, including viral resistance upon termination of cART and persistence and identification of tissue distribution of HIV-1 reservoirs. Thus, appropriate animal models that best mimic HIV-1 pathogenesis are important, and the current study complements our previously published validation of the CD34+ hematopoietic humanized mouse model for this purpose. Here we analyze viral suppression using the recently developed combination of antiretrovirals that include Tenofovir Disoproxil (TDF), Emtricitabine (FTC), and Dolutegravir (DTG), a choice based on recent clinical outcomes showing its improved antiretroviral potency, CD4+ T cell preservation, tolerability, and prevention of viral drug resistance compared to that of previous regimens. We used quantitative Airyscan-based super resolution confocal microscopy of selected mouse tissues. Our data allowed us to identify specific solid tissue reservoirs of human T cells expressing the HIV-1 core protein p24. In particular, lymph node, brain, spleen, and liver were visualized as reservoirs for residual infected cells. Marked reduction of viral replication was evident. Considering that detection and visualization of cryptic sites of HIV-1 infection in tissues are clearly crucial steps towards HIV-1 eradication, appropriate animal models with pseudo-human immune systems are needed. In fact, current studies with humans and non-human primates have limited sample availability at multiple stages of infection and cannot easily analyze the effects of differently administered combined antiretroviral treatments on multiple tissues. That is easier to manage when working with humanized mouse models, although we realize the limitations due to low human cell recovery and thus the number of cells available for thorough and comprehensive analyses. Nonetheless, our data further confirm that the CD34+ humanized mouse model is a potentially useful pre-clinical model to study and improve current anti-HIV-1 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Weichseldorfer
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yvonne Affram
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University of Texas A and M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Alonso Heredia
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | | | - Mohammad M Sajadi
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Sumiko P Williams
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Francesca Benedetti
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Habib O Ramadhani
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Frank Denaro
- Morgan State University, College of Bio Sciences, Baltimore, MD, 21011, USA
| | - Arshi Munawwar
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Joseph Bryant
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Davide Zella
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Marvin Reitz
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Fabio Romerio
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Olga S Latinovic
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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12
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Weichseldorfer M, Affram Y, Heredia A, Tagaya Y, Benedetti F, Zella D, Reitz M, Romerio F, Latinovic OS. Anti-HIV Activity of Standard Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Primary Cells Is Intensified by CCR5-Targeting Drugs. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2020; 36:835-841. [PMID: 32623916 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) against HIV-1 is evidenced by reduction of plasma viremia, disease progression, viral transmission, and mortality. However, major challenges still remain in HIV-1 management, especially the emergence of resistant strains and the persistence of viral reservoirs, apparent after cART treatment interruption. Efforts are ongoing to explore the most effective means to intensify cART and successfully control residual viral replication. We anticipate that the reduction by cART of HIV-1 reservoirs could be further enhanced by combining cART with entry inhibitors and drugs that silence CCR5 expression. CCR5-targeting drugs are attractive option because of their low side effects when combined with other antiretroviral drugs. The concept that their inclusion would be effective has been supported by the reduction in two long terminal repeat unintegrated circular DNA, a marker for new infections, when CCR5-targeting drugs are added to standard antiretroviral treatment. This study is, in part, an extension of our previous study demonstrating greater preservation of human CD4+ T-cells and CD4+/CD8+ cell ratios in HIV-infected CD34+ NSG mice when CCR5-targeting drugs were included with standard cART. In this study, we treated HIV-1-infected cell cultures with cART or cART plus CCR5-targeting drugs (maraviroc and rapamycin). We found that treatment intensification with CCR5-targeting drugs led to a significant reduction of HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood ononuclear cells (PBMCs), as judged by measured viral DNA copies and p24 levels. Our data provide proof of principle for the benefit of adding CCR5-targeting drugs to traditional, standard cART to further lower viremia and subsequently reduce viral reservoirs in clinical settings, while potentially lowering side effects by reducing cART concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Weichseldorfer
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yvonne Affram
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alonso Heredia
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Francesca Benedetti
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Davide Zella
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marvin Reitz
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fabio Romerio
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga S. Latinovic
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Miyagawa F, Tagaya Y, Ozato K, Horie K, Asada H. Inflammatory monocyte-derived dendritic cells mediate autoimmunity in murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Transl Autoimmun 2020; 3:100060. [PMID: 32743540 PMCID: PMC7388367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we recently demonstrated that the two major manifestations of SLE are mechanistically independent because the type I IFN pathway leads to the autoantibody production whereas the NF-κB activation is sufficient for the development of glomerulonephritis. To further advance our understandings on the molecular pathways regulating the development of SLE, we studied the role of IRF8 because it controls both type I IFN and NF-κB pathways and saw that IRF8-deficient mice failed to develop either glomerulonephritis or the autoantibody production. Furthermore, these genetically engineered mice prompted us to realize the important role of Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes in the development of SLE. These monocytes migrate to the peritoneal cavity in WT and IRF7-deficient mice but not in IRF8-deficient mice, and there they produce both type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines in WT mice, while in IRF7-deficient mice they only produce proinflammatory cytokines. Upon migration to the spleen, Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs) which are capable of producing proinflammatory cytokines in response to dsDNA autoantigen. Collectively, type I IFN produced from inflammatory monocytes/monocyte-derived DCs might be essential for autoantibody production whereas proinflammatory cytokines produced from them might mediate tissue damages in this model. Our study reveals a specialized role for monocyte-derived antigen presenting cells in autoimmunity. Plasticity of monocyte might play an important role not only in the pathogenesis of the disease but also in flare-ups of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Cell Biology Lab, Division of Infectious Agents and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kyoji Horie
