1
|
Malik KM, Zahoor I, Khalique A, Sahota AW, Basheer A. Expression profiling of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 genes in lung tissues of Aseel, Crossbred Naked neck, and White Leghorn chicken challenged with H9N2 Influenza virus. J HELL VET MED SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.12681/jhvms.28174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aseel and Naked neck are major chicken breeds of the tropics and well-known for their thermotolerance and robustness. However, both of them especially Aseel are very susceptible to Avian Influenza (AI) which cause huge mortalities. The role of cytokines in relation to the pathology and severity of the disease caused by the endemic strain (H9N2) of AIV in these breeds remained thus far unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of H9N2 AIV on the expression level of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in the lung tissues of Aseel, crossbred Naked Neck, and White Leghorn (WLH). In total 60 birds, 20 from each breed, were used in this study, whereas 30 birds (10 from each breed) were challenged intranasally with H9N2 virus with a concentration of 106 EID50 at 6wk of age and other half were treated as control. The lung tissues were sampled at 5th day post-infection to study the differential expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 using qRT-PCR. Our data revealed a significant difference (P<0.001) in the gene expression levels among all the breeds in response to viral challenge. It was also observed that after exposure to H9N2 virus, Aseel birds showed the highest increase in their expressions of interleukin (IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-8) genes followed by Naked Neck and WLH respectively suggesting greater susceptibility of Aseel to AIV compared with other breeds. However, these results are in agreement with the severity of disease and incidence of mortality caused by AI in these breeds.
Collapse
|
2
|
Affiliation(s)
- P.W. Vinny
- Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - M.V.P. Srivastava
- Professor & Head (Neurology), Chief Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Basheer
- Professor (Internal Medicine), DM Wayanad Institute of Medical Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - R.D.S. Pitceathly
- Medical Research Council (UK) Clinical Scientist, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - V.Y. Vishnu
- Assistant Professor (Neurology), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ho YL, Fauzi M, Sothee K, Basheer A. Diagnosis, impact and management of hyperhidrosis including endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. Med J Malaysia 2020; 75:555-560. [PMID: 32918426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperhidrosis is a disorder of excessive and uncontrollable sweating beyond the body's physiological needs. It can be categorised into primary or secondary hyperhidrosis based on its aetiology. Detailed history review including onset of symptoms, laterality of disease and family history are crucial which may suggest primary hyperhidrosis. Secondary causes such as neurological diseases, endocrine disorders, haematological malignancies, neuroendocrine tumours and drugs should be adequately examined and investigated prior to deciding on further management. The diagnosis of primary hyperhidrosis should only be made only after excluding secondary causes. Hyperhidrosis is a troublesome disorder that often results in social, professional, and psychological distress in sufferers. It remains, however, a treatment dilemma among some healthcare providers in this region. METHODS The medical records and clinical outcomes of 35 patients who underwent endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis from 2008 to 2018 in Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery were reviewed. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 27±10.1years, with male and female distribution of 18 and 17, respectively. Fifty-one percent of patients complained of palmar hyperhidrosis, while 35% of them had concurrent palmaraxillary and 14% had palmar-plantar-axillary hyperhidrosis. Our data showed that 77% (n=27) of patients were not investigated for secondary causes of hyperhidrosis, and they were not counselled on the non-surgical therapies. All patients underwent single-staged bilateral endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. There was resolution of symptoms in all 35 (100%) patients with palmar hyperhidrosis, 13(76%) patients with axillary hyperhidrosis and only 2 (50%) patients with plantar hyperhidrosis. Postoperatively 34.3% (n=12) of patients reported compensatory hyperhidrosis. There were no other complications such as pneumothorax, chylothorax, haemothorax and Horner's Syndrome. CONCLUSION Clinical evaluation of hyperhidrosis in local context has not been well described, which may inadvertently result in the delay of appropriate management, causing significant social and emotional embarrassment and impair the quality of life of the subjects. Detailed clinical assessment and appropriate timely treatment, be it surgical or non-surgical therapies, are crucial in managing this uncommon yet distressing disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y L Ho
- Hospital Pulau Pinang, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - M Fauzi
