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Rinaldi M, Pezone A, Quadrini GI, Abbadessa G, Laezza MP, Passaro ML, Porcellini A, Costagliola C. Targeting shared pathways in tauopathies and age-related macular degeneration: implications for novel therapies. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1371745. [PMID: 38633983 PMCID: PMC11021713 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1371745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate parallels in structure and function between the human retina and the central nervous system designate the retina as a prospective avenue for understanding brain-related processes. This review extensively explores the shared physiopathological mechanisms connecting age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and proteinopathies, with a specific focus on tauopathies. The pivotal involvement of oxidative stress and cellular senescence emerges as key drivers of pathogenesis in both conditions. Uncovering these shared elements not only has the potential to enhance our understanding of intricate neurodegenerative diseases but also sets the stage for pioneering therapeutic approaches in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Rinaldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pezone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia Italia Quadrini
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Abbadessa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Laezza
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Passaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Robinson L, Dreesen E, Mondesir M, Harrington C, Wischik C, Riedel G. Apathy-like behaviour in tau mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Behav Brain Res 2024; 456:114707. [PMID: 37820751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Apathy is the most common behavioural and psychological symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In patients, apathy can include symptoms of loss of motivation, initiative, and interest, listlessness, and indifference, flattening of emotions, absence of drive and passion. Researchers have later refined this to a reduction in goal direct behaviours. In animals, specific symptoms of apathy-like behaviour have been modelled including goal directed or nest-building behaviour which are seen as indicative of proxies for motivation and daily activities. In the present study a nest-building protocol was established using four different inbred mouse strains (CD1, BALB/c, C57Bl/6J, C3H) before assessing AD and FTD tau transgenic mice of Line 1 (L1) and Line 66 (L66) in this paradigm. Female mice aged 5 - 6 months were assessed in the home cage over a period of 7 days with nest-building behaviour scored by three independent experimenters at intervals of 1-, 2- and 7-days post nestlet introduction. Inbred mouse strains displayed different levels of nesting behaviour. BALB/c mice were more proficient than CD1 and C3H mice, while all strains displayed similar nest-building behaviour by day 7. In the tau mouse models, L66 presented with impaired nesting compared to wild-type on days 1 and 2 (not day 7), whereas L1 performed like wild-type on all days. Anhedonia measured in a sucrose preference test was only observed in L66. Anhedonia and low nesting scores in L66 mice are indicative of apathy-like phenotypes. Differences evident between the L1 and L66 tau transgenic mouse models are likely due to the different human tau species expressed in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Robinson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom.
| | - Eline Dreesen
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Mondesir
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Harrington
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom; TauRx Therapeutics Ltd, 395 King Street, Aberdeen AB24 5RP, United Kingdom
| | - Claude Wischik
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom; TauRx Therapeutics Ltd, 395 King Street, Aberdeen AB24 5RP, United Kingdom
| | - Gernot Riedel
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
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Cressot C, Vrillon A, Lilamand M, Francisque H, Méauzoone A, Hourregue C, Dumurgier J, Marlinge E, Paquet C, Cognat E. Psychosis in Neurodegenerative Dementias: A Systematic Comparative Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:85-99. [PMID: 38669539 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Psychosis, characterized by delusions and/or hallucinations, is frequently observed during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative dementias (ND) (i.e., dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)) and cause diagnostic and management difficulties. Objective This review aims at presenting a concise and up-to-date overview of psychotic symptoms that occur in patients with ND with a comparative approach. Methods A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. 