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Besci Ö, Sevim RD, Acinikli KY, Demir K, Çatlı G, Özhan B, Ünüvar T, Anık A, Abacı A, Altıncık A. Clinical Characteristics of Children with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency and the Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2023. [PMID: 38049102 DOI: 10.1055/a-2186-9304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with congenital combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) and evaluate the first-year growth responses of individuals with CPHD and isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) in order to establish the influence of other hormone deficiencies on growth response. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study was conducted in four tertiary care centers in Turkey. The records of patients diagnosed with CPHD (n=39) and severe IGHD (n=50) were collected. Cases with acquired lesions or chronic diseases were not included in the study. Data are presented as median (interquartile range). RESULTS Among 39 patients (13 females; 33%) with a diagnosis of CPHD, the majority of patients (64%) presented initially with combined deficits at baseline examination, whereas isolated deficiencies (36%) were less prevalent. Among all patients with GH deficiency, TSH, ACTH, FSH/LH, and ADH deficiencies were present in 94%, 74%, 44%, and 9% of patients, respectively. Patients with CPHD were diagnosed at a younger age (4.9 (8.4) vs. 11.6 (4.1), p<0.001, respectively) and had lower peak GH concentrations (0.4 (1.8) vs. 3.7 (2.9), p<0.001, respectively) than patients with IGHD. Patients with IGHD and CPHD had similar first-year growth responses (Δheight SD score of 0.55 (0.63) vs. 0.76 (0.71), respectively, p=0.45). CONCLUSIONS We established the nature and timing of numerous hormonal deficits emerging over time. We also identified that the existence of CPHD did not hinder growth response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Besci
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Korcan Demir
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gönül Çatlı
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Özhan
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Tolga Ünüvar
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Anık
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Abacı
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayça Altıncık
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Donbaloğlu Z, Singin B, Acar S, Bedel A, Barsal Çetiner E, Aydın Behram B, Parlak M, Tuhan H. Evaluation of the growth response of children with growth hormone deficiency according to the peak growth hormone levels in provocation tests. Arch Pediatr 2023; 30:573-579. [PMID: 37802668 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the relation between the peak growth hormone (GH) levels in provocation tests and response to recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy in patients with GH deficiency (GHD). METHODS This was a cross-sectional, single-center, and retrospective study. A total of 135 patients under the age of 16 years who were diagnosed with GHD through insulin tolerance tests and L-DOPA stimulation tests and who received rhGH therapy for at least 2 years in the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic of Akdeniz University Hospital between 1997 and 2021 were included in the study. RESULTS The patients were divided into two groups: idiopathic GHD (group I, n = 119) and multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies or organic pathology on magnetic resonance imaging (group II, n = 16). The patients in group I were classified into three subgroups according to the peak GH values in the provocation tests (group Ia: peak GH <3 μg/L, n = 34; group Ib: peak GH between 3 and 7 μg/L, n = 71; group Ic: peak GH between 7 and 10 μg/L, n = 34). The median age was 11.5 years in group I (8.8 in group Ia, 12.1 in group Ib, 12.3 in group Ib) and 8.8 years in group II. The height standard deviation score (SDS) was -2.93 in group I (-2.85 in group Ia, -2.99 in group Ib, -2.94 in group Ic) and -3.79 in group II. The median Δheight SDS was 0.61 in group I and 1.05 in group II at the end of the first year of treatment and 0.31 in group I and 0.45 in group II at the end of the second year (p = 0.005 and p = 0.074, respectively). When the subgroups of group I were compared, height SDS, Δheight SDS, and height velocity (HV) SDS were all higher in group Ia at the end of the first year of rhGH therapy (p = 0.040, p = 0.029, and p = 0.005, respectively). The height SDS was still significantly higher in group Ia (p = 0.033) while the HV SDS and Δheight SDS were similar between the groups at the end of the second year of therapy (p = 0.164 and p = 0.522, respectively). There was a statistically significant association between the first-year HV SDS and the peak GH value in provocation tests in multiple regression analyses (p<0.001). In addition, the final model revealed that height SDS and weight SDS at the start of the treatment and the first-year HV SDS are the factors with a statistically significant effect on the second-year HV SDS (p = 0.022, p = 0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings show that the lower the GH peak in provocation tests, the better the response to treatment. The best HV was observed in the first year of rhGH therapy, and the diagnosis should be checked in those patients who had a low first-year HV and did not have a severely low GH peak in provocation tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Donbaloğlu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Berna Singin
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sezer Acar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Manisa City Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Aynur Bedel
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ebru Barsal Çetiner
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bilge Aydın Behram
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mesut Parlak
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hale Tuhan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
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Lonero A, Giotta M, Guerrini G, Calcaterra V, Galazzi E, Iughetti L, Cassio A, Wasniewska GM, Mameli C, Tornese G, Salerno M, Cherubini V, Caruso Nicoletti M, Street ME, Grandone A, Giacomozzi C, Faienza MF, Guzzetti C, Bellone S, Parpagnoli M, Musolino G, Maggio MC, Bozzola M, Trerotoli P, Delvecchio M. Isolated childhood growth hormone deficiency: a 30-year experience on final height and a new prediction model. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1709-1717. [PMID: 35567736 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the near-final height (nFHt) in a large cohort of pediatricpatients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and to elaborate a new predictive method of nFHt. METHODS We recruited GHD patients diagnosed between 1987 and 2014 and followed-up until nFHt. To predict the values of nFHt, each predictor was run in a univariable spline. RESULTS We enrolled 1051 patients. Pre-treatment height was -2.43 SDS, lower than parental height (THt) (-1.09 SDS, p < 0.001). The dose of recombinant human GH (rhGH) was 0.21mg/kg/week at start of treatment. nFHt was -1.08 SDS (height gain 1.27 SDS), higher than pre-treatment height (p < 0.001) and comparable to THt. 1.6% of the patients were shorter than -2 SDS from THt. The rhGH dose at nFHt was 0.19 mg/kg/week, lower than at the start (p < 0.001). The polynomial regression showed that nFHt was affected by gender, THt, age at puberty, height at puberty, age at the end of treatment (F = 325.37, p < 0.0001, R2 87.2%). CONCLUSION This large national study shows that GHD children can reach their THt. The rhGH/kg/day dose significantly decreased from the start to the end of the treatment. Our model suggests the importance of a timely diagnosis, possibly before puberty, the beneficial effect of long-term treatment with rhGH, and the key-role of THt. Our prediction model has a very acceptable error compared to the majority of other published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lonero
- Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, AOU Policlinico di Bari, piazza G.Cesare 11, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Giotta
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Guerrini
- Specialty School of Paediatrics - Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Galazzi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatric Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cassio
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Unit of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Mameli
- Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Salerno
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Valentino Cherubini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, G. Salesi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Mother and Child, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Grandone
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Giacomozzi
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Carlo Poma Hospital, ASST-Mantova, Mantua, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Paediatric Unit, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Guzzetti
- SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico "A. Cao", ASSL Cagliari, Novara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bellone
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Musolino
- Ambulatorio di Auxologia ed Endocrinologia pediatrica, S.C. Pediatria, Ospedale Pediatrico "Filippo Del Ponte", ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Maggio
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infantile Care, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Delvecchio
- Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, AOU Policlinico di Bari, piazza G.Cesare 11, Bari, Italy.