- Hospital Pulau Pinang, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Penang, Malaysia
| | - K Sothee
- Hospital Pulau Pinang, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Penang, Malaysia
| | - A Basheer
- Hospital Pulau Pinang, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Penang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ciszewski C, Discepolo V, Pacis A, Doerr N, Tastet O, Mayassi T, Maglio M, Basheer A, Al-Mawsawi LQ, Green P, Auricchio R, Troncone R, Waldmann TA, Azimi N, Tagaya Y, Barreiro LB, Jabri B. Identification of a γc Receptor Antagonist That Prevents Reprogramming of Human Tissue-resident Cytotoxic T Cells by IL15 and IL21. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:625-637.e13. [PMID: 31622625 PMCID: PMC7861144 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gamma chain (γc) cytokines (interleukin [IL]2, IL4, IL7, IL9, IL15, and IL21) signal via a common γc receptor. IL2 regulates the immune response, whereas IL21 and IL15 contribute to development of autoimmune disorders, including celiac disease. We investigated whether BNZ-2, a peptide designed to inhibit IL15 and IL21, blocks these cytokines selectively and its effects on intraepithelial cytotoxic T cells. METHODS We obtained duodenal biopsies from 9 patients with potential celiac disease (positive results from tests for anti-TG2 but no villous atrophy), 30 patients with untreated celiac disease (with villous atrophy), and 5 patients with treated celiac disease (on a gluten-free diet), as well as 43 individuals without celiac disease (controls). We stimulated primary intestinal intraepithelial CD8+ T-cell lines, or CD8+ T cells directly isolated from intestinal biopsies, with γc cytokines in presence or absence of BNZ-2. Cells were analyzed by immunoblots, flow cytometry, or RNA-sequencing analysis for phosphorylation of signaling molecules, gene expression profiles, proliferation, and levels of granzyme B. RESULTS Duodenal tissues from patients with untreated celiac disease had increased levels of messenger RNAs encoding IL15 receptor subunit alpha (IL15RA) and IL21 compared with tissues from patients with potential celiac disease and controls. Activation of intraepithelial cytotoxic T cells with IL15 or IL21 induced separate signaling pathways; incubation of the cells with IL15 and IL21 cooperatively increased their transcriptional activity, proliferation, and cytolytic properties. BNZ-2 specifically inhibited the effects of IL15 and IL21, but not of other γc cytokines. CONCLUSIONS We found increased expression of IL15RA and IL21 in duodenal tissues from patients with untreated celiac disease compared with controls. IL15 and IL21 cooperatively activated intestinal intraepithelial cytotoxic T cells. In particular, they increased their transcriptional activity, proliferation, and cytolytic activity. The peptide BNZ-2 blocked these effects, but not those of other γc cytokines, including IL2. BNZ-2 might be used to prevent cytotoxic T-cell-mediated tissue damage in complex immune disorders exhibiting upregulation of IL15 and IL21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alain Pacis
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nick Doerr
- Bioniz Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Toufic Mayassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mariantonia Maglio
- Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Peter Green
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renata Auricchio
- Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Thomas A. Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luis B. Barreiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Islam M, Basheer A, Javed K, Anjum A, Zahoor I. PCR-RFLP-based identification of polymorphisms in BMPR1B, GDF9 and BMP15 genes associated with litter size in Beetal and Teddy goats. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v49i4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
Frohna PA, Ratnayake A, Doerr N, Basheer A, Al-Mawsawi LQ, Kim WJ, Zapata JC, Wu X, Waldmann TA, Azimi N, Tagaya Y. Results From a First-in-Human Study of BNZ-1, a Selective Multicytokine Inhibitor Targeting Members of the Common Gamma (γc) Family of Cytokines. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 60:264-273. [PMID: 31465127 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic roles of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-9, and IL-15, have been implicated in multiple T-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. BNZ-1 is a selective and simultaneous inhibitor of IL-2, IL-9, and IL-15, which targets the common gamma chain signaling receptor subunit. In this first-in-human study, 18 healthy adults (n = 3/cohort) received an intravenous dose of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, or 6.4 mg/kg infused over ≤5 minutes on day 1 and were followed for 30 days for safety and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic sample collection. No dose-limiting toxicities, infusion reactions, or serious or severe treatment-emergent adverse events were observed. Headache was the only treatment-emergent adverse event in >1 subject (n = 3). Peak and total BNZ-1 exposure was generally dose proportional, with a terminal elimination half-life of ∼5 