1
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Nosik DN, Kalnina LB, Selimova LM, Pronin AV. Higher Infectivity of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Sensitive Cells with a Modification of the CCR5 Gene. Dokl Biol Sci 2023; 511:251-254. [PMID: 37833581 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
As a natural mutation of the human ccr5 gene has been shown to confer resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, a new avenue has opened in the development of alternative treatment approaches through genome editing. One of the two chemokine co-receptors of the plasma membrane is utilized by HIV-1 to infect CD4+ cells. HIV-1 strains that utilize CCR5 circulate in early infection, and strains that utilize CXCR4 circulate at advanced stages. A complex relationship may exist in the expression regulation of the receptors and may affect virus replication in cells that normally do not express CCR5 on the membrane, such as the MT-4 cell line. MT-4 cells were used to study the effect of ccr5 modification HIV-1 replication in vitro. Genetic modification of ccr5 in MT-4 cells was shown to increase the activities of HIV-1 strains, especially in homozygote. The results indicate that genome editing should be performed with caution in human cells and that the issue needs comprehensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Nosik
- Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - L B Kalnina
- Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - L M Selimova
- Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Pronin
- Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Azizi H, Knapp JP, Li Y, Berger A, Lafrance MA, Pedersen J, de la Vega MA, Racine T, Kang CY, Mann JFS, Dikeakos JD, Kobinger G, Arts EJ. Optimal Expression, Function, and Immunogenicity of an HIV-1 Vaccine Derived from the Approved Ebola Vaccine, rVSV-ZEBOV. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050977. [PMID: 37243081 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) remains an attractive platform for a potential HIV-1 vaccine but hurdles remain, such as selection of a highly immunogenic HIV-1 Envelope (Env) with a maximal surface expression on recombinant rVSV particles. An HIV-1 Env chimera with the transmembrane domain (TM) and cytoplasmic tail (CT) of SIVMac239 results in high expression on the approved Ebola vaccine, rVSV-ZEBOV, also harboring the Ebola Virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP). Codon-optimized (CO) Env chimeras derived from a subtype A primary isolate (A74) are capable of entering a CD4+/CCR5+ cell line, inhibited by HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies PGT121, VRC01, and the drug, Maraviroc. The immunization of mice with the rVSV-ZEBOV carrying the CO A74 Env chimeras results in anti-Env antibody levels as well as neutralizing antibodies 200-fold higher than with the NL4-3 Env-based construct. The novel, functional, and immunogenic chimeras of CO A74 Env with the SIV_Env-TMCT within the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine are now being tested in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiva Azizi
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1N 5A2, Canada
| | - Jason P Knapp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Alice Berger
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marc-Alexandre Lafrance
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jannie Pedersen
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine de la Vega
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Trina Racine
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Chil-Yong Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jamie F S Mann
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, BS40 5DU Bristol, UK
| | - Jimmy D Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Eric J Arts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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3
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Orlova OV, Glazkova DV, Mintaev RR, Tsyganova GM, Urusov FA, Shipulin GA, Bogoslovskaya EV. Comparative Evaluation of the Activity of Various Lentiviral Vectors Containing Three Anti-HIV Genes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041053. [PMID: 37110476 PMCID: PMC10141122 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A promising direction in the treatment of HIV infection is a gene therapy approach based on the insertion of antiviral genes aimed at inhibiting HIV replication into the genome of host cells. We obtained six constructs of lentiviral vectors with different arrangements of three antiviral genes: microRNAs against the CCR5 gene, the gene encoding the C-peptide, and the gene encoding the modified human TRIM5a protein. We found that despite containing the same genes, these vectors were produced at different titers and had different effects on cell viability, transduction efficiency, and expression stability. Comparative evaluation of the antiviral activity of three of the six developed vectors that showed stable expression was carried out using the continuous SupT1 lymphocytic cell line. All of the vectors protected cells from HIV infection: the viral load was several orders of magnitude lower than in control cells, and with one vector, complete cessation of virus growth in modified cells was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vladimirovna Orlova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks" of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dina Viktorovna Glazkova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks" of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ramil Rafailovich Mintaev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks" of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Mikhailovna Tsyganova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks" of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Felix Anatolevich Urusov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks" of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - German Alexandrovich Shipulin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks" of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Vladimirovna Bogoslovskaya
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks" of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Chen HC. The Dynamic Linkage between Provirus Integration Sites and the Host Functional Genome Property Alongside HIV-1 Infections Associated with Antiretroviral Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11. [PMID: 36851277 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The HIV-1 latent reservoir harboring replication-competent proviruses is the major barrier in the quest for an HIV-1 infection cure. HIV-1 infection at all stages of disease progression is associated with immune activation and dysfunctional production of proinflammatory soluble factors (cytokines and chemokines), and it is expected that during HIV-1 infection, different immune components and immune cells, in turn, participate in immune responses, subsequently activating downstream biological pathways. However, the functional interaction between HIV-1 integration and the activation of host biological pathways is presently not fully understood. (2) Methods: In this work, I used genes targeted by proviruses from published datasets to seek enriched immunologic signatures and host biological pathways alongside HIV-1 infections based on MSigDb and KEGG over-representation analysis. (3) Results: I observed that different combinations of immunologic signatures of immune cell types and proinflammatory soluble factors appeared alongside HIV-1 infections associated with antiretroviral therapy. Moreover, enriched KEGG pathways were often related to "cancer specific types", "immune system", "infectious disease viral", and "signal transduction". (4) Conclusions: The observations in this work suggest that the gene sets harboring provirus integration sites may define specific immune cells and proinflammatory soluble factors during HIV-1 infections associated with antiretroviral therapy.