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Maniatis AK, Nadgir U, Saenger P, Reifschneider KL, Abuzzahab J, Deeb L, Fox LA, Woods KA, Song W, Mao M, Chessler SD, Komirenko AS, Shu AD, Casella SJ, Thornton PS. Switching to Weekly Lonapegsomatropin from Daily Somatropin in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency: The fliGHt Trial. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 95:233-243. [PMID: 35263755 PMCID: PMC9501775 DOI: 10.1159/000524003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The phase 3 fliGHt Trial evaluated the safety and tolerability of once-weekly lonapegsomatropin, a long-acting prodrug, in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) who switched from daily somatropin therapy to lonapegsomatropin. METHODS This multicenter, open-label, 26-week phase 3 trial took place at 28 sites across 4 countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the USA). The trial enrolled 146 children with GHD, 143 of which were previously treated with daily somatropin. All subjects received once-weekly lonapegsomatropin 0.24 mg human growth hormone/kg/week. The primary outcome measure was safety and tolerability of lonapegsomatropin over 26 weeks. Secondary outcome measures assessed annualized height velocity (AHV), height standard deviation score (SDS), and IGF-1 SDS at 26 weeks. RESULTS Subjects had a mean prior daily somatropin dose of 0.29 mg/kg/week. Treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) reported were similar to the published AE profile of daily somatropin therapies. After switching to lonapegsomatropin, the least-squares mean (LSM) AHV was 8.7 cm/year (95% CI: 8.2, 9.2) at Week 26 and LSM height SDS changed from baseline to Week 26 of +0.25 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.29). Among switch subjects, the LSM for average IGF-1 SDS was sustained at Weeks 13 and 26, representing an approximate 0.7 increase from baseline (prior to switching from daily somatropin therapy). Patient-reported outcomes indicated a preference for weekly lonapegsomatropin among both children and their parents. CONCLUSIONS Lonapegsomatropin treatment outcomes were as expected across a range of ages and treatment experiences. Switching to lonapegsomatropin resulted in a similar AE profile to daily somatropin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulhas Nadgir
- Center of Excellence in Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Paul Saenger
- NYU Langone Health, New York University Langone, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Larry Deeb
- TMH Physician Partners Metabolic Health Center Pediatric Endocrinology, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Larry A. Fox
- Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Katie A. Woods
- Doernbecher Children's Hospital at Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Wenjie Song
- Ascendis Pharma, Incorporated, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Meng Mao
- Ascendis Pharma, Incorporated, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | | | - Aimee D. Shu
- Ascendis Pharma, Incorporated, Palo Alto, California, USA,*Aimee D. Shu,
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Lim HH, Kim YM, Lee GM, Yu J, Han HS, Yu J. Growth Responses During 3 Years of Growth Hormone Treatment in Children and Adolescents With Growth Hormone Deficiency: Comparison Between Idiopathic, Organic and Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency, and Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e90. [PMID: 35315601 PMCID: PMC8938607 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to compare the growth responses to 3 years of growth hormone (GH) treatment in children and adolescents with GH deficiency (GHD) according to idiopathic, organic, isolated (IGHD), and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD). METHODS Total 163 patients aged 2-18 years (100 males and 63 females; 131 idiopathic and 32 organic GHD; 129 IGHD and 34 MPHD) were included from data obtained from the LG Growth Study. Parameters of growth responses and biochemical results were compared during the 3-year GH treatment. RESULTS The baseline age, bone age (BA), height (Ht) standard deviation score (SDS), weight SDS, mid-parental Ht SDS, predicted adult Ht (PAH) SDS, and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) SDS were significantly higher in the organic GHD patients than in the idiopathic GHD patients, but peak GH on the GH-stimulation test, baseline GH dose, and mean 3-year-GH dosage were higher in the idiopathic GHD patients than in the organic GHD patients. The prevalence of MPHD was higher in the organic GHD patients than in the idiopathic GHD patients. Idiopathic MPHD subgroup showed the largest increase for the ΔHt SDS and ΔPAH SDS during GH treatment, and organic MPHD subgroup had the smallest mean increase after GH treatment, depending on ΔIGF-1 SDS and ΔIGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) SDS. The growth velocity and the parental-adjusted Ht gain were greater in the idiopathic GHD patients than the organic GHD patients during the 3-year GH treatment, which may have been related to the different GH dose, ΔIGF-1 SDS, and ΔIGFBP-3 SDS between two groups. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that baseline IGF-1 SDS, BA, and MPH SDS in idiopathic group and baseline HT SDS in organic group are the most predictable parameters for favorable 3-year-GH treatment. CONCLUSION The 3-year-GH treatment was effective in both idiopathic and organic GHD patients regardless of the presence of MPHD or underlying causes, but their growth outcomes were not constant with each other. Close monitoring along with appropriate dosage of GH and annual growth responses, not specific at baseline, are more important in children and adolescents with GHD for long-term treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01604395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hyuk Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yoo Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Jaehong Yu
- Joey Children's Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Heon-Seok Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeesuk Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
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Tidblad A, Gustafsson J, Marcus C, Ritzén M, Ekström K. Metabolic Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment in Short Prepubertal Children: A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 93:519-528. [PMID: 33684919 DOI: 10.1159/000513518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth hormone (GH) is a central hormone for regulating linear growth during childhood and also highly involved in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and protein. However, few studies report on how treatment with GH during childhood influences metabolic parameters. Our aim was to investigate metabolic effects of different doses of GH in short children with GH peak levels in the low to normal range. DESIGN Thirty-five prepubertal short children (<-2.5 SDS), aged 7-10 years, with peak levels of GH between 7 and 14 μg/L during an arginine-insulin tolerance test, were randomized to 3 different doses (11/33/100 μg/kg/day) of GH treatment for 2 years. Auxological and metabolic investigations were performed. These included metabolites in blood and interstitial microdialysis fluid, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT), and stable isotope examinations of rates of glucose production and lipolysis. RESULTS At 24 months, the high-dose group (HD) had higher fasting insulin compared with the standard-dose (SD) and low-dose (LD) groups (HD: 111.7 vs. SD: 61.2 and LD: 46.0 pmol/L [p < 0.001]) and showed signs of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, HD: 4.20 vs. SD: 2.17 and LD: 1.71 (LD) [p < 0.001]). The FSIVGTT also demonstrated higher acute insulin response (p < 0.05). Few other metabolic differences were found at 24 months, but a decreased insulin sensitivity index (Si) could already be seen at 12 months for both SD and HD compared with the LD group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Treatment with GH resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in insulin sensitivity, demonstrated by higher levels of fasting insulin and signs of insulin resistance in both HOMA indices and FSIVGTT examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Tidblad
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Jan Gustafsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claude Marcus
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Ritzén
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas Ekström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ariza-Jimenez AB, Leiva Gea I, Martinez-Aedo Ollero MJ, Lopez-Siguero JP. Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency and Idiopathic Short Stature: Comparative Efficiency after Growth Hormone Treatment up to Adult Height. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214988. [PMID: 34768508 PMCID: PMC8585059 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment with growth hormone (GH) is not approved for idiopathic short stature (ISS) in Europe. OBJECTIVES To compare the growth of children treated with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) vs. ISS-treated and untreated children. METHODS A retrospective descriptive study of patients treated in the last 14 years for IGHD (Group A), in comparison with ISS-treated (Group B) and untreated (Group C) subjects. RESULTS Group A had 67 males, who showed a height gain of 1.24 SD. Group B had 30 boys, who showed a height gain of 1.47 SD. Group C had 42 boys, who showed an improvement of 0.37 SD. The final heights were -1.52 SD, -1.31 SD, and -2.03 SD, respectively. Group A and C did not reach their target heights (with differences of 0.27 SD and 0.59 SD, respectively). Group B surpassed their target height by 0.29 SD. CONCLUSIONS The final heights of the IGHD and treated ISS are similar. Treated groups were taller than untreated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Belen Ariza-Jimenez
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.M.-A.O.); (J.P.L.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.-B.A.-J.); (I.L.G.)
