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Ahmad G, Sohail M, Bilal M, Rasool N, Qamar MU, Ciurea C, Marceanu LG, Misarca C. N-Heterocycles as Promising Antiviral Agents: A Comprehensive Overview. Molecules 2024; 29:2232. [PMID: 38792094 PMCID: PMC11123935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses are a real threat to every organism at any stage of life leading to extensive infections and casualties. N-heterocycles can affect the viral life cycle at many points, including viral entrance into host cells, viral genome replication, and the production of novel viral species. Certain N-heterocycles can also stimulate the host's immune system, producing antiviral cytokines and chemokines that can stop the reproduction of viruses. This review focused on recent five- or six-membered synthetic N-heterocyclic molecules showing antiviral activity through SAR analyses. The review will assist in identifying robust scaffolds that might be utilized to create effective antiviral drugs with either no or few side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulraiz Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Codrut Ciurea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (L.G.M.)
| | - Luigi Geo Marceanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (L.G.M.)
| | - Catalin Misarca
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (L.G.M.)
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Abu-Melha S. Pyridyl thiosemicarbazide: synthesis, crystal structure, DFT/B3LYP, molecular docking studies and its biological investigations. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:101. [PMID: 30269227 PMCID: PMC6768131 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
N-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazinecarbothioamide has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray and spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, its geometry optimization, calculated vibrational frequencies, non-linear optical properties, electrostatic potential and average local ionization energy properties of molecular surface were being evaluated using Jaguar program in the Schrödinger's set on the basis of the density functional concept to pretend the molecular geometry and predict properties of molecule performed by the hybrid density functional routine B3LYP. Furthermore, the docking study of N-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazinecarbothioamide were applied against negative Escherichia coli bacterial and gram positive Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains by Schrödinger suite program using XP glide protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraa Abu-Melha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Girls, King Khaled University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
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Mbah JA, Ayimele GA, Kodjio N, Yong JN, Nfor EN, Gatsing D. Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Antibacterial Activity of 1-(4-Methoxybenzaldehyde)-4-Methylthiosemicarbazone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ijoc.2017.73017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kanchana Devi A, Ramesh R. Synthesis, spectral and electrochemical studies of binuclear Ru(III) complexes containing dithiosemicarbazone ligand. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 117:138-143. [PMID: 23988528 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of several new octahedral binuclear ruthenium(III) complexes of the general composition [(EPh3)2(X)Ru-L-Ru(X)(EPh3)2] containing benzene dithiosemicarbazone ligands (where E=P or As; X=Cl or Br; L=binucleating ligands) is presented. All the complexes have been fully characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy together with magnetic susceptibility measurements. IR study shows that the dithiosemicarbazone ligands behave as dianionic tridentate ligands coordinating through the oxygen atom of the deprotonated phenolic group, nitrogen atom of the azomethine group and thiolate sulphur. In DMF solution, all the complexes exhibit intense d-d transition and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transition in the visible region. The magnetic moment values of the complexes are in the range 1.78-1.82 BM, which reveals the presence of one unpaired electron on each metal ion. The EPR spectra of the liquid samples at LNT show the presence of three different 'g' values (gx≠gy≠gz) indicate a rhombic distortion around the ruthenium ion. All the complexes exhibit two quasi-reversible one electron oxidation responses (Ru(III)-Ru(III)/Ru(III)-Ru(IV); Ru(III)-Ru(IV)/Ru(IV)-Ru(IV)) within the E1/2 range of 0.61-0.74 V and 0.93-0.98 V respectively, versus Ag/AgCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kanchana Devi
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
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Kaynak FB, Özbey S, Karalı N. Three novel compounds of 5-trifluoromethoxy-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-thiosemicarbazone: Synthesis, crystal structures and molecular interactions. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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DNA binding, antioxidant, cytotoxicity (MTT, lactate dehydrogenase, NO), and cellular uptake studies of structurally different nickel(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes: synthesis, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and X-ray crystallography. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 18:233-247. [PMID: 23274397 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-012-0969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Three new nickel(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes have been synthesized and characterized by analytical, spectral, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. In complex 1, the ligand 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehydethiosemicarbazone coordinated as a monobasic tridentate donor, whereas in complexes 2 and 3, the ligands salicylaldehyde-4(N)-ethylthiosemicarbazone and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-4(N)-ethylthiosemicarbazone coordinated as a dibasic tridentate donor. The DNA binding ability of the complexes in calf thymus DNA was explored by absorption and emission titration experiments. The antioxidant property of the new complexes was evaluated to test their free-radical scavenging ability. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed for the new complexes in A549 and HepG2 cell lines. The new compounds overcome cisplatin resistance in the A549 cell line and they were also active in the HepG2 cell line. The cellular uptake study showed the accumulation of the complexes in tumor cells depended on the nature of the ligand attached to the nickel ion.