days. Pharmacodynamic effects of BNZ-1 on regulatory T cells (Tregs, IL-2), natural killer (NK) cells (IL-15) and CD8 central memory T cells (Tcm, IL-15) were measured by flow cytometry and used to demonstrate target engagement. For Tregs, 0.2 mg/kg was an inactive dose, while a maximum ∼50% to 60% decrease from baseline was observed on day 4 after doses of 0.4 to 1.6 mg/kg, and higher doses produced an 80% to 93% decrease from baseline on day 15. Similar pharmacodynamic trends were observed for natural killer cells and CD8 Tcm, although decreases in CD8 Tcm were more prolonged. These subpopulations returned to/toward baseline by day 31. T cells (total, CD4, and CD8), B cells, and monocytes were unchanged throughout. These preliminary results suggest that BNZ-1 safely and selectively inhibits IL-2 and IL-15, which results in robust, reversible immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nick Doerr
- Bioniz Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine, California, USA
| | | | | | - Woo Jae Kim
- Bioniz Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine, California, USA
| | - Juan C Zapata
- Institute for Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- Institute for Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nazli Azimi
- Bioniz Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine, California, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Institute for Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dsilva AA, Basheer A, Thomas K. Snake envenomation: is the 20 min whole blood clotting test (WBCT20) the optimum test for management? QJM 2019; 112:575-579. [PMID: 30918965 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 20 min whole blood clotting test (WBCT20) is a simple bedside test recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) to assess hemotoxic envenomation and guide administration of polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV). However, reliability and validity of this test has not been well documented in literature. METHODS Sixty consecutive patients with history of snake bite were prospectively evaluated at a teaching hospital in India over 2 years. Envenomation was established by clinical and laboratory criteria. WBCT20 was done at 0, 4 and 12 h using standardized protocol. Prothrombin time (PT) with international normalized ratio (INR) was estimated at similar intervals to detect venom-induced consumption coagulopathy. Sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios (LR) were determined for WBCT20 using envenomation criteria as gold standard. WBCT20 was compared with PT/INR at cutoff values of ≥1.4 and ≥1.2. Two observers performed test-retest correlation to determine inter-observer variability of WBCT20. RESULTS . UNLABELLED Seventeen of 60 patients had evidence of hemotoxic envenomation. Four patients had combined neurotoxicity and hemotoxicity. Sensitivity and specificity of WBCT20 were 94 and 76%; positive and negative LR were 3.9 and 0.08, respectively. No inter-observer variability was noted. CONCLUSIONS WBCT20 is a highly sensitive test with excellent reliability for detecting envenomation. However, the false positive rate in this study was 24%. Asymptomatic snake bite patients with a positive WBCT20 but no corresponding clinical signs of envenomation should be tested using PT/INR before receiving ASV to prevent unnecessary waste of anti-venom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Dsilva
- From the Department of General Medicine, PIMS Hospital, Pondicherry
| | - A Basheer
- From the Department of General Medicine, PIMS Hospital, Pondicherry
| | - K Thomas
- From the Department of General Medicine, PIMS Hospital, Pondicherry
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yassin M, Shedid M, El-Hameed HA, Basheer A. Heat transfer augmentation for annular flow due to rotation of inner finned pipe. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2018; 134:653-660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
9
|
Nata T, Basheer A, Cocchi F, van Besien R, Massoud R, Jacobson S, Azimi N, Tagaya Y. Targeting the binding interface on a shared receptor subunit of a cytokine family enables the inhibition of multiple member cytokines with selectable target spectrum. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:22338-51. [PMID: 26183780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The common γ molecule (γc) is a shared signaling receptor subunit used by six γc-cytokines. These cytokines play crucial roles in the differentiation of the mature immune system and are involved in many human diseases. Moreover, recent studies suggest that multiple γc-cytokines are pathogenically involved in a single disease, thus making the shared γc-molecule a logical target for therapeutic intervention. However, the current therapeutic strategies seem to lack options to treat such cases, partly because of the lack of appropriate neutralizing antibodies recognizing the γc and, more importantly, because of the inherent and practical limitations in the use of monoclonal antibodies. By targeting the binding interface of the γc and cytokines, we successfully designed peptides that not only inhibit multiple γc-cytokines but with a selectable target spectrum. Notably, the lead peptide inhibited three γc-cytokines without affecting the other three or non-γc-cytokines. Biological and mutational analyses of our peptide provide new insights to our current understanding on the structural aspect of the binding of γc-cytokines the γc-molecule. Furthermore, we provide evidence that our peptide, when conjugated to polyethylene glycol to gain stability in vivo, efficiently blocks the action of one of the target cytokines in animal models. Collectively, our technology can be expanded to target various combinations of γc-cytokines and thereby will provide a novel strategy to the current anti-cytokine therapies against immune, inflammatory, and malignant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Nata