| | - Isabel Leiva Gea
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.M.-A.O.); (J.P.L.-S.)
- Pediatric Research, Fundación Pública Andaluza Para la Investigación de Málaga en Biomedicina y Salud, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.-B.A.-J.); (I.L.G.)
| | | | - Juan Pedro Lopez-Siguero
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.M.-A.O.); (J.P.L.-S.)
- Pediatric Research, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Aycan Z, Araslı Yılmaz A, Yel S, Savaş Erdeve Ş, Çetinkaya S. Evaluation of Growth Hormone Results in Different Diagnosis and Trend Over 10 Year of Follow-up: A Single Center Experience. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2021; 13:332-341. [PMID: 33749217 PMCID: PMC8388049 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2021.2020.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the results of diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of the patients who recieved growth hormone (GH) treatment for the last 10 years and to determine the differences in the process and results over the years. METHODS Anthropometric, clinical, laboratory data, treatment adherence and side effects were evaluated retrospectively in 767 patients who recieved GH treatment between 2009-2018. Patients were grouped as isolated GH deficiency (IGHD), multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD), small for gestational age (SGA), and Turner syndrome (TS) depending on diagnosis. RESULTS GH treatment was started in 689 cases (89.8%) with IGHD, 24 (3.1%) with MPHD, 26 (3.4%) with SGA and 28 (3.7%) with TS. Median age of GH treatment onset was the earliest in SGA (8.4 years) and the latest in the IGHD group (12.0 years). At the time of treatment cessation, height standard deviation score (SDS) in IGHD and MPHD was significantly higher than treatment initiation time, whereas there was no significant difference in TS and SGA. One hundred eighty-nine cases reached the final height. Final heights for girls/boys were: IGHD 154/164.9 cm; MPHD 156.2/163.5 cm; TS 146.7 cm; and SGA 145.7/-cm, respectively. Target height SDS-final height SDS median values were IGHD: 0.1, MPHD: 0.6, SGA: 0.5, TS: 2.4 respectively. The patients’ treatment compliance was high (92%) and the incidence of side effects was low (2.7%). CONCLUSION In our cohort, GH treatment start age was late and no difference in this was observed in the last 10 years. The improvement in the height SDS was most marked in the IGHD and MPHD groups, the least in the TS and SGA groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Aycan
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey,Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Araslı Yılmaz
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 532 648 77 09 E-mail:
| | - Servet Yel
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şenay Savaş Erdeve
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semra Çetinkaya
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
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Sharma H, Mathur SK, Purwar N, Sahlot R, Garg U, Sharma B. Clinical and Biochemical Phenotype of Indian Children with Different Types of Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency and their Association with Pituitary Height on MRI. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2021; 25:232-239. [PMID: 34760679 PMCID: PMC8547398 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_55_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Differentiation of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) into various types has been made based on peak stimulated growth hormone levels and other hormone axis involvement. The data regarding how this classification is associated with variation in clinical and biochemical phenotype and how these findings associate with pituitary morphology remains sparse, especially in the Indian population. Therefore, we aimed to ascertain the differences in the pattern of auxological, clinical features including pituitary hypoplasia, and endocrinological profile among patients with severe GHD, partial GHD, and MPHD in the Indian population and to evaluate the association of pituitary height with various clinical and hormonal parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in 100 patients with idiopathic GHD. Patients were grouped into severe GHD, partial GHD, and MPHD to observe the differences in clinical, biochemical, and MRI findings. The pituitary height findings were correlated clinical and biochemical presentation. RESULTS MPHD subjects had a significantly higher frequency of breech delivery, neonatal jaundice, neonatal hypoglycemia, and micropenis. A significant difference was observed in the chronological age, bone age retardation (CA-BA), height SDS, weight SDS, peak GH response, IGF-1, IGF-1 SDS, and prevalence of pituitary hypoplasia, pituitary height, and pituitary height SDS among these three groups. In the composite population of GHD, pituitary height SDS was correlated with peak GH, basal IGF-I SDS, and body height SDS. CONCLUSION The clinical and biochemical phenotype differs significantly among the various types of GHD. Pituitary height correlates with these findings and is helpful in further assessment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sharma
- Department of Endocrinology, S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Mathur
- Department of Endocrinology, S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Naincy Purwar
- Department of Endocrinology, S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rahul Sahlot
- Department of Endocrinology, S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Umesh Garg
- Department of Endocrinology, S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Balram Sharma
- Department of Endocrinology, S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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10
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Hendrix MLE, van Kuijk SMJ, El Bahaey SE, Gerver WJM, Feron FJM, Kuin ME, Spaanderman MEA, Bons JAP, Al-Nasiry S. 'Postnatal growth during the first five years of life in SGA and AGA neonates with reduced fetal growth'. Early Hum Dev 2020; 151:105199. [PMID: 33032049 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though a lot of research has been done on postnatal growth and the occurrence of catch-up growth in small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates, this phenomenon has not been studied well in appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) neonates. Postnatal catch-up growth may also occur in AGA neonates indicating a compensatory mechanism for undiagnosed intrauterine growth restriction, especially in AGA neonates with reduced fetal growth velocity. AIMS To describe postnatal growth during the first 5 years of life in SGA and AGA neonates and evaluating the role of fetal growth velocity in catch-up growth. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study in a Dutch tertiary hospital. SUBJECTS 740 singleton neonates, without congenital anomalies, with ultrasound fetal growth data from 20 weeks and 32 weeks of pregnancy. OUTCOME MEASURES Postnatal growth measurements of height (cm) and weight (kg) from birth until five years of age. Postnatal catch-up growth defined as difference (delta) in both height and weight between 4 weeks and 3 years of age. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS SGA neonates had a significantly lower height and weight compared to the AGA group for all available measurement moments till 3 years. The catch-up growth between the SGA and AGA groups from 4 weeks up to 3 years after birth was not different between the two groups. However, neonates with reduced fetal growth velocity had a significantly higher risk for catch-up growth in height during the first 3 years after birth. This suggests a role for fetal growth velocity measurement in predicting fetal and subsequent postnatal growth potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L E Hendrix
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - S M J van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment (KEMTA), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - S E El Bahaey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - W J M Gerver
- Department of Paediatrics Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - F J M Feron
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M E Kuin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M E A Spaanderman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J A P Bons
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - S Al-Nasiry
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
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11
