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Akhigbe R, Odetayo A, Akhigbe T, Hamed M, Ashonibare P. Pathophysiology and management of testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury: Lessons from animal models. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27760. [PMID: 38694115 PMCID: PMC11058307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion is a urological emergency that involves the twisting of the spermatic cord along its course. Compelling pieces of evidence have implicated oxidative stress-sensitive signaling in pathogenesis of testicular I/R injury. Although, surgical detorsion is the mainstay management; blockade of the pathways involved in the pathogenesis may improve the surgical outcome. Experimental studies using various testicular I/R models have been reported in a bid to explore the mechanisms associated with testicular I/R and evaluate the benefits of potential therapeutic measures; however, most are limited by their shortcomings. Thus, this review was intended to describe the details of the available testicular I/R models as well as their merits and drawbacks, the pathophysiological basis and consequences of testicular I/R, and the pharmacological agents that have being proposed to confer testicular benefits against testicular I/R. This provides an understanding of the pathophysiological events and available models used in studying testicular I/R. In addition, this research provides evidence-based molecules with therapeutic potentials as well as their mechanisms of action in testicular I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.E. Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A.F. Odetayo
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - T.M. Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Breeding and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Agronomy, Osun State University, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - M.A. Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- The Brainwill Laboratory, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - P.J. Ashonibare
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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2
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Kartal S, Şen A, Tümkaya L, Erdivanlı B, Mercantepe T, Yılmaz A. The effect of dexmedetomidine on liver injury secondary to lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion in a diabetic rat model. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:677-682. [PMID: 34109906 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1937204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the hepatic protective effects of dexmedetomidine in the lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion model in diabetic rats biochemically and histopathologically.Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n = 6); Control (C) group, diabetic control group (DM), diabetic ischemia-reperfusion group (IR), group with diabetic IR and dexmedetomidine (DEX). In the IR and DEX groups were performed 120 min reperfusion after 120 min ischemia. In group DEX, 100 µ / kg dexmedetomidine was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before renal IR administration. Then, various histopathological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in liver tissue.Results: After ischemia-reperfusion, aspartate amino transaminase, alanine amino transaminase, total oxidant level, and thiobarbituric acid -reactive substances were increased, total thiol group and total antioxidant level were decreased and these parameters were found to improve in the group given dexmedetomidine. It was also observed that there was histopathological deterioration after ischemia-reperfusion and histopathological deterioration was found to be less with dexmedetomidine administration.Conclusion: The effects of lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion on hepatic tissue as distant organs were evaluated in diabetic rats, histopathologically, immunologically, biochemically, and liver damage was determined after ischemia-reperfusion, and dexmedetomidine was found to decrease liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyfi Kartal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, University of Healthy Sciences, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Şen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, University of Healthy Sciences, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Levent Tümkaya
- Department of Medical Sciences Histology Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Rize, Turkey
| | - Basar Erdivanlı
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Medical Sciences Histology Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yılmaz
- Department of Basic Sciences Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Rize, Turkey
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3
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Xiao J, Wan W, Zhang Y, Ma J, Yan L, Luo Y, Tang J. Administration of Dexmedetomidine Does Not Produce Long-Term Protective Effect on Testicular Damage Post Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:315-321. [PMID: 33536744 PMCID: PMC7850429 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s293926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background After surgical correction of testicular torsion, up to 68% of ipsilateral testes undergo atrophy due to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Recent studies have shown that dexmedetomidine (Dex) alleviates IRI in various vital organs. However, those studies evaluated its protective effect on short-term reperfusion. Purpose We aimed to investigate whether Dex has a long-term protective effect against testicular injury after IRI. Materials and Methods A total of 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8/group): the control group (saline-infused rabbits without IRI), the IRI group (saline-injected rabbits with IRI), and the Dex group (Dex-injected rabbits with IRI). The spermatic cord of rabbits in IRI and Dex groups was ligated for 4 h, and 1 h before reperfusion, Dex was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 μg/kg body weight in group Dex, whereas saline was administered at the same dose to the IRI and control groups. Rabbits were kept alive for 4 weeks post reperfusion, then the testes were harvested, and the rabbits were euthanized. Results Four weeks post reperfusion, testicular volumes of the affected side decreased considerably in the IRI and Dex groups compared to the control group, with no significant difference between the IRI and Dex groups. Compared to the control group, the Johnson score and the mean seminiferous tubular diameters were significantly decreased in the IRI and Dex groups, but no significant differences were observed after administration of Dex. There were no significant differences in malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels between the groups treated with and without Dex. Conclusion Dex administration 3 h after ischemia and 1 h before reperfusion did not demonstrate a significant protective effect against testicular injury 4 weeks after IRI in rabbits. Further research is needed to confirm the potential therapeutic effects of Dex by varying the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasound, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Wan