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hideo Asada
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
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14
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Ciszewski C, Discepolo V, Pacis A, Doerr N, Tastet O, Mayassi T, Maglio M, Basheer A, Al-Mawsawi LQ, Green P, Auricchio R, Troncone R, Waldmann TA, Azimi N, Tagaya Y, Barreiro LB, Jabri B. Identification of a γc Receptor Antagonist That Prevents Reprogramming of Human Tissue-resident Cytotoxic T Cells by IL15 and IL21. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:625-637.e13. [PMID: 31622625 PMCID: PMC7861144 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gamma chain (γc) cytokines (interleukin [IL]2, IL4, IL7, IL9, IL15, and IL21) signal via a common γc receptor. IL2 regulates the immune response, whereas IL21 and IL15 contribute to development of autoimmune disorders, including celiac disease. We investigated whether BNZ-2, a peptide designed to inhibit IL15 and IL21, blocks these cytokines selectively and its effects on intraepithelial cytotoxic T cells. METHODS We obtained duodenal biopsies from 9 patients with potential celiac disease (positive results from tests for anti-TG2 but no villous atrophy), 30 patients with untreated celiac disease (with villous atrophy), and 5 patients with treated celiac disease (on a gluten-free diet), as well as 43 individuals without celiac disease (controls). We stimulated primary intestinal intraepithelial CD8+ T-cell lines, or CD8+ T cells directly isolated from intestinal biopsies, with γc cytokines in presence or absence of BNZ-2. Cells were analyzed by immunoblots, flow cytometry, or RNA-sequencing analysis for phosphorylation of signaling molecules, gene expression profiles, proliferation, and levels of granzyme B. RESULTS Duodenal tissues from patients with untreated celiac disease had increased levels of messenger RNAs encoding IL15 receptor subunit alpha (IL15RA) and IL21 compared with tissues from patients with potential celiac disease and controls. Activation of intraepithelial cytotoxic T cells with IL15 or IL21 induced separate signaling pathways; incubation of the cells with IL15 and IL21 cooperatively increased their transcriptional activity, proliferation, and cytolytic properties. BNZ-2 specifically inhibited the effects of IL15 and IL21, but not of other γc cytokines. CONCLUSIONS We found increased expression of IL15RA and IL21 in duodenal tissues from patients with untreated celiac disease compared with controls. IL15 and IL21 cooperatively activated intestinal intraepithelial cytotoxic T cells. In particular, they increased their transcriptional activity, proliferation, and cytolytic activity. The peptide BNZ-2 blocked these effects, but not those of other γc cytokines, including IL2. BNZ-2 might be used to prevent cytotoxic T-cell-mediated tissue damage in complex immune disorders exhibiting upregulation of IL15 and IL21.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alain Pacis
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nick Doerr
- Bioniz Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Toufic Mayassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mariantonia Maglio
- Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Peter Green
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renata Auricchio
- Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Thomas A. Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luis B. Barreiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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15
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Frohna PA, Ratnayake A, Doerr N, Basheer A, Al-Mawsawi LQ, Kim WJ, Zapata JC, Wu X, Waldmann TA, Azimi N, Tagaya Y. Results From a First-in-Human Study of BNZ-1, a Selective Multicytokine Inhibitor Targeting Members of the Common Gamma (γc) Family of Cytokines. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 60:264-273. [PMID: 31465127 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic roles of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-9, and IL-15, have been implicated in multiple T-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. BNZ-1 is a selective and simultaneous inhibitor of IL-2, IL-9, and IL-15, which targets the common gamma chain signaling receptor subunit. In this first-in-human study, 18 healthy adults (n = 3/cohort) received an intravenous dose of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, or 6.4 mg/kg infused over ≤5 minutes on day 1 and were followed for 30 days for safety and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic sample collection. No dose-limiting toxicities, infusion reactions, or serious or severe treatment-emergent adverse events were observed. Headache was the only treatment-emergent adverse event in >1 subject (n = 3). Peak and total BNZ-1 exposure was generally dose proportional, with a terminal elimination half-life of ∼5 days. Pharmacodynamic effects of BNZ-1 on regulatory T cells (Tregs, IL-2), natural killer (NK) cells (IL-15) and CD8 central memory T cells (Tcm, IL-15) were measured by flow cytometry and used to demonstrate target engagement. For Tregs, 0.2 mg/kg was an inactive dose, while a maximum ∼50% to 60% decrease from baseline was observed on day 4 after doses of 0.4 to 1.6 mg/kg, and higher doses produced an 80% to 93% decrease from baseline on day 15. Similar pharmacodynamic trends were observed for natural killer cells and CD8 Tcm, although decreases in CD8 Tcm were more prolonged. These subpopulations returned to/toward baseline by day 31. T cells (total, CD4, and CD8), B cells, and monocytes were unchanged throughout. These preliminary results suggest that BNZ-1 safely and selectively inhibits IL-2 and IL-15, which results in robust, reversible immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nick Doerr
- Bioniz Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine, California, USA
| | | | | | - Woo Jae Kim
- Bioniz Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine, California, USA
| | - Juan C Zapata
- Institute for Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- Institute for Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nazli Azimi