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5
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Stoddart CA, Curreli F, Horrigan S, Altieri A, Kurkin AV, Debnath AK. Comparative Pharmacokinetics of a Dual Inhibitor of HIV-1, NBD-14189, in Rats and Dogs with a Proof-of-Concept Evaluation of Antiviral Potency in SCID-hu Mouse Model. Viruses 2022; 14:2268. [PMID: 36298823 DOI: 10.3390/v14102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We earlier reported substantial progress in designing gp120 antagonists. Notably, we discovered that NBD-14189 is not only the most active gp120 antagonist but also shows antiviral activity against HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT). We also confirmed its binding to HIV-1 RT by X-ray crystallography. The dual inhibition is highly significant because, intriguingly, this compound bridges the dNTP and NNRTI-binding sites and inhibits the polymerase activity of isolated RT in the enzymatic assay. This novel finding is expected to lead to new avenues in designing a novel class of HIV-1 dual inhibitors. Therefore, we needed to advance this inhibitor to preclinical assessment. To this end, we report the pharmacokinetics (PK) study of NBD-14189 in rats and dogs. Subsequently, we assessed the toxicity and therapeutic efficacy in vivo in the SCID-hu Thy/Liv mouse model. The PK data indicated a favorable half-life (t1/2) and excellent oral bioavailability (%F = 61%). NBD-14189 did not show any measurable toxicity in the mice, and treatment reduced HIV replication at 300 mg/kg per day in the absence of clear evidence of protection from HIV-mediated human thymocyte depletion. The data indicated the potential of this inhibitor as an anti-HIV-1 agent and needs to be assessed in a non-human primate (NHP) model.
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6
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Avdoshina DV, Kondrashova AS, Belikova MG, Bayurova EO. [Murine Models of Chronic Viral Infections and Associated Cancers]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2022; 56:710-731. [PMID: 36165012 DOI: 10.31857/s0026898422050020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are now recognized as bona fide etiologic factors of human cancer. Carcinogenic viruses include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1, indirectly), and several candidate human cancer viruses. It is estimated that 15% of all human tumors worldwide are caused by viruses. Tumor viruses establish long-term persistent infections in humans, and cancer is an accidental side effect of viral replication strategies. Viruses are usually not complete carcinogens, supporting the concept that cancer results from the accumulation of multiple cooperating events, in which human cancer viruses display different, often opposing roles. The laboratory mouse Mus musculus is one of the best in vivo experimental systems for modeling human pathology, including viral infections and cancer. However, mice are unsusceptible to infection with the known carcinogenic viruses. Many murine models were developed to overcome this limitation and to address various aspects of virus-associated carcinogenesis, from tumors resulting from xenografts of human tissues and cells, including cancerous and virus infected, to genetically engineered mice susceptible to viral infections and associated cancer. The review considers the main existing models, analyzes their advantages and drawbacks, describes their applications, outlines the prospects of their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Avdoshina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 108819 Russia
| | - A S Kondrashova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 108819 Russia
| | - M G Belikova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 108819 Russia
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098 Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198 Russia
| | - E O Bayurova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 108819 Russia
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098 Russia
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7
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Zhang J, Li Q, Kawashima SA, Nasr M, Xue F, Zhao RY. Improving Drug Sensitivity of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors by Restriction of Cellular Efflux System in a Fission Yeast Model. Pathogens 2022; 11:804. [PMID: 35890048 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fission yeast can be used as a cell-based system for high-throughput drug screening. However, higher drug concentrations are often needed to achieve the same effect as in mammalian cells. Our goal here was to improve drug sensitivity so reduced drugs could be used. Three different methods affecting drug uptakes were tested using an FDA-approved HIV-1 protease inhibitor (PI) drug Darunavir (DRV). First, we tested whether spheroplasts without cell walls increase the drug sensitivity. Second, we examined whether electroporation could be used. Although small improvements were observed, neither of these two methods showed significant increase in the EC50 values of DRV compared with the traditional method. In contrast, when DRV was tested in a mutant strain PR836 that lacks key proteins regulating cellular efflux, a significant increase in the EC50 was observed. A comparison of nine FDA-approved HIV-1 PI drugs between the wild-type RE294 strain and the mutant PR836 strain showed marked enhancement of the drug sensitivities ranging from an increase of 0.56 log to 2.48 logs. Therefore, restricting cellular efflux through the adaption of the described fission yeast mutant strain enhances the drug sensitivity, reduces the amount of drug used, and increases the chance of success in future drug discovery.
