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Ziemiński R, Stupak A, Kwiatek M, Gęca T, Warowicka A, Hejne K, Kwaśniewska A, Goździcka-Józefiak A, Kwaśniewski W. Analysis of the Expression of LSF Transcription Factor in the Regulation of Transcription and TSG101 during the Neoplastic Transformation of Endometrial Cells. Cells 2024; 13:580. [PMID: 38607019 PMCID: PMC11011417 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research indicates that carcinogenesis involves disrupting the functions of numerous genes, including factors involved in the regulation of transcription and cell proliferation. For these reasons, in endometrial carcinogenesis, we decided to investigate the expression of TSG101 (a suppressor of tumor transformation) and LSF (a transcription factor involved in numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle regulation, cell growth, development, and apoptosis). LSF may be involved in the regulation of TSG101 expression. The research material consisted of endometrial cancer samples from 60 patients. The control group consisted of normal endometrium samples donated by 60 women undergoing surgery for benign diseases of the female reproductive organs. The samples were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with antibodies specific to TSG101 and LSF. Specific antibodies were used to identify TSG101 and LSF in the examined histopathological preparations. An approximately 14-fold lower risk of endometrial cancer development was observed in patients with TSG expression in more than 75% of the assessed cells (4% vs. 36%; OR = 0.07; p = 0.0182). There was a four-fold lower risk of endometrial cancer development in patients with LSF expression in more than 50% of the assessed cells (32% vs. 64%; OR = 0.26; p = 0.0262). A more than three-fold lower risk of endometrial cancer development was observed in patients with LSF expression in more than 75% of the assessed cells (24% vs. 52%; OR = 0.29; p = 0.0454). Endometrial cancer was diagnosed in those with a lower level of TSG101 expression than in those with a cancer-free endometrium. Decreased expression of TSG101 may be a marker of endometrial cancer, and increased expression of LSF when diagnosed with endometrial cancer may indicate greater advancement of the disease. These markers might be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers-however, there is a lack of a correlation between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ziemiński
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Stupak
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Maciej Kwiatek
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Tomasz Gęca
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Alicja Warowicka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-712 Poznań, Poland; (A.W.)
| | - Karolina Hejne
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 11-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Kwaśniewska
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Goździcka-Józefiak
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-712 Poznań, Poland; (A.W.)
| | - Wojciech Kwaśniewski
- Department of Gynecology Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Maeda Y, Monde K, Terasawa H, Tanaka Y, Sawa T. Interaction of TSG101 with the PTAP Motif in Distinct Locations of Gag Determines the Incorporation of HTLV-1 Env into the Retroviral Virion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16520. [PMID: 38003710 PMCID: PMC10671467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell tropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is known to be mainly transmitted by cell-to-cell contact due to the lower infectivity of the cell-free virion. However, the reasons why cell-free HTLV-1 infection is poor remain unknown. In this study, we found that the retrovirus pseudotyped with HTLV-1 viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) was infectious when human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was used to produce the virus. We found that the incorporation of HTLV-1 Env into virus-like particles (VLPs) was low when HTLV-1 Gag was used to produce VLPs, whereas VLPs produced using HIV-1 Gag efficiently incorporated HTLV-1 Env. The production of VLPs using Gag chimeras between HTLV-1 and HIV-1 Gag and deletion mutants of HIV-1 Gag showed that the p6 domain of HIV-1 Gag was responsible for the efficient incorporation of HTLV-1 Env into the VLPs. Further mutagenic analyses of the p6 domain of HIV-1 Gag revealed that the PTAP motif in the p6 domain of HIV-1 Gag facilitates the incorporation of HTLV-1 Env into VLPs. Since the PTAP motif is known to interact with tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) during the budding process, we evaluated the effect of TSG101 knockdown on the incorporation of HTLV-1 Env into VLPs. We found that TSG101 knockdown suppressed the incorporation of HTLV-1 Env into VLPs and decreased the infectivity of cell-free HIV-1 pseudotyped with HTLV-1 Env. Our results suggest that the interaction of TSG101 with the PTAP motif of the retroviral L domain is involved not only in the budding process but also in the efficient incorporation of HTLV-1 Env into the cell-free virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Maeda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (K.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Kazuaki Monde
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (K.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Hiromi Terasawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (K.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuetsu Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (K.M.); (T.S.)
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Itakura Y, Tabata K, Saito T, Intaruck K, Kawaguchi N, Kishimoto M, Torii S, Kobayashi S, Ito N, Harada M, Inoue S, Maeda K, Takada A, Hall WW, Orba Y, Sawa H, Sasaki M. Morphogenesis of Bullet-Shaped Rabies Virus Particles Regulated by TSG101. J Virol 2023; 97:e0043823. [PMID: 37042780 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00438-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral protein assembly and virion budding are tightly regulated to enable the proper formation of progeny virions. At this late stage in the virus life cycle, some enveloped viruses take advantage of the host endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, which contributes to the physiological functions of membrane modulation and abscission. Bullet-shaped viral particles are unique morphological characteristics of rhabdoviruses; however, the involvement of host factors in rhabdovirus infection and, specifically, the molecular mechanisms underlying virion formation are not fully understood. In the present study, we used a small interfering RNA (siRNA) screening approach and found that the ESCRT-I component TSG101 contributes to the propagation of rabies virus (RABV). We demonstrated that the matrix protein (M) of RABV interacts with TSG101 via the late domain containing the PY and YL motifs, which are conserved in various viral proteins. Loss of the YL motif in the RABV M or the downregulation of host TSG101 expression resulted in the intracellular aggregation of viral proteins and abnormal virus particle formation, indicating a defect in the RABV assembly and budding processes. These results indicate that the interaction of the RABV M and TSG101 is pivotal for not only the efficient budding of progeny RABV from infected cells but also for the bullet-shaped virion morphology. IMPORTANCE Enveloped viruses bud from cells with the host lipid bilayer. Generally, the membrane modulation and abscission are mediated by host ESCRT complexes. Some enveloped viruses utilize their late (L-) domain to interact with ESCRTs, which promotes viral budding. Rhabdoviruses form characteristic bullet-shaped enveloped virions, but the underlying molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here, we showed that TSG101, one of the ESCRT components, supports rabies virus (RABV) budding and proliferation. TSG101 interacted with RABV matrix protein via the L-domain, and the absence of this interaction resulted in intracellular virion accumulation and distortion of the morphology of progeny virions. Our study reveals that virion formation of RABV is highly regulated by TSG101 and the virus matrix protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Itakura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tabata
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kittiya Intaruck
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nijiho Kawaguchi
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mai Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shiho Torii
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoto Ito
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Michiko Harada
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - William W Hall
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Tufan AB, Lazarow K, Kolesnichenko M, Sporbert A, von Kries JP, Scheidereit C. TSG101 associates with PARP1 and is essential for PARylation and DNA damage-induced NF-κB activation. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110372. [PMID: 36124865 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In a genome-wide screening for components of the dsDNA-break-induced IKK-NF-κB pathway, we identified scores of regulators, including tumor susceptibility gene TSG101. TSG101 is essential for DNA damage-induced formation of cellular poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). TSG101 binds to PARP1 and is required for PARP1 activation. This function of TSG101 is independent of its role in the ESCRT-I endosomal sorting complex. In the absence of TSG101, the PAR-dependent formation of a nuclear PARP1-IKKγ signalosome, which triggers IKK activation, is impaired. According to its requirement for PARP1 and NF-κB activation, TSG101-deficient cells are defective in DNA repair and apoptosis protection. Loss of TSG101 results in PARP1 trapping at damage sites and mimics the effect of pharmacological PARP inhibition. We also show that the loss of TSG101 in connection with inactivated tumor suppressors BRCA1/2 in breast cancer cells is lethal. Our results imply TSG101 as a therapeutic target to achieve synthetic lethality in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Buğra Tufan