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasound, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukun Luo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasound, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasound, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Alawamlh OAH, Flannigan R, Hayden R, Goldstein M, Li PS, Lee RK. Testicular Torsion and Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:287-306. [PMID: 34453742 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Testicular torsion (TT) is a common urologic emergency that can occur at any age. It is most common in newborns and during puberty. Prompt evaluation and management is required to salvage the testis following an episode of torsion. TT brings about damage to testicular tissue and spermatogenesis through various hypothesized mechanisms; however there is a consensus that the effects of ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and oxidative stress account for the most destructive effects. Numerous studies have examined the effects of various agents and therapies in limiting the effects of TT on the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al Hussein Alawamlh
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Flannigan
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russell Hayden
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Goldstein
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip S Li
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard K Lee
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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König KS, Verhaar N, Hopster K, Pfarrer C, Neudeck S, Rohn K, Kästner SBR. Ischaemic preconditioning and pharmacological preconditioning with dexmedetomidine in an equine model of small intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224720. [PMID: 32348301 PMCID: PMC7190151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small intestinal strangulation associated with ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is common in horses. In laboratory animals IRI can be ameliorated by ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) and pharmacological preconditioning (PPC) with dexmedetomidine. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PPC with dexmedetomidine or IPC in an equine model of small intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR). In a randomized controlled experimental trial, 15 horses were assigned to three groups: control (C), IPC, and PPC with dexmedetomidine (DEX). All horses were placed under general anaesthesia and 90% jejunal ischaemia was induced for 90 minutes, followed 30 minutes of reperfusion. In group IPC, three short bouts of ischaemia and reperfusion were implemented, and group DEX received a continuous rate infusion of dexmedetomidine prior to the main ischaemia. Jejunal biopsies were collected before ischaemia (P), and at the end of ischaemia (I) and reperfusion (R). Mucosal injury was assessed by the Chiu-Score, inflammatory cells were stained by cytosolic calprotectin. The degree of apoptosis and cell necrosis was assessed by cleaved-caspase-3 and TUNEL. Parametric data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements followed by Dunnetts t-test. Non parametric data were compared between groups at the different time points by a Kruskal-Wallis-Test and a Wilcoxon-2-Sample-test. The mucosal injury score increased during I in all groups. After reperfusion, IRI further progressed in group C, but not in IPC and DEX. In all groups the number of cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL positive cells increased from P to I. The number of TUNEL positive cells were lower in group DEX compared to group C after I and R. Infiltration with calprotectin positive cells was less pronounced in group DEX compared to group C, whereas in group IPC more calprotectin positive cells were seen. In conclusion, IPC and DEX exert protective effects in experimental small intestinal ischaemia in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin S. König
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Verhaar
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Hopster
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christiane Pfarrer
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Neudeck
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Rohn
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine B. R. Kästner
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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6
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Dejban P, Rahimi N, Takzare N, Jahansouz M, Haddadi NS, Dehpour AR. Beneficial effects of dapsone on ischemia/reperfusion injury following torsion/detorsion in ipsilateral and contralateral testes in rat. Theriogenology 2019; 140:136-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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7
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The role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the protection process by dexmedetomidine against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Life Sci 2019; 236:116921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Yin L, Chen X, Ji H, Gao S. Dexmedetomidine protects against sepsis‑associated encephalopathy through Hsp90/AKT signaling. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4731-4740. [PMID: 31702043 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis‑associated encephalopathy (SAE) is characterized by neuronal apoptosis and changes in mental status. Accumulating evidence has. indicated that dexmedetomidine is capable of protecting the brain against external stimuli and improving cognitive dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on SAE and the role of heat‑shock protein (Hsp)90/AKT signaling in an experimental model of sepsis. The SAE model was established by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) in vivo and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated hippocampal neuronal cultures in vitro. It was found that dexmedetomidine inhibited caspase‑3, but increased the expression level ofBcl‑2 in CLP rats. CLP rats also exhibited a decreased level of phosphorylated AKT Thr 308 and Hsp90, and their expression could be reversed by treatment with dexmedetomidine. Additionally, application of dexmedetomidine increased cell survival and decreased neuronal apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine could be reversed by 17‑AAG (a Hsp90 inhibitor), or wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor). Analysis of TUNEL staining indicated that dexmedetomidine improved LPS‑induced neuronal apoptosis, which could be eradicated by AKT short hairpin RNA transfection, prazosin or yohimbine. Finally, dexmedetomidine ameliorated both the emotional and spatial cognitive disorders without alteration in locomotor activity. The present findings suggested that dexmedetomidine may protect the brain against SAE, and that the Hsp90/AKT pathway may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
| | - Shunli Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
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Dejban P, Rahimi N, Takzare N, Jahansouz M, Dehpour AR. Protective effects of sumatriptan on ischaemia/reperfusion injury following torsion/detorsion in ipsilateral and contralateral testes of rat. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13358. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Dejban