98 original studies investigating psychosis phenotypes in neurodegenerative dementias were identified (40 cohort studies, 57 case reports). Results Psychosis is a frequently observed phenomenon during the course of ND, with reported prevalence ranging from 22.5% to 54.1% in AD, 55.9% to 73.9% in DLB, and 18% to 42% in FTD. Throughout all stages of these diseases, noticeable patterns emerge depending on their underlying causes. Misidentification delusions (16.6-78.3%) and visual hallucinations (50-69.6%) are frequently observed in DLB, while paranoid ideas and somatic preoccupations seem to be particularly common in AD and FTD, (respectively 9.1-60.3% and 3.10-41.5%). Limited data were found regarding psychosis in the early stages of these disorders. Conclusions Literature data suggest that different ND are associated with noticeable variations in psychotic phenotypes, reflecting disease-specific tendencies. Further studies focusing on the early stages of these disorders are necessary to enhance our understanding of early psychotic manifestations associated with ND and help in differential diagnosis issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Cressot
- Université Paris Cité, UMRS 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Vrillon
- Université Paris Cité, UMRS 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Lilamand
- Université Paris Cité, UMRS 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
- Service de Gériatrie, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Francisque
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Méauzoone
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Claire Hourregue
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dumurgier
- Université Paris Cité, UMRS 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1153, Paris, France
| | - Emeline Marlinge
- Département de Psychiatrie, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- Université Paris Cité, UMRS 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Cognat
- Université Paris Cité, UMRS 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
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Passaro ML, Matarazzo F, Abbadessa G, Pezone A, Porcellini A, Tranfa F, Rinaldi M, Costagliola C. Glaucoma as a Tauopathy-Is It the Missing Piece in the Glaucoma Puzzle? J Clin Med 2023; 12:6900. [PMID: 37959365 PMCID: PMC10650423 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder affecting the visual system which can result in vision loss and blindness. The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying glaucomatous optic neuropathy are ultimately enigmatic, prompting ongoing investigations into its potential shared pathogenesis with other neurodegenerative neurological disorders. Tauopathies represent a subclass of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the abnormal deposition of tau protein within the brain and consequent microtubule destabilization. The extended spectrum of tauopathies includes conditions such as frontotemporal dementias, progressive supranuclear palsy, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Notably, recent decades have witnessed emerging documentation of tau inclusion among glaucoma patients, providing substantiation that this ocular disease may similarly manifest features of tauopathies. These studies found that: (i) aggregated tau inclusions are present in the somatodendritic compartment of RGCs in glaucoma patients; (ii) the etiology of the disease may affect tau splicing, phosphorylation, oligomerization, and subcellular localization; and (iii) short interfering RNA against tau, administered intraocularly, significantly decreased retinal tau accumulation and enhanced RGC somas and axon survival, demonstrating a crucial role for tau modifications in ocular hypertension-induced neuronal injury. Here, we examine the most recent evidence surrounding the interplay between tau protein dysregulation and glaucomatous neurodegeneration. We explore the novel perspective of glaucoma as a tau-associated disorder and open avenues for cross-disciplinary collaboration and new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Passaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.P.); (F.T.); (C.C.)
| | | | - Gianmarco Abbadessa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonio Pezone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Porcellini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Fausto Tranfa
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.P.); (F.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Michele Rinaldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.P.); (F.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.L.P.); (F.T.); (C.C.)