- Bioniz Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine, California, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Institute for Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Latinovic OS, Neal LM, Tagaya Y, Heredia A, Medina-Moreno S, Zapata JC, Reitz M, Bryant J, Redfield RR. Suppression of Active HIV-1 Infection in CD34 + Hematopoietic Humanized NSG Mice by a Combination of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy and CCR5 Targeting Drugs. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:718-728. [PMID: 31099257 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2018.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the diagnostics and treatment of AIDS since the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in 1983. The remarkable effectiveness of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is evidenced by mortality reduction, control of peripheral blood viral load, and in a nearly normal quality of HIV patients' lives. Remaining obstacles in treatment and cure are drug toxicities and side effects, viral resistance, persistence of HIV-1 reservoirs on termination of cART treatment, the cost of lifelong antiretroviral therapy, and the stigma associated with taking antiretroviral drugs. As determined by plasma viral RNA and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proviral DNA, we show improved suppression of productive HIV infection in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell-engrafted NOD (nonobese diabetic)-SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency)-il2rg-/- (NSG) mice by combined treatment with cART and CCR5 targeting drugs, compared with cART alone, as well as an increased preservation of human CD4+ T cells (defined as CD45+ CD3+ CD4+ cells) and CD4+/CD8+ cell ratios in infected mice. The data also suggest a possible reduction in viral reservoirs. Our data confirm that this animal model is suitable for detection of productive HIV infection, replication, and establishment of viral reservoirs. The data also provide proof of principle for the utility of combining CCR5 targeting drugs, maraviroc and rapamycin, with traditional cART to improve control of viremia and reduce viral reservoirs. This study thus serves as a model for future HIV-1 studies that could lead to the clinical development of new generations of antiretroviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Latinovic
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lauren M. Neal
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alonso Heredia
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sandra Medina-Moreno
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Juan C. Zapata
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marvin Reitz
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph Bryant
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert R. Redfield
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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17
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Wang TT, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Dubois S, Conlon KC, Tagaya Y, Hamele CE, Dighe S, Olson TL, Feith DJ, Azimi N, Waldmann TA, Loughran TP. IL-2 and IL-15 blockade by BNZ-1, an inhibitor of selective γ-chain cytokines, decreases leukemic T-cell viability. Leukemia 2019; 33:1243-1255. [PMID: 30353031 PMCID: PMC6478569 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) and IL-2 drive T-cell malignancies including T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGLL) and HTLV-1 driven adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Both cytokines share common γ-chain receptors and downstream signaling pathways. T-LGLL is characterized by clonal expansion of cytotoxic T cells and is associated with abnormal JAK/STAT signaling. ATL is an aggressive CD4+ T-cell neoplasm associated with HTLV-1. T-LGLL and ATL share dependence on IL-2 and IL-15 for survival and both diseases lack effective therapies. BNZ-1 is a pegylated peptide designed to specifically bind the γc receptor to selectively block IL-2, IL-15, and IL-9 signaling. We hypothesized that treatment with BNZ-1 would reduce cytokine-mediated proliferation and viability. Our results demonstrated that in vitro treatment of a T-LGLL cell line and ex vivo treatment of T-LGLL patient cells with BNZ-1 inhibited cytokine-mediated viability. Furthermore, BNZ-1 blocked downstream signaling and increased apoptosis. These results were mirrored in an ATL cell line and in ex vivo ATL patient cells. Lastly, BNZ-1 drastically reduced leukemic burden in an IL-15-driven human ATL mouse xenograft model. Thus, BNZ-1 shows great promise as a novel therapy for T-LGLL, ATL, and other IL-2 or IL-15 driven hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tiffany Wang
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Meili Zhang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Laboratory Animal Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sigrid Dubois
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin C Conlon
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- BIONIZ Therapeutics, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Cait E Hamele
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Shubha Dighe
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Thomas L Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David J Feith
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | | | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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18
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Abstract
It has been nearly 40 years since human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1), the first oncogenic retrovirus in humans and the first demonstrable cause of cancer by an infectious agent, was discovered. Studies indicate that HTLV-1 is arguably one of the most carcinogenic agents to humans. In addition, HTLV-1 causes a diverse array of diseases, including myelopathy and immunodeficiency, which cause morbidity and mortality to many people in the world, including the indigenous population in Australia, a fact that was emphasized only recently. HTLV-1 can be transmitted by infected lymphocytes, from mother to child via breast feeding, by sex, by blood transfusion, and by organ transplant. Therefore, the prevention of HTLV-1 infection is possible but such action has been taken in only a limited part of the world. However, until now it has not been listed by the World Health Organization as a sexually transmitted organism nor, oddly, recognized as an oncogenic virus by the recent list of the National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health. Such underestimation of HTLV-1 by health agencies has led to a remarkable lack of funding supporting research and development of treatments and vaccines, causing HTLV-1 to remain a global threat. Nonetheless, there are emerging novel therapeutic and prevention strategies which will help people who have diseases caused by HTLV-1. In this review, we present a brief historic overview of the key events in HTLV-1 research, including its pivotal role in generating ideas of a retrovirus cause of AIDS and in several essential technologies applicable to the discovery of HIV and the unraveling of its genes and their function. This is followed by the status of HTLV-1 research and the preventive and therapeutic developments of today. We also discuss pending issues and remaining challenges to enable the eradication of HTLV-1 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Tagaya
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Robert Gallo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Frohna P, Tagaya Y, Ratnayake A, Waldmann T, Azimi N. LB1517 Clinical effects of BNZ-1, a selective inhibitor of IL-2/IL-9/IL15 in development for alopecia areata. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Hull and York Medical School, University of York, York, UK; HTLV-1 Task Force, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- HTLV-1 Task Force, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Robert Gallo
- HTLV-1 Task Force, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Gallo