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Basu A, Thiyagarajan D, Kar C, Ramesh A, Das G. Synthesis, crystal structure and bio-macromolecular interaction studies of pyridine-based thiosemicarbazone and its Ni(ii) and Cu(ii) complexes. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40904j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Sagdinc SG, Kandemirli F, Köksoy B, Bayari SH. Experimental and Quantum Chemical Studies of 5-Fluoroisatin-3-(N-Cyclohexylthiosemicarbazone) and Its Metal Complexes. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2012.681405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Gunesdogdu Sagdinc
- a Department of Physics , Faculty of Science, University of Kocaeli , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - F. Kandemirli
- b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, University of Nigde , Nigde , Turkey
| | - B. Köksoy
- c Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, University of Marmara , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - S. Haman Bayari
- d Department of Physics , Faculty of Education, University of Hacettepe , Ankara , Turkey
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Kalaivani P, Prabhakaran R, Ramachandran E, Dallemer F, Paramaguru G, Renganathan R, Poornima P, Vijaya Padma V, Natarajan K. Influence of terminal substitution on structural, DNA, protein binding, anticancer and antibacterial activities of palladium(II) complexes containing 3-methoxy salicylaldehyde-4(N) substituted thiosemicarbazones. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:2486-99. [PMID: 22222360 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11838b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The variable chelating behavior of 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde-4(N)-substituted thiosemicarbazones was observed in equimolar reactions with [PdCl(2)(PPh(3))(2)]. The new complexes were characterized by various analytical, spectroscopic techniques (mass, (1)H-NMR, absorption, IR). All the new complexes were structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic results showed that the ligands H(2)L(1) and H(2)L(4) are coordinated as binegative tridentate ONS donor ligands in the complexes 1 and 4 by forming six and five member rings. However, the ligands H(2)L(2) and H(2)L(3) bound to palladium in 2 and 3 as uninegative bidentate NS donors by forming a five member chelate ring. From this study, it was found that the substitution on terminal 4(N)-nitrogen may have an influence on the chelating ability of thiosemicarbazone. The presence of hydrogen bonding in 2 and 3 might be responsible for preventing the coordination of phenolic oxygen to the metal ion. The interaction of the complexes with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been explored by absorption and emission titration methods. Based on the observations, an electrostatic binding mode of DNA has been proposed. The protein binding studies were monitored by quenching of tryptophan and tyrosine residues in the presence of complexes using Lysozyme as model protein. Antibacterial activity studies of the complexes have been screened against pathogenic bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MIC50 values of the complexes showed that they exhibited significant activity against the pathogens and among them, 3 exhibited higher activity. Further, anticancer activity of the complexes on the lung cancer cell line A549 has also been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kalaivani
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
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Kalaivani P, Prabhakaran R, Dallemer F, Poornima P, Vaishnavi E, Ramachandran E, Padma VV, Renganathan R, Natarajan K. DNA, protein binding, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and antibacterial activities of new palladium(ii) complexes of thiosemicarbazone ligands: effects of substitution on biological activity. Metallomics 2012; 4:101-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00144b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Prabhakaran R, Kalaivani P, Poornima P, Dallemer F, Paramaguru G, Vijaya Padma V, Renganathan R, Huang R, Natarajan K. One pot synthesis of structurally different mono and dimeric Ni(ii) thiosemicarbazone complexes and N-arylation on a coordinated ligand: a comparative biological study. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:9323-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12231f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Türkkan B, Sarıboğa B, Sarıboğa N. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde-S-methylthiosemicarbazones and their Ni(II) complexes. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-011-9518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Özil M, Menteşe E, Yilmaz F, İslamoğlu F, Kahveci B. Synthesis of Novel Triazol Compounds containing Isatin as Potential Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents by Microwave and Conventional Methods. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x13043524455143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microwave irradiation has been used to accelerate the conversion of isatin (1a) and 5-nitroisatin (1b) into their Schiff bases 3-[5 ’-aryl(alkyl)-2 ’,4 ’-dihydro-1 ’,2 ’,4 ’-triazol-3 ’-on-4 ’-yl]iminoisatin (3a–g) and 3-[5 ’-aryl(alkyl)-2 ’,4 ’-dihydro-1 ’,2 ’,4 ’-triazol-3 ’-on-4 ’-yl]imino-5-nitroisatin (4a–g), respectively. Reaction was achieved by microwave-induced technique, which reduced the reaction time drastically and improved the yield when compared to conventional heating. The newly synthesised bases showed moderate antimicrobial activity against the standard bacterial and fungal organisms tested