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Ruthirakuhan M, Ismail Z, Herrmann N, Gallagher D, Lanctot KL. Mild behavioral impairment is associated with progression to Alzheimer's disease: A clinicopathological study. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2199-2208. [PMID: 35103400 PMCID: PMC9339594 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is characterized by later-life emergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Investigating its relationship with progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) would provide insight on its importance as a predictor of AD. METHODS Cognitively normal participants (N = 11,372) from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center were stratified by MBI status, using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire. We investigated whether MBI and its domains were predictors of progression to clinically-diagnosed AD. MBI as a predictor of progression to neuropathology-confirmed AD was also investigated in those with neuropathological data. RESULTS Six percent (N = 671) of participants progressed to AD. MBI (N = 2765) was a significant predictor of progression to clinically-diagnosed (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.75) and neuropathology-confirmed AD (HR = 1.59). MBI domains were also associated with clinically-diagnosed AD, with psychosis having the greatest effect (HR = 6.49). DISCUSSION These findings support the biological underpinnings of MBI, emphasizing the importance of later life behavioral changes in dementia detection and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myuri Ruthirakuhan
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O’Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Damien Gallagher
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Krista L. Lanctot
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Perez SD, Phillips JS, Norise C, Kinney NG, Vaddi P, Halpin A, Rascovsky K, Irwin DJ, McMillan CT, Xie L, Wisse LE, Yushkevich PA, Kallogjeri D, Grossman M, Cousins KA. Neuropsychological and Neuroanatomical Features of Patients with Behavioral/Dysexecutive Variant Alzheimer’s disease (AD): A Comparison to Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Amnestic AD Groups. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:641-658. [PMID: 35938245 PMCID: PMC10117623 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: An understudied variant of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the behavioral/dysexecutive variant of AD (bvAD), is associated with progressive personality, behavior, and/or executive dysfunction and frontal atrophy. Objective: This study characterizes the neuropsychological and neuroanatomical features associated with bvAD by comparing it to behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), amnestic AD (aAD), and subjects with normal cognition. Methods: Subjects included 16 bvAD, 67 bvFTD, and 18 aAD patients, and 26 healthy controls. Neuropsychological assessment and MRI data were compared between these groups. Results: Compared to bvFTD, bvAD showed more significant visuospatial impairments (Rey Figure copy and recall), more irritability (Neuropsychological Inventory), and equivalent verbal memory (Philadelphia Verbal Learning Test). Compared to aAD, bvAD indicated more executive dysfunction (F-letter fluency) and better visuospatial performance. Neuroimaging analysis found that bvAD showed cortical thinning relative to bvFTD posteriorly in left temporal-occipital regions; bvFTD had cortical thinning relative to bvAD in left inferior frontal cortex. bvAD had cortical thinning relative to aAD in prefrontal and anterior temporal regions. All patient groups had lower volumes than controls in both anterior and posterior hippocampus. However, bvAD patients had higher average volume than aAD patients in posterior hippocampus and higher volume than bvFTD patients in anterior hippocampus after adjustment for age and intracranial volume. Conclusion: Findings demonstrated that underlying pathology mediates disease presentation in bvAD and bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Dominguez Perez
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Phillips
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catherine Norise
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nikolas G. Kinney
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prerana Vaddi
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Halpin
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Katya Rascovsky
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J. Irwin
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corey T. McMillan
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Long Xie
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Image Computing and Science Lab & Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura E.M. Wisse
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Image Computing and Science Lab & Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul A. Yushkevich
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Image Computing and Science Lab & Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dorina Kallogjeri
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katheryn A.Q. Cousins
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Jenkins LM, Wang L, Rosen H, Weintraub S. A transdiagnostic review of neuroimaging studies of apathy and disinhibition in dementia. Brain 2022; 145:1886-1905. [PMID: 35388419 PMCID: PMC9630876 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apathy and disinhibition are common and highly distressing neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with negative outcomes in persons with dementia. This paper is a critical review of functional and structural neuroimaging studies of these symptoms transdiagnostically in dementia of the Alzheimer type, which is characterized by prominent amnesia early in the disease course, and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, characterized by early social-comportmental deficits. We describe the prevalence and clinical correlates of these symptoms and describe methodological issues, including difficulties with symptom definition and different measurement instruments. We highlight the heterogeneity of findings, noting however, a striking similarity of the set of brain regions implicated across clinical diagnoses and symptoms. These regions involve several key nodes of the salience network, and we describe the functions and anatomical connectivity of these brain areas, as well as present a new theoretical account of disinhibition in dementia. Future avenues for research are discussed, including the importance of transdiagnostic studies, measuring subdomains of apathy and disinhibition, and examining different units of analysis for deepening our understanding of the networks and mechanisms underlying these extremely distressing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M Jenkins