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katina Lazarow
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Kolesnichenko
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anje Sporbert
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Advanced Light Microscopy Technology Platform, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Claus Scheidereit
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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Wan Y, Chen Y, Wang T, Zhao B, Zeng W, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Cao S, Wang J, Xue Q, Qi X. PPRV-Induced Autophagy Facilitates Infectious Virus Transmission by the Exosomal Pathway. J Virol 2022;:e0024422. [PMID: 35319226 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00244-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is an important pathogen that seriously influences the productivity of small ruminants worldwide. We showed previously that PPRV induced sustained autophagy for their replication in host cells. Many studies have shown that exosomes released from virus-infected cells contain a variety of viral and host cellular factors that are able to modulate the recipient's cellular response and result in productive infection of the recipient host. Here, we show that PPRV infection results in packaging of the viral genomic RNA and partial viral proteins into exosomes of Vero cells and upregulates exosome secretion. We provide evidence showing that the exosomal viral cargo can be transferred to and establish productive infection in a new target cell. Importantly, our study reveals that PPRV-induced autophagy enhances exosome secretion and exosome-mediated virus transmission. Additionally, our data show that TSG101 may be involved in the sorting of the infectious PPRV RNA into exosomes to facilitate the release of PPRV through the exosomal pathway. Taken together, our results suggest a novel mechanism involving autophagy and exosome-mediated PPRV intercellular transmission. IMPORTANCE Autophagy plays an important role in PPRV pathogenesis. The role of exosomes in viral infections is beginning to be appreciated. The present study examined the role of autophagy in secretion of infectious PPRV from Vero cells. Our data provided the first direct evidence that ATG7-mediated autophagy enhances exosome secretion and exosome-mediated PPRV transmission. TSG101 may be involved in the sorting of the infectious PPRV RNA genomes into exosomes to facilitate the release of PPRV through the exosomal pathway. Inhibition of PPRV-induced autophagy or TSG101 expression could be used as a strategy to block exosome-mediated virus transmission.
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Chua HH, Kameyama T, Mayeda A, Yeh TH. Epstein-Barr Virus Enhances Cancer-Specific Aberrant Splicing of TSG101 Pre-mRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052516. [PMID: 35269659 PMCID: PMC8910672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor viruses gain control of cellular functions when they infect and transform host cells. Alternative splicing is one of the cellular processes exploited by tumor viruses to benefit viral replication and support oncogenesis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) participates in a number of cancers, as reported mostly in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). Using RT-nested-PCR and Northern blot analysis in NPC and BL cells, here we demonstrate that EBV promotes specific alternative splicing of TSG101 pre-mRNA, which generates the TSG101∆154-1054 variant though the agency of its viral proteins, such as EBNA-1, Zta and Rta. The level of TSG101∆154-1054 is particularly enhanced upon EBV entry into the lytic cycle, increasing protein stability of TSG101 and causing the cumulative synthesis of EBV late lytic proteins, such as VCA and gp350/220. TSG101∆154-1054-mediated production of VCA and gp350/220 is blocked by the overexpression of a translational mutant of TSG101∆154-1054 or by the depletion of full-length TSG101, which is consistent with the known role of the TSG101∆154-1054 protein in stabilizing the TSG101 protein. NPC patients whose tumor tissues express TSG101∆154-1054 have high serum levels of anti-VCA antibodies and high levels of viral DNA in their tumors. Our findings highlight the functional importance of TSG101∆154-1054 in allowing full completion of the EBV lytic cycle to produce viral particles. We propose that targeting EBV-induced TSG101 alternative splicing has broad potential as a therapeutic to treat EBV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Huey Chua
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100226, Taiwan;
| | - Toshiki Kameyama
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Akila Mayeda
- Division of Gene Expression Mechanism, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (T.-H.Y.)
| | - Te-Huei Yeh
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (T.-H.Y.)
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Warnier G, De Groote E, Britto FA, Delcorte O, Nederveen JP, Nilsson MI, Pierreux CE, Tarnopolsky MA, Deldicque L. Effects of an acute exercise bout in hypoxia on extracellular vesicle release in healthy and prediabetic subjects. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 322:R112-R122. [PMID: 34907783 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00220.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate exosome-like vesicle (ELV) plasma concentrations and markers of multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis in skeletal muscle in response to acute exercise. METHODS Seventeen healthy (BMI: 23.5±0.5kg·m-2) and fifteen prediabetic (BMI: 27.3±1.2kg·m-2) men were randomly assigned to two groups performing an acute cycling bout in normoxia or hypoxia (FiO2 14.0%). Venous blood samples were taken before (T0), during (T30) and after (T60) exercise and biopsies from m. vastus lateralis were collected before and after exercise. Plasma ELVs were isolated by size exclusion chromatography, counted by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and characterized according to international standards, followed by expression analyses of canonical ELV markers in skeletal muscle. RESULTS In the healthy normoxic group, the total number of particles in the plasma increased during exercise from T0 to T30 (+313%) followed by a decrease from T30 to T60 (-53%). In the same group, an increase in TSG101, CD81 and HSP60 protein expression was measured after exercise in plasma ELVs; however, in the prediabetic group, the total number of particles in the plasma was not affected by exercise. The mRNA content of TSG101, ALIX and CD9 were upregulated in skeletal muscle after exercise in normoxia; whereas, CD9 and CD81 were downregulated in hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS ELV plasma abundance increased in response to acute aerobic exercise in healthy subjects in normoxia, but not in prediabetic subjects, nor in hypoxia. Skeletal muscle analyses suggested that this tissue did not likely play a major role of the exercise-induced increase in circulating ELVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Warnier
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Estelle De Groote
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Florian A Britto
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ophélie Delcorte
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mats I Nilsson
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Otani Y, Fujita KI, Kameyama T, Mayeda A. The Exon Junction Complex Core Represses Cancer-Specific Mature mRNA Re-splicing: A Potential Key Role in Terminating Splicing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126519. [PMID: 34204574 PMCID: PMC8234774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using TSG101 pre-mRNA, we previously discovered cancer-specific re-splicing of mature mRNA that generates aberrant transcripts/proteins. The fact that mRNA is aberrantly re-spliced in various cancer cells implies there must be an important mechanism to prevent deleterious re-splicing on the spliced mRNA in normal cells. We thus postulated that mRNA re-splicing is controlled by specific repressors, and we searched for repressor candidates by siRNA-based screening for mRNA re-splicing activity. We found that knock-down of EIF4A3, which is a core component of the exon junction complex (EJC), significantly promoted mRNA re-splicing. Remarkably, we could recapitulate cancer-specific mRNA re-splicing in normal cells by knock-down of any of the core EJC proteins, EIF4A3, MAGOH, or RBM8A (Y14), implicating the EJC core as the repressor of mRNA re-splicing often observed in cancer cells. We propose that the EJC core is a critical mRNA quality control factor to prevent over-splicing of mature mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Otani
- Division of Gene Expression Mechanism, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.-i.F.)