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Özil
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Rize University, 53100 Rize-Turkey
| | - Emre Menteşe
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Rize University, 53100 Rize-Turkey
| | - Fatih Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Rize University, 53100 Rize-Turkey
| | - Fatih İslamoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Rize University, 53100 Rize-Turkey
| | - Bahittin Kahveci
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Rize University, 53100 Rize-Turkey
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14
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Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of hydrazone and bishydrazone derivatives of isatin. Pharm Chem J 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-010-0436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Synthesis, antiviral and antimicrobial screening of some new 2-oxoindoline derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-009-0301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Bal-Demirci T. Synthesis, spectral characterization of the zinc(II) mixed-ligand complexes of N(4)-allyl thiosemicarbazones and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, and crystal structure of the novel [ZnL2(tmen)] compound. Polyhedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Bal TR, Anand B, Yogeeswari P, Sriram D. Synthesis and evaluation of anti-HIV activity of isatin β-thiosemicarbazone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4451-5. [PMID: 16115762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2005] [Revised: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of pharmacophoric modelling studies of existing NNRTIs, a series of isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their anti-HIV activity in HTLV-III(B) strain in the CEM cell line. Three compounds showed significant anti-HIV activity, whereupon compound 6 was found to be the most active compound with an EC(50) value of 2.62 microM and a selectivity index of 17.41, while not being cytotoxic to the cell line at a CC(50) value of 44.90 microM. Other tested compounds exhibited marked activity below their toxicity threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Ratan Bal
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
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Sau DK, Butcher RJ, Chaudhuri S, Saha N. Spectroscopic, structural and antibacterial properties of copper(II) complexes with bio-relevant 5-methyl-3-formylpyrazole N(4)-benzyl-N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone. Mol Cell Biochem 2004; 253:21-9. [PMID: 14619952 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026041032078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The coordination behaviour of the title ligand, 5-methyl-3-formylpyrazole N(4)-benzyl-N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone (HMPz4BM), is reported with solid state isolation of copper(II) complexes, [Cu(HMPz4BM)X2] (X = Cl, Br, NO3, ClO4 and BF4) which have been spectroscopically and structurally characterised. I.r. data for the free ligand and its Cu(II) complexes indicate that HMPz4BM exhibits a neutral NNS tridentate function via the pyrazolyl nitrogen(tertiary), azomethine nitrogen and thione sulphur. Electronic spectral data are suggestive of a square pyramidal environment for the seemingly pentacoordinated Cu(II) species. E.s.r parameters (RT and LNT) of the reported copper(II) complexes are indicative of a dx2-y2 ground state for the reported species. Cyclic voltammograms of Cu(II) complexes show a quasireversible CuII/CuIII couple and also an irreversible CuII/CuI couple. X-ray crystallography of a representative species, [Cu(HMPz4BM)(NO3)2] (C2/c, monoclinic), has unambiguously documented the conjectural findings from i.r. data that coordinating sites of the title ligand are pyrazolyl (tertiary) nitrogen, azomethine nitrogen and the thione sulphur (NNS); and the oxygen of one of the nitrate ions has occupied the basal plane; the fifth coordination position has been occupied by the oxygen of another nitrate ion in a square pyramidal geometry. The antibacterial properties of the ligand and its copper(II) complexes studied on microorganism, Staphylococcus aureus have pointed out that most of the complexes have higher activities than that of the free ligand.
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Abstract
Although most antibiotics do not need metal ions for their biological activities, there are a number of antibiotics that require metal ions to function properly, such as bleomycin (BLM), streptonigrin (SN), and bacitracin. The coordinated metal ions in these antibiotics play an important role in maintaining proper structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Removal of the metal ions from these antibiotics can cause changes in structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Similar to the case of "metalloproteins," these antibiotics are dubbed "metalloantibiotics" which are the title subjects of this review. Metalloantibiotics can interact with several different kinds of biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, receptors, and lipids, rendering their unique and specific bioactivities. In addition to the microbial-originated metalloantibiotics, many metalloantibiotic derivatives and metal complexes of synthetic ligands also show antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-neoplastic activities which are also briefly discussed to provide a broad sense of the term "metalloantibiotics."