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8
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Herrmann D, Hanson HM, Zhou LW, Addabbo R, Willkomm NA, Angert I, Mueller JD, Mansky LM, Saad JS. Molecular Determinants of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Gag Targeting to the Plasma Membrane for Assembly. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167609. [PMID: 35490898 PMCID: PMC10557380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) particles is initiated by the trafficking of virally encoded Gag polyproteins to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM). Gag-PM interactions are mediated by the matrix (MA) domain, which contains a myristoyl group (myr) and a basic patch formed by lysine and arginine residues. For many retroviruses, Gag-PM interactions are mediated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]; however, previous studies suggested that HTLV-1 Gag-PM interactions and therefore virus assembly are less dependent on PI(4,5)P2. We have recently shown that PI(4,5)P2 binds directly to HTLV-1 unmyristoylated MA [myr(-)MA] and that myr(-)MA binding to membranes is significantly enhanced by inclusion of phosphatidylserine (PS) and PI(4,5)P2. Herein, we employed structural, biophysical, biochemical, mutagenesis, and cell-based assays to identify residues involved in MA-membrane interactions. Our data revealed that the lysine-rich motif (Lys47, Lys48, and Lys51) constitutes the primary PI(4,5)P2-binding site. Furthermore, we show that arginine residues 3, 7, 14 and 17 located in the unstructured N-terminus are essential for MA binding to membranes containing PS and/or PI(4,5)P2. Substitution of lysine and arginine residues severely attenuated virus-like particle production, but only the lysine residues could be clearly correlated with reduced PM binding. These results support a mechanism by which HTLV-1 Gag targeting to the PM is mediated by a trio engagement of the myr group, Arg-rich and Lys-rich motifs. These findings advance our understanding of a key step in retroviral particle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Herrmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Heather M Hanson
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Lynne W Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Rayna Addabbo
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Nora A Willkomm
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Isaac Angert
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Joachim D Mueller
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Louis M Mansky
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Jamil S Saad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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9
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Avdoshina DV, Kondrashova AS, Belikova MG, Bayurova EO. Murine Models of Chronic Viral Infections and Associated Cancers. Mol Biol 2022; 56:649-667. [PMID: 36217336 PMCID: PMC9534466 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322050028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are now recognized as bona fide etiologic factors of human cancer. Carcinogenic viruses include Epstein– Barr virus (EBV), high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1, indirectly), and several candidate human cancer viruses. It is estimated that 15% of all human tumors worldwide are caused by viruses. Tumor viruses establish long-term persistent infections in humans, and cancer is an accidental side effect of viral replication strategies. Viruses are usually not complete carcinogens, supporting the concept that cancer results from the accumulation of multiple cooperating events, in which human cancer viruses display different, often opposing roles. The laboratory mouse Mus musculus is one of the best in vivo experimental systems for modeling human pathology, including viral infections and cancer. However, mice are unsusceptible to infection with the known carcinogenic viruses. Many murine models were developed to overcome this limitation and to address various aspects of virus-associated carcinogenesis, from tumors resulting from xenografts of human tissues and cells, including cancerous and virus infected, to genetically engineered mice susceptible to viral infections and associated cancer. The review considers the main existing models, analyzes their advantages and drawbacks, describes their applications, outlines the prospects of their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Avdoshina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute), 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. S. Kondrashova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute), 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - M. G. Belikova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute), 108819 Moscow, Russia ,Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia ,Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - E. O. Bayurova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute), 108819 Moscow, Russia ,Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Herrmann D, Zhou LW, Hanson HM, Willkomm NA, Mansky LM, Saad JS. Structural Insights into the Mechanism of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Gag Targeting to the Plasma Membrane for Assembly. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167161. [PMID: 34298060 PMCID: PMC8453114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Retroviral Gag targeting to the plasma membrane (PM) for assembly is mediated by the N-terminal matrix (MA) domain. For many retroviruses, Gag-PM interaction is dependent on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). However, it has been shown that for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), Gag binding to membranes is less dependent on PI(4,5)P2 than HIV-1, suggesting that other factors may modulate Gag assembly. To elucidate the mechanism by which HTLV-1 Gag binds to the PM, we employed NMR techniques to determine the structure of unmyristoylated MA (myr(-)MA) and to characterize its interactions with lipids and liposomes. The MA structure consists of four α-helices and unstructured N- and C-termini. We show that myr(-)MA binds to PI(4,5)P2 via the polar head and that binding to inositol phosphates (IPs) is significantly enhanced by increasing the number of phosphate groups on the inositol ring, indicating that the MA-IP binding is governed by charge-charge interactions. The IP binding site was mapped to a well-defined basic patch formed by lysine and arginine residues. Using an NMR-based liposome binding assay, we show that PI(4,5)P2and phosphatidylserine enhance myr(-)MA binding in a synergistic fashion. Confocal microscopy data revealed formation of puncta on the PM of Gag expressing cells. However, G2A-Gag mutant, lacking myristoylation, is diffuse and cytoplasmic. These results suggest that although myr(-)MA binds to membranes, myristoylation appears to be key for formation of HTLV-1 Gag puncta on the PM. Altogether, these findings advance our understanding of a key mechanism in retroviral assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Herrmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lynne W Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Heather M Hanson
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nora A Willkomm
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Louis M Mansky
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jamil S Saad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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11
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Zhang J, Vernon K, Li Q, Benko Z, Amoroso A, Nasr M, Zhao RY. Single-Agent and Fixed-Dose Combination HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Drugs in Fission Yeast ( Schizosaccharomyces pombe). Pathogens 2021; 10:804. [PMID: 34202872 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful combination antiretroviral therapies (cART) eliminate active replicating HIV-1, slow down disease progression, and prolong lives. However, cART effectiveness could be compromised by the emergence of viral multidrug resistance, suggesting the need for new drug discoveries. The objective of this study was to further demonstrate the utility of the fission yeast cell-based systems that we developed previously for the discovery and testing of HIV protease (PR) inhibitors (PIs) against wild-type or multi-PI drug resistant M11PR that we isolated from an infected individual. All thirteen FDA-approved single-agent and fixed-dose combination HIV PI drugs were tested. The effect of these drugs on HIV PR activities was tested in pure compounds or formulation drugs. All FDA-approved PI drugs, except for a prodrug FPV, were able to suppress the wild-type PR-induced cellular and enzymatic activities. Relative drug potencies measured by EC50 in fission yeast were discussed in comparison with those measured in human cells. In contrast, none of the FDA-approved drugs suppressed the multi-PI drug resistant M11PR activities. Results of this study show that fission yeast is a reliable cell-based system for the discovery and testing of HIV PIs and further demonstrate the need for new PI drugs against viral multi-PI resistance.