- Experimental Medicine Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Nasrin Takzare
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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10
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Taman HI, Elhefnawy E. Hepatic Protective Effect of Dexmedetomidine after Partial Hepatectomy Surgery: A Prospective Controlled Study. Anesth Essays Res 2019; 13:132-137. [PMID: 31031493 PMCID: PMC6444966 DOI: 10.4103/aer.aer_106_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflow occlusion of the portal triad is a common blood loss-reducing method during hepatectomy which may induce ischemic-reperfusion injury of the remaining parts of the liver. Dexmedetomidine is used for reducing ischemic-reperfusion injury in hepatectomy. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on liver after partial hepatectomy using inflow occlusion. Setting and Design: This prospective controlled, double-blinded, randomized study included any patients of either sex with age between 20 and 70 years, those in physical status American Society of Anesthesiologists Classes I and II, and those who were planned for partial hepatectomy. Patients and Methods: Patients with elective hepatectomy were randomized into dexmedetomidine group, which received dexmedetomidine at 0.3 mg/kg/h, and control group, which received a placebo. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 18. Data were tested using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, independent t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test, and Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05. Results: Serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin time were higher in control group in comparison to dexmedetomidine group. Hypotension duration was lower in control group in comparison to dexmedetomidine group. Vasoconstrictor usage, amount of blood loss, and colloid, crystalloid, and blood given to patients were higher in control group in comparison to the study group. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine can protect the liver during hepatic resection surgery with inflow occlusion with decreasing blood loss and need for blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani I Taman
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Emad Elhefnawy
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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11
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Erbatur ME, Sezen ŞC, Bayraktar AC, Arslan M, Kavutçu M, Aydın ME. Effects of dexmedetomidine on renal tissue after lower limb ischemia reperfusion injury in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Libyan J Med 2017; 12:1270021. [PMID: 28452604 PMCID: PMC5328322 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2017.1270021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate whether dexmedetomidine - administered before ischemia - has protective effects against lower extremity ischemia reperfusion injury that induced by clamping and subsequent declamping of infra-renal abdominal aorta in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS After obtaining ethical committee approval, four study groups each containing six rats were created (Control (Group C), diabetes-control (Group DM-C), diabetes I/R (Group DM-I/R), and diabetes-I/R-dexmedetomidine (Group DM-I/R-D). In diabetes groups, single-dose (55 mg/kg) streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneally. Rats with a blood glucose level above 250 mg/dl at the 72nd hour were accepted as diabetic. At the end of four weeks, laparotomy was performed in all rats. Nothing else was done in Group C and DM-C. In Group DM-I/R, ischemia reperfusion was produced via two-hour periods of clamping and subsequent declamping of infra-renal abdominal aorta. In Group DM-I/R-D, 100 μg/kg dexmedetomidine was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before ischemia period. At the end of reperfusion, period biochemical and histopathological evaluation of renal tissue specimen were performed. RESULTS Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathion S transferase (GST) levels were found significantly higher in Group DM-I/R when compared with Group C and Group DM-C. In the dexmedetomidine-treated group, TBARS, NOS, CAT, and GST levels were significantly lower than those measured in the Group D-I/R. In histopathological evaluation, glomerular vacuolization (GV), tubular dilatation (TD), vascular vacuolization and hypertrophy (VVH), tubular cell degeneration and necrosis (TCDN), tubular hyaline cylinder (THC), leucocyte infiltration (LI), and tubular cell spillage (TCS) in Group DM-I/R were significantly increased when compared with the control group. Also, GV, VVH, and THC levels in the dexmedetomidine-treated group (Group DM-I/R-D) were found significantly decreased when compared with the Group DM-I/R. CONCLUSION We found that dexmedetomidine - 100 μg/kg intraperitoneally - administered 30 minutes before ischemia in diabetic rats ameliorates lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and I-R-related renal injury. We suggest that dexmedetomidine administration in diabetic rats before I/R has renoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Erdal Erbatur
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şaban Cem Sezen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | | | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kavutçu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Enes Aydın
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Vaos G, Zavras N. Antioxidants in experimental ischemia-reperfusion injury of the testis: Where are we heading towards? World J Methodol 2017; 7:37-45. [PMID: 28706858 PMCID: PMC5489422 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v7.i2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion (TT) is a medical emergency that primary affects newborns and young adolescents. It causes testicular injury due to the torsion of the spermatic cord and its components, initially in the venous blood flow and finally in the arterial blood flow. Prompt diagnosis and early surgical management are necessary in managing this urgent situation. The process of the pathophysiological events in ischemia-reperfusion is multifactorial and deals with the perception of the oxidative stress responsible for the consequences of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) stress following TT. Duration and severity of torsion also play a significant role in the oxidative stress. A detrimental result of the defense system of the testes takes place resulting finally in testicular atrophy and impaired function. Antioxidant factors have been experimentally studied in an effort to front this state. They have been classified as endogenous or exogenous antioxidants. Endogenous antioxidants comprise a structure of enzymic enzymatic and non-enzymic enzymatic particles presented within cytoplasm and numerous other subunits in the cells. Exogenous antioxidants include a variety of natural and pharmaceutical agents that may prevent or ameliorate the harmful effects of I/R injury. In this study we review those factors and their ability to enhance the oxidative status of the testis. A feature insight into where we are heading is attempted.