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-June Ming
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biomolecular Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250, USA.
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de Oliveira MRP, Torres JC, Garden SJ, dos Santos CVB, Alves TR, Pinto AC, Pereira HDS, Ferreira LRL, Moussatché N, Frugulhetti ICDPP, Ferreira VF, de Souza MCBV. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of isatin ribonucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2002; 21:825-35. [PMID: 12537024 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120016510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel substituted isatin ribonucleosides 3b-3f were synthesized in good yields by a TMSOTf catalysed coupling reaction between the silylated nitrogenated base (1b-1f) and 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranose (2). Isatin nucleoside 3a previously reported was also prepared using this method giving high yield. From the compounds tested, ribonucleoside 3f proved to be the most active one when assayed for antiviral activitiy on HSV-1 infected cells, leading to 66% of inhibition of virus yield. All the isatin derivatives tested did not inhibit HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara R P de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21945-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
A new series of 5-nitro-1H-indole-2,3-dione-3-thiosemicarbazones (3a-k) obtained by condensation of 5-nitro-1H-indole-2,3-dione (1) with N-substituted-thiosemicarbazides (2a-k) were treated with morpholine or piperidine and formaldehyde to yield 1-morpholino/piperidinomethyl-5-nitroindole-2,3-dione-3-thiosemicarbazones (4a-m). The structures of all the compounds were determined by analytical and spectral (IR, 1H-NMR, EIMS) methods. Compounds 3b, 3c, 3f, 3k, 4a, 4c, 4f and 4l chosen as prototypes were evaluated in the National Cancer Institute's 3-cell line, one dose in vitro primary cytotoxicity assay. All the compounds that passed the criteria for activity in this assay were scheduled automatically for evaluation against the full panel of 60 human tumour cell lines at a minimum of five concentrations at 10-fold dilutions. Sulphorhodamine B (SRB) protein assay was used to estimate cell stability or growth. The most active compound was found to be 1-morpholinomethyl-5-nitroindole-2,3-dione-3-N-(chlorophenyl)thiosemicarbazone (4l). This compound demonstrated the most marked effects in the National Cancer Institute's 60 human tumour cell line in vitro screen on a non-small cell lung cancer cell line (HOP-62, log(10)GI(50) value <-8.00) and on leukaemia cell lines (HL-60(TB), log(10)GI(50) value -6.30; MOLT-4, log(10)GI(50) value -6.18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgün Karali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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De Tomassi A, Pizzuti M, Graziani R, Sbardellati A, Altamura S, Paonessa G, Traboni C. Cell clones selected from the Huh7 human hepatoma cell line support efficient replication of a subgenomic GB virus B replicon. J Virol 2002; 76:7736-46. [PMID: 12097587 PMCID: PMC136363 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.15.7736-7746.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamarins (Saguinus species) infected by GB virus B (GBV-B) have recently been proposed as an acceptable surrogate model for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The availability of infectious genomic molecular clones of both viruses will permit chimeric constructs to be tested for viability in animals. Studies in cells with parental and chimeric constructs would also be very useful for both basic research and drug discovery. For this purpose, a convenient host cell type supporting replication of in vitro-transcribed GBV-B RNA should be identified. We constructed a GBV-B subgenomic selectable replicon based on the sequence of a genomic molecular clone proved to sustain infection in tamarins. The corresponding in vitro-transcribed RNA was used to transfect the Huh7 human hepatoma cell line, and intracellular replication of transfected RNA was shown to occur, even though in a small percentage of transfected cells, giving rise to antibiotic-resistant clones. Sequence analysis of GBV-B RNA from some of those clones showed no adaptive mutations with respect to the input sequence, whereas the host cells sustained higher GBV-B RNA replication than the original Huh7 cells. The enhancement of replication depending on host cell was shown to be a feature common to the majority of clones selected. The replication of GBV-B subgenomic RNA was susceptible to inhibition by known inhibitors of HCV to a level similar to that of HCV subgenomic RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo De Tomassi