- From the Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | | | - Fiorenza Cocchi
- From the Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Richard van Besien
- From the Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Raya Massoud
- the Section of Neuroimmunology, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20890
| | - Steven Jacobson
- the Section of Neuroimmunology, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20890
| | | | - Yutaka Tagaya
- From the Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Basheer A, Usman M, Akram M, Zahoor I. A Comparative Study of Production Performance and Egg Quality Parameters of Naked-Neck and Indigenous Aseel Chicken of Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.6000/1927-5129.2014.10.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
11
|
Basheer A, Asslan L, Rachhed A, Abd Alrazaq F, Saleh A, Alshadidi B, Assad R. Primary and secondary Hymenopteran parasitoids of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) in fruit orchards in Syria. EPPO Bull 2014; 44:47-56. [DOI: 10.1111/epp.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Basheer
- Department of plant protection; Faculty of Agriculture; Damascus University; Damascus P.O. Box: 30621 Syria
| | - L. Asslan
- Department of plant protection; Faculty of Agriculture; Damascus University; Damascus P.O. Box: 30621 Syria
| | - A. Rachhed
- Biological Control Studies and Research Center; Damascus University; Damascus P.O. Box: 30621 Syria
| | - F. Abd Alrazaq
- Biological Control Studies and Research Center; Damascus University; Damascus P.O. Box: 30621 Syria
| | - A. Saleh
- Biological Control Studies and Research Center; Damascus University; Damascus P.O. Box: 30621 Syria
| | - B. Alshadidi
- Biological Control Studies and Research Center; Damascus University; Damascus P.O. Box: 30621 Syria
| | - R. Assad
- Biological Control Studies and Research Center; Damascus University; Damascus P.O. Box: 30621 Syria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cho I, Tsai PF, Lake RJ, Basheer A, Fan HY. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling by Cockayne syndrome protein B and NAP1-like histone chaperones is required for efficient transcription-coupled DNA repair. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003407. [PMID: 23637612 PMCID: PMC3630089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cockayne syndrome complementation group B (CSB) protein is essential for transcription-coupled DNA repair, and mutations in CSB are associated with Cockayne syndrome—a devastating disease with complex clinical features, including the appearance of premature aging, sun sensitivity, and numerous neurological and developmental defects. CSB belongs to the SWI2/SNF2 ATP–dependent chromatin remodeler family, but the extent to which CSB remodels chromatin and whether this activity is utilized in DNA repair is unknown. Here, we show that CSB repositions nucleosomes in an ATP–dependent manner in vitro and that this activity is greatly enhanced by the NAP1-like histone chaperones, which we identify as new CSB–binding partners. By mapping functional domains and analyzing CSB derivatives, we demonstrate that chromatin remodeling by the combined activities of CSB and the NAP1-like chaperones is required for efficient transcription-coupled DNA repair. Moreover, we show that chromatin remodeling and repair protein recruitment mediated by CSB are separable activities. The collaboration that we observed between CSB and the NAP1-like histone chaperones adds a new dimension to our understanding of the ways in which ATP–dependent chromatin remodelers and histone chaperones can regulate chromatin structure. Taken together, the results of this study offer new insights into the functions of chromatin remodeling by CSB in transcription-coupled DNA repair as well as the underlying mechanisms of Cockayne syndrome. Cockayne syndrome is a devastating inherited disease; the average life span of those afflicted is 12 years. Cockayne syndrome patients have features of premature aging, are highly sensitive to sunlight, and suffer from numerous developmental and neurological disorders. The majority of Cockayne syndrome patients have mutations in the CSB protein; however, how these mutations can lead to Cockayne syndrome is largely unknown. CSB is essential for transcription-coupled DNA repair—a process that preferentially removes bulky DNA lesions that stall transcription, such as those created by ultraviolet light. In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, which consists of DNA wrapped around a set of core histone proteins, and nucleosomes can create barriers to the DNA repair process. In this study, we found that CSB can slide histones along DNA. We also found that histone chaperones, proteins that accept and donate histones, greatly facilitate this process. Importantly, we show that CSB derivatives that are unable to move nucleosomes or collaborate with histone chaperones cannot repair UV-induced DNA lesions. Our study reveals that nucleosome remodeling by CSB is important for transcription-coupled DNA repair and suggests that an inability to efficiently mobilize nucleosomes might contribute to the underlying mechanism of Cockayne syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iltaeg Cho