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13
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Arena S, Iacona R, Antonuccio P, Russo T, Salvo V, Gitto E, Impellizzeri P, Romeo C. Medical perspective in testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2115-2122. [PMID: 28565817 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion or torsion of the spermatic cord is one of the most serious urological conditions. It causes testicular injury, which potentially leads to male subfertility. The turning of the spermatic cord and spermatic structures around themselves results in biochemical and histological changes; however, following testicular detorsion, tissues undergo reperfusion that causes more severe damage than that induced by ischemia. Since the primary causes of testicular damage are reactive oxygen species production, an increase in intra-mitochondrial calcium concentration and an increased rate of cellular apoptosis, different medications may potentially be effective. It seems that several medications, experimentally and sometimes clinically, serve an adjuvant role in the cellular damage that occurs following ischemia-reperfusion. Antioxidants, calcium channel blockers, phytotherapeutical medicinals, anaesthetics, hormones and platelet inhibitors may potentially create a solid basis for an adjuvant restoring therapy and ameliorate testicular function following torsion. The current study aimed to review the relevant literature and discuss the actions of a number of molecules that may protect the testes during ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Arena
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Iacona
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Pietro Antonuccio
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Russo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salvo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Neonatal and Intensive Care Unit, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Neonatal and Intensive Care Unit, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Impellizzeri
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Romeo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
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Erol B, Sari U, Amasyali AS, Ozkanli S, Sogut S, Hanci V, Efiloglu O, Danacioglu YO, Engin P, Yencilek F, Atis G, Yildirim A, Alkoc OA, Caskurlu T. Comparison of combined antioxidants and thymoquinone in the prevention of testis ischemia - reperfusion injury. Andrology 2016; 5:119-124. [PMID: 27748062 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to compare the preventive effects of combined antioxidants (CA1, 2) with a single antioxidant drug (thymoquinone; TQ) on experimental testis Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury. Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of seven rats each: control, testis I/R, testis I/R + CA1, testis I/R + CA2, and testis I/R + TQ. After 1 h of testicular ischemia, reperfusion was achieved by detorsion for 4 h. Antioxidants were intraperitoneally administered for 30 min prior to reperfusion. All rats were sacrificed 4 h after reperfusion to evaluate the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status (TAS) and the immunohistochemical evaluation of tissue inducible and endothelial nitric acid synthase (iNOS, eNOS) and apoptosis protease-activating factor 1 (APAF-1). MDA levels were lower and TAS values were higher in the I/R + antioxidant groups than in the I/R group (p < 0.05). iNOS and eNOS levels in the I/R + antioxidant groups were also lower than those in the I/R group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the CA groups and the TQ group according to aforementioned parameters. In addition, tissue APAF-1 values were significantly higher in the I/R group than in the other groups. However, there was a significant difference between the TQ and CA groups in APAF-1 levels, which were highest in the TQ group (p < 0.05). Although TQ alone increased TAS values and reduced tissue iNOS and eNOS levels, combined antioxidant treatment may more effectively reduce apoptosis and increase preventive effects in testis I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Erol
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - U Sari
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A S Amasyali
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - S Ozkanli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Sogut
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - V Hanci
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - O Efiloglu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Y O Danacioglu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - P Engin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Yencilek
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G Atis
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Yildirim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O A Alkoc
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T Caskurlu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kim HJ, Lee JW, Hwang BR, Lee YA, Kim JI, Cho YJ, Jhun HJ, Han JS. Protective effect of pterostilbene on testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51:1192-6. [PMID: 26976774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate protective effect of pterostilbene against testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which results in increased formation of oxidative stress, leading to testicular apoptosis and impaired spermatogenesis. METHODS Thirty two pubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-220g were selected and randomly divided into the following four groups: group A (normal control group), group B (sham-operated group), group C (induced I/R injury group), group D (induced I/R injury group receiving pterostilbene treatment). Johnsen's scores and mean seminiferous tubule diameters were evaluated for histopathologic assessment; germinal cell apoptosis was evaluated by the transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunohistochemistry for caspases. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed as an indicator of oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured. RESULTS Germ cell apoptosis and MDA level significantly increased whereas TAC significantly decreased in group C; moreover, abnormal morphology and impaired spermatogenesis were observed in group C. In contrast, treatment with pterostilbene inhibited lipid peroxidation and apoptosis induced by ROS and restored the antioxidant capacity in group D. CONCLUSIONS These results show that treatment with pterostilbene may be a promising therapy for testicular I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Kim
- The Institute for the 3Rs & Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- The Institute for the 3Rs & Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Hwang
- The Institute for the 3Rs & Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Shingu College University, 2 Geumgwang-dong, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 462-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Kim
- The Institute for the 3Rs & Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ju Cho
- Department of Pet Science, Seojeong College University, Yongam-ri, Eunhyeon-m yeon, Yangju-si, Gyeonggi-do 482-777, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jhung Jhun
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Han
- The Institute for the 3Rs & Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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Kurt O, Yazici CM, Gevher F, Balci H, Yitik A, Ozkara H. The Effect of Testicular Torsion Duration on Testicular Steroidogenesis in the Rat Model. Urol Int 2016; 97:358-364. [DOI: 10.1159/000443969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Naloxone pretreatment prevents kidney injury after liver ischemia reperfusion injury. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:1113-20. [PMID: 27055556 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, on the renal injury as a remote organ after hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups as follows: sham, sham + naloxone, IR and IR + naloxone. In anesthetized rats, hepatic ischemia was applied for 30 min in IR and IR + naloxone groups. Sham + naloxone and IR + naloxone groups were given naloxone (3.0 mg/kg, iv) 30 min before ischemia. After 24 h, blood and tissue samples were obtained for histopathological, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Histopathological study of liver in IR group showed enlarged sinusoids, sinusoidal congestion, cellular degenerative changes and necrosis. The kidney of the rats with hepatic IR showed pathological changes in tubular cell swelling, tubular dilatation, moderate to severe necrosis, glomerular fibrosis and hemorrhage. Histological examination confirmed the extent of hepatic and renal changes in IR group was higher (P < 0.05) than in other groups. Rats that underwent hepatic IR exhibited significant increase in serum concentrations of urea and creatinine levels (P < 0.05). The serum alanine aminotransferase and aminotransferase values were significantly higher in IR group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Liver IR produced a significant increase in hepatic and renal tissue MDA levels, while pretreatment with naloxone was associated with a significantly lower MDA levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that naloxone pretreatment protected the renal injury from hepatic IR.