- Laboratories of Discovery Research, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Kyoto 601-8550, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Fujita
- Division of Gene Expression Mechanism, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.-i.F.)
| | - Toshiki Kameyama
- Division of Gene Expression Mechanism, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.-i.F.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Akila Mayeda
- Division of Gene Expression Mechanism, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.-i.F.)
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.M.)
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9
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Lin TH, Bis-Brewer DM, Sheehan AE, Townsend LN, Maddison DC, Züchner S, Smith GA, Freeman MR. TSG101 negatively regulates mitochondrial biogenesis in axons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118. [PMID: 33972422 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018770118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a tight association between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases and axons that are particularly vulnerable to degeneration, but how mitochondria are maintained in axons to support their physiology remains poorly defined. In an in vivo forward genetic screen for mutants altering axonal mitochondria, we identified tsg101 Neurons mutant for tsg101 exhibited an increase in mitochondrial number and decrease in mitochondrial size. TSG101 is best known as a component of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) complexes; however, loss of most other ESCRT components did not affect mitochondrial numbers or size, suggesting TSG101 regulates mitochondrial biology in a noncanonical, ESCRT-independent manner. The TSG101-mutant phenotype was not caused by lack of mitophagy, and we found that autophagy blockade was detrimental only to the mitochondria in the cell bodies, arguing mitophagy and autophagy are dispensable for the regulation of mitochondria number in axons. Interestingly, TSG101 mitochondrial phenotypes were instead caused by activation of PGC-1ɑ/Nrf2-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis, which was mTOR independent and TFEB dependent and required the mitochondrial fission-fusion machinery. Our work identifies a role for TSG101 in inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis, which is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial numbers and sizes, in the axonal compartment.
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Gheytanchi E, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Ghods R, Abolhasani M, Shahin M, Vafaei S, Naseri M, Fattahi F, Madjd Z. High expression of tumor susceptibility gene 101 ( TSG101) is associated with more aggressive behavior in colorectal carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1631-1646. [PMID: 33616717 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identification of genetic determinants such as exosomal content that drives progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has received considerable attention. The present study aims to identify a suitable biomarker in CRC tissues and exosomes based on bioinformatics data to evaluate its expression patterns in CRC tissues as well as its clinicopathological significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and enrichment analysis were applied to identify up-regulated genes that contributed in CRC exosomes to select the marker. The expression patterns and clinical significance of selected exosomal marker were evaluated in tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 445 CRC tumors and 39 adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS Based on bioinformatics data, TSG101 gene was prominent amongst the tumor tissues and exosomes. Expression of TSG101 was significantly up-regulated in tumor cells compared to adjacent normal tissues (p-value = 0.04). Moreover, higher expressions of TSG101 (cytoplasmic and nuclear) were significantly associated with tumor differentiation (p-value = 0.042) and distant metastasis (p-value = 0.027). A significant association was found in the cytoplasmic expression of TSG101 between well and moderate tumor differentiation (p-value = 0.005) as well as moderate and poor differentiation (p-value = 0.050). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the exploration of crosstalk between exosome content and CRC may be valuable for the development of novel exosomal biomarkers. Increased expression of TSG101, as a promising exosome marker, is more associated with more aggressive tumor behaviors, metastasis, and progression of CRC, which paves the way for therapeutic strategies and CRC management. However, further investigations are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of TSG101 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Gheytanchi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Leili Saeednejad Zanjani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Shahin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Naseri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Fattahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Lin YM, Chu PH, Ouyang P. Depletion of UXT, a novel TSG101 interaction protein, leads to enhanced CEP55 attenuation through lysosome degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 542:59-64. [PMID: 33486193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The expression level of CEP55, a centrosome and midbody-associated protein is pivotal for cell cytokinesis and is significantly correlated with tumor stage. Our previous study demonstrated that ectopic expression of TSG101 can decrease androgen receptor expression level through the lysosome degradation pathway. Here, we further extended the investigation of TSG101 in modulating protein levels through lysosomes, and identified ubiquitously expressed transcript (UXT) to be a novel TSG101 interaction partner associated with TSG101-containing cytoplasmic vesicles. We also demonstrated that CEP55 can be recruited to TSG101 cytoplasmic vesicles resulting in downregulation of CEP55 through lysosome degradation. Moreover, UXT depletion promoted TSG101 vesicle-lysosome association and elevated autophagic carrier flux to enhance CEP55 degradation upon TSG101 overexpression. In summary, we identified a novel CEP55 regulation pathway mediated by TSG101 overexpression via lysosome degradation and revealed that UXT plays a role in the late endosome/autophagosome-lysosome fusion event, engaging in TSG101-mediated lysosome degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ming Lin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pin Ouyang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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12
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Zhu Y, Xu Y, Chen T, Zhang Y, Ma Q, Rauniyar S, Wang L, Shi H. TSG101 Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Human Glioma Cells by Regulating the AKT/GSK3β/β-Catenin and RhoC/Cofilin Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2118-32. [PMID: 33411238 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) has been reported to play important roles in the development and progression of several human cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, its potential roles and underlined mechanisms in human glioma are still needed to be further clarified. This study was designed to assess the expression of TSG101 in glioma patients and its effects on glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Publicly available data revealed that TSG101 mRNA was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues, and high levels of TSG101 were associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. Western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments further showed that the expression level of TSG101 protein was significantly upregulated in glioma patients, especially in the patients with high-grade glioma. The functional studies showed that knockdown of TSG101 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells, while overexpression of TSG101 facilitated them. Mechanistic studies indicated that the proliferation, migration, and invasion induced by TSG101 in human glioma were related to AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin and RhoC/Cofilin signaling pathways. In conclusion, the above results suggest that the expression of TSG101 is elevated in glioma patients, which accelerates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells by regulating the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin and RhoC/Cofilin pathways.