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Durá-Travé T, Gallinas-Victoriano F, Moreno-González P, Urretavizcaya-Martinez M, Berrade-Zubiri S, Chueca-Guindulain MJ. Vitamin D status and response to growth hormone treatment in prepubertal children with growth hormone deficiency. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1485-1492. [PMID: 32215862 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze whether vitamin D deficiency could condition the growth response to GH therapy, as well as to analyze if GH treatment modifies both seasonal variations and vitamin D levels in these patients. METHODS Retrospective study in 98 prepubertal children with GH deficiency (GHD), aged 4.1-8.9 years treated with GH. Growth rate and blood testing (calcium, phosphorus, IGF-I, 25(0H)D and PTH) were monitored at diagnostic and every six months until 24 months of treatment. A control group was recruited (247 healthy children, aged 3.8-9.7 years). The criteria of the US Endocrine Society were used for the definition of hypovitaminosis D. RESULTS There were no significant differences in vitamin D deficiency among control (12.5%) and GHD groups (15.3%) before starting treatment. Growth rate and IGF-1 and PTH increased (p < 0.05) during GH treatment, but there were no significant differences in calcium, phosphorus and 25(OH)D. There were no significant differences in growth rate and IGF-1, calcium and phosphorus levels in relation to the seasons along GH treatment. There was no correlation between 25(OH)D and IGF-1 during GH therapy. In every programmed control, patients with vitamin D deficiency showed lower growth rate (p < 0.05) compared to patients with vitamin D insufficiency or sufficiency. CONCLUSION GH treatment, at least during the first two years, does not modify the vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency could condition the response to GH therapy so vitamin D monitoring should be considered as part of the routine evaluation of children with GH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Durá-Travé
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Avenue Irunlarrea, 4, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - F Gallinas-Victoriano
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Avenue Irunlarrea, 4, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P Moreno-González
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Avenue Irunlarrea, 4, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Urretavizcaya-Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Avenue Irunlarrea, 4, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S Berrade-Zubiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Avenue Irunlarrea, 4, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M J Chueca-Guindulain
- Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Hospital Complex, Avenue Irunlarrea, 4, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
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12
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Demiral M, Unal E, Baysal B, Baran RT, Demirbilek H, Özbek MN. Evaluation of the Final Adult Height and Its Determinants in Patients with Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Single-centre Experience from the South-Eastern Region of Turkey. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 12:295-302. [PMID: 32157854 PMCID: PMC7499137 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2019.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine the final adult height (FAH) achieved by recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment, the factors affecting FAH and the success of attaining the genetic potential. METHODS Data of 133 patients treated with rhGH therapy were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were grouped according to diagnosis, either isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) or multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD), and by sex, and pubertal status at the beginning of treatment. RESULTS The mean age of initiation of treatment was 12.3±2.18 years, and the mean duration of rhGH treatment was 3.65±1.5 years. The mean height standard deviation score (SDS) at diagnosis was -3.11±0.75 SD. All patients received a standardized GH dose of 0.033 mg/kg/day. Mean FAH-SDS was -1.8±0.77 and delta height-SDS (the change in height SDS between the beginning and end of treatment) was 1.28±0.94 SD. FAH-SDS was -1.79±0.86 SD in males; -1.82±0.64 in females (p=0.857); -1.94±0.71 at the beginning of treatment in pubertal patients and -1.68±0.81 in prepubertal patients (p=0.056); -1.84±0.89 in patients with IGHD and -0.47±0.2 in patients with MPHD (p˃0.05). In multiple regression analysis, First year delta height-SDS was the most predictive factor for both FAH-SDS and delta height-SDS. CONCLUSION The majority of our patients achieved a final height compatible with their genetic potential as well as population standards when treated with rhGH even having started at a relatively late age. First year delta height-SDS was a predictive factor for FAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliha Demiral
- Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey Phone: +90 535 588 56 49 E-mail:
| | - Edip Unal
- Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Birsen Baysal
- Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Paediatrics, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Rıza Taner Baran
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Paediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Demirbilek
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Özbek
- Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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13
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Bulut FD, Özdemir Dilek S, Kotan D, Mengen E, Gürbüz F, Yüksel B. Mutations Within the Transcription Factor PROP1 in a Cohort of Turkish Patients with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 12:261-268. [PMID: 31948187 PMCID: PMC7499144 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2019.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations of the genes encoding transcription factors which play important roles in pituitary morphogenesis, differentiation and maturation may lead to combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). PROP1 gene mutations are reported as the most frequent genetic aetiology of CHPD. The aim of this study was to describe the phenotypes of Turkish CPHD patients and define the frequency of PROP1 mutations. METHODS Fifty-seven CPHD patients from 50 families were screened for PROP1 mutations. The patients were affected by growth hormone (GH) and additional anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies. RESULTS All patients had GH deficiency. In addition, 98.2% had central hypothyroidism, 45.6% had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, 43.8% had adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency and 7.1% had prolactin deficiency. Parental consanguinity rate was 50.9% and 14 cases were familial. Mean height standard deviation score (SDS) and weight SDS were -3.8±1.4 and -3.1±2.0, respectively. Of 53 patients with available pituitary imaging, 32 (60.4%) showed abnormalities. None had extra-pituitary abnormalities. Eight index patients had PROP1 gene mutations. Five sporadic patients were homozygous for c.301_302delAG (p.Leu102CysfsTer8) mutation, two siblings had exon 2 deletion, two siblings had complete gene deletion and two siblings were homozygous for the novel c.353A>G (p.Q118R) mutation. The frequency of the PROP1 mutations was 16% in our cohort. Mutation rate was significantly higher in familial cases compared to sporadic cases (42.8% vs 11.6%; p<0.01). CONCLUSION Phenotype of patients regarding hormonal deficiencies, pituitary morphology, presence of extra-pituitary findings, family history of CPHD and parental consanguinity are important for deciding which pituitary transcription factor deficiency should be investigated. PROP1 mutation frequencies vary in different populations and its prevalence is high in Turkish CPHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Derya Bulut
- Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, Adana, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, Adana, Turkey Phone: +90 532 743 27 18 E-mail:
| | - Semine Özdemir Dilek
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Damla Kotan
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Eda Mengen
- Ankara City Hospital, Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Gürbüz
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Bilgin Yüksel
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Adana, Turkey
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14
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Witkowska-Sędek E, Rumińska M, Majcher A, Pyrżak B. Gender-Dependent Growth and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Responses to Growth Hormone Therapy in Prepubertal Growth Hormone-Deficient Children. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1133:65-73. [PMID: 30338487 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gender seems to be an important factor influencing the response to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy in GH-deficient adolescents and adults. The results of studies evaluating gender-specific response to rhGH therapy in prepubertal GH-deficient children are divergent. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gender on the growth and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) responses in 75 prepubertal GH-deficient children during the first 2 years of rhGH therapy. There were no baseline gender differences in age, bone age, anthropometrical parameters, and IGF-1 SDS for bone age. After the initiation of rhGH therapy, there were no gender-specific differences concerning the reduction of height deficit. Serum IGF-1 levels were higher in the prepubertal GH-deficient girls than in the age-matched boys, but the difference was not significant when expressed as IGF-1 SDS for bone age. The increase in IGF-1 SDS for bone age was significantly greater in girls versus boys after the first 6 months of therapy, comparable between girls and boys after the first year of therapy, and tended to be higher in boys after the second year of therapy. In conclusion, prepubertal GH-deficient girls and boys do not differ significantly in growth response in the first 2 years of rhGH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Rumińska
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Majcher
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pyrżak