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Pei-Fang Tsai
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Lake
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Asjad Basheer
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hua-Ying Fan
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Basheer A, Asslan L, Abd Al-razzaq F, Saleh A, Alshadidi B, Mohammad E. Parasitoids belonging to the genus AphytisHoward (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in Citrus orchards in Lattakia, Syria. EPPO Bull 2012; 42:580-584. [DOI: 10.1111/epp.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Basheer
- Biological Control Study& Research Center (BCSRC); Faculty of Agriculture; Damascus University; Damascus; Syria
| | - L. Asslan
- Biological Control Study& Research Center (BCSRC); Faculty of Agriculture; Damascus University; Damascus; Syria
| | - F. Abd Al-razzaq
- Biological Control Study& Research Center (BCSRC); Faculty of Agriculture; Damascus University; Damascus; Syria
| | - A. Saleh
- Biological Control Study& Research Center (BCSRC); Faculty of Agriculture; Damascus University; Damascus; Syria
| | - B. Alshadidi
- Biological Control Study& Research Center (BCSRC); Faculty of Agriculture; Damascus University; Damascus; Syria
| | - E. Mohammad
- Mass Rearing Natural Enemies Center; Ministry of Agriculture; Latakia; Syria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The Cockayne syndrome complementation group B (CSB) protein is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler with an essential function in transcription-coupled DNA repair, and mutations in the CSB gene are associated with Cockayne syndrome. The p53 tumor suppressor has been known to interact with CSB, and both proteins have been implicated in overlapping biological processes, such as DNA repair and aging. The significance of the interaction between CSB and p53 has remained unclear, however. Here, we show that the chromatin association of CSB and p53 is inversely related. Using in vitro binding and chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches, we demonstrate that CSB facilitates the sequence-independent association of p53 with chromatin when p53 concentrations are low and that this is achieved by the interaction of CSB with the C-terminal region of p53. Remarkably, p53 prevents CSB from binding to nucleosomes when p53 concentrations are elevated. Examining the enzymatic properties of CSB revealed that p53 excludes CSB from nucleosomes by occluding a nucleosome interaction surface on CSB. Together, our results suggest that the reciprocal regulation of chromatin access by CSB and p53 could be part of a mechanism by which these two proteins coordinate their activities to regulate DNA repair, cell survival, and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Lake
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reyes-Dominguez Y, Bok JW, Berger H, Shwab EK, Basheer A, Gallmetzer A, Scazzocchio C, Keller N, Strauss J. Heterochromatic marks are associated with the repression of secondary metabolism clusters in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Microbiol 2010; 76:1376-86. [PMID: 20132440 PMCID: PMC2904488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fungal secondary metabolites are important bioactive compounds but the conditions leading to expression of most of the putative secondary metabolism (SM) genes predicted by fungal genomics are unknown. Here we describe a novel mechanism involved in SM-gene regulation based on the finding that, in Aspergillus nidulans, mutants lacking components involved in heterochromatin formation show de-repression of genes involved in biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin (ST), penicillin and terrequinone A. During the active growth phase, the silent ST gene cluster is marked by histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation and contains high levels of the heterochromatin protein-1 (HepA). Upon growth arrest and activation of SM, HepA and trimethylated H3K9 levels decrease concomitantly with increasing levels of acetylated histone H3. SM-specific chromatin modifications are restricted to genes located inside the ST cluster, and constitutive heterochromatic marks persist at loci immediately outside the cluster. LaeA, a global activator of SM clusters in fungi, counteracts the establishment of heterochromatic marks. Thus, one level of regulation of the A. nidulans ST cluster employs epigenetic control by H3K9 methylation and HepA binding to establish a repressive chromatin structure and LaeA is involved in reversal of this heterochromatic signature inside the cluster, but not in that of flanking genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazmid Reyes-Dominguez