- Division of Basic Science, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, United States.,HTLV-1 Task Force, Global Virus NetworkBaltimore, MD, United States
| | - Luc Willems
- HTLV-1 Task Force, Global Virus NetworkBaltimore, MD, United States.,Research Director, National Fund for Scientific Research at University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Division of Basic Science, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, United States.,HTLV-1 Task Force, Global Virus NetworkBaltimore, MD, United States
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22
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Abstract
Rhesus macaque is an important animal model for studies testing interventions like antibody therapeutics; as such knowledge of inter-individual variations in function of genes affecting antibody recycling is important for optimal experimental design. Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), a heterodimer composed of FCGRT and β2-m chains, plays critical role in extending catabolic half-life of IgG. We studied genomic polymorphisms in rhesus macaque FcRn and asked if they are functional by assessing correlations with serum IgG or β2-m levels. We tested 75 animals and report the presence of a VNTR polymorphism in promoter of FcRn as well as a single nucleotide polymorphism in the signal peptide of β2-m. A VNTR minor allele was associated with lower levels of serum IgG. This polymorphism may account for inter-animal variation in antibody levels and has relevance for effective design of rhesus macaque studies investigating vaccine-induced antibody responses and passive immunizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna Shubin
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Bhawna Poonia
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) is the first pathogenic human retrovirus identified in 1979 by the Gallo group. HTLV-1 causes fatal T-cell leukemia (adult T cell leukemia) and a progressive myelopahy (HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis, HAM/TSP) and other disorders. Since the discovery of HTLV-1, several other microorganisms are demonstrated to cause cancer in humans. In this article, we investigated the oncogenic capacity of HTLV-1, in comparison with those of other oncoviruses and one oncobacterium (Helicobacter pylori, H. Pylori) based on published literature. We conclude here that HTLV-1 is one of the most and may be the most carcinogenic among them and arguably one of the most potent of the known human carcinogens. This fact has not been noted before and is particularly important to justify why we need to study HTLV-1 as an important model of human viral oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Tagaya
- Division of Basic Science, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert C Gallo
- Division of Basic Science, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, United States
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Willems L, Hasegawa H, Accolla R, Bangham C, Bazarbachi A, Bertazzoni U, Carneiro-Proietti ABDF, Cheng H, Chieco-Bianchi L, Ciminale V, Coelho-Dos-Reis J, Esparza J, Gallo RC, Gessain A, Gotuzzo E, Hall W, Harford J, Hermine O, Jacobson S, Macchi B, Macpherson C, Mahieux R, Matsuoka M, Murphy E, Peloponese JM, Simon V, Tagaya Y, Taylor GP, Watanabe T, Yamano Y. Reducing the global burden of HTLV-1 infection: An agenda for research and action. Antiviral Res 2016; 137:41-48. [PMID: 27840202 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Even though an estimated 10-20 million people worldwide are infected with the oncogenic retrovirus, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), its epidemiology is poorly understood, and little effort has been made to reduce its prevalence. In response to this situation, the Global Virus Network launched a taskforce in 2014 to develop new methods of prevention and treatment of HTLV-1 infection and promote basic research. HTLV-1 is the etiological agent of two life-threatening diseases, adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, for which no effective therapy is currently available. Although the modes of transmission of HTLV-1 resemble those of the more familiar HIV-1, routine diagnostic methods are generally unavailable to support the prevention of new infections. In the present article, the Taskforce proposes a series of actions to expand epidemiological studies; increase research on mechanisms of HTLV-1 persistence, replication and pathogenesis; discover effective treatments; and develop prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Willems
- University of Liege, Belgium; Chairs of the HTLV Taskforce of the Global Virus Network, USA.
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Chairs of the HTLV Taskforce of the Global Virus Network, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hua Cheng
- Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Gotuzzo
- Tropical Medical Institute Alexander von Humboldt, Lima, Peru
| | - William Hall
- Centre for Research in Infectious Disease, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Steven Jacobson
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Viviana Simon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Miyagawa F, Tagaya Y, Ozato K, Asada H. Essential Requirement for IFN Regulatory Factor 7 in Autoantibody Production but Not Development of Nephritis in Murine Lupus. J I 2016; 197:2167-76. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Latinovic OS, Zhang J, Tagaya Y, DeVico AL, Fouts TR, Schneider K, Lakowicz JR, Heredia A, Redfield RR. Synergistic Inhibition of R5 HIV-1 by the Fusion Protein (FLSC) IgG1 Fc and Maraviroc in Primary Cells: Implications for Prevention and Treatment. Curr HIV Res 2016; 14:24-36. [PMID: 26354735 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x13666150909145150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs targeting retroviral enzymes have been extensively employed to treat HIV-1 infection. Drawbacks of this approach include cost, toxicity, and the eventual emergence of resistant strains that threaten prophylactic and/or therapeutic efficacy. Accordingly, efforts to develop next-generation ARV approaches are warranted, particularly if they can offer a higher threshold of resistance. We have previously shown that FLSC, a fusion protein containing gp120(BAL) and the D1 and D2 domains of human CD4, specifically binds CCR5, an important cellular co-receptor, and inhibits the entry of R5 HIV isolates. (FLSC) IgG1, a fusion of FLSC and the hinge-C(H)2-C(H)3 region of human IgG1, has an increased antiviral activity, likely due to the resultant bivalency. METHODS In this study, we show CCR5 reduction upon (FLSC) IgG1 treatment both by standard flow cytometry and visualized using a novel nanoparticle method. A β-lactamase virus-cell fusion assay was used to quantify (FLSC) IgG1 inhibition of HIV-1 entry into both cell lines and primary cells. Synergistic anti-viral activities of (FLSC) IgG1 and MVC in primary cells were evaluated by measuring supernatant p24 levels via ELISA and calculated using the MacSynergy™ II program. RESULTS We previously reported that treatment with the CCR5 small molecule antagonist Maraviroc (MVC) increased the apparent exposure of the (FLSC) IgG1 binding sites on CCR5, leading us to wonder if the two compounds used in combination might synergize in their anti-viral activity. Here we show that this is indeed the case. We demonstrate that fusion protein (FLSC) IgG1, strongly synergizes with the CCR5 antagonist Maraviroc to successfully inhibit both MVC-sensitive and MVC-resistant R5 HIV-1. CONCLUSION Observed synergy between (FLSC) IgG1 and MVC was high in both, cell lines and primary PBMCs. This has relevance for future in vivo studies. In addition, synergy occurred both with MVC-sensitive viruses and MVC-resistant viruses, partially restoring the inhibitory effect of MVC. These findings suggest that a combinatorial treatment based on these two compounds has potential merit and that future in vivo studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Latinovic