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Gahlot M, Goyal A, Singh AKC, Jyotsna VP, Gupta N, Khadgawat R. Long-term Response to Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Therapy in Indian Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 23:446-451. [PMID: 31741904 PMCID: PMC6844160 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_300_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) remains the most common indication for use of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy in clinical practice. However, there is a paucity of studies focusing on long-term response to rhGH therapy in the Indian context. AIM To determine the response to rhGH therapy and its predictors in children with GHD followed up at a tertiary care center in North India. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective review of the records of children with GHD who received rhGH therapy for at least 1 year. The relevant anthropometric, biochemical and radiological data at baseline and follow-up were recorded. RESULTS A total of 99 children (64 boys, 35 girls; 61 isolated GHD, 38 multiple pituitary hormone deficiency) were studied. The mean (±SD) age and height SDS at treatment initiation were 12.4 (±3.0) years and -4.0 (±1.1) respectively, while median (IQR) serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and peak growth hormone level on clonidine stimulation were 73 (25-167) ng/ml and 1.1 (0.4-3.6) ng/ml respectively. The height velocity was highest during the first year of treatment (10.6 ± 3.0 cm/year), declining to 8.7 ± 2.7 and 7.9 ± 2.2 cm/year during second and third year, respectively. Over the subsequent years, there was further graded fall in height velocity, declining to 4.8 ± 3.6 cm/year (n = 2) during the seventh year. The height gain during first year was negatively correlated with age at initiation of treatment, baseline height SDS, baseline serum IGF-1 and peak serum GH level on GH stimulation test, while it showed a positive correlation with bone age delay at baseline. Only baseline height SDS was found to have a significant negative correlation with height gain during the second year. CONCLUSIONS This study provides data on long-term response to rhGH therapy and its predictors in Indian children with GHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monita Gahlot
- Department of Dietetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpesh Goyal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun K. C. Singh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sarvodaya Hospital and Research Centre, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Viveka P. Jyotsna
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nandita Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Khadgawat
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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16
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Kurnaz E, Çetinkaya S, Aycan Z. Near final height in patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency: A single-centre experience. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:1221-1226. [PMID: 29806866 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM We analysed near final height (NFH) data in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) treated with recombinant human GH (rhGH). METHODS We divided the idiopathic GHD patients into two groups, isolated GHD (IGHD) and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, to evaluate NFH. Then, data were grouped according to gender, pre-pubertal/pubertal status and spontaneous or induced puberty. The trial was performed as a retrospective study. Median values are given, and measurements are expressed as standard deviation scores (SDSs). RESULTS rhGH therapy was started at a median age of 12.1 (range 9.1-14.9) years in the IGHD group (n = 162, 83 males) and 9.1 (range 4.9-13.4) years in the multiple pituitary hormone deficiency group (n = 33, 22 males) at a median dose of 0.20 mg/kg/week. Height SDSs at the onset of therapy were -3.2 (range -4.4 to -2.6) and -3.9 (-6.8 to -2.8) in the two groups, respectively (P < 0.001). NFH SDSs were -1.8 (-2.9 to -1) and -1.6 (-3.1 to -0.4) (P = 0.139), and delta height SDSs (finish - start) were 1.4 (0.3-2.5) and 2.6 (1.5-4.6) (P < 0.001), respectively. Total delta height was 1.4 SDS (0.4-3.1) in patients who started rhGH treatment in the pre-pubertal period and 1.3 SDS (0.3-2.4) (P = 0.106) in those who started rhGH in the pubertal period. CONCLUSIONS About 85% of the cases reached their genetic height potential. Delta height SDSs were higher than expected in cases that started treatment during the pubertal period. Therefore, it is possible to achieve NFH within the mid-parental height range in patients who start therapy during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Kurnaz
- Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semra Çetinkaya
- Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Aycan
- Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Martos-Moreno GÁ, Travieso-Suárez L, Pozo-Román J, Muñoz-Calvo MT, Chowen JA, Frilander MJ, Pérez-Jurado LA, Hawkins FG, Argente J. Response to growth hormone in patients with RNPC3 mutations. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e9143. [PMID: 29866761 PMCID: PMC6034130 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Á Martos-Moreno
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Travieso-Suárez
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pozo-Román
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - María T Muñoz-Calvo
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikko J Frilander
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- SA Clinical Genetics, Women's and Children's Hospital & University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Federico G Hawkins
- Diabetes and Bone Research Center, Institute i + 12, Complutense University and Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Polak M, Konrad D, Tønnes Pedersen B, Puras G, Šnajderová M. Still too little, too late? Ten years of growth hormone therapy baseline data from the NordiNet® International Outcome Study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:521-532. [PMID: 29652668 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated time trends in age, gender, growth hormone (GH) dose and height standard deviation score (SDS) in children with GH deficiency (GHD), born small for gestational age (SGA) or with Turner syndrome (TS) starting GH treatment. METHODS Data were obtained from children enrolled in the NordiNet® International Outcome Study (IOS) between 2006 and 2015 in the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Serbia and Montenegro (all indications), and Switzerland and the UK (GHD only). Trends were analyzed by linear regression. Patients were divided by age into early-, medium- or late-start groups in three different time periods. RESULTS Approximately one-third of children starting treatment for GHD were girls, with no apparent increase in proportion over time. The mean baseline age for starting treatment decreased significantly (p<0.001) for both GHD and SGA in the Czech Republic and Germany. In the other countries studied, over 40% of children started treatment for GHD and SGA late (girls >10, boys >11 years) between 2013 and 2015. The mean baseline GH doses were largely within recommended ranges for GHD and SGA, but below the lowest recommended starting dose for TS in almost every year since 2011 except in France. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one-third of children starting treatment for GHD were girls. Between 2013 and 2015, more than 40% of children started treatment for GHD and SGA late except in Germany and the Czech Republic. TS patients received below-recommended doses. These results highlight the need for earlier identification of short stature in children, particularly girls, and for dose optimization in TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Polak
- Endocrinologie gynécologie diabétologie pédiatriques, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U1016, Institut IMAGINE, Centre de référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gediminas Puras
- Global Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Šnajderová
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Polak M, Blair J, Kotnik P, Pournara E, Pedersen BT, Rohrer TR. Early growth hormone treatment start in childhood growth hormone deficiency improves near adult height: analysis from NordiNet® International Outcome Study. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 177:421-429. [PMID: 28780521 PMCID: PMC5633042 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of age at growth hormone (GH) treatment start on near adult height (NAH) in children with isolated GH deficiency (GHD). DESIGN NordiNet® International Outcome Study (IOS) (Nbib960128), a non-interventional, multicentre study, evaluates the long-term effectiveness and safety of Norditropin® (somatropin) (Novo Nordisk A/S) in the real-life clinical setting. METHODS Patients (n = 172) treated to NAH (height at ≥18 years, or height velocity <2 cm/year at ≥16 (boys) or ≥15 (girls) years) were grouped by age (years) at treatment start (early (girls, <8; boys, <9), intermediate (girls, 8-10; boys, 9-11) or late (girls, >10; boys, >11)) and GHD severity (<3 ng/mL or 3 to ≤10 ng/mL). Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of age at treatment start (as a categorical and continuous variable) on NAH standard deviation score (SDS). RESULTS Age at treatment start had a marked effect on NAH SDS; NAH SDS achieved by patients starting treatment early (n = 40 (boys, 70.0%); least squares mean (standard error) -0.76 (0.14)) exceeded that achieved by those starting later (intermediate, n = 42 (boys, 57.1%); -1.14 (0.15); late, n = 90 (boys, 68.9%); -1.21 (0.10)). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant association between NAH SDS and age at treatment start (P < 0.0242), baseline height SDS (HSDS) (P < 0.0001), target HSDS (P < 0.0001), and GHD severity (P = 0.0012). Most (78.5%) patients achieved a normal NAH irrespective of age at treatment start. CONCLUSIONS Early initiation of GH treatment in children with isolated GHD improves their chance of achieving their genetic height potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Polak