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12
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Chung CH, Allen AG, Atkins A, Link RW, Nonnemacher MR, Dampier W, Wigdahl B. Computational Design of gRNAs Targeting Genetic Variants Across HIV-1 Subtypes for CRISPR-Mediated Antiviral Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:593077. [PMID: 33768011 PMCID: PMC7985454 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.593077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based HIV-1 genome editing has shown promising outcomes in in vitro and in vivo viral infection models. However, existing HIV-1 sequence variants have been shown to reduce CRISPR-mediated efficiency and induce viral escape. Two metrics, global patient coverage and global subtype coverage, were used to identify guide RNA (gRNA) sequences that account for this viral diversity from the perspectives of cross-patient and cross-subtype gRNA design, respectively. Computational evaluation using these parameters and over 3.6 million possible 20-bp sequences resulted in nine lead gRNAs, two of which were previously published. This analysis revealed the benefit and necessity of considering all sequence variants for gRNA design. Of the other seven identified novel gRNAs, two were of note as they targeted interesting functional regions. One was a gRNA predicted to induce structural disruption in the nucleocapsid binding site (Ψ), which holds the potential to stop HIV-1 replication during the viral genome packaging process. The other was a reverse transcriptase (RT)-targeting gRNA that was predicted to cleave the subdomain responsible for dNTP incorporation. CRISPR-mediated sequence edits were predicted to occur on critical residues where HIV-1 has been shown to develop resistance against antiretroviral therapy (ART), which may provide additional evolutionary pressure at the DNA level. Given these observations, consideration of broad-spectrum gRNAs and cross-subtype diversity for gRNA design is not only required for the development of generalizable CRISPR-based HIV-1 therapy, but also helps identify optimal target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexander G. Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Atkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robert W. Link
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael R. Nonnemacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Will Dampier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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13
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Eastep GN, Ghanam RH, Green TJ, Saad JS. Structural characterization of HIV-1 matrix mutants implicated in envelope incorporation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100321. [PMID: 33485964 PMCID: PMC7952133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the late phase of HIV-1 infection, viral Gag polyproteins are targeted to the plasma membrane (PM) for assembly. Gag localization at the PM is a prerequisite for the incorporation of the envelope protein (Env) into budding particles. Gag assembly and Env incorporation are mediated by the N-terminal myristoylated matrix (MA) domain of Gag. Nonconservative mutations in the trimer interface of MA (A45E, T70R, and L75G) were found to impair Env incorporation and infectivity, leading to the hypothesis that MA trimerization is an obligatory step for Env incorporation. Conversely, Env incorporation can be rescued by a compensatory mutation in the MA trimer interface (Q63R). The impact of these MA mutations on the structure and trimerization properties of MA is not known. In this study, we employed NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and sedimentation techniques to characterize the structure and trimerization properties of HIV-1 MA A45E, Q63R, T70R, and L75G mutant proteins. NMR data revealed that these point mutations did not alter the overall structure and folding of MA but caused minor structural perturbations in the trimer interface. Analytical ultracentrifugation data indicated that mutations had a minimal effect on the MA monomer–trimer equilibrium. The high-resolution X-ray structure of the unmyristoylated MA Q63R protein revealed hydrogen bonding between the side chains of adjacent Arg-63 and Ser-67 on neighboring MA molecules, providing the first structural evidence for an additional intermolecular interaction in the trimer interface. These findings advance our knowledge of the interplay of MA trimerization and Env incorporation into HIV-1 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar N Eastep
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ruba H Ghanam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Todd J Green
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jamil S Saad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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14
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Ríos SC, Colón Sáez JO, Quesada O, Figueroa KQ, Lasalde Dominicci JA. Disruption of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory response by R5-tropic HIV-1 protein gp120 JRFL. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100618. [PMID: 33811859 PMCID: PMC8102909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite current pharmacological intervention strategies, patients with HIV still suffer from chronic inflammation. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely distributed throughout the nervous and immune systems. In macrophages, activation of alpha7-nAChR (α7-nAChR) controls inflammatory processes through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory response (CAR). Given that this innate immune response controls inflammation and α7-nAChR plays a critical role in the regulation of systemic inflammation, we investigated the effects of an R5-tropic HIV soluble component, gp120JRFL, on the CAR functioning. We previously demonstrated that X4-tropic HIV-1 gp120IIIB disrupts the CAR as well as inducing upregulation of the α7-nAChR in vitro in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), which correlates with the upregulation observed in monocytes, T-lymphocytes, and MDMs recovered from HIV-infected people. We demonstrate here using imaging and molecular assays that the R5-tropic HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120JRFL upregulates the α7-nAChR in MDMs dependent on CD4 and/or CCR5 activation. This upregulation was also dependent on MEK1 since its inhibition attenuates the upregulation of α7-nAChR induced by gp120JRFL and was concomitant with an increase in basal calcium levels, which did not result in apoptosis. Moreover, the CAR was determined to be disrupted, since α7-nAChR activation in MDMs did not reduce the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, GRO-α, or I-309. Furthermore, a partial antagonist of α7-nAChR, bupropion, rescued IL-6 but not GRO-α or I-309 production. Together, these results demonstrate that gp120JRFL disrupts the CAR in MDMs. Other medications targeting the α7-nAChR need to be tested to reactivate the CAR to ameliorate inflammation in HIV-infected subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonnieliz Cotto Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - José O Colón Sáez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Orestes Quesada
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | - José A Lasalde Dominicci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA; Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA; Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Science Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA; Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.