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 W. Lombard St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Nata T, Zapata JC, Massoud R, Jacobson S, Azimi N, Tagaya Y. A multi-cytokine inhibitory peptide (BNZ 132-1) that is a potential therapeutic agent for HAMTSP and other necrotizing diseases. Retrovirology 2015. [PMCID: PMC4577809 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-12-s1-o22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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28
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Anton OM, Vielkind S, Peterson ME, Tagaya Y, Long EO. NK Cell Proliferation Induced by IL-15 Transpresentation Is Negatively Regulated by Inhibitory Receptors. J Immunol 2015; 195:4810-21. [PMID: 26453750 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IL-15 bound to the IL-15Rα-chain (IL-15Rα) is presented in trans to cells bearing the IL-2Rβ-chain and common γ-chain. As IL-15 transpresentation occurs in the context of cell-to-cell contacts, it has the potential for regulation by and of other receptor-ligand interactions. In this study, human NK cells were tested for the sensitivity of IL-15 transpresentation to inhibitory receptors. Human cells expressing HLA class I ligands for inhibitory receptors KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2/3, or CD94-NKG2A were transfected with IL-15Rα. Proliferation of primary NK cells in response to transpresented IL-15 was reduced by engagement of either KIR2DL1 or KIR2DL2/3 by cognate HLA-C ligands. Inhibitory KIR-HLA-C interactions did not reduce the proliferation induced by soluble IL-15. Therefore, transpresentation of IL-15 is subject to downregulation by MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors. Similarly, proliferation of the NKG2A(+) cell line NKL induced by IL-15 transpresentation was inhibited by HLA-E. Coengagement of inhibitory receptors, either KIR2DL1 or CD94-NKG2A, did not inhibit phosphorylation of Stat5 but inhibited selectively phosphorylation of Akt and S6 ribosomal protein. IL-15Rα was not excluded from, but was evenly distributed across, inhibitory synapses. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism to attenuate IL-15-dependent NK cell proliferation and suggest that inhibitory NK cell receptors contribute to NK cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Anton
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852; and
| | - Susina Vielkind
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852; and
| | - Mary E Peterson
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852; and
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Division of Basic Science and Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Eric O Long
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852; and
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Nata T, Basheer A, Cocchi F, van Besien R, Massoud R, Jacobson S, Azimi N, Tagaya Y. Targeting the binding interface on a shared receptor subunit of a cytokine family enables the inhibition of multiple member cytokines with selectable target spectrum. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:22338-51. [PMID: 26183780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The common γ molecule (γc) is a shared signaling receptor subunit used by six γc-cytokines. These cytokines play crucial roles in the differentiation of the mature immune system and are involved in many human diseases. Moreover, recent studies suggest that multiple γc-cytokines are pathogenically involved in a single disease, thus making the shared γc-molecule a logical target for therapeutic intervention. However, the current therapeutic strategies seem to lack options to treat such cases, partly because of the lack of appropriate neutralizing antibodies recognizing the γc and, more importantly, because of the inherent and practical limitations in the use of monoclonal antibodies. By targeting the binding interface of the γc and cytokines, we successfully designed peptides that not only inhibit multiple γc-cytokines but with a selectable target spectrum. Notably, the lead peptide inhibited three γc-cytokines without affecting the other three or non-γc-cytokines. Biological and mutational analyses of our peptide provide new insights to our current understanding on the structural aspect of the binding of γc-cytokines the γc-molecule. Furthermore, we provide evidence that our peptide, when conjugated to polyethylene glycol to gain stability in vivo, efficiently blocks the action of one of the target cytokines in animal models. Collectively, our technology can be expanded to target various combinations of γc-cytokines and thereby will provide a novel strategy to the current anti-cytokine therapies against immune, inflammatory, and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Nata
- From the Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | | | - Fiorenza Cocchi
- From the Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Richard van Besien
- From the Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Raya Massoud
- the Section of Neuroimmunology, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20890
| | - Steven Jacobson
- the Section of Neuroimmunology, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20890
| | | | - Yutaka Tagaya
- From the Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
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Massoud R, Enose-Akahata Y, Tagaya Y, Azimi N, Jacobson S. BNZ-gamma peptide, a potential therapeutic agent in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy. Retrovirology 2014. [PMCID: PMC4042232 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-11-s1-p14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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31
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Goicochea M, Nata T, Gallo R, Cheng H, Tagaya Y. HBZ RNA may promote cell survival against clastogenic damages and thereby contributes to the development of leukemic ATL cells. Retrovirology 2014. [PMCID: PMC4043509 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-11-s1-o56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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32
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Azimi N, Massoud R, Jacobson S, Tagaya Y. P168 Selective inhibition of multiple cytokines: A novel therapeutic strategy for immune-mediated diseases. Cytokine 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
In this volume, Nguyen and Weng [( 1) ] show an intriguing study in which they observed an antagonizing effect by IL-21 on the IL-7- or IL-15-driven expansion of CD28(-) nonfunctional memory CD8 T cells and thereby, proposed a new role for IL-21 to keep the memory pool fresh and competent. I will summarize previous studies and discuss the recent advancement in this context.