- Correspondence to: Lisanne Jenkins 710 N Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1315 Chicago, IL 60611, USA E-mail:
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Howie Rosen
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA 94158
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA 60611
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Zhang Y, Wu KM, Yang L, Dong Q, Yu JT. Tauopathies: new perspectives and challenges. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:28. [PMID: 35392986 PMCID: PMC8991707 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by neuronal and/or glial tau-positive inclusions. MAIN BODY Clinically, tauopathies can present with a range of phenotypes that include cognitive/behavioral-disorders, movement disorders, language disorders and non-specific amnestic symptoms in advanced age. Pathologically, tauopathies can be classified based on the predominant tau isoforms that are present in the inclusion bodies (i.e., 3R, 4R or equal 3R:4R ratio). Imaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood-based tau biomarkers have the potential to be used as a routine diagnostic strategy and in the evaluation of patients with tauopathies. As tauopathies are strongly linked neuropathologically and genetically to tau protein abnormalities, there is a growing interest in pursuing of tau-directed therapeutics for the disorders. Here we synthesize emerging lessons on tauopathies from clinical, pathological, genetic, and experimental studies toward a unified concept of these disorders that may accelerate the therapeutics. CONCLUSIONS Since tauopathies are still untreatable diseases, efforts have been made to depict clinical and pathological characteristics, identify biomarkers, elucidate underlying pathogenesis to achieve early diagnosis and develop disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Kai-Min Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, 12th Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
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9
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Kumfor F, Liang CT, Hazelton JL, Leyton CE, Kaizik C, Devenney E, Connaughton E, Langdon R, Mioshi E, Kwok JB, Dobson‐Stone C, Halliday GM, Piguet O, Hodges JR, Landin‐Romero R. Examining the presence and nature of delusions in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia syndromes. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37:10.1002/gps.5692. [PMID: 35178786 PMCID: PMC9546395 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abnormal beliefs and delusions have been reported in some people with dementia, however, the prevalence of delusions, and their neurocognitive basis has been underexplored. This study aimed to examine the presence, severity, content and neural correlates of delusions in a large, well-characterised cohort of dementia patients using a transdiagnostic, cross-sectional approach. METHODS Four-hundred and eighty-seven people with dementia were recruited: 102 Alzheimer's disease, 136 behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia, 154 primary progressive aphasia, 29 motor neurone disease, 46 corticobasal syndrome, 20 progressive supranuclear palsy. All patients underwent neuropsychological assessment and brain magnetic resonance imaging, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory was conducted with an informant, by an experienced clinician. RESULTS In our cohort, 48/487 patients (10.8%) had delusions. A diagnosis of behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (18.4%) and Alzheimer's disease (11.8%) were associated with increased risk of delusions. A positive gene mutation was observed in 11/27 people with delusions. Individuals with frequent delusions performed worse on the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (p = 0.035), particularly on the orientation/attention (p = 0.022) and memory (p = 0.013) subtests. Voxel-based morphometry analyses found that increased delusional psychopathology was associated with reduced integrity of the right middle frontal gyrus, right planum temporale and left anterior temporal pole. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that delusions are relatively common in dementia and uncover a unique cognitive and neural profile associated with the manifestation of delusions. Clinically, delusions may lead to delayed or misdiagnosis. Our results shed light on how to identify individuals at risk of neuropsychiatric features of dementia, a crucial first step to enable targeted symptom management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Kumfor
- School of PsychologyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Brain & Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Cheng Tao Liang
- School of PsychologyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Brain & Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jessica L. Hazelton
- School of PsychologyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Brain & Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Cristian E. Leyton
- Brain & Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Health SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Cassandra Kaizik
- Brain & Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Memory and Cognition ClinicRPA HospitalSydneyLocal Health District, New South WalesAustralia
| | - Emma Devenney
- Brain & Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Emily Connaughton