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13
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Kaul Z, Mookherjee D, Das S, Chatterjee D, Chakrabarti S, Chakrabarti O. Loss of tumor susceptibility gene 101 ( TSG101) perturbs endoplasmic reticulum structure and function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2020; 1867:118741. [PMID: 32422153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), an ESCRT-I protein, is implicated in multiple cellular processes and its functional depletion can lead to blocked lysosomal degradation, cell cycle arrest, demyelination and neurodegeneration. Here, we show that loss of TSG101 results in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and this causes ER membrane remodelling (EMR). This correlates with an expansion of ER, increased vacuolation, altered relative distribution of the rough and smooth ER and disruption of three-way junctions. Blocked lysosomal degradation due to TSG101 depletion leads to ER stress and Ca2+ leakage from ER stores, causing destabilization of actin cytoskeleton. Inhibiting Ca2+ release from the ER by blocking ryanodine receptors (RYRs) with Dantrolene partially rescues the ER stress phenotypes. Hence, in this study we have identified the involvement of TSG101 in modulating ER stress mediated remodelling by engaging the actin cytoskeleton. This is significant because functional depletion of TSG101 effectuates ER-stress, perturbs the structure, mobility and function of the ER, all aspects closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases. SUMMARY STATEMENT: We show that tumor susceptibility gene (TSG) 101 regulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its membrane remodelling. Loss of TSG101 perturbs structure, mobility and function of the ER as a consequence of actin destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenia Kaul
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA..
| | - Debdatto Mookherjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Subhrangshu Das
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN 6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Debmita Chatterjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Saikat Chakrabarti
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN 6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, India.
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14
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Karasmanis EP, Hwang D, Nakos K, Bowen JR, Angelis D, Spiliotis ET. A Septin Double Ring Controls the Spatiotemporal Organization of the ESCRT Machinery in Cytokinetic Abscission. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2174-2182.e7. [PMID: 31204162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abscission is the terminal step of mitosis that physically separates two daughter cells [1, 2]. Abscission requires the endocytic sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), a molecular machinery of multiple subcomplexes (ESCRT-I/II/III) that promotes membrane remodeling and scission [3-5]. Recruitment of ESCRT-I/II complexes to the midbody of telophase cells initiates ESCRT-III assembly into two rings, which subsequently expand into helices and spirals that narrow down to the incipient site of abscission [6-8]. ESCRT-III assembly is highly dynamic and spatiotemporally ordered, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we report that, after cleavage furrow closure, septins form a membrane-bound double ring that controls the organization and function of ESCRT-III. The septin double ring demarcates the sites of ESCRT-III assembly into rings and disassembles before ESCRT-III rings expand into helices and spirals. We show that septin 9 (SEPT9) depletion, which abrogates abscission, impairs recruitment of VPS25 (ESCRT-II) and CHMP6 (ESCRT-III). Strikingly, ESCRT-III subunits (CHMP4B and CHMP2A/B) accumulate to the midbody, but they are highly disorganized, failing to form symmetric rings and to expand laterally into the cone-shaped helices and spirals of abscission. We found that SEPT9 interacts directly with the ubiquitin E2 variant (UEV) domain of ESCRT-I protein TSG101 through two N-terminal PTAP motifs, which are required for the recruitment of VPS25 and CHMP6, and the spatial organization of ESCRT-III (CHMP4B and CHMP2B) into functional rings. These results reveal that septins function in the ESCRT-I-ESCRT-II-CHMP6 pathway of ESCRT-III assembly and provide a framework for the spatiotemporal control of the ESCRT machinery of cytokinetic abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva P Karasmanis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Hwang
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Jonathan R Bowen
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dimitrios Angelis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elias T Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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15
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Chua HH, Kameyama T, Mayeda A, Yeh TH. Cancer-Specifically Re-Spliced TSG101 mRNA Promotes Invasion and Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E773. [PMID: 30759747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TSG101 (Tumor susceptibility 101) gene and its aberrantly spliced isoform, termed TSG101∆154-1054, are tightly linked to tumorigenesis in various cancers. The aberrant TSG101∆154-1054 mRNA is generated from cancer-specific re-splicing of mature TSG101 mRNA. The TSG101∆154-1054 protein protects the full-length TSG101 protein from ubiquitin-mediated degradation, implicating TSG101∆154-1054 protein in the progression of cancer. Here, we confirmed that the presence of TSG101∆154-1054 mRNA indeed caused an accumulation of the TSG101 protein in biopsies of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which was recapitulated by the overexpression of TSG101∆154-1054 in the NPC cell line TW01. We demonstrate the potential function of the TSG101∆154-1054 protein in the malignancy of human NPC with scratch-wound healing and transwell invasion assays. By increasing the stability of the TSG101 protein, TSG101∆154-1054 specifically enhanced TSG101-mediated TW01 cell migration and invasion, suggesting the involvement in NPC metastasis in vivo. This finding sheds light on the functional significance of TSG101∆154-1054 generation via re-splicing of TSG101 mRNA in NPC metastasis and hints at its potential importance as a therapeutic target.
