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Sandsæter HL, Eik-Nes TT, Getz LO, Magnussen EB, Bjerkeset O, Rich-Edwards JW, Horn J. Adverse childhood experiences and pre-pregnancy body mass index in the HUNT study: A population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285160. [PMID: 37130113 PMCID: PMC10153725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the association between adverse childhood experiences and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in a population-based cohort in Trøndelag county, Norway. MATERIALS AND METHODS We linked data from the third (2006-2008) or fourth (2017-2019) survey of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway for 6679 women. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between adverse childhood experiences and pre-pregnancy BMI. Adverse childhood experiences were self-reported in adulthood and included perceiving childhood as difficult, parental divorce, parental death, dysfunctional family environment, bad childhood memories and lack of support from a trusted adult. Pre-pregnancy BMI was derived from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway or BMI measurement from the HUNT survey conducted within 2 years prior to the woman's pregnancy. RESULTS Perceiving childhood as difficult was associated with higher odds of pre-pregnancy underweight (OR 1.78, 95%CI 0.99-3.22) and obesity (OR 1.58, 95%CI 1.14-2.2). A difficult childhood was positively associated with obesity with an adjusted OR of 1.19, 95%CI 0.79-1.81 (class I obesity), 2.32, 95%CI 1.35-4.01 (class II obesity) and 4.62, 95%CI 2.0-10.65 (class III obesity). Parental divorce was positively associated obesity (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.10-1.63). Bad childhood memories were associated with both overweight (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.01-1.79) and obesity (OR 1.63, 95%CI 1.13-2.34). Parental death was not associated with pre-pregnancy BMI. CONCLUSIONS Childhood adversities were associated with pre-pregnancy BMI. Our results suggest that the positive associations between childhood adversities and pre-pregnancy obesity increased with increasing obesity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Linn Sandsæter
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Trine Tetlie Eik-Nes
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Stjørdal Community Mental Health Centre, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Linn Okkenhaug Getz
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, General Practice Research Unit, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Balstad Magnussen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Women's Health and Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Julie Horn
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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Duriancik DM, Goff CR. Children of single-parent households are at a higher risk of obesity: A systematic review. J Child Health Care 2019; 23:358-369. [PMID: 31129999 DOI: 10.1177/1367493519852463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate whether children living in single-parent households have a higher risk of obesity. Of the 539 studies identified using keywords, a total of 10 original studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The outcome measures included objective assessment of adiposity (weight or body mass index (BMI)), dietary consumption, physical activity, and/or obesogenic behaviors (bedroom television, elevated television viewing time, insufficient physical activity, and infrequent family meals). Overall, the studies found higher BMIs and obesogenic behaviors in children of single-parent households. Characteristics identified with this association is comprised of being most prevalent among girls and Black children. Possible explanations for this association include single-parent households having higher time demands due to the lack of shared household responsibilities. Subsequently, a reduction of homemade meals, shared family meals, and physical activity can occur. Also, lower incomes and higher instability related to living transitions may be other possible challenges experienced in single-parent households. Based on the limited number of studies found, further research of the obesity risk in children from single-parent families is recommended. The findings can help provide clinicians and public health programs with a better understanding of how to effectively target family-based interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Duriancik
- 1 Department of Human Environmental Services, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA.,2 Biology Department, University of MI-Flint, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Courtney R Goff
- 1 Department of Human Environmental Services, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
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Wall MM, Mason SM, Liu J, Olfson M, Neumark-Sztainer D, Blanco C. Childhood psychosocial challenges and risk for obesity in U.S. men and women. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:16. [PMID: 30655501 PMCID: PMC6336849 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood psychosocial challenges (i.e., adversities, mental and substance use disorders, social challenges) may relate to the onset of obesity and extreme obesity. Identifying the types of psychosocial challenges most strongly associated with obesity could advance etiologic understanding and help target prevention efforts. Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 24,350), the present study evaluates relationships between childhood psychosocial challenges and development of obesity and extreme obesity. After mutually controlling, childhood poverty was a risk in men OR = 1.2 (1.0-1.4) and a significantly stronger one in women OR = 1.6 (1.4-1.8); maltreatment increased odds of obesity in both men and women OR = 1.3, 95% CI (1.1-1.4), and specifically increased odds of extreme obesity in women OR = 1.5 (1.3-1.9). Early childrearing (before age 18) was an independent risk factor in both men OR = 1.4 (1.0-1.9) and women OR = 1.3 (1.1-1.5); not finishing high school was the strongest childhood psychosocial challenge risk factor for extreme obesity in both men (OR = 1.6, 1.1-2.2) and women (OR = 2.0, 1.5-2.5). Psychiatric disorders (MDD, anxiety disorder, PTSD) before age 18 were not independently associated with adult obesity in men nor women, but substance use disorders (alcohol or drug) were inversely associated with adult obesity. Individuals who have experienced childhood adversities and social challenges are at increased risk for obesity. Previous findings also indicate that these individuals respond poorly to traditional weight management strategies. It is critical to identify the reasons for these elevated weight problems, and to develop interventions that are appropriately tailored to mitigate the obesity burden faced by this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M. Wall
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA ,0000 0000 8499 1112grid.413734.6New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Susan M. Mason
- 0000000419368657grid.17635.36Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Jun Liu
- 0000 0000 8499 1112grid.413734.6New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Mark Olfson
- 0000000419368729grid.21729.3fDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA ,0000 0000 8499 1112grid.413734.6New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- 0000000419368657grid.17635.36Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Carlos Blanco
- 0000 0004 0533 7147grid.420090.fNational Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852 USA
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Lynch BA, Agunwamba A, Wilson PM, Kumar S, Jacobson RM, Phelan S, Cristiani V, Fan C, Finney Rutten LJ. Adverse family experiences and obesity in children and adolescents in the United States. Prev Med 2016; 90:148-54. [PMID: 27377335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
While exposure to adverse family experiences (AFEs), subset of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), has been associated with childhood obesity, less is known about the impact of exposures to each type of AFE. Using 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health data, we evaluated associations between exposure to individual AFEs and overweight/obesity status in children 10years or older, adjusting for socio-demographic factors. Caregivers reported their child's height, weight, and exposure to nine AFEs; body mass index (BMI) was classified by Center for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) guidelines. At Mayo Clinic, we calculated frequencies and weighted estimates of socio-demographic factors and AFEs. Unadjusted and adjusted weighted multinomial logistic regression models were employed to assess the independent associations of each AFE and the different AFE composite scores with BMI category. Exposure to two or more AFEs was independently associated with increased odds of overweight (odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13, 1.56) and obese (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.21, 1.73) status after adjustment for age, household income, parents' education-level, race and sex. Death of parent (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.18, 2.15) and hardship due to family income (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.06, 1.50) were independently associated with obesity status with adjustment for other AFEs and socio-demographic factors. Our results suggest that, in addition to cumulative exposure to AFEs, exposure to certain childhood experiences are more strongly associated with childhood obesity than others. Death of parent and hardship due to family income are individual AFEs, which are strongly predictive of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Lynch
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Amenah Agunwamba
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Patrick M Wilson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Seema Kumar
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Robert M Jacobson
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Sean Phelan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of HealthCare Policy and Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Valeria Cristiani
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Chun Fan
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Lila J Finney Rutten
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Soares ALG, Howe LD, Matijasevich A, Wehrmeister FC, Menezes AMB, Gonçalves H. Adverse childhood experiences: Prevalence and related factors in adolescents of a Brazilian birth cohort. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 51:21-30. [PMID: 26707919 PMCID: PMC4710615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can affect people's health and wellbeing not only at the time the ACE is experienced, but also later in life. The majority of studies on ACEs are carried out in high-income countries and little is known about its prevalence in low and middle-income countries. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ACEs, associations between ACEs and sociodemographic factors, and the interrelationship between types of ACEs in adolescents of a Brazilian birth cohort. Data from 3,951 adolescents (78.4% of the original cohort) from the 1993 Pelotas Cohort were analyzed. Seven types of ACEs were assessed in those up to 18 years old: physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, domestic violence, parental separation and parental death. The most common ACE was parental separation (42%), followed by emotional neglect (19.7%) and domestic violence (10.3%). Approximately 85% of the adolescents experienced at least one ACE, and females reported a higher number of adversities. Several socioeconomic, demographic and family-related characteristics were associated with the occurrence of ACEs, e.g. non-white skin color, low family income, low maternal schooling, absence of mother's partner, maternal smoking, and poor maternal mental health. A strong interrelationship was observed among the ACEs, indicating clustering of risk. These aspects should be considered by health and social care professionals in the prevention and identification of childhood adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura D Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana M B Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Hohwü L, Li J, Olsen J, Sørensen TIA, Obel C. Severe maternal stress exposure due to bereavement before, during and after pregnancy and risk of overweight and obesity in young adult men: a Danish National Cohort Study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97490. [PMID: 24828434 PMCID: PMC4020839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal stress may programme overweight and obesity. We examined whether maternal pre- and post-natal bereavement was associated with overweight and obesity in young men. METHODS A cohort study was conducted including 119,908 men born from 1976 to 1993 and examined for military service between 2006 and 2011. Among them, 4,813 conscripts were born to mothers bereaved by death of a close relative from 12 months preconception to birth of the child (exposed group). Median body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated. Odds ratio of overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) were estimated by logistic regression analysis adjusted for maternal educational level. RESULTS Median BMI was similar in the exposed and the unexposed group but the prevalence of overweight (33.3% versus 30.4%, p = 0.02) and obesity (9.8% versus 8.5%, p = 0.06) was higher in the exposed group. Conscripts exposed 6 to 0 months before conception and during pregnancy had a higher risk of overweight (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03; 1.27 and odds ratio 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03; 1.25, respectively). Conscripts born to mothers who experienced death of the child's biological father before child birth had a two-fold risk of obesity (odds ratio 2.00, 95% CI: 0.93; 4.31). There was no elevated risk in those who experienced maternal bereavement postnatally. CONCLUSION Maternal bereavement during the prenatal period was associated with increased risk of overweight or obesity in a group of young male conscripts, and this may possibly be reflected to severe stress exposure early in life. However, not all associations were clear, and further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hohwü
- Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jiong Li
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksbjerg Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Obel
- Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Nielsen NM, Pedersen BV, Stenager E, Koch-Henriksen N, Frisch M. Stressful life-events in childhood and risk of multiple sclerosis: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Mult Scler 2014; 20:1609-15. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458514528761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Current knowledge concerning the association between exposure to stressful life-events (SFLEs) in childhood and later risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) is sparse. Objectives: We studied the associations between SFLEs in childhood and subsequent risk of MS in a nationwide cohort of 2.9 million Danes born from 1968 to 2011. Methods: A SFLE in childhood was defined as exposure before age 18 years to parental divorce, parental death, or death of a sibling, using information from the Danish Civil Registration System. MS cases in the cohort were identified in the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry. Associations of SFLE with MS risk were evaluated by incidence rate ratios (RR) of MS obtained in log-linear Poisson regression models. Results: Persons exposed to any SFLE in childhood were at 11% elevated risk of MS (RR = 1.11; 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.20), compared to non-exposed persons. Stratification by subtype of SFLE showed that parental death and death of a sibling were not associated with MS risk. However, persons exposed to parental divorce were at 13% increased risk of developing MS compared to non-exposed (RR = 1.13; 1.04–1.23). Conclusions: Associations of SFLEs in childhood with risk of MS are weak. However, parental divorce is somehow associated with modestly increased risk of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nete Munk Nielsen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Bo V Pedersen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark
| | - Egon Stenager
- The Danish MS Registry, the Danish MS Research Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen/Institute of Regional Health Research/Multiple Sclerosis Clinic of Southern Jutland (Sønderborg, Vejle, Esbjerg), Department of Neurology, Sønderborg, Denmark and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Nils Koch-Henriksen
- The Danish MS Registry, the Danish MS Research Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark/Clinical Institute, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Morten Frisch
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark
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