- Endocrinologie Gynécologie Diabétologie PédiatriquesHôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U1016, Institut IMAGINE, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Polak;
| | - Jo Blair
- Department of EndocrinologyAlder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Primoz Kotnik
- Department of Pediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, and Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Effie Pournara
- Global Medical AffairsNovo Nordisk Health Care AG, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Tilman R Rohrer
- Department of Pediatric EndocrinologyUniversity Children’s Hospital, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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Roberts KJ, Kershner AM, Beachy PA. The Stromal Niche for Epithelial Stem Cells: A Template for Regeneration and a Brake on Malignancy. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:404-410. [PMID: 29017054 PMCID: PMC5679442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stromal restraint of cancer growth and progression-emerging as a widespread phenomenon in epithelial cancers such as bladder, pancreas, colon, and prostate-appears rooted in stromal cell niche activity. During normal tissue repair, stromal niche signals, often Hedgehog-induced, promote epithelial stem cell differentiation as well as self-renewal, thus specifying a regenerating epithelial pattern. In the case of cancerous tissue, stromal cell-derived differentiation signals in particular may provide a brake on malignant growth. Understanding and therapeutic harnessing of the role of stroma in cancer restraint may hinge on our knowledge of the signaling programs elaborated by the stromal niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey J Roberts
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron M Kershner
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Philip A Beachy
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Possible effects of an early diagnosis and treatment in patients with growth hormone deficiency: the state of art. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43:81. [PMID: 28915901 PMCID: PMC5603037 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a relatively uncommon and heterogeneous endocrine disorder presenting in childhood with short stature. However, during the neonatal period, the metabolic effects of GHD may to require prompt replacement therapy to avoid possible life-threatening complications. An increasing amount of data suggests the importance of an early diagnosis and treatment of GHD because of its auxological, metabolic, and neurodevelopmental features with respect to the patients diagnosed and treated later in life. The available results show favourable auxological outcomes for patients with GHD diagnosed and treated with r-hGH early in life compared with those from patients with GHD who do not receive this early diagnosis and treatment. Because delayed referral for GHD diagnosis and treatment is still frequent, these results highlight the need for more attention in the diagnosis and treatment of GHD. Despite these very encouraging data regarding metabolic and neurodevelopmental features, further studies are needed to better characterize these findings. Overall, the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of GHD needs to be addressed.
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Blankenstein O, Snajderova M, Blair J, Pournara E, Pedersen BT, Petit IO. Real-life GH dosing patterns in children with GHD, TS or born SGA: a report from the NordiNet® International Outcome Study. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 177:145-155. [PMID: 28522645 PMCID: PMC5488395 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe real-life dosing patterns in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), born small for gestational age (SGA) or with Turner syndrome (TS) receiving growth hormone (GH) and enrolled in the NordiNet International Outcome Study (IOS; Nbib960128) between 2006 and 2016. DESIGN This non-interventional, multicentre study included paediatric patients diagnosed with GHD (isolated (IGHD) or multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD)), born SGA or with TS and treated according to everyday clinical practice from the Czech Republic (IGHD/MPHD/SGA/TS: n = 425/61/316/119), France (n = 1404/188/970/206), Germany (n = 2603/351/1387/411) and the UK (n = 259/60/87/35). METHODS GH dosing was compared descriptively across countries and indications. Proportions of patients by GH dose group (low/medium/high) or GH dose change (decrease/increase/no change) during years 1 and 2 were also evaluated across countries and indications. RESULTS In the Czech Republic, GH dosing was generally within recommended levels. In France, average GH doses were higher for patients with IGHD, MPHD and SGA than in other countries. GH doses in TS tended to be at the lower end of the recommended label range, especially in Germany and the UK; the majority of patients were in the low-dose group. A significant inverse association between baseline height standard deviation score and GH dose was shown (P < 0.05); shorter patients received higher doses. Changes in GH dose, particularly increases, were more common in the second (40%) than in the first year (25%). CONCLUSIONS GH dosing varies considerably across countries and indications. In particular, almost half of girls with TS received GH doses below practice guidelines and label recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Blankenstein
- Center for Chronic Sick ChildrenInstitute for Experimental Paediatric Endocrinology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence should be addressed to O Blankenstein;
| | - Marta Snajderova
- 2nd Faculty of MedicineCharles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jo Blair
- Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation TrustLiverpool, UK
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Rohayem J, Drechsel H, Tittel B, Hahn G, Pfaeffle R, Huebner A. Long-Term Outcomes, Genetics, and Pituitary Morphology in Patients with Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency and Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies: A Single-Centre Experience of Four Decades of Growth Hormone Replacement. Horm Res Paediatr 2017; 86:106-116. [PMID: 27487097 DOI: 10.1159/000448098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth hormone (GH) has been used to treat children with GH deficiency (GHD) since 1966. AIMS Using a combined retrospective and cross-sectional approach, we explored the long-term outcomes of patients with GHD, analysed factors influencing therapeutic response, determined persistence into adulthood, investigated pituitary morphology, and screened for mutations in causative genes. METHODS The files of 96 GH-deficient children were reviewed. In a subset of 50 patients, re-assessment in adulthood was performed, including GHRH-arginine testing, pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and mutational screening for the growth hormone-1 gene (GH1) and the GHRH receptor gene (GHRHR) in isolated GHD (IGHD), and HESX1, PROP1, POU1F1, LHX3, LHX4, and GLI2 in multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD) patients. RESULTS GH was started at a height SDS of -3.2 ± 1.4 in IGHD patients and of -4.1 ± 2.1 in MPHD patients. Relative height gain was 0.3 SDS/year, absolute gain 1.6 SDS, and 1.2/2.6 SDS in IGHD/MPHD, respectively. Mid-parental target height was reached in 77%. Initial height SDS, bone age retardation and duration of GH replacement were correlated with height SDS gain. GHD persisted into adulthood in 19 and 89% of subjects with IGHD and MPHD, respectively. In 1/42 IGHD patients a GH1 mutation was detected; PROP1 mutations were found in 3/7 MPHD subjects. Anterior pituitary hypoplasia, combined with posterior pituitary ectopy and pituitary stalk invisibility on MRI, was an exclusive finding in MPHD patients. CONCLUSIONS GH replacement successfully corrects the growth deficit in children with GHD. While the genetic aetiology remains undefined in most cases of IGHD, PROP1 mutations constitute a major cause for MPHD. Persistence of GHD into adulthood is related to abnormal pituitary morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rohayem
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Children's Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Zhao C, Cai S, Shin K, Lim A, Kalisky T, Lu WJ, Clarke MF, Beachy PA. Stromal Gli2 activity coordinates a niche signaling program for mammary epithelial stem cells. Science 2017; 356:science.aal3485. [PMID: 28280246 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell niche is a complex local signaling microenvironment that sustains stem cell activity during organ maintenance and regeneration. The mammary gland niche must support its associated stem cells while also responding to systemic hormonal regulation that triggers pubertal changes. We find that Gli2, the major Hedgehog pathway transcriptional effector, acts within mouse mammary stromal cells to direct a hormone-responsive niche signaling program by activating expression of factors that regulate epithelial stem cells as well as receptors for the mammatrophic hormones estrogen and growth hormone. Whereas prior studies implicate stem cell defects in human disease, this work shows that niche dysfunction may also cause disease, with possible relevance for human disorders and in particular the breast growth pathogenesis associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shang Cai