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16
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Sunohara M, Kriz W, Kränzlin B, Kretzler M, Gretz N, Endlich K, Endlich N. Upregulation of Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 ( TSG101) by mechanical stress in podocytes. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2019; 65:84-88. [PMID: 30782301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Elevated mechanical stress in glomerular hypertension is thought to damage podocytes, the loss of which leads to development of glomerulosclerosis. Applying cDNA array analysis to mechanically stressed podocytes, we have recently identified TSG101 as a stretch-induced candidate gene among others. TSG101, which is part of the ESCRT-I complex, is involved in multivesicular body (MVB) formation. Here we demonstrate that TSG101 mRNA is strongly upregulated in conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes by cyclic mechanical stress. Differentiation of podocytes does not affect TSG101 mRNA levels. TSG101 immunofluorescence is distributed in a vesicular pattern in podocytes, the staining intensity being enhanced by mechanical stress. In DOCA/salt treated rats, a model of glomerular hypertension, glomerular TSG101 mRNA levels are elevated, and an increased number of MVBs is observed by electron microscopy in podocyte processes. Our data demonstrate that mechanical stress upregulates TSG101 in podocytes, suggesting that glomerular hypertension enhances sorting of cell surface proteins and their ligands into the degradative pathway in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Sunohara
- Dept. of Anatomy, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Wilhelm Kriz
- Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology (CBMT), Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Kränzlin
- Medical Research Center (ZMF), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5676, USA
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center (ZMF), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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17
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Xu C, Zheng J. siRNA against TSG101 reduces proliferation and induces G0/G1 arrest in renal cell carcinoma - involvement of c-myc, cyclin E1, and CDK2. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:7. [PMID: 30675171 PMCID: PMC6332891 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) is closely associated with various tumor types, but its role in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still unknown. This study used RNA interference to silence the expression of TSG101 in RCC cell lines and explore the role of TSG101 in RCC. Methods Immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed to detect the expression of TSG101 in 15 paired renal tumor samples. A small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting TSG101 was transfected into A498 and 786-O cell lines. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay were used to observe the changes in cell proliferation after transfection. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect on the cell cycle. Western blot was conducted to study the changes of related functional proteins. Results The expression of TSG101 was higher in RCC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. The CCK-8 assay showed that the proliferation and colony formation of the A498 and 786-O cell lines were attenuated after suppression of TSG101. Flow cytometry showed that silencing of TSG101 induced G0/G1 arrest. The western blot results revealed that the levels of cell cycle-related proteins (c-myc, cyclin E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)) were markedly decreased in the siRNA groups. Conclusions TSG101 promotes proliferation of RCC cells. This positive effect on tumor growth involves activation of c-myc and cyclin E1/CDK2 and their effect on cell cycle distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Department of Urology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Yanchang Road 301, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Yanchang Road 301, Shanghai, 200072 China
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18
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Saharat K, Lirdprapamongkol K, Chokchaichamnankit D, Srisomsap C, Svasti J, Paricharttanakul NM. Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 Mediates Anoikis Resistance of Metastatic Thyroid Cancer Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:473-483. [PMID: 30343281 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Resistance to anoikis is a pre-requisite step in metastasis, a major cause of death in patients with cancer, including thyroid cancer. Impairing anoikis resistance is a possible strategy for therapy of metastatic cancer. We, therefore, we aimed to investigate the key players of anoikis resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Papillary-type (BCPAP), follicular-type (FTC133), and anaplastic-type (ARO) thyroid carcinoma cells, cultured in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-coated plates to mimic circulating cells, were used as model systems in this study. Flow cytometry and soft-agar assays were used to determine cells exhibiting anoikis resistance. Proteomics was used to identify candidate proteins and validated using western blot and siRNA knockdown. RESULTS Only ARO cells showed both anoikis resistance potential and anchorage-independent growth ability. Tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein (TSG101) was identified to be potentially important in anoikis resistance, which was confirmed by an increase in anoikis and expression of a pro-apoptotic protein (BCL-2 like protein 4) and an apoptotic marker (cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase) in floating siTSG101-knockdown cells. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study that implicates the importance of TSG101 in anoikis resistance of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittirat Saharat
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Liu Z, Tian Z, Cao K, Zhang B, Wen Q, Zhou X, Yang W, Wang T, Shi H, Wang R. TSG101 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the PEG10. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:70-82. [PMID: 30450735 PMCID: PMC6307771 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) is reported to play important roles in the development and progression of several human cancers. However, its potential roles and underlined mechanisms in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still needed to be further clarified. In the present study, we reported that knock down of TSG101 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells, while overexpression of TSG101 facilitated them. Molecularly, the results revealed that knock down of TSG101 significantly decreased the cell cycle related regulatory factor p53 and p21. In another point, knock down of TSG101 also obviously decreased the level of metallopeptidase inhibitor TIMP1 (Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1), which results in inhibition of MMP2, MMP7 and MMP9. In contrast, overexpression of TSG101 had opposite effects. The iTRAQ proteomics analysis identified that oncogenic protein PEG10 (Paternally expressed gene 10) might be a potential downstream target of TSG101. Further investigation showed that TSG101 interacted with PEG10 and protected it from proteasomal degradation thereby regulating the expression of p53, p21 and MMPs. Finally, we found that both TSG101 and PEG10 proteins are up-regulated and presented a direct correlation in HCC patients. In conclusion, these results suggest that TSG101 is up-regulated in human HCC patients, which may accelerate the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells through regulating PEG10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zilu Tian
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuan Cao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Wen
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weibin Yang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hengliang Shi
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renhao Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Siarot L, Chutiwitoonchai N, Sato H, Chang H, Sato H, Fujino M, Murakami T, Aono T, Kodama E, Kuroda K, Takei M, Aida Y. Identification of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Gag- TSG101 interaction inhibitors by high-throughput screening. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2970-2976. [PMID: 30126636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between viral protein Gag and cellular protein tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) is a crucial step in the HIV-1 replication cycle. This interaction initiates the viral assembly/budding via the cellular endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway, making it a potential target for antiviral therapy. Here we developed a simple, robust, and reliable high-throughput screening (HTS) system based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to identify compounds that inhibit HIV-1 replication by targeting Gag-TSG101 interaction. Through screening of the 9600-compound library using the established HTS system, several hit compounds, which inhibited Gag-TSG101 interaction, were identified. Subsequent assays revealed two hit compounds, HSM-9 and HSM-10, which have antiviral activity against CD4+ T cell-tropic NL4-3 and macrophage-tropic JR-CSF HIV-1 strains. These results suggest that our established HTS system is an indispensable tool for the identification of HIV-1 Gag-TSG101 interaction inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowela Siarot
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nopporn Chutiwitoonchai
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sato
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Hao Chang
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Murakami
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aono
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kodama
- Division of Infectious Diseases, International Institute of Disaster Science, and Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Masami Takei
- Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan; Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Saitama, Japan.