- Department of Cognitive SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Robyn Langdon
- Department of Cognitive SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Eneida Mioshi
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - John B. Kwok
- Brain & Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Carol Dobson‐Stone
- Brain & Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Glenda M. Halliday
- Brain & Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- School of PsychologyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Brain & Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John R. Hodges
- Brain & Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ramon Landin‐Romero
- School of PsychologyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Brain & Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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10
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Sommerlad A, Park HK, Marston L, Livingston G. Apathy in UK Care Home Residents with Dementia: Longitudinal Course and Determinants. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:731-740. [PMID: 35342090 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apathy in dementia is common and associated with worse disease outcomes. OBJECTIVE To describe the longitudinal course of apathy in dementia and identify associated sociodemographic and disease-related factors. METHODS Prospective cohort study of UK care home residents with dementia. At baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 16 months, care home staff rated apathy using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (clinically-significant apathy if≥4), dementia severity, and provided other sociodemographic information about each participant. We examined the prevalence and persistence of apathy and, in mixed linear models, its association with time, age, sex, dementia severity, antipsychotic use, and baseline apathy and other neuropsychiatric symptoms. RESULTS Of 1,419 included participants (mean age 85 years (SD 8.5)), 30% had mild dementia, 33% moderate, and 37% severe. The point prevalence of clinically-significant apathy was 21.4% (n = 304) and the 16-month period prevalence was 47.3% (n = 671). Of participants with follow-up data, 45 (3.8%) were always clinically-significantly apathetic, 3 (0.3%) were always sub-clinically apathetic, and 420 (36.2%) were never apathetic until death or end of follow-up. In adjusted models, apathy increased over time and was associated with having more severe dementia, worse baseline apathy and other neuropsychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSION It is important for clinicians to know that most people with dementia are not apathetic, though it is common. Most of those with significant symptoms of apathy improve without specific treatments, although some also relapse, meaning that intervention may not be needed. Future research should seek to target those people with persistent severe apathy and test treatments in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sommerlad
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hee Kyung Park
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK.,Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Louise Marston
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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11
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Ossenkoppele R, Singleton EH, Groot C, Dijkstra AA, Eikelboom WS, Seeley WW, Miller B, Laforce RJ, Scheltens P, Papma JM, Rabinovici GD, Pijnenburg YAL. Research Criteria for the Behavioral Variant of Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2021; 79:48-60. [PMID: 34870696 PMCID: PMC8649917 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.4417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance The behavioral variant of Alzheimer disease (bvAD) is characterized by early and predominant behavioral deficits caused by AD pathology. This AD phenotype is insufficiently understood and lacks standardized clinical criteria, limiting reliability and reproducibility of diagnosis and scientific reporting. Objective To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the bvAD literature and use the outcomes to propose research criteria for this syndrome. Data Sources A systematic literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases (from inception through April 7, 2021) was performed in duplicate. Study Selection Studies reporting on behavioral, neuropsychological, or neuroimaging features in bvAD and, when available, providing comparisons with typical amnestic-predominant AD (tAD) or behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Data Extraction and Synthesis This analysis involved random-effects meta-analyses on group-level study results of clinical data and systematic review of the neuroimaging literature. The study was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Main Outcomes and Measures Behavioral symptoms (neuropsychiatric symptoms and bvFTD core clinical criteria), cognitive function (global cognition, episodic memory, and executive functioning), and neuroimaging features (structural magnetic resonance imaging, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography, amyloid positron emission tomography, and tau positron emission tomography). Results The search led to the assessment of 83 studies, including 13 suitable for meta-analysis. Data were collected for 591 patients with bvAD. There was moderate to substantial heterogeneity and moderate risk of bias across studies. Cases with bvAD showed more severe behavioral symptoms than tAD (standardized mean difference [SMD], 1.16 [95% CI, 0.74-1.59]; P < .001) and a trend toward less severe behavioral symptoms compared with bvFTD (SMD, -0.22 [95% CI, -0.47 to 0.04]; P = .10). Meta-analyses of cognitive data indicated worse executive performance in bvAD vs tAD (SMD, -1.03 [95% CI, -1.74 to -0.32]; P = .008) but not compared with bvFTD (SMD, -0.61 [95% CI, -1.75 to 0.53]; P = .29). Cases with bvAD showed a nonsignificant difference of worse memory performance compared with bvFTD (SMD, -1.31 [95% CI, -2.75 to 0.14]; P = .08) but did not differ from tAD (SMD, 0.43 [95% CI, -0.46 to 1.33]; P = .34). The neuroimaging literature revealed 2 distinct bvAD neuroimaging phenotypes: an AD-like pattern with relative frontal sparing and a relatively more bvFTD-like pattern characterized by additional anterior involvement, with the AD-like pattern being more prevalent. Conclusions and Relevance These data indicate that bvAD is clinically most similar to bvFTD, while it shares most pathophysiological features with tAD. Based on these insights, we propose research criteria for bvAD aimed at improving the consistency and reliability of future research and aiding the clinical assessment of this AD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Lund University, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ellen H Singleton