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kunyoo Shin
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyumgbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Agnes Lim
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tomer Kalisky
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Wan-Jin Lu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael F Clarke
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Philip A Beachy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Kör Y, Keskin M. EVALUATION OF FIRST YEAR RESPONSE TO TREATMENT IN CASES WITH GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2016; 12:443-449. [PMID: 31149129 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2016.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims Growth hormone (GH) treatment has severe cost burden on patients, their families, and healthcare systems. Therefore, accuracy of diagnosis should be confirmed; factors affecting the response to treatment should be defined. The present study is performed to evaluate auxiliary diagnostic parameters and factors affecting treatment in growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Methods In this study, 142 patients under the age of 16, with at least one year of treatment, were included. Treatment dose of somatropin was 0.2 mg/kg/week in all cases. Response to treatment was evaluated by measuring annual height and height standard deviation score (SDS) gains every 3 months. Results Male to female ratio was 79 to 63, and follow-up duration before the treatment was 0.89±0.38 years. Annual growth rate before the treatment was 2.92±1.02 cm, and age at the treatment initiation was 9.97±3.22 years. Height gain SDS at the end of the first year was significantly higher in cases which were at the prepuberty, had severe short stature, low height SDS-mid parental height SDS (HSDS-MPHSDS), and initiated treatment at earlier ages. Correlations in height gain and height SDS gain at the end of the first year were significant between bone age at treatment baseline, delta SDS factors, L-dopa and clonidine stimulation results (both are p<0.01). Conclusion Height gain was positively related to body mass index, whereas negatively to bone age at treatment baseline, responses obtained from stimulation tests, and delta SDS values. In the treatment evaluation, the parameters which can affect according to model chosen by the investigator, may differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kör
- Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Pediatrics Clinic, Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Adana, Turkey
| | - M Keskin
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Al Herbish AS, Almutair A, Bin Abbas B, Alsagheir A, Alqahtani M, Kaplan W, Deeb A, El-Awwa A, Al Khawari M, Koledova E, Savage MO. Diagnosis and management of growth disorders in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: Current procedures and key recommendations for best practice. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2016; 3:91-102. [PMID: 30805477 PMCID: PMC6372455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis and management of growth disorders comprises an important area of pediatric practice. Current procedures in the different stages of the identification, referral, investigation, and treatment of growth disorders in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have been summarized. Evidence-based procedures, relating specifically to height screening for identification of short stature, auxological criteria for patient referral from primary to secondary pediatric care, and general and endocrine investigations and diagnosis have been discussed and outlined. The management issues related to key disorders that are licensed for growth hormone (hGH) therapy, namely GH deficiency, Turner syndrome, short stature related to birth size small for gestational age (SGA), and idiopathic short stature are discussed with recommendations described for best practice. Finally, two key components of short stature management, namely transitional care for the transfer of patients from pediatric to adult endocrinology services and adherence to recommended therapy with hGH, have been addressed with current practice outlines and recommendations presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angham Almutair
- King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Bin Abbas
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Alsagheir
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Asma Deeb
- Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed El-Awwa
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar and Alexandria Children's Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Martin O. Savage
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
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Al-Abdulrazzaq D, Al-Taiar A, Hassan K, Al-Twari B, Al-Osaimi A, Al-Busairi I. Referral pattern of children with short stature to a pediatric endocrine clinic in Kuwait. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:1055-61. [PMID: 27442364 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to describe the referral pattern, baseline characteristics, and etiological profile of children referred with short stature in Kuwait. METHODS This is a cross-sectional retrospective review of children referred to the Endocrine Clinic with short stature. Short stature was defined as height or length below the 3rd centile or <-2 standard deviation score (SDS). RESULTS A total of 221 children were referred with no gender difference (p=0.346). Almost one fifth of these children had normal stature. Median (interquartile) age was 7.7 (4.7, 10.3) years and mean height SDS was -2.67 (0.68). The most common diagnoses were normal variants of growth, growth hormone deficiency (GHD). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the need to improve the referral process in order to avoid unnecessary investigations and alleviate parental anxiety. There is no gender bias in short stature referrals in Kuwait. There is a need of further investigation of short stature in the region.
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Al-Abdulrazzaq D, Al-Taiar A, Hassan K, Al-Basari I. Recombinant growth hormone therapy in children with short stature in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study of use and treatment outcomes. BMC Endocr Disord 2015; 15:76. [PMID: 26630987 PMCID: PMC4668632 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-015-0073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant Growth hormone (rGH) therapy is approved in many countries for treatment of short stature in a number of childhood diagnoses. Despite the increasing body of international literature on rGH use, there is paucity of data on rGH use in Kuwait and the broader Middle-East which share unique ethnic and socio-cultural backgrounds. This study aimed to describe the pattern of use and treatment outcomes of rGH therapy in Kuwait. METHODS This is a cross-sectional retrospective review of children treated with rGH in the Department of Pediatrics, in a major hospital in Kuwait between December 2013 and December 2014. Data were extracted using standard data extraction form and the response to rGH therapy was defined as a gain of ≥ 0.3 standard deviation score (SDS) of height per year. RESULTS A total of 60 children were treated with rGH in the center. Their Median (Interquartile) age at rGH initiation was 9.0 (6.2, 10.7) years. The most common indications for rGH therapy were Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) 23 (38.3 %), Idiopathic Short Stature (ISS) 12 (20.0 %) and Small for Gestational Age (SGA) 9 (15.0 %). After excluding patients with TS, no significant differences were found in gender of those who received rGH therapy in all indications combined or in each group (p ≥ 0.40). At 1-year follow-up, children in all groups had median height SDS change of ≥ 0.3 SDS except for children with ISS. Age at rGH initiation was negatively associated with 1-year treatment response, Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.56 (95 % CI: 0.04-1.49); p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS GHD is the most common indication of rGH therapy. All indications except for ISS showed significant 1-year treatment response to therapy. Treatment outcomes in patients with ISS should be further investigated in Kuwait. Younger age at initiation of rGH therapy was independently associated with significant response to therapy suggesting the importance of identifying children with short stature and prompt initiation of rGH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Al-Abdulrazzaq
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Abdullah Al-Taiar
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Kholoud Hassan
- Department of Pediatrics, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Ministry of Health, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Iman Al-Basari
- Department of Pediatrics, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Ministry of Health, Safat, Kuwait.