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18
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Regulatory effects of anesthetics on nitric oxide. Life Sci 2016; 151:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Dexmedetomidine Protects against Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151620. [PMID: 26982373 PMCID: PMC4794239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a major perioperative complication, and diabetes increases the response of oxidative stress and inflammation induced by I/R. The objective of this study was to determine the protective effect of dexmedetomidine against transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats. METHODS Sixty-four rats were assigned into four experimental groups: normoglycemia, normoglycemia + dexmedetomidine, hyperglycemia, and hyperglycemia + dexmedetomidine and all subsequent neurological examinations were evaluated by a blinded observer. Damage to the brain was histologically assessed using the TUNEL staining method while western blotting was used to investigate changes in the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins as well as the microglia marker, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1). Water content in the brain was also analyzed. In addition, hippocampal concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nox2 (a member of the Nox family of NADPH oxidases), and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase were analyzed. Finally, changes in serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 were detected. RESULTS Results showed that diabetes increased brain water content, the number of apoptotic neurons, early neurological deficit scores, oxidative stress (MDA and Nox2) and inflammation (pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6) levels following transient global I/R injury, but that these symptoms were attenuated following administration of dexmedetomidine. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that dexmedetomidine can significantly alleviate damage resulting from I/R, and this mechanism may be related to a reduction in both oxidative stress and inflammation which is normally associated with I/R.
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Fayed NA, Sayed EI, Saleh SM, Ehsan NA, Elfert AY. Effect of dexmedetomidine on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in the setting of adult living donor liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2016; 30:470-82. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmeen A. Fayed
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; ShebeenAlkoom Menoufia Egypt
| | - Eman I. Sayed
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; ShebeenAlkoom Menoufia Egypt
| | - Sherif M. Saleh
- Hepatobiliary Surgery; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; ShebeenAlkoom Menoufia Egypt
| | - Nermen A. Ehsan
- Pathology; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; ShebeenAlkoom Menoufia Egypt
| | - Ashraf Y. Elfert
- Clinical Biochemistry; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; ShebeenAlkoom Menoufia Egypt
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21
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Tuglu D, Yuvanc E, Ozan T, Bal F, Yilmaz E, Atasoy P, Kisa U, Batislam E. Protective effects of udenafil citrate, piracetam and dexmedetomidine treatment on testicular torsion/detorsion-induced ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Andrologia 2015; 48:676-82. [PMID: 26589469 DOI: 10.1111/and.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant properties of udenafil citrate (1.4 mg kg(-1) -2.8 mg kg(-1) ), dexmedetomidine 25 μg kg(-1) and piracetam 200 mg kg(-1) administered on ipsilateral/contralateral testes after ischaemia in a rat model of testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) and define its protective effect histologically. Fifty-six Wistar albino rats were included and randomly assigned into 6 groups. No intervention was performed in control group (Group 1, n = 8) and in torsion/detorsion group, (Group 2, n = 8). Udenafil 1.4 mg kg(-1) was given to torsion/detorsion group (Group 3, n = 10), udenafil 2.8 mg kg(-1) was given to torsion/detorsion group (Group 4, n = 10), piracetam 200 mg kg(-1) was given to torsion/detorsion group (Group 5, n = 10) and dexmedetomidine 25 μg kg(-1) was given to torsion/detorsion group (Group 6, n = 10) intraperitoneally after 60 mins of testicular torsion. Biochemical and histopathological testicular injury were evaluated. When the tissue was examined by TOS values, Group 3, Group 4 and Group 5 were significantly lower than Group 2. In contrary Group 6 values were significantly higher than Group 2. The increasing doses of udenafil demonstrated antioxidant properties on the testis tissue and histopathological that protects the testicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tuglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - E Yuvanc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - T Ozan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, University of Firat, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - F Bal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - E Yilmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - P Atasoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - U Kisa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - E Batislam
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey
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22
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Erol B, Turker T, Tok A, Bektas S, Mungan G, Ozkanli S, Karakas B, Tokgoz H, Akduman B, Mungan A. The protective effects of tadalafil on renal damage following ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2015; 31:454-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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23
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Sun Y, Gao Q, Wu N, Li SDE, Yao JX, Fan WJ. Protective effects of dexmedetomidine on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:647-652. [PMID: 26622369 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been hypothesized to possess anti-oxidative properties that may mitigate the damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of DEX on intestinal contractile activity, inflammation and apoptosis following intestinal IR injury. Intestinal IR injury was induced in rats by complete occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min, followed by a 60-min reperfusion period. Rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 25 µg/kg DEX at 30 min prior to the mesenteric IR injury. Following reperfusion, segments of the terminal ileum were rapidly extracted and transferred into an isolated organ bath. The contractile responses to receptor-mediated acetylcholine (Ach) and non-receptor-mediated potassium chloride (KCl) were subsequently examined. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined and the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, Bax and Bcl-2 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of telomerase and caspase-3 were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that DEX treatment produced a significant reduction in the IR-induced contractile response to Ach and KCl in the intestinal tissue. Furthermore, DEX appeared to significantly ameliorate intestinal IR injury, in addition to reducing the production of NO. Similar reductions were observed in the intestinal expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, DEX treatment resulted in a reduction in the expression levels of Bax in the intestinal tissues, while increasing those of Bcl-2, in addition to significantly increasing the mRNA levels of telomerase and caspase-3. Therefore, the present study indicated that NO, TNF-α and IL-6 may partially contribute to the pathogenesis of intestinal IR injury in addition to the increased expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, telomerase and caspase-3. These findings suggest that DEX possesses beneficial anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in intestinal tissue following bowel injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- Department of Surgery, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Surgery, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Anesthesia, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-DE Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xin Yao
- Department of Anesthesia, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Fan
- Department of Anesthesia, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, P.R. China
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Tuglu D, Yuvanc E, Yılmaz E, Gencay IY, Atasoy P, Kisa U, Batislam E. The antioxidant effect of dexmedetomidine on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Acta Cir Bras 2015; 30:414-21. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150060000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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25
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Hanci V, Gülle K, Karakaya K, Yurtlu S, Akpolat M, Yüce MF, Yüce FZ, Turan IÖ. Dexmedetomidina retal em ratos: avaliação dos efeitos sedativos e sobre a mucosa. Braz J Anesthesiol 2015; 65:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjan.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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26
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Preventive effects of dexmedetomidine on the liver in a rat model of acid-induced acute lung injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:621827. [PMID: 25165710 PMCID: PMC4138784 DOI: 10.1155/2014/621827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether dexmedetomidine improves acute liver injury in a rat model. Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats weighing 300–350 g were allocated randomly to four groups. In group 1, normal saline (NS) was injected into the lungs and rats were allowed to breathe spontaneously. In group 2, rats received standard ventilation (SV) in addition to NS. In group 3, hydrochloric acid was injected into the lungs and rats received SV. In group 4, rats received SV and 100 µg/kg intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine before intratracheal HCl instillation. Blood samples and liver tissue specimens were examined by biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. Acute lung injury (ALI) was found to be associated with increased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant activity (TOA), oxidative stress index (OSI), and decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Significantly decreased MDA, TOA, and OSI levels and significantly increased TAC levels were found with dexmedetomidine injection in group 4 (P < 0.05). The highest histologic injury scores were detected in group 3. Enhanced hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and reduced CD68 expression were found in dexmedetomidine group compared with the group 3. In conclusion, the presented data provide the first evidence that dexmedetomidine has a protective effect on experimental liver injury induced by ALI.
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Abstract
Testicular torsion is a urological emergency most commonly seen in adolescence, involving a decrease in blood flow in the testis resulting from torsion of the spermatic cord that can result in gonad injury or even loss if not treated in time. Testicular ischaemia-reperfusion injury represents the principle pathophysiology of testicular torsion, with ischaemia caused by twisting of the spermatic cord, and reperfusion on its subsequent release. Many cellular and molecular mechanisms are involved in ischaemia-reperfusion injury following testicular torsion. Studies have investigated the use of pharmacological agents as supportive therapy to surgical repair in order to prevent the adverse effects of testicular torsion. Numerous substances have been proposed as important in the prevention of post-ischaemia-reperfusion testicular injury. A range of chemicals and drugs has been successfully tested in animal models for the purpose of mitigating the dangerous effects of ischaemia-reperfusion in testis torsion.
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28
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Cai Y, Xu H, Yan J, Zhang L, Lu Y. Molecular targets and mechanism of action of dexmedetomidine in treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1542-50. [PMID: 24627001 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly specific α2-adrenergic agonist, which exhibits anaesthetic-sparing, analgesia and sympatholytic properties. DEX modulates gene expression, channel activation, transmitter release, inflammatory processes and apoptotic and necrotic cell death. It has also been demonstrated to have protective effects in a variety of animal models of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, including the intestine, myocardial, renal, lung, cerebral and liver. The broad spectrum of biological activities associated with DEX continues to expand, and its diverse effects suggest that it may offer a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of human diseases with I/R involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cai
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jia Yan
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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29
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DaJusta DG, Granberg CF, Villanueva C, Baker LA. Contemporary review of testicular torsion: new concepts, emerging technologies and potential therapeutics. J Pediatr Urol 2013; 9:723-30. [PMID: 23044376 PMCID: PMC3566290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Testicular torsion is one of the few emergencies in pediatric urology which requires an accurate and timely diagnosis in order to avoid testis loss. It is not an uncommon event affecting a young male population. In fact, testicular torsion is more common than testicular tumors for this same age group, yet testicular torsion has not been given the public attention it deserves as a male health risk. In this review we highlight the new information published over the past four years regarding testicular torsion. We will discuss a variety of topics associated with torsion including: medical legal issues, etiology and genetics, imaging diagnostics, innovative surgical techniques, management controversies, fertility, and new drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G DaJusta