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Colin Groot
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anke A Dijkstra
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem S Eikelboom
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Bruce Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Robert Jr Laforce
- Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janne M Papma
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.,Associate Editor, JAMA Neurology
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Migliaccio R, Tanguy D, Bouzigues A, Sezer I, Dubois B, Le Ber I, Batrancourt B, Godefroy V, Levy R. Cognitive and behavioural inhibition deficits in neurodegenerative dementias. Cortex 2020; 131:265-283. [PMID: 32919754 PMCID: PMC7416687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disinhibition, mainly caused by damage in frontotemporal brain regions, is one of the major causes of caregiver distress in neurodegenerative dementias. Behavioural inhibition deficits are usually described as a loss of social conduct and impulsivity, whereas cognitive inhibition deficits refer to impairments in the suppression of prepotent verbal responses and resistance to distractor interference. In this review, we aim to discuss inhibition deficits in neurodegenerative dementias through behavioural, cognitive, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological exploration. We also discuss impulsivity and compulsivity behaviours as related to disinhibition. We will therefore describe different tests available to assess both behavioural and cognitive disinhibition and summarise different manifestations of disinhibition across several neurodegenerative diseases (behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Huntington's disease). Finally, we will present the latest findings about structural, metabolic, functional, neurophysiological and also neuropathological correlates of inhibition impairments. We will briefly conclude by mentioning some of the latest pharmacological and non pharmacological treatment options available for disinhibition. Within this framework, we aim to highlight i) the current interests and limits of tests and questionnaires available to assess behavioural and cognitive inhibition in clinical practice and in clinical research; ii) the interpretation of impulsivity and compulsivity within the spectrum of inhibition deficits; and iii) the brain regions and networks involved in such behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Migliaccio
- FrontLab, INSERM U1127, Institut du cerveau, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France,Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,Corresponding author. Institut du cerveau (ICM), Inserm Unit 1127, 47 bd de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Tanguy
- FrontLab, INSERM U1127, Institut du cerveau, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France,Univ Rennes, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Arabella Bouzigues
- FrontLab, INSERM U1127, Institut du cerveau, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Idil Sezer
- FrontLab, INSERM U1127, Institut du cerveau, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- FrontLab, INSERM U1127, Institut du cerveau, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France,Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- FrontLab, INSERM U1127, Institut du cerveau, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France,Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Batrancourt
- FrontLab, INSERM U1127, Institut du cerveau, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Godefroy
- FrontLab, INSERM U1127, Institut du cerveau, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Richard Levy
- FrontLab, INSERM U1127, Institut du cerveau, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France,Centre de Référence des Démences Rares ou Précoces, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France,Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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13
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Mukku SSR, Jagtap N, Issac TG, Mangalore S, Sivakumar PT. Psychotic symptoms in frontotemporal dementia with right frontotemporal atrophy. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 52:102040. [PMID: 32361059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) often mimics a primary psychiatric disorder. A subset of patients with FTD presents with psychotic symptoms either during the course of illness and less often prior to the onset of cognitive decline. This leads to delay in diagnosis and inappropriate exposure to high dose antipsychotic medication. Among the predictors for psychotic symptoms, the involvement of specific anatomical regions such as right frontotemporal lobe has been reported in few studies. We report a case of FTD presenting as late-onset psychosis with right frontotemporal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shanker Reddy Mukku
- Geriatric Clinic & Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Namrata Jagtap
- Geriatric Clinic & Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Thomas Gregor Issac
- Geriatric Clinic & Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Sandhya Mangalore
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Palanimuthu T Sivakumar
- Geriatric Clinic & Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India.