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15
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Deng X, Liu J, Li J, Yang B, Shu Y, Zhang M, Dong X. Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug-Resistance Genotypes Among Unique Recombinant Forms from Yunnan Province, China in 2016-2017. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2020; 36:389-398. [PMID: 31914782 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of drug-resistance genotypes among unique recombinant forms (URFs) in HIV-1 infected people under long-term antiretroviral treatment failure from Yunnan Province. The plasma samples were collected from antiretroviral therapy (ART)-failure experienced individuals from 2016 to 2017 in Yunnan Province, China. The genotyping drug resistance of HIV-1 pol gene fragments was implemented using in-house assay. According to the analysis of RIP and MEGA 7.0, the HIV-1 strains related to URFs were screened for recombinant identification and drug resistance analysis. A total of 130 pol sequences of HIV-1 URF strains were obtained from 1,121 samples. The proportion of HIV-1 URF strains was 11.6% among the ART-failure individuals from 2016 to 2017 in Yunnan. The overall drug-resistance rate of HIV-1 URF strains was 56.9%. Meanwhile, the percentage of protease inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) resistance was 3.8% (5/130), 36.2% (47/130), and 53.8% (70/130), respectively. Mutations such as M184V/I (35.4%) in NRTIs and K103N/R/S/T (25.4%), V179D/E/T/Y (18.9%), G190A/E/R/S (13.8%), and Y181C (9.2%) in NNRTIs were common among the HIV-1 URF strains relative to other mutations. Factors such as male, sexual transmission pathway, and source of the year 2017 were significantly correlated with the development of HIV-1 URF drug resistance. The emergence of the multiple recombinant forms identified in Yunnan indicates active transmission networks of HIV-1 of different HIV-1 subtype/circulating recombinant forms cross-infection in this region. Therefore, it is necessary to further monitor the molecular epidemiology and drug resistance of HIV-1 in Yunnan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Deng
- Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiafa Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianjian Li
- Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bihui Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanlu Shu
- Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingqi Dong
- Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Yunnan AIDS Care Center (YNACC), Kunming, Yunnan, China
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16
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Larouche A, Milton McSween KA, Calderon V, Fauteux-Daniel S, Boulais J, Ransy DG, Boucher M, Lamarre V, Lapointe N, Boucoiran I, Money DM, Krajden M, Le Campion A, Soudeyns H. Quasispecies Diversity Is a Major Risk Factor for Vertical Hepatitis C Virus Transmission. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:760-771. [PMID: 30365007 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertical transmission is the major cause of pediatric hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The objective of this study was to better understand HCV pathogenesis in pregnant women and provide insights into risk factors and mechanisms involved in vertical transmission. METHODS Evolutionary dynamics of HCV variant spectra and HCV-specific neutralizing antibody responses were examined using high-throughput sequencing and pseudoparticle-based assays in pregnant women monoinfected with HCV (n = 17) or coinfected with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 (n = 15). RESULTS Overall, statistically significant associations were found between HCV quasispecies diversity, selective pressure exerted on the HCV E2 envelope protein, and neutralizing activity of maternal immunoglobulins. Women with low quasispecies diversity displayed significantly higher mean aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels throughout pregnancy, but this difference was restricted to monoinfected participants. Low quasispecies diversity and inefficient neutralizing activity were also significantly associated with vertical transmission, but only in the monoinfected group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that maternal neutralizing antibody responses play a role in the prevention of vertical HCV transmission, but not in presence of HIV-1 coinfection, and suggest that the mechanism of vertical transmission may be different between monoinfected and coinfected women. These findings could inform management strategies for the prevention of vertical HCV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Larouche
- Unité immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Kimberly-Ann Milton McSween
- Unité immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Virginie Calderon
- Unité immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Informatics and Operations Research, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Sébastien Fauteux-Daniel
- Unité immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Jonathan Boulais
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Doris G Ransy
- Unité immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Marc Boucher
- Centre maternel et infatile sur le SIDA, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec.,Departement of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Valérie Lamarre
- Centre maternel et infatile sur le SIDA, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Normand Lapointe
- Centre maternel et infatile sur le SIDA, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boucoiran
- Centre maternel et infatile sur le SIDA, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec.,Departement of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Mel Krajden
- BC Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Armelle Le Campion
- Unité immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Hugo Soudeyns
- Unité immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
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17