- Children's Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
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Gul M, Kayhan B, Elbe H, Dogan Z, Otlu A. Histological and biochemical effects of dexmedetomidine on liver during an inflammatory bowel disease. Ultrastruct Pathol 2013; 39:6-12. [PMID: 24134660 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2013.829150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in the liver is an extraintestinal manifestation that is frequently seen during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The authors investigated histopathologycal, ultrastructural and antioxidant effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on liver during trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Thirty-two BALB/c mice were divided (n = 8) as follows: control; Dex (dexmedetomidine) (30 μg/kg) for 6 days; TNBS 150 μL, TNBS + ethanol (50% w/v) intrarectally; TNBS + Dex. The histopathological and ultrastructural changes were evaluated. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPx and SOD) were measured in liver tissue. Induction of colitis induced histopathological and ultrastructural changes of damage in liver. Those changes were markedly reduced in the TNBS + Dex group and that reduction was even significant in comparison to the TNBS group. MDA levels were significantly higher in the TNBS group and dexmedetomidine significantly elevated SOD levels in the TNBS + Dex group. These results suggest that the administration of dexmedetomidine reduces the histopathological and ultrastructural damage and increases the defense capacity against oxidative damage on liver in this IBD mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and
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Si Y, Bao H, Han L, Shi H, Zhang Y, Xu L, Liu C, Wang J, Yang X, Vohra A, Ma D. Dexmedetomidine protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury by inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling activation. J Transl Med 2013; 11:141. [PMID: 23759023 PMCID: PMC3700850 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The α2-adrenoreceptor agonist dexmedetomidine is known to provide renoprotection against ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. However the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway plays a role in dexmedetomidine’s renoprotection. Methods I/R model was induced by bilateral renal pedicle clamping for 45 min followed by 48 h of reperfusion in male Wistar rat. Sham laparotomy served as controls. Animals received dexmedetomidine (50 μg/kg, i.p.) in the absence or presence of atipamezole (250 μg/kg, i.p.), or vehicle (DMSO) in the absence or presence of selective JAK2 inhibitor tyrphostin AG490 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) before ischemia. Renal function, histology, apoptosis, expression of cleaved caspase 3 protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and phosphorylations of JAK2, STAT1 and STAT3 were assessed. Results The animals treated with either dexmedetomidine or AG490 exhibited an improved renal functional recovery, attenuated histological lesions and reduced number of apoptotic tubular epithelial cells. Either dexmedetomidine or AG490 inhibited the phosphorylations of JAK2 and its downstream molecule STAT1 and STAT3, accompanied by down-regulation the expression of cleaved caspase 3, ICAM-1 and MCP-1 proteins, and significantly ameliorated renal I/R injury. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine protects kidney against I/R injury, at least in part, through its inhibitory effects on injury-induced activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway. If our data can be extrapolated to clinical setting, then dexmedetomidine may therefore serve as a clinical strategy to treat/prevent perioperative renal I/R injury.
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Chang Y, Huang X, Liu Z, Han G, Huang L, Xiong YC, Wang Z. Dexmedetomidine inhibits the secretion of high mobility group box 1 from lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages In vitro. J Surg Res 2013; 181:308-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Use of dexmedetomidine to prevent pulmonary injury after pneumoperitoneum in ventilated rats. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2013; 22:447-53. [PMID: 23047391 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0b013e31826183df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in preventing lung injury resulting from pneumoperitoneum in a ventilated rat model. METHODS Animals (n=18) were allocated randomly into 3 groups: control group, no pneumoperitoneum; sham group, pneumoperitoneum with intra-abdominal pressure of 12 mm Hg for 60 minutes; and dexmedetomidine group, dexmedetomidine administration 30 minutes before pneumoperitoneum. The rats were rested for 30 minutes after abdominal deflation. Then, blood samples were obtained for plasma malondialdehyde and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) analyses. Tissue samples were taken for histopathologic examination and malondialdehyde analysis. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the sham group had a significantly higher level of plasma IMA. Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the IMA level. Histopathologically, tissues from sham rats exhibited moderate or severe tissue damage, compared with control tissues. Dexmedetomidine-treated rats showed significantly less tissue damage than sham rats. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine prophylaxis resulted in significantly less IMA production and significantly less neutrophil infiltration, thereby helping to protect the lungs from injury after pneumoperitoneum.
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The effects of dexmedetomidine on secondary acute lung and kidney injuries in the rat model of intra-abdominal sepsis. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:292687. [PMID: 23476127 PMCID: PMC3586481 DOI: 10.1155/2013/292687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of dexmedetomidine on secondary lung and kidney injuries were studied in the rat model of intra-abdominal sepsis by immunohistological and biochemical examinations. We measured serum creatinine, kidney tissue malondialdehide and plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels. In order to evaluate tissue injury we determined kidney tissue mononuclear cell infiltration score, alveolar macrophage count, histological kidney and lung injury scores and kidney and lung tissue immunoreactivity scores. We demonstrated that dexmedetomidine attenuates sepsis-induced lung and kidney injuries and apoptosis in the rat model of sepsis. There is still need for comparative studies in order to determine the effects of dexmedetomidine on organ functions in early human sepsis.