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Kawakami Y, Tomimori Y, Yumoto K, Hasegawa S, Ando T, Tagaya Y, Crotty S, Kawakami T. Inhibition of NK cell activity by IL-17 allows vaccinia virus to induce severe skin lesions in a mouse model of eczema vaccinatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:1219-25. [PMID: 19468065 PMCID: PMC2715052 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20082835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Threats of bioterrorism have renewed efforts to better understand poxvirus pathogenesis and to develop a safer vaccine against smallpox. Individuals with atopic dermatitis are excluded from smallpox vaccination because of their propensity to develop eczema vaccinatum, a disseminated vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. To study the underlying mechanism of the vulnerability of atopic dermatitis patients to VACV infection, we developed a mouse model of eczema vaccinatum. Virus infection of eczematous skin induced severe primary erosive skin lesions, but not in the skin of healthy mice. Eczematous mice exhibited lower natural killer (NK) cell activity but similar cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and humoral immune responses. The role of NK cells in controlling VACV-induced skin lesions was demonstrated by experiments depleting or transferring NK cells. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 reduced NK cell activity in mice with preexisting dermatitis. Given low NK cell activities and increased IL-17 expression in atopic dermatitis patients, these results can explain the increased susceptibility of atopic dermatitis patients to eczema vaccinatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Wilhelm C, Mascio MD, Hu Z, Srinivasula S, Thaker V, Adelsberger J, Rupert A, Baseler M, Tagaya Y, Roby G, Rehm C, Follmann D, Lane C, Catalfamo M. 332 HIV Infection leads to increased proliferation of T-cells by two distinct pathways that differentially affect CD4 and CD8 T-cells. Cytokine 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.07.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Sato N, Waldmann TA, Tagaya Y. 131 Cytokine responses of naı¨ve T-cells requires special permission by accessory cells. Cytokine 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.07.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Miyagawa F, Tagaya Y, Kim BS, Patel HJ, Ishida K, Ohteki T, Waldmann TA, Katz SI. IL-15 serves as a costimulator in determining the activity of autoreactive CD8 T cells in an experimental mouse model of graft-versus-host-like disease. J Immunol 2008; 181:1109-19. [PMID: 18606663 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.2.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanisms controlling peripheral tolerance, we established two transgenic (Tg) mouse strains expressing different levels of membrane-bound OVA (mOVA) as a skin-associated self-Ag. When we transferred autoreactive TCR-Tg CD8 T cells (OT-I cells), keratin 14 (K14)-mOVA(high) Tg mice developed autoreactive skin disease (graft-vs-host disease (GVHD)-like skin lesions) while K14-mOVA(low) Tg mice did not. OT-I cells in K14-mOVA(high) Tg mice were fully activated with full development of effector function. In contrast, OT-I cells in K14-mOVA(low) Tg mice proliferated but did not gain effector function. Exogenous IL-15 altered the functional status of OT-I cells and concomitantly induced disease in K14-mOVA(low) Tg mice. Conversely, neutralization of endogenous IL-15 activity in K14-mOVA(high) Tg mice attenuated GVHD-like skin lesions induced by OT-I cell transfer. Futhermore, K14-mOVA(high) Tg mice on IL-15 knockout or IL-15Ralpha knockout backgrounds did not develop skin lesions after adoptive transfer of OT-I cells. These results identify IL-15 as an indispensable costimulator that can determine the functional fate of autoreactive CD8 T cells and whether immunity or tolerance ensues, and they suggest that inhibition of IL-15 function may be efficacious in blocking expression of autoimmunity where a breach in peripheral tolerance is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Miyagawa
- Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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38
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Terabe M, Tagaya Y, Zhu Q, Granger L, Roederer M, Waldmann TA, Berzofsky JA. IL-15 expands unconventional CD8alphaalphaNK1.1+ T cells but not Valpha14Jalpha18+ NKT cells. J Immunol 2008; 180:7276-86. [PMID: 18490727 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.11.7276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent gains in knowledge regarding CD1d-restricted NKT cells, very little is understood of non-CD1d-restricted NKT cells such as CD8(+)NK1.1(+) T cells, in part because of the very small proportion of these cells in the periphery. In this study we took advantage of the high number of CD8(+)NK1.1(+) T cells in IL-15-transgenic mice to characterize this T cell population. In the IL-15-transgenic mice, the absolute number of CD1d-tetramer(+) NKT cells did not increase, although IL-15 has been shown to play a critical role in the development and expansion of these cells. The CD8(+)NK1.1(+) T cells in the IL-15-transgenic mice did not react with CD1d-tetramer. Approximately 50% of CD8(+)NK1.1(+) T cells were CD8alphaalpha. In contrast to CD4(+)NK1.1(+) T cells, which were mostly CD1d-restricted NKT cells and of which approximately 70% were CD69(+)CD44(+), approximately 70% of CD8(+)NK1.1(+) T cells were CD69(-)CD44(+). We could also expand similar CD8alphaalphaNK1.1(+) T cells but not CD4(+) NKT cells from CD8alpha(+)beta(-) bone marrow cells cultured ex vivo with IL-15. These results indicate that the increased CD8alphaalphaNK1.1(+) T cells are not activated conventional CD8(+) T cells and do not arise from conventional CD8alphabeta precursors. CD8alphaalphaNK1.1(+) T cells produced very large amounts of IFN-gamma and degranulated upon TCR activation. These results suggest that high levels of IL-15 induce expansion or differentiation of a novel NK1.1(+) T cell subset, CD8alphaalphaNK1.1(+) T cells, and that IL-15-transgenic mice may be a useful resource for studying the functional relevance of CD8(+)NK1.1(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Terabe
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20893, USA.