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Hillebrand F, Ostermann PN, Müller L, Degrandi D, Erkelenz S, Widera M, Pfeffer K, Schaal H. Gymnotic Delivery of LNA Mixmers Targeting Viral SREs Induces HIV-1 mRNA Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051088. [PMID: 30832397 PMCID: PMC6429378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription of the HIV-1 provirus generates a viral pre-mRNA, which is alternatively spliced into more than 50 HIV-1 mRNAs encoding all viral proteins. Regulation of viral alternative splice site usage includes the presence of splicing regulatory elements (SREs) which can dramatically impact RNA expression and HIV-1 replication when mutated. Recently, we were able to show that two viral SREs, GI3-2 and ESEtat, are important players in the generation of viral vif, vpr and tat mRNAs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that masking these SREs by transfected locked nucleic acid (LNA) mixmers affect the viral splicing pattern and viral particle production. With regard to the development of future therapeutic LNA mixmer-based antiretroviral approaches, we delivered the GI3-2 and the ESEtat LNA mixmers “nakedly”, without the use of transfection reagents (gymnosis) into HIV-1 infected cells. Surprisingly, we observed that gymnotically-delivered LNA mixmers accumulated in the cytoplasm, and seemed to co-localize with GW bodies and induced degradation of mRNAs containing their LNA target sequence. The GI3-2 and the ESEtat LNA-mediated RNA degradation resulted in abrogation of viral replication in HIV-1 infected Jurkat and PM1 cells as well as in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hillebrand
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Philipp Niklas Ostermann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel Degrandi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Steffen Erkelenz
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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18
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Gökalp F. The inhibition effect of garlic-derived compounds on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and saquinavir. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22215. [PMID: 30194790 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Garlic has been used as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases. Garlic reduces the risk of some diseases. This protective effect is due to the organosulfur compounds of garlic. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effects of garlic-derived compounds on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and as the most important anti-HIV-1 medicine. The activation of saquinavir is believed to be the principal mechanism behind the protective effects of HIV-1. Our theoretical calculations are performed for blood phase by using the density functional theory for the main compounds of garlic. The chemical activity and solubility of ajoene and the mainly derived compounds of garlic as theoretical calculations are important for the medical research comparing with the other compounds of the garlic. The theoretical calculations have helped us to determine which active ingredient of the garlic having inhibition effects on HIV-1 and saquinavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faik Gökalp
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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19
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Fauteux-Daniel S, Larouche A, Calderon V, Boulais J, Béland C, Ransy DG, Boucher M, Lamarre V, Lapointe N, Boucoiran I, Le Campion A, Soudeyns H. Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus: Variable Transmission Bottleneck and Evidence of Midgestation In Utero Infection. J Virol 2017; 91:e01372-17. [PMID: 28931691 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01372-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy and childbirth. However, the timing and precise biological mechanisms that are involved in this process are incompletely understood, as are the determinants that influence transmission of particular HCV variants. Here we report results of a longitudinal assessment of HCV quasispecies diversity and composition in 5 cases of vertical HCV transmission, including 3 women coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The population structure of HCV variant spectra based on E2 envelope gene sequences (nucleotide positions 1491 to 1787), including hypervariable regions 1 and 2, was characterized using next-generation sequencing and median-joining network analysis. Compatible with a loose transmission bottleneck, larger numbers of shared HCV variants were observed in the presence of maternal coinfection. Coalescent Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations revealed median times of transmission between 24.9 weeks and 36.1 weeks of gestation, with some confidence intervals ranging into the 1st trimester, considerably earlier than previously thought. Using recombinant autologous HCV pseudoparticles, differences were uncovered in HCV-specific antibody responses between coinfected mothers and mothers infected with HCV alone, in whom generalized absence of neutralization was observed. Finally, shifts in HCV quasispecies composition were seen in children around 1 year of age, compatible with the disappearance of passively transferred maternal immunoglobulins and/or the development of HCV-specific humoral immunity. Taken together, these results provide insights into the timing, dynamics, and biologic mechanisms involved in vertical HCV transmission and inform preventative strategies.IMPORTANCE Although it is well established that hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be transmitted from mother to child, the manner and the moment at which transmission operates have been the subject of conjecture. By carrying out a detailed examination of viral sequences, we showed that transmission could take place comparatively early in pregnancy. In addition, we showed that when the mother also carried human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), many more HCV variants were shared between her and her child, suggesting that the mechanism and/or the route of transmission of HCV differed in the presence of coinfection with HIV-1. These results could explain why cesarean section is ineffective in preventing vertical HCV transmission and guide the development of interventions to avert pediatric HCV infection.