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Sugita S, Okabe T, Sakamoto A. Continuous Infusion of Dexmedetomidine Improves Renal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rat Kidney. J NIPPON MED SCH 2013; 80:131-9. [DOI: 10.1272/jnms.80.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sugita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Tadashi Okabe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Atsuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
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Tüfek A, Tokgöz O, Aliosmanoglu I, Alabalik U, Evliyaoglu O, Çiftçi T, Güzel A, Yıldırım ZB. The protective effects of dexmedetomidine on the liver and remote organs against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Int J Surg 2012; 11:96-100. [PMID: 23261946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and hepatic IR induced remote organ injury. METHODS Forty Wistar albino rats were divided into the following four groups: sham, dexmedetomidine, IR, and IR + dexmedetomidine. Hepatic ischemia was created by the Pringle maneuver for 30 min followed by a 30 min reperfusion period in the IR and IR + dexmedetomidine groups. The dexmedetomidine and IR + dexmedetomidine groups were administered dexmedetomidine (100 μg/kg, single dose) intraperitoneally after the anesthesia insult. Blood samples and hepatic, renal, and lung tissue specimens were obtained to measure serum and tissue total oxidative activity (TOA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), paraoxonase (PON-1), and oxidative stress index (OSI) after 60 min in all groups. RESULTS According to the biochemical analyses of the samples taken from the serum and the liver, lung, and kidney tissues, when comparing the sham group and the IR group, TOA and OSI values were higher in the IR group, while TAC and PON-1 values were lower (p < 0.05). It was observed that TOA and OSI values were significantly lower, while TAC and PON-1 values increased with dexmedetomidine treatment (p < 0.05). In addition, dexmedetomidine ameliorated hepatic histopathological changes inducing IR, but there were no significant histopathological changes in the remote organs. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that dexmedetomidine markedly reduced the oxidative stress in serum, liver, and remote organs induced by hepatic IR injury, and ameliorated the histopathological damage in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Tüfek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
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Hancı V, Yurdakan G, Yurtlu S, Turan IÖ, Sipahi EY. Protective effect of dexmedetomidine in a rat model of α-naphthylthiourea–induced acute lung injury. J Surg Res 2012; 178:424-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Arslan M, Metin Çomu F, Küçük A, Oztürk L, Yaylak F. Dexmedetomidine protects against lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte deformability alterations in experimental hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury. Libyan J Med 2012; 7:LJM-7-18185. [PMID: 22645631 PMCID: PMC3360891 DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v7i0.18185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury is a common clinical problem in hepatic surgery and transplantation. Several cellular and tissue structural and functional alterations are observed in such injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte deformability during ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Twenty-four Wistar Albino rats were randomly separated into three groups as control (C), ischemia–reperfusion injury (I/R) and dexmedetomidine group (I/R-D). Ischemia was induced with portal clampage for 45 min and reperfusion period was 45 min after declampage. Group I/R-D received dexmedetomidine 100 µg/kg i.p. 30 min before portal clampage. Serum malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activities to document lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte deformability index were investigated. Results Serum superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde activity levels were significantly higher and erythrocyte deformability index was decreased in hepatic ischemia–reperfusion group. However, these changes were observed to be prevented with dexmedetomidine treatment when given before portal clampage. Conclusion These findings clearly indicate that erythrocyte deformability index is decreased in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury and has a potential role to prevent these alterations. The protective effect of dexmedetomidine on hepatic I/R injury is also decreased lipid peroxidation. Further experimental and clinical investigations may clarify the molecular mechanisms and clinical significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
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The effects of dexmedetomidine on mesenteric arterial occlusion-associated gut ischemia and reperfusion-induced gut and kidney injury in rabbits. J Surg Res 2012; 178:223-32. [PMID: 22560540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the antioxidant activity of dexmedetomidine (Dex) administered during the ischemic period in a rabbit model of mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury using biochemical and histopathological methods. METHODS A total of 24 male New Zealand white rabbits weighing between 2.5 and 3.0 kg were randomly divided into three groups: the sham group (Group S, n = 8), the I/R group (Group I/R, n = 8), and the I/R plus Dex treatment group (Group Dex, n = 8). In the I/R group, ischemia was achieved with 60 min of mesenteric occlusion. The sham group provided normal basal values. The rabbits in Group I/R were operated to achieve I/R. Group Dex received intravenous Dex 30 min after the commencement of reperfusion (10 μg/kg Dex was infused within 10 min, and then a maintenance dose of 10 μg/kg/h Dex was infused intravenously). For the measurement of tissue malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, lipid hydroperoxide levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and myeloperoxidase activity levels in the renal tissue samples of animals, the rabbits in each group were sacrificed 3 h after reperfusion. The histopathological examination scores were determined using the intestinal and renal tissues. RESULTS The mean malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, myeloperoxidase, and lipid hydroperoxide levels were significantly higher in Group I/R than in Groups S and Dex (P < 0.05). There also were significant decreases in the mean total antioxidant status, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities in Group I/R compared with Groups S and Dex (P < 0.05). The histopathological examination scores of the intestinal and renal tissues were significantly higher in Group I/R compared with Groups S and Dex (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dex treatment may have biochemical and histopathological benefits by preventing I/R-related cellular damage of intestinal and renal tissues as shown in an experimental mesenteric ischemia model. The preference to use Dex for anesthesia during the mesenteric ischemia procedure may attenuate I/R injury in intestinal and renal tissues.
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