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Ross JL, Lee PA, Gut R, Germak J. Attaining genetic height potential: Analysis of height outcomes from the ANSWER Program in children treated with growth hormone over 5 years. Growth Horm IGF Res 2015; 25:286-293. [PMID: 26363846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess attainment of genetic height potential after long-term growth hormone (GH) treatment in GH-naïve children diagnosed with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD), born small for gestational age (SGA), or idiopathic short stature (ISS) enrolled in the American Norditropin® STUDIES Web-enabled Research (ANSWER) Program. DESIGN Children with IGHD (n=2884), MPHD (n=200), SGA (n=481), or ISS (n=733) with baseline height standard deviation score (HSDS)≤-2 were assessed over 5 years of GH treatment for mean HSDS, change in HSDS (ΔHSDS), and corrected HSDS (HSDS-target HSDS). RESULTS Mean HSDS and corrected HSDS significantly increased to close to target height across all diagnostic groups after 5 years of GH treatment (P<0.0001). ∆HSDS at year 5 increased for all groups (IGHD: 1.8; MPHD: 2.1; SGA: 1.8; ISS: 1.6). Among patients who continued GH for 5 years, mean insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) SDS increased to within normal range across all groups. Body mass index (BMI) SDS remained relatively stable in all diagnostic groups. Bone age (BA) increased, and the mean BA to chronological age (BA/CA) ratio reached or approached 1 across diagnostic groups over 5 years of GH treatment. CONCLUSIONS Long-term GH therapy resulted in a significant increase in mean HSDS and corrected HSDS from baseline values in all diagnostic groups. The observed increase in mean corrected HSDS is consistent with growth that approached the patients' genetic height potential, although complete height gains will be evaluated at the attainment of final height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith L Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, United States.
| | - Peter A Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.
| | - Robert Gut
- Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, United States.
| | - John Germak
- Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, United States.
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Straetemans S, Roelants M, Thomas M, Rooman R, De Schepper J. Reference curve for the first-year growth response to growth hormone treatment in prepubertal children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency: validation of the KIGS first-year growth response curve using the Belgian Register for the Study of Growth and Puberty Problems. Horm Res Paediatr 2015; 81:343-9. [PMID: 24686034 DOI: 10.1159/000358330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparing observed and expected growth after first-year growth hormone (GH) therapy is useful for identifying a poor growth response to GH. AIM To generate a first-year, age-specific growth response reference curve for prepubertal Belgian children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (iGHD) treated with a standard weight-adjusted GH dose and to compare this national reference with the response references derived from KIGS. SUBJECTS AND METHODS First-year height data of 357 prepubertal children (240 males) with iGHD were analyzed. Smooth reference curves of first-year height velocity (HV) in relation to age were created. Differences with the KIGS targets were evaluated after z-score transformation. RESULTS The observed first-year HVs were log-normal distributed by age and decreased significantly with age (p<0.001). No GH dose or gender effect was observed (p=0.5). Distance to target height, severity of GHD and occurrence of multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies had a positive effect (p<0.01) on the calculated HV SDS. When applying the KIGS targets for severe iGHD, mean HV SDS was close to zero (-0.09±0.84). CONCLUSION The developed age-specific growth response curves enable rapid identification of poor response to first-year GH treatment in prepubertal iGHD children. Our results validate the published growth targets derived from the KIGS database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saartje Straetemans
- The Belgian Study Group for Pediatric Endocrinology (BSGPE), Brussels, Belgium
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Ross JL, Lee PA, Gut R, Germak J. Increased height standard deviation scores in response to growth hormone therapy to near-adult height in older children with delayed skeletal maturation: results from the ANSWER Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2015; 2015:1. [PMID: 25904938 PMCID: PMC4405836 DOI: 10.1186/1687-9856-2015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background A primary goal of recombinant human growth hormone therapy (GHT) in children is attaining normal adult height. In this study, children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) (including isolated idiopathic growth hormone deficiency [IGHD] and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency [MPHD]), idiopathic short stature (ISS), and Turner syndrome (TS) were evaluated for near-adult height (NAH) and percent achieving NAH within the normal range after approximately 4 years of GHT. Methods Data from the American Norditropin® Studies: Web-Enabled Research (ANSWER) Program were analyzed for NAH from age at treatment start (ATS) (i.e., referral age as defined by age at enrollment in the study) to last clinic visit using one of the following two criteria: 1) age ≥18 years, or 2) if male: ≥16 years and height velocity (HV) <2 cm/year; if female: ≥15 years and HV <2 cm/year. All patients had a baseline height standard deviation score (HSDS) ≤ -2, and either GHD (n = 201), ISS (n = 19), or TS (n = 41). The main outcome measures included HSDS and corrected HSDS (HSDS-target HSDS) in response to GH treatment, and correlation of ATS with NAH HSDS. Results Mean (± SD) chronological and bone ages at baseline were 14.0 ± 2.1 years and 11.7 ± 2.0 years, respectively, and mean GHT duration was 4.0 ± 1.6 years. Mean HSDS (baseline to NAH; GHD: -2.7 to -1.0; ISS: -2.8 to -1.4; TS: -3.0 to -1.8) and mean corrected HSDS (baseline to NAH; GHD: -2.1 to -0.3; ISS: -2.1 to -0.6; TS: -1.8 to -0.6) increased across diagnostic indications. Percentages of patients reaching near-adult HSDS > -2 were GHD: 87.6%; ISS: 78.9%; TS: 65.8%. Significant negative correlations were found between ATS and NAH HSDS when analyzed by sex. Conclusions Despite a relatively advanced childhood age, the majority of GH-treated patients attained mean near-adult HSDS within the normal range (HSDS > -2). Negative correlations of ATS with near-adult HSDS indicate that an earlier age at treatment start would likely have resulted in greater adult height achieved in both male and female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith L Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA ; Nemours/AI DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA
| | - Peter A Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Robert Gut
- Department of Clinical Development, Medical and Regulatory Affairs, Novo Nordisk, Inc., 800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536 USA
| | - John Germak
- Department of Clinical Development, Medical and Regulatory Affairs, Novo Nordisk, Inc., 800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536 USA
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