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Sammarco A, Finesso G, Cavicchioli L, Ferro S, Caicci F, Zanetti R, Sacchetto R, Zappulli V. Preliminary investigation of extracellular vesicles in mammary cancer of dogs and cats: Identification and characterization. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:489-496. [PMID: 29851284 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles produced by cells, known to play a key role in cell-to-cell communication. They exert pleiotropic biological functions via the horizontal transfer of bioactive molecules (DNA, RNAs, proteins, and lipids) within the tumour microenvironment and throughout the body. In human cancer, EVs are known to interfere with pathways that lead to tumour progression and are used as novel cancer biomarkers. In veterinary medicine, very little is known on cancer-derived EVs. In this study, we preliminarily characterized EVs in mammary gland cancer of dogs and cats. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from canine (CYPp), feline (FMCp) and human (MCF7) mammary tumour cell lines. EVs were visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), counted using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and characterized by immunogold (CD63 and Alix) and western blot (Alix and TSG101). Additionally, EV production by "donor" cells (palmtdTomato+ ) and uptake by "recipient" cells (GFP+ ) were assessed. EVs were successfully isolated from all 3 cell lines by ultracentrifugation. Membrane-bound structures (50-400 nm) were identified by TEM and were positive for both CD63 and Alix at immunogold. Western blot showed positivity of EVs to Alix and TSG101. NTA analysis detected EVs from cell culture media ranging from 1.67 to 2.56 × 102 as number of EVs/cell and from 80 to 600 nm in size. Confocal microscopy identified the presence of palmtdTomato+ EVs into the cytoplasm of GFP+ cells. This preliminary study identified and characterized canine and feline mammary tumour cell-derived EVs, opening in veterinary medicine a new interesting unexplored field with several applications and limitless potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sammarco
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - G Finesso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - L Cavicchioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - F Caicci
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - R Zanetti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - R Sacchetto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - V Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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22
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El Meshri SE, Boutant E, Mouhand A, Thomas A, Larue V, Richert L, Vivet-Boudou V, Mély Y, Tisné C, Muriaux D, de Rocquigny H. The NC domain of HIV-1 Gag contributes to the interaction of Gag with TSG101. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1421-1431. [PMID: 29571744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 Gag polyprotein orchestrates the assembly of viral particles. Its C-terminus consists of the nucleocapsid (NC) domain that interacts with RNA, and the p6 domain containing the PTAP motif that binds the cellular ESCRT factor TSG101 and ALIX. Deletion of the NC domain of Gag (GagNC) results in defective Gag assembly, a decrease in virus production and, thus probably affects recruitment of the ESCRT machinery. To investigate the role of GagNC in this recruitment, we analysed its impact on TSG101 and ALIX localisations and interactions in cells expressing Gag. METHODS Cells expressing mCherry-Gag or derivatives, alone or together with eGFP-TSG101 or eGFP-ALIX, were analysed by confocal microscopy and FLIM-FRET. Chemical shift mapping between TSG101-UEV motif and Gag C-terminus was performed by NMR. RESULTS We show that deletion of NC or of its two zinc fingers decreases the amount of Gag-TSG101 interacting complexes in cells. These findings are supported by NMR data showing chemical shift perturbations in the NC domain in- and outside - of the zinc finger elements upon TSG101 binding. The NMR data further identify a large stretch of amino acids within the p6 domain directly interacting with TSG101. CONCLUSION The NC zinc fingers and p6 domain of Gag participate in the formation of the Gag-TSG101 complex and in its cellular localisation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study illustrates that the NC and p6 domains cooperate in the interaction with TSG101 during HIV-1 budding. In addition, details on the Gag-TSG101 complex were obtained by combining two high resolution biophysical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Edin El Meshri
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Boutant
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Assia Mouhand
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN biologiques, UMR 8015, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Expression génétique microbienne, IBPC, UMR 8261, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Thomas
- Membrane Domains and Viral Assembly, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR9004, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Valéry Larue
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN biologiques, UMR 8015, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Richert
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Vivet-Boudou
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, 15 Rue R. Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Carine Tisné
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN biologiques, UMR 8015, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Expression génétique microbienne, IBPC, UMR 8261, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- Membrane Domains and Viral Assembly, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR9004, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Hugues de Rocquigny
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France; Morphogenèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites, Inserm - U1259 MAVIVH, 10 boulevard Tonnellé - BP 3223, 37032 Tours Cedex 1 -, France.
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23
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Mishra P, Barnes CA, Strickland M, Tjandra N. Solvent saturation transfer to proteins (SSTP) for structural and functional characterization of proteins. J Biomol NMR 2018; 70:11-20. [PMID: 29189927 PMCID: PMC5820130 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-017-0151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein structure determination using NMR is dependent on experimentally acquired distance restraints. Often, however, an insufficient number of these restraints are available for determining a protein's correct fold, much less its detailed three-dimensional structure. In consideration of this problem, we propose a simple means to acquire supplemental structural restraints from protein surface accessibilities using solvent saturation transfer to proteins (SSTP), based on the principles of paramagnetic chemical-exchange saturation transfer. Here, we demonstrate the utility of SSTP in structure calculations of two proteins, TSG101 and ubiquitin. The observed SSTP was found to be directly proportional to solvent accessibility. Since SSTP does not involve the direct excitation of water, which compromises the analysis of protein protons entangled in the breadth of the water resonance, it has an advantage over conventional water-based magnetization transfers. Inclusion of structural restraints derived from SSTP improved both the precision and accuracy of the final protein structures in comparison to those determined by traditional approaches, when using minimal amounts of additional structural data. Furthermore, we show that SSTP can detect weak protein-protein interactions which are unobservable by chemical shift perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Mishra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - C Ashley Barnes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Madeleine Strickland
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nico Tjandra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 3503, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Exosomes are nanometer-scale, membrane-enclosed vesicles that can potentially be used to detect nephrotoxicity, and reveal the subsequent response of the kidney. Epithelial cells of every nephron segment can contribute to the urinary exosome population, which is rich in potential biomarkers, including membrane proteins such as transporters and receptors, transcription factors, and microRNAs. These exosomal biomarkers may be up- or downregulated upon nephrotoxicant exposure. Exosome isolation is an area of ongoing research. Although faster and simpler methods have been developed, ultracentrifugation remains a mainstay for purification. A single ultracentrifugation step provides an enriched preparation suitable for biomarker discovery, and a second ultracentrifugation on a sucrose/D2O cushion provides the purest exosome preparation currently available and may be preferred for bioactivity assays. The concentration of exosomes can be determined using Nanosight Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and their contents studied with a variety of approaches including western blots for proteins and RT-qPCR for microRNAs.