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20
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Bomsel M, Ganor Y. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Induces HIV-1 Proteasomal Degradation in Mucosal Langerhans Cells. J Virol 2017; 91:e01205-17. [PMID: 28904199 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01205-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroimmune dialogue between peripheral neurons and Langerhans cells (LCs) within mucosal epithelia protects against incoming pathogens. LCs rapidly internalize human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) upon its sexual transmission and then trans-infect CD4+ T cells. We recently found that the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), secreted mucosally from peripheral neurons, inhibits LC-mediated HIV-1 trans-infection. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of CGRP-induced inhibition, focusing on HIV-1 degradation in LCs and its interplay with trans-infection. We first show that HIV-1 degradation occurs in endolysosomes in untreated LCs, and functionally blocking such degradation with lysosomotropic agents results in increased trans-infection. We demonstrate that CGRP acts via its cognate receptor and at a viral postentry step to induce faster HIV-1 degradation, but without affecting the kinetics of endolysosomal degradation. We reveal that unexpectedly, CGRP shifts HIV-1 degradation from endolysosomes toward the proteasome, providing the first evidence for functional HIV-1 proteasomal degradation in LCs. Such efficient proteasomal degradation significantly inhibits the first phase of trans-infection, and proteasomal, but not endolysosomal, inhibitors abrogate CGRP-induced inhibition. Together, our results establish that CGRP controls the HIV-1 degradation mode in LCs. The presence of endogenous CGRP within innervated mucosal tissues, especially during the sexual response, to which CGRP contributes, suggests that HIV-1 proteasomal degradation predominates in vivo Hence, proteasomal, rather than endolysosomal, HIV-1 degradation in LCs should be enhanced clinically to effectively restrict HIV-1 trans-infection.IMPORTANCE During sexual transmission, HIV-1 is internalized and degraded in LCs, the resident antigen-presenting cells in mucosal epithelia. Yet during trans-infection, infectious virions escaping degradation are transferred to CD4+ T cells, the principal HIV-1 targets. We previously found that the neuroimmune dialogue between LCs and peripheral neurons, innervating mucosal epithelia, significantly inhibits trans-infection via the action of the secreted neuropeptide CGRP on LCs. In this study, we investigated whether CGRP-induced inhibition of trans-infection is linked to CGRP-controlled HIV-1 degradation in LCs. We show that in untreated LCs, HIV-1 is functionally degraded in endolysosomes. In sharp contrast, we reveal that in CGRP-treated LCs, HIV-1 is diverted toward and degraded via another cytosolic protein degradative pathway, namely, the proteasome. These results establish that CGRP regulates HIV-1 degradation in LCs. As CGRP contributes to the sexual response and present within mucosal epithelia, HIV-1 proteasomal degradation in LCs might predominate in vivo and should be enhanced clinically.
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21
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Gay CL, Bosch RJ, Ritz J, Hataye JM, Aga E, Tressler RL, Mason SW, Hwang CK, Grasela DM, Ray N, Cyktor JC, Coffin JM, Acosta EP, Koup RA, Mellors JW, Eron JJ. Clinical Trial of the Anti-PD-L1 Antibody BMS-936559 in HIV-1 Infected Participants on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1725-1733. [PMID: 28431010 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reversing immune exhaustion with an anti-PD-L1 antibody may improve human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific immunity and increase clearance of HIV-1-expressing cells. Methods We conducted a phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating study of BMS-936559, including HIV-1-infected adults aged >18 to <70 years on suppressive antiretroviral therapy with CD4+ counts >350 cells/μL and detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA by single-copy assay. Data on single infusions of BMS-936559 (0.3 mg/kg) versus placebo are described. The primary outcomes were safety defined as any grade 3 or greater or immune-related adverse event (AE) and the change in HIV-1 Gag-specific CD8+ T cell responses from baseline to day 28 after infusion. Results Eight men enrolled: 6 received 0.3 mg/kg of BMS-936559, and 2 received placebo infusions. There were no BMS-936559-related grade 3 or greater AEs. In 1 participant, asymptomatic hypophysitis (a protocol-defined immune-related AE) was identified 266 days after BMS-936559 infusion; it resolved over time. The mean percentage of HIV-1 Gag-specific CD8+ T cells expressing interferon γ increased from baseline (0.09%) through day 28 (0.20%; P = .14), driven by substantial increases in 2 participants who received BMS-936559. Conclusions In this first evaluation of an immunologic checkpoint inhibitor in healthy HIV-1-infected persons, single low-dose BMS-936559 infusions appeared to enhance HIV-1-specific immunity in a subset of participants. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02028403.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Gay
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ronald J Bosch
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin Ritz
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Evgenia Aga
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Randall L Tressler
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland.,Columbus Technologies, El Segundo, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Josh C Cyktor
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John M Coffin
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward P Acosta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham
| | | | - John W Mellors
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph J Eron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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22