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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Pandeya SN, Sriram D, Nath G, De Clercq E. Synthesis, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-HIV activities of norfloxacin mannich bases. Eur J Med Chem 2000; 35:249-55. [PMID: 10758286 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(00)00125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mannich bases of norfloxacin were synthesized by reacting them with formaldehyde and several isatin derivatives. Their chemical structures have been confirmed by means of their IR, 1H-NMR data and by elemental analysis. Investigation of in vitro antimicrobial activity of compounds was done by the agar dilution method against 28 pathogenic bacteria, eight pathogenic fungi and anti-HIV activity against replication of HIV-1 (III B) in MT-4 cells. The in vivo antibacterial efficacy of selected derivatives was determined using a mouse infection model. All the synthesized compounds are more active than norfloxacin against the 13 bacteria tested. The compounds are also more active than the standard drug clotrimazole against Histoplasma capsulatum. Two compounds S-8 and S-9 have shown inhibition against HIV-1 (III B) with EC(50) values of 11.3 and 13.9 microgram/mL, respectively. In the mouse protection test, two compounds S-4 (ED(50): 1.25 mg/kg) and S-9 (ED(50): 1.62 mg/kg) are more active than norfloxacin (ED(50): 6mg/kg). Among the compounds tested, 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-7[[N(4)-[5'-bromo-3'-(4'-amino-5'-trimethoxybenzylpyr imidin-2'-yl]-imino-1'-isatinyl]methyl]N(1)-piperazinyl]-3-q uinoline carboxylicacid (S-9) showed promising activity in all the three tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Pandeya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Rodríguez-Argüelles MC, Sánchez A, Belicchi Ferrari M, Gasparri Fava G, Pelizzi C, Pelosi G, Albertini R, Lunghi P, Pinelli S. Transition-metal complexes of isatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone. X-ray crystal structure of two nickel complexes. J Inorg Biochem 1999; 73:7-15. [PMID: 10212992 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(98)10085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc complexes of isatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone (H2L) have been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized The X-ray crystal structures of two nickel complexes, namely [Ni(HL)2]. EtOH (1) and [Ni(HL)2]. 2DMF (2), reveal a distorted octahedral coordination with the monodeprotonated ligand that behaves as an O,N,S terdentate. Different packing interactions are determined by the presence of different crystallization solvents, i.e., ethanol in 1 and dimethylformamide (DMF) in 2. 1H and 13C NMR studies of the ligand and zinc complexes in solution were carried out and a complete assignment for the ligand was made by homodecoupling, gradient assisted 2D 1H-13C HMQC and HMBC NMR spectroscopy. Biological studies, carried out in vitro on human leukaemic cell lines U937, have shown that the free ligand and the copper (II) complex are more active in the inhibition of cell proliferation than the nickel complexes. No compound was able to induce apoptosis.
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Joselice e Silva M, Alves AJ, Do Nascimento SC. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of N-substituted thiosemicarbazones of 3-(3,4-methylenedioxy)phenylpropanal. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 1998; 53:241-3. [PMID: 9639871 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(97)00022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Five new N-substituted thiosemicarbazones of 3-(3,4-methylenedioxy)phenylpropanal were synthesized. Safrole, a natural product obtained from sassafras oil (Ocotea pretiosa), was oxidized to alcohol using BH3-THF and H2O2, followed by oxidation to aldehyde using pyridinium dichromate (PDC) and condensation with five N-substituted derivatives of thiosemicarbazide. Tests were performed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity with continuous chain KB cells (epidermoide carcinoma of the floor of the mouth). Compounds 5 and 6 showed IC50 values of 1.5 and 4.6 micrograms/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joselice e Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Química-Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia-UFPE, Recife, Brazil
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Novelli EL, Silva AM, Monteiro JP, Sacomani LB, Novellif JL. Free radical production by azomethine H: effects on pancreatic and hepatic tissues. Free Radic Res 1997; 26:319-24. [PMID: 9167936 DOI: 10.3109/10715769709097811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The antimalarial properties of azomethine H represent the basis for its use as a chemotherapeutic agent. This work was carried out in order to verify the biological side effects of azomethine H and to clarify the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process. It was shown that azomethine H increased serum activities of amylase, alanine transaminase (ALT) and the TBARS concentrations, in rats. No changes were observed in glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities. The drug-induced tissue damage might be due to superoxide radicals (O2.-), since Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activities were increased by azomethine H treatment. This study allows tentative conclusions to be drawn regarding which reactive oxygen metabolites play a role in azomethine H activity. We concluded that (O2.-) maybe produced as a mediator of azomethine H action.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Novelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, I.B., University Estadual Paulista, UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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