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25
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Harada T, Yamamoto H, Kishida S, Kishida M, Awada C, Takao T, Kikuchi A. Wnt5b-associated exosomes promote cancer cell migration and proliferation. Cancer Sci 2016; 108:42-52. [PMID: 27762090 PMCID: PMC5276837 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5b is a member of the same family of proteins as Wnt5a, the overexpression of which is associated with cancer aggressiveness. Wnt5b is also suggested to be involved in cancer progression, however, details remain unclarified. We analyzed the biochemical properties of purified Wnt5b and the mode of secretion of Wnt5b by cancer cells. Wnt5b was glycosylated at three asparagine residues and lipidated at one serine residue, and these post-translational modifications of Wnt5b were essential for secretion. Purified Wnt5b showed Dvl2 phosphorylation and Rac activation abilities to a similar extent as Wnt5a. In cultured-cell conditioned medium, Wnt5b was detected in supernatant or precipitation fractions that were separated by centrifugation at 100 000 g. In PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells, 55% of secreted endogenous Wnt5b was associated with exosomes. Exosomes from wild-type PANC-1 cells, but not those from Wnt5b-knockout PANC-1 cells, activated Wnt5b signaling in CHO cells and stimulated migration and proliferation of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, suggesting that endogenous, Wnt5b-associated exosomes are active. The exosomes were taken up by CHO cells and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that Wnt5b is indeed associated with exosomes. In Caco-2 colon cancer cells, most Wnt5b was recovered in precipitation fractions when Wnt5b was ectopically expressed (Caco-2/Wnt5b cells). Knockdown of TSG101, an exosome marker, decreased the secretion of Wnt5b-associated exosomes from Caco-2/Wnt5b cells and inhibited Wnt5b-dependent cell proliferation. Exosomes secreted from Caco-2/Wnt5b cells stimulated migration and proliferation of A549 cells. These results suggest that Wnt5b-associated exosomes promote cancer cell migration and proliferation in a paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shosei Kishida
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Michiko Kishida
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chihiro Awada
- Laboratory of Protein Profiling and Functional Proteomics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takao
- Laboratory of Protein Profiling and Functional Proteomics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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26
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Chua HH, Huang CS, Weng PL, Yeh TH. TSGΔ154-1054 splice variant increases TSG101 oncogenicity by inhibiting its E3-ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8240-52. [PMID: 26811492 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) elicits an array of cellular functions, including promoting cytokinesis, cell cycle progression and proliferation, as well as facilitating endosomal trafficking and viral budding. TSG101 protein is highly and aberrantly expressed in various human cancers. Specifically, a TSG101 splicing variant missing nucleotides 154 to 1054 (TSGΔ154-1054), which is linked to progressive tumor-stage and metastasis, has puzzled investigators for more than a decade. TSG101-associated E3 ligase (Tal)- and MDM2-mediated proteasomal degradation are the two major routes for posttranslational regulation of the total amount of TSG101. We reveal that overabundance of TSG101 results from TSGΔ154-1054 stabilizing the TSG101 protein by competitively binding to Tal, but not MDM2, thereby perturbing the Tal interaction with TSG101 and impeding subsequent polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TSG101. TSGΔ154-1054 therefore specifically enhances TSG101-stimulated cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and tumor growth in nude mice. This finding shows the functional significance of TSGΔ154-1054 in preventing the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolysis of TSG101, which increases tumor malignancy and hints at its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
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27
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Tabata K, Arimoto M, Arakawa M, Nara A, Saito K, Omori H, Arai A, Ishikawa T, Konishi E, Suzuki R, Matsuura Y, Morita E. Unique Requirement for ESCRT Factors in Flavivirus Particle Formation on the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2339-47. [PMID: 27545892 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavivirus infection induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane rearrangements to generate a compartment for replication of the viral genome and assembly of viral particles. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we identified several ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) proteins that are recruited to sites of virus replication on the ER. Systematic small interfering RNA (siRNA) screening revealed that release of both dengue virus and Japanese encephalitis virus was dramatically decreased by single depletion of TSG101 or co-depletion of specific combinations of ESCRT-III proteins, resulting in ≥1,000-fold titer reductions. By contrast, release was unaffected by depletion of some core ESCRTs, including VPS4. Reintroduction of ESCRT proteins to siRNA-depleted cells revealed interactions among ESCRT proteins that are crucial for flavivirus budding. Electron-microscopy studies revealed that the CHMP2 and CHMP4 proteins function directly in membrane deformation at the ER. Thus, a unique and specific subset of ESCRT contributes to ER membrane biogenesis during flavivirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tabata
- Laboratory of Viral Infection, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaru Arimoto
- Laboratory of Viral Infection, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masashi Arakawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Atsuki Nara
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-science and Technology, Nagahama 526-0829, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Saito
- Core Instrumentation Facility, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Omori
- Core Instrumentation Facility, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Arisa Arai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293 Japan
| | - Eiji Konishi
- BIKEN Endowed Department of Dengue Vaccine Development, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; BIKEN Endowed Department of Dengue Vaccine Development, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ryosuke Suzuki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiji Morita
- Laboratory of Viral Infection, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan.
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Diaz-Hidalgo L, Altuntas S, Rossin F, D'Eletto M, Marsella C, Farrace MG, Falasca L, Antonioli M, Fimia GM, Piacentini M. Transglutaminase type 2-dependent selective recruitment of proteins into exosomes under stressful cellular conditions. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1863:2084-92. [PMID: 27169926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies are revealing a role of exosomes in intercellular communication, and growing evidence indicates an important function for these vesicles in the progression and pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the biogenesis process of exosomes is still unclear. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme with different subcellular localizations. Particularly, under stressful conditions, the enzyme has been also detected in the extracellular matrix, but the mechanism(s) by which TG2 is released outside the cells requires further investigation. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to determine whether exosomes might be a vehicle for TG2 to reach the extracellular space, and whether TG2 could be involved in exosomes biogenesis. To address this issue, we isolated and characterized exosomes derived from cells either expressing or not TG2, under stressful conditions (i.e. proteasome impairment or expressing a mutated form of huntingtin (mHtt) containing 84 polyglutamine repeats). Our results show that TG2 is present in the exosomes only upon proteasome blockade, a condition in which TG2 interacts with TSG101 and ALIX, two key proteins involved in exosome biogenesis. Interestingly, we found that TG2 favours the assembly of a protein complex including mHtt, ALIX, TSG101 and BAG3, a co-chaperone involved in the clearance of mHtt. The formation of this complex is paralleled by the selective recruitment of mHtt and BAG3 in the exosomes derived from TG2 proficient cells only. Overall, our data indicate that TG2 is an important player in the biogenesis of exosomes controlling the selectivity of their cargo under stressful cellular conditions. In addition, these vesicles represent the way by which cells can release TG2 into the extracellular space under proteostasis impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Altuntas
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Marsella
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.