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39
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Lutsiak MEC, Tagaya Y, Adams AJ, Schlom J, Sabzevari H. Tumor-induced impairment of TCR signaling results in compromised functionality of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells. J Immunol 2008; 180:5871-81. [PMID: 18424706 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.9.5871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates, for the first time, that murine regulatory T (Treg) cells in the tumor microenvironment display both enhanced proliferation and reduced functionality. This enhanced proliferation, combined with decreased apoptosis, leads to an intratumoral accumulation of Treg cells with a unique phenotype: CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+)GITR(high)CD27(low)CD62L(-). The loss of functionality is associated with down-regulation of the TCR signaling complex, including IL-2-inducible T cell kinase. It is also demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating Treg cells have impaired TCR-mediated signaling and calcium influx. Based on these findings, this study supports the hypothesis that 1) tumor-infiltrating Treg cells lose functionality due to their diminished ability to become effectively activated and 2) intratumoral accumulation of Treg cells may compensate for the impaired functionality, thus maintaining immune tolerance to the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Christine Lutsiak
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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40
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Kawakami Y, Hasegawa S, Yumoto K, Yao L, Tomimori Y, Tagaya Y, Crotty S, Kawakami T. Protection from vaccinia virus‐induced severe skin lesions by natural killer cells in a mouse model of eczema vaccinatum. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.670.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Metabolism BranchNational Cancer Institute/NIHBethesdaMD
| | - Shane Crotty
- Vaccine DevelopmentLa Jolla Institute for Allergy and ImmunologyLa JollaCA
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Sato N, Waldmann TA, Tagaya Y. 134 Accessory Cells Enable Cytokine Response of Naïve T Cells Through Cellular Contact Without Antigen. Cytokine 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.07.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Catalfamo M, Di Mascio M, Tagaya Y, Sriniasula S, Thaker V, Adelsberger J, Rupert A, Baseler M, Roby G, Rehm C, Lane C. 16 HIV Infection Leads to Increased Immune Activation by 2 Distinct Pathways that Differentially Affect CD4 and CD8 T Cells. Cytokine 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Sato N, Patel HJ, Waldmann TA, Tagaya Y. The IL-15/IL-15Ralpha on cell surfaces enables sustained IL-15 activity and contributes to the long survival of CD8 memory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:588-93. [PMID: 17202253 PMCID: PMC1766429 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously described unique features of the IL-15 receptor (IL-15R)alpha. IL-15Ralpha by itself forms stable complexes with IL-15 on cell surfaces and presents IL-15 in trans to neighboring natural killer/T cells. Moreover, the membrane IL-15/IL-15Ralpha complexes (membIL-15) undergo endosomal internalization but survive lysosomal degradation, allowing the complexes to recycle back to the cell surface. Here, we show that membIL-15+ cells act as a persistent source of IL-15 for the surrounding microenvironment (intercellular reservoir effect). Additionally, membIL-15+ cells give rise to augmented retention of IL-15 in the circulation as well as in tissues. Curiously, IL-15 retention was particularly associated with lungs, rather than with lymph nodes, in normal unstimulated mice, which correlated with the preferential homing of antigen-specific CD8 T cells to lungs during their contraction phase in an IL-15Ralpha-dependent manner. Furthermore, membIL-15, unlike soluble IL-15, caused sustained IL-15 signal transduction in the target cells. Collectively, these characteristics define IL-15 as a unique cytokine with prolonged in vivo survival and sustained biological action on the target cells, which may account for the proposed persistent action of IL-15 that helps the long-term survival of functional CD8 memory T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Sato
- *Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | | | - Thomas A. Waldmann
- *Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
National Institutes of Health, Building 10/Room 4N117, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892. E-mail:
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- *Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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Mostböck S, Catalfamo M, Tagaya Y, Schlom J, Sabzevari H. Acquisition of antigen presentasome (APS), an MHC/costimulatory complex, is a checkpoint of memory T-cell homeostasis. Blood 2006; 109:2488-95. [PMID: 17105811 PMCID: PMC1852200 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-09-047290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunologic memory is associated with the activation and expansion of antigen-specific T cells, followed by clonal deletion and survival of a small number of memory T cells. This study establishes that effector and rested memory T cells can acquire major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/CD80 molecules (antigen presentasome [APS]) upon activation in vitro and after vaccination in vivo. We demonstrate for the first time that acquisition of APS by rested memory T cells is correlated with increased levels of apoptosis in vivo and up-regulation of caspase-3, bcl-x, bak, and bax in our in vitro studies. Moreover, our results demonstrate that memory T cells with acquired APS can indeed become cytotoxic T lymphocytes and kill other cells through perforin-mediated lysis. In addition, they retained the production of interferon gamma and T-helper 2 (Th2) type cytokines. The acquisition of APS by memory T cells might be an important checkpoint leading to the clonal deletion of the majority of effector T cells, possibly allowing the surviving cells to become long-term memory cells by default.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Mostböck