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Rye-McCurdy T, Olson ED, Liu S, Binkley C, Reyes JP, Thompson BR, Flanagan JM, Parent LJ, Musier-Forsyth K. Functional Equivalence of Retroviral MA Domains in Facilitating Psi RNA Binding Specificity by Gag. Viruses 2016; 8:v8090256. [PMID: 27657107 PMCID: PMC5035970 DOI: 10.3390/v8090256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviruses specifically package full-length, dimeric genomic RNA (gRNA) even in the presence of a vast excess of cellular RNA. The “psi” (Ψ) element within the 5′-untranslated region (5′UTR) of gRNA is critical for packaging through interaction with the nucleocapsid (NC) domain of Gag. However, in vitro Gag binding affinity for Ψ versus non-Ψ RNAs is not significantly different. Previous salt-titration binding assays revealed that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag bound to Ψ RNA with high specificity and relatively few charge interactions, whereas binding to non-Ψ RNA was less specific and involved more electrostatic interactions. The NC domain was critical for specific Ψ binding, but surprisingly, a Gag mutant lacking the matrix (MA) domain was less effective at discriminating Ψ from non-Ψ RNA. We now find that Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag also effectively discriminates RSV Ψ from non-Ψ RNA in a MA-dependent manner. Interestingly, Gag chimeras, wherein the HIV-1 and RSV MA domains were swapped, maintained high binding specificity to cognate Ψ RNAs. Using Ψ RNA mutant constructs, determinants responsible for promoting high Gag binding specificity were identified in both systems. Taken together, these studies reveal the functional equivalence of HIV-1 and RSV MA domains in facilitating Ψ RNA selectivity by Gag, as well as Ψ elements that promote this selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffiny Rye-McCurdy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Center for Retroviral Research, and Center for RNA Biology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Erik D Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Center for Retroviral Research, and Center for RNA Biology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Shuohui Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Center for Retroviral Research, and Center for RNA Biology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Christiana Binkley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Center for Retroviral Research, and Center for RNA Biology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Joshua-Paolo Reyes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Center for Retroviral Research, and Center for RNA Biology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Brian R Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Center for Retroviral Research, and Center for RNA Biology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - John M Flanagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Leslie J Parent
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Karin Musier-Forsyth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Center for Retroviral Research, and Center for RNA Biology, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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23
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Frezza C, Grelli S, Federico M, Marino-Merlo F, Mastino A, Macchi B. Testing anti-HIV activity of antiretroviral agents in vitro using flow cytometry analysis of CEM-GFP cells infected with transfection-derived HIV-1 NL4-3. J Med Virol 2015; 88:979-86. [PMID: 26519867 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An assay, specifically optimized to evaluate the anti-HIV activity of antiretrovirals by flow cytometry analysis, is described. As widely used anti-HIV agents, zidovudine (AZT), abacavir (ABC), 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (DDI), lamivudine (3TC), nevirapine (NVP), and efavirenz (EFV), and as drugs of recent approval raltegravir (RAL), etravirine (ETR), and rilpivirine (RPV), were utilized as reference drugs. HIV-1 NL4-3 virus was prepared by transfection of HEK293T cells with purified plasmid DNA and quantified by p24 antigen-capture assay. For infection, CEM-GFP cells were exposed to vehicle or to several concentrations of the drugs for 2 hr at 37 °C before HIV-1 NL4-3 was added to each sample. The adsorption was prolonged for 3 hr at 37 °C. After 72 hr of incubation, HIV-induced GFP expression in infected CEM-GFP cells was assessed by flow cytometry analysis and expressed as % positive cells. For comparison, p24 production in supernatants was assessed by a commercial ELISA kit. On the basis of IC50 values, the anti-HIV activity, as assayed by this method, was EFV > 3TC > AZT > NVP > DDI > ABC and ETR > RPV > RAL. The comparison between the IC50 values calculated through flow cytometry and p24 production revealed overlapping results, showing that the optimized protocol of CEM-GFP infection with HIV NL4-3 is a suitable method to perform quantitative, rapid and low-expensive screening tests to evaluate the in vitro effect of new candidate anti-HIV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Frezza
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Federico
- Division of Pathogenesis of Retroviruses, National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Marino-Merlo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Mastino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Macchi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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24
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Baltina LA, Stolyarova OV, Kondratenko RM, Gabbasov TM, Baltina LA, Plyasunova OA, Il'ina TV. Synthesis and Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Olean-9(11),12(13)-Dien-30-Oic Acid 3β-(2-O-β-D-Glucuronopyranosyl-β-D-Glucuronopyranoside). Pharm Chem J 2014; 48:439-443. [PMID: 32214537 PMCID: PMC7088683 DOI: 10.1007/s11094-014-1127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The glycyrrhizic acid (GA) analog olean-9(11),12(13)-dien-30-oic acid 3β-(2-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-β-D-glucuronopyranoside) (II) was synthesized via reduction of GA by NaBH4 in refluxing 2-PrOH:H2O with subsequent work up with HCl (5%). The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of this glycoside against HIV-1 was studied in MT-4 cell culture. It was found that II was practically non-toxic for MT-4 cells while inhibiting accumulation of virus-specific protein p24 and RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) (IC50 3.1 ±1.0 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Baltina
- 1Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Bashkortostan Russia
| | - O V Stolyarova
- 1Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Bashkortostan Russia
- 2Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Bashkortostan Russia
| | - R M Kondratenko
- 1Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Bashkortostan Russia
| | - T M Gabbasov
- 1Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Bashkortostan Russia
| | - L A Baltina
- 1Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Bashkortostan Russia
- 2Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Bashkortostan Russia
| | - O A Plyasunova
- Vector State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology, Kol'tsovo, Novosibirsk, Oblast Russia
| | - T V Il'ina
- Vector State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology, Kol'tsovo, Novosibirsk, Oblast Russia
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