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29
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Zhang W, Zhang ZZ, Tang LY, Lin Y, Su FX, Xie XM, Su XF, Ren ZF. Genetic variants in EBV reactivation-related genes and the risk and survival of breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8337-47. [PMID: 26729199 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) have been suggested to involve in the reactivation of EBV which has implications in the development and progression of breast cancer. Therefore, the polymorphisms of TSG101 and ATF2 may associate with breast cancer risk and prognosis. A case-control study with 1551 breast cancer cases and 1605 age-matched controls were conducted in Guangzhou, China. We have also successfully followed up 1168 cases until December 31, 2014. The variant allele of TSG101 rs2292179 was associated with a non-significant reduced risk of breast cancer, particularly among women with BMI < 24 (kg/m(2)) (P for interaction <0.05). For ATF2 rs3845744, the variant allele was also associated with a significantly reduced breast cancer risk [odds ratio (OR) (95 % confidence interval (CI)) 0.86 (0.74∼1.00)], and the association occurred among only postmenopausal women [OR (95 % CI) 0.69 (0.54∼0.88)] (P for interaction <0.05). Breast cancer risk was further reduced with the increasing numbers of the variant G alleles of the two polymorphisms (P for trend <0.05). We did not find an overall association of the two loci with breast cancer prognosis, while the hazard ratios of the two loci (AG/GG vs. AA) were significantly higher among postmenopausal women than premenopausal women (P = 0.046, 0.016 for TSG101 rs2292179 and ATF2 rs3845744, respectively). In summary, the variant alleles of TSG101 rs2292179 and ATF2 rs3845744 were associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, particularly for subjects with BMI <24 (kg/m(2)) and postmenopausal women, respectively. The two SNPs and menopausal status may have a significant interaction on breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Zhang
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Aviation Hygiene Management Division, China Southern Airlines Company Limited, 9/F, Kangda Building, 278 Airport Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Ying Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ying Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Feng-Xi Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xie
- The Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xue-Fen Su
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ze-Fang Ren
- The School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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30
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Broniarczyk J, Bergant M, Goździcka-Józefiak A, Banks L. Human papillomavirus infection requires the TSG101 component of the ESCRT machinery. Virology 2014; 460-461:83-90. [PMID: 25010273 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV) requires the minor capsid component L2, which plays an essential role in directing appropriate endosomal trafficking. Previous studies have indicated an infection route involving multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs), and an essential element in their biogenesis is the ESCRT machinery. Here we show that the ESCRT component TSG101 is required for optimal infection with both HPV-16 and BPV-1, with loss of TSG101 resulting in a decrease in viral infection, whereas overexpressed TSG101 increases rates of infection. We find that L2 proteins from multiple PV types interact with TSG101 and show that this interaction contributes to an alteration in the subcellular distribution of L2. In addition, TSG101 can modulate the levels of L2 polyubiquitination. These results demonstrate that TSG101 plays an important part in infection with diverse PVs, and suggests that trafficking of HPV through the ESCRT machinery and MVBs is part of infectious virus entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Broniarczyk
- Department of Molecular Virology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martina Bergant
- Laboratory for Environmental Research, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Anna Goździcka-Józefiak
- Department of Molecular Virology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
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Liu Z, Yang Z, Liu D, Li D, Zou Q, Yuan Y, Li J, Liang L, Chen M, Chen S. TSG101 and PEG10 are prognostic markers in squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinomas and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1128-1138. [PMID: 24944680 PMCID: PMC3961444 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinicopathological characteristics of squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinoma (SC/ASC) are currently not well documented, and as the prevalence of SC/ASC is uncommon in gallbladder cancers, a prognostic marker has not yet been found. In the present study, the expression of tumor susceptibility gene (TSG) 101 and paternally expressed gene (PEG) 10 was assessed in 46 SC/ASCs and 80 adenocarcinomas (ACs) using immunohistochemistry, and the samples were further analyzed to examine correlations with the clinicopathological characteristics. It was demonstrated that positive TSG101 and PEG10 expression were significantly associated with large tumor size, high tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis, invasion and no resection (only biopsy) of SC/ASC and AC. The univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that positive TSG101 and PEG10 expression, and differentiation, tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, invasion and surgical curability, is closely associated with a decreased overall survival in SC/ASC and AC patients (P<0.05 or P<0.001). The multivariate Cox regression analysis identified that positive TSG101 and PEG10 expression are independent factors for a poor-prognosis in SC/ASC and AC patients. The present study indicates that positive TSG101 and PEG10 expression are closely associated with the clinical, pathological and biological behaviors, and a poor prognosis in gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Liu
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhulin Yang
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Dongcai Liu
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Daiqiang Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Zou
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jinghe Li
- Department of Pathology, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Lufeng Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Meigui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, Hunan 417011, P.R. China
| | - Senlin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Rush JS, Ceresa BP. RAB7 and TSG101 are required for the constitutive recycling of unliganded EGFRs via distinct mechanisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 381:188-97. [PMID: 23933150 PMCID: PMC3831653 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Both constitutive and ligand-mediated membrane trafficking regulate Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling. The constitutive endocytosis and recycling of the unliganded EGFR is a critical determinant of cell surface EGFR expression and the cell's sensitivity to ligands. We report that two proteins with established roles in trafficking the EGF:EGFR complex to the lysosome also regulate the recycling of the unliganded EGFR. Knock down of either Tumor suppressor gene 101 (TSG101) or RAB7 causes the endosomal accumulation of the inactive, unliganded receptor in morphologically and biochemically distinct organelles. Knock down of TSG101 causes the EGFR to accumulate in low density endosomes whereas RAB7 knock down results in EGFR accumulation in high density endosomes. Knock down of either protein caused the receptor to co-localize primarily with LAMP-1, but not EEA1. These two proteins regulate EGFR slow, perinuclear recycling, via distinct mechanism and are new molecular targets that regulate cell surface EGFR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S. Rush
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville
| | - Brian P. Ceresa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
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Wunderley L, Brownhill K, Stefani F, Tabernero L, Woodman P. The molecular basis for selective assembly of the UBAP1-containing endosome-specific ESCRT-I complex. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:663-72. [PMID: 24284069 PMCID: PMC4007767 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.140673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ESCRT-I is essential for the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting of ubiquitylated cargo such as epidermal growth factor receptor, as well as for several cellular functions, such as cell division and retroviral budding. ESCRT-I has four subunits; TSG101, VPS28, VPS37 and MVB12. There are several members of VPS37 and MVB12 families in mammalian cells, and their differential incorporation into ESCRT-I could provide function-specific variants of the complex. However, it remains unclear whether these different forms of VPS37 and MVB12 combine randomly or generate selective pairings within ESCRT-I, and what the mechanistic basis for such pairing would be. Here, we show that the incorporation of two MVB12 members, UBAP1 and MVB12A, into ESCRT-I is highly selective with respect to their VPS37 partners. We map the region mediating selective assembly of UBAP1–VPS37A to the core ESCRT-I-binding domain of VPS37A. In contrast, selective integration of UBAP1 requires both the minimal ESCRT-I-binding region and a neighbouring predicted helix. The biochemical specificity in ESCRT-I assembly is matched by functional specialisation as siRNA-mediated depletion of UBAP1, but not MVB12A and MVB12B, disrupts ubiquitin-dependent sorting at the MVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Wunderley
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Diaz L, Mao H, Zhou Y, Kohli M, Cassella J, Santos D, Fesseha Z, Weng K, Chen H, Bamba D, Marks JD, Goldblatt M, Kinch M. TSG101 exposure on the surface of HIV-1 infected cells: implications for monoclonal antibody therapy for HIV/AIDS. Am J Transl Res 2010; 2:368-380. [PMID: 20733947 PMCID: PMC2923861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
HIV infection remains a major global public health problem, in part because of the ability of the virus to elude antiretroviral therapies. Most conventional drugs were designed to directly target virus-encoded mechanisms. However, there is increasing appreciation that certain host-encoded molecules are comparably important for the viral life cycle and could therefore represent potential antiviral targets. Prominent among these is TSG101, a cytoplasmic molecule that is "hijacked" by HIV and used to facilitate viral budding and release. In our present report, we demonstrate thatTSG101 is uniquely exposed on the surface of HIV-infected cells and is available to antibody-based therapies. We also characterize the development of a monoclonal antibody, CB8-2, which reduces virus production from infected cells. These studies demonstrate the potential of TSG101-directed antibodies to combat HIV/AIDS.
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