- The Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Antony PA, Paulos CM, Ahmadzadeh M, Akpinarli A, Palmer DC, Sato N, Kaiser A, Hinrichs CS, Heinrichs C, Klebanoff CA, Tagaya Y, Restifo NP. Interleukin-2-dependent mechanisms of tolerance and immunity in vivo. J Immunol 2006; 176:5255-66. [PMID: 16621991 PMCID: PMC1473163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.9.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IL-2 is a critical T cell growth factor in vitro, but predominantly mediates tolerance in vivo. IL-2 is mainly produced by CD4(+) Th cells, but the role of Th cell-derived IL-2 in vivo is controversial. We demonstrate that during immunity to a tumor/self-Ag, the predominant role of Th cell-derived IL-2 was to maintain IL-2Ralpha (CD25) on CD4(+) T regulatory cells (T(reg)), which resulted in their maintenance of the T(reg) cell lineage factor, Forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (Foxp3), and tolerance. However, in the absence of T(reg) cells, Th cell-derived IL-2 maintained effector T cells and caused autoimmunity. IL-2R signaling was indispensable for T(reg) cell homeostasis and efficient suppressor function in vivo, but, surprisingly, was not required for their generation, because IL-2(-/-) and CD25(-/-) mice both contained Foxp3(+) T cells in the periphery. IL-2R signaling was also important for CD8(+) T cell immunity, because CD25(-/-) tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells failed to affect established tumors. Conversely, IL-2R signaling was not required for Th cell function. Lastly, administration of anti-IL-2 plus exogenous IL-15 to tumor-bearing mice enhanced the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. Therefore, Th cell-derived IL-2 paradoxically controls both tolerance and immunity to a tumor/self-Ag in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Antony
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Kobayashi H, Kawamoto S, Brechbiel MW, Bernardo M, Sato N, Waldmann TA, Tagaya Y, Choyke PL. Detection of lymph node involvement in hematologic malignancies using micromagnetic resonance lymphangiography with a gadolinum-labeled dendrimer nanoparticle. Neoplasia 2006; 7:984-91. [PMID: 16331884 PMCID: PMC1502021 DOI: 10.1593/neo.05454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Revised: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of lymphoma should reflect their counterparts in humans; however, it can be difficult to ascertain whether an induced disease is intralymphatic or extralymphatic based on direct visualization. Current imaging methods are insufficient for identifying lymphatic and intralymphatic involvement. To differentiate intralymphatic from extralymphatic involvement, we have developed a magnetic resonance imaging-based lymphangiography method and tested it on two animal models of lymphoma. A gadolinium (Gd)-labeled dendrimer nanoparticle (generation-6; approximately 220 kDa/ approximately 10 nm) was injected interstitially into mice bearing hematologic malignancies to perform dynamic micromagnetic resonance lymphangiography (micro-MRL). Both a standard T1-weighted 3D fast spoiled gradient echo and a T2/T1-weighted 3D fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (3D-FIESTA-C) were compared in an imaging study to differentiate intralymphatic from extralymphatic involvement of tumors. The lymphatics and lymph nodes were visualized with both methods in all cases. In addition, 3D-FIESTA-C depicted both the lymphatic system and the extralymphatic tumor. In an animal model, 3D-FIESTA-C demonstrated that the bulk of the tumor thought to be intralymphatic was actually extralymphatic. In conclusion, micro-MRL, using Gd-labeled dendrimer nanoparticles with the combined method, can define both the normal and abnormal lymphatics and can distinguish intralymphatic from extralymphatic diseases in mouse models of malignant lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA.
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Morrison BJ, Tagaya Y, Steel JC, Mannan P, Waldmann TA, Morris JC, Sakai Y. 429. Adenoviral-Mediated Interleukin-15 Receptor-α Gene Therapy of Murine Breast Cancer. Mol Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.08.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Okuda I, Kokubo T, Yamase H, Kohno T, Tagaya Y. [Selection of the bronchial tube for one-lung anesthesia by multidetector-row computed tomography (MD CT) evaluation]. Kyobu Geka 2005; 58:549-54. [PMID: 16004336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
One-lung anesthesia is a method of anesthesia performed by inserting the tip of a bronchial tube into either the right main bronchus or the left main bronchus. The right bronchial tube is a special structure. Since the distance of the carina to the right upper lobe bronchus is short, a side hole is made to prevent blockading of the right upper lobe bronchus, and the cuff is attached aslant to it. When inserting a bronchial tube into the right main bronchus, care is required to prevent the occurrence of atelectasis though a gap in the bronchial tube. We evaluated the structure of a trachea and a bronchus using the multidetector-row computed tomography (MD CT), and tried to select the right bronchial tube most suitable for each structure. There are individual differences in the structure of a trachea and a bronchus. By creating a 3-dimensional image of a trachea and a bronchus, the structure could be easily grasped, and therefore selection of the most appropriate bronchial tube according to the structure was possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuko Okuda
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhou J, Tagaya Y, Tolouei-Semnani R, Schlom J, Sabzevari H. Physiological relevance of antigen presentasome (APS), an acquired MHC/costimulatory complex, in the sustained activation of CD4+ T cells in the absence of APCs. Blood 2005; 105:3238-46. [PMID: 15637136 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-08-3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
T-cell interaction with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) results in activation and clonal expansion of naive T cells. CD80 expression/acquisition in T cells has been implicated in disease processes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and multiple myeloma and patients infected with HIV. Our previous data indicate that antigen-specific activation of naive T cells results in T-cell acquisition of CD80 molecules from APCs. However, the functional relevance of the acquired CD80 by T cells in signal pathways has remained unresolved. This study aims to define for the first time the role of acquired CD80 in T-cell clonal expansion. We demonstrate the following: (1) T cells, upon CD80 acquisition, sustain their proliferative response in the absence of APCs; (2) T cells that acquire CD80 sustain the activity of transcriptional factors such as nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) and activator protein-1 (AP1) for 24 hours after separation from APCs and up-regulate signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (Stat5) in the absence of APCs or exogenous signal 1; and (3) maintenance of these signals results in unique cytokine production. Collectively, our data support the unique concept that naive T cells sustain their activation by removing “antigen presentasome” (APS; eg, antigen-presenting complex) from APCs, thereby releasing the constraint of APC requirement for further activation. (Blood. 2005;105: 3238-3246)
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Melchionda F, Fry TJ, Milliron MJ, McKirdy MA, Tagaya Y, Mackall CL. Adjuvant IL-7 or IL-15 overcomes immunodominance and improves survival of the CD8+ memory cell pool. J Clin Invest 2005. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200523134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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