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) and University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU) ViennaAustria,Institute de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-SudUMR 8621 CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Jin Woo Bok
- Department of Plant Pathology, Department of Bacteriology and Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUW-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Harald Berger
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) and University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU) ViennaAustria
| | - E Keats Shwab
- Department of Plant Pathology, Department of Bacteriology and Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUW-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Asjad Basheer
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) and University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU) ViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Gallmetzer
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) and University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU) ViennaAustria
| | - Claudio Scazzocchio
- Institute de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-SudUMR 8621 CNRS, Orsay, France
| | - Nancy Keller
- Department of Plant Pathology, Department of Bacteriology and Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUW-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) and University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU) ViennaAustria,*E-mail ; Tel. (+43) 1 36006 6720; Fax (+43) 1 36006 6392
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Basheer A, Berger H, Reyes-Dominguez Y, Gorfer M, Strauss J. A library-based method to rapidly analyse chromatin accessibility at multiple genomic regions. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:e42. [PMID: 19251760 PMCID: PMC2665225 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional chromatin analysis methods only test one locus at the time or use different templates for each locus, making a standardized analysis of large genomic regions or many co-regulated genes at different loci a difficult task. On the other hand, genome-wide high-resolution mapping of chromatin accessibility employing massive parallel sequencing platforms generates an extensive data set laborious to analyse and is a cost-intensive method, only applicable to the analysis of a limited set of biological samples. To close this gap between the traditional and the high-throughput procedures we have developed a method in which a condition-specific, genome-wide chromatin fragment library is produced and then used for locus-specific DNA fragment analysis. To validate the method, we used, as a test locus, the well-studied promoter of the divergently transcribed niiA and niaD genes coding for nitrate assimilation enzymes in Aspergillus. Additionally, we have used the condition-specific libraries to study nucleosomal positioning at two different loci, the promoters of the general nitrogen regulator areA and the regulator of secondary metabolism, aflR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asjad Basheer
- Austrian Research Centers, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, BOKU University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Berger H, Basheer A, Böck S, Reyes-Dominguez Y, Dalik T, Altmann F, Strauss J. Dissecting individual steps of nitrogen transcription factor cooperation in the Aspergillus nidulans nitrate cluster. Mol Microbiol 2008; 69:1385-98. [PMID: 18673441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY In the ascomycete fungus Aspergillus nidulans, the transcriptional activation of nitrate assimilating genes (niiA, niaD) depends on the cooperativity between a general nitrogen status-sensing regulator (the GATA factor AreA) and a pathway-specific activator (the Zn-cluster regulator NirA). Because nitrate assimilation leads to intracellular ammonium formation, it is difficult to determine the individual contributions of NirA and AreA in this complex activation/inactivation process. In an attempt to find a suitable marker for the nitrogen status sensed by AreA, we determined the intracellular free amino acid levels on different nitrogen growth conditions. We show that the amount of glutamine (Gln) inversely correlates with all known AreA activities. We find that AreA mediates chromatin remodelling by increasing histone H3 acetylation, a process triggered by transcriptional activation and, independently of transcription, by nitrogen starvation. NirA also participates in the chromatin opening process during nitrate induction but its function is not related to histone acetylation. This chromatin remodelling function of NirA is dispensable only in nitrogen-starved cells, conditions that lead to elevated AreA chromatin occupancy and histone H3 hyperacetylation. Continuous nitrate assimilation leads to self-nitrogen metabolite repression but nitrate-activated NirA is partially compensating for lowered AreA activities under these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Berger
- Fungal Genomics Unit, Austrian Research Centers, Tech Gate Vienna, Donau-City-Strasse 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|