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14
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Scarioni M, Gami-Patel P, Timar Y, Seelaar H, van Swieten JC, Rozemuller AJM, Dols A, Scarpini E, Galimberti D, Hoozemans JJM, Pijnenburg YAL, Dijkstra AA. Frontotemporal Dementia: Correlations Between Psychiatric Symptoms and Pathology. Ann Neurol 2020; 87:950-961. [PMID: 32281118 PMCID: PMC7318614 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathology of frontotemporal dementia, termed frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), is characterized by distinct molecular classes of aggregated proteins, the most common being TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43), tau, and fused in sarcoma (FUS). With a few exceptions, it is currently not possible to predict the underlying pathology based on the clinical syndrome. In this study, we set out to investigate the relationship between pathological and clinical presentation at single symptom level, including neuropsychiatric features. METHODS The presence or absence of symptoms from the current clinical guidelines, together with neuropsychiatric features, such as hallucinations and delusions, were scored and compared across pathological groups in a cohort of 150 brain donors. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 68.6% FTLD donors (35.3% TDP-43, 28% tau, and 5.3% FUS) and 31.3% non-FTLD donors with a clinical diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia and a different pathological substrate, such as Alzheimer's disease (23%). The presence of hyperorality points to FTLD rather than non-FTLD pathology (p < 0.001). Within the FTLD group, hallucinations in the initial years of the disease were related to TDP-43 pathology (p = 0.02), including but not limited to chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) repeat expansion carriers. The presence of perseverative or compulsive behavior was more common in the TDP-B and TDP-C histotypes (p = 0.002). INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that neuropsychiatric features are common in FTLD and form an important indicator of underlying pathology. In order to allow better inclusion of patients in targeted molecular trials, the routine evaluation of patients with frontotemporal dementia should include the presence and nature of neuropsychiatric symptoms. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:950-961.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Scarioni
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Priya Gami-Patel
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yannick Timar
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Dols
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, GGZinGeest/Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | -
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J M Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke A Dijkstra
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
REASONS FOR THE STUDY The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) has been used for studies of neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative disorders for the past 25 years. This article reviews the history of the development and application of the NPI. MAIN FINDINGS The NPI consists of 10 (or 12) items that are assayed with questions, subquestions, and ratings of frequency and severity. The NPI has been shown to be valid and reliable. The NPI has been translated into approximately 40 languages; it has 4 of versions designed for different clinical applications. The NPI studies show contrasting profiles of behavioral symptoms in different neurologic disorders. The NPI has been used in approximately 350 clinical trials. In economic studies, the NPI captures the cost of behavioral symptoms in dementias. PRINCIPLE CONCLUSIONS The NPI is a useful instrument for capturing behavioral changes in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Cummings
- Department of Brain Health, School of integrated Health Sciences, UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, USA,Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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16
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Okada K, Hata Y, Takayanagi Y, Takahashi T, Takayanagi I, Nishida N. An Autopsy Case of Preclinical/Early Clinical Pick Disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:971-974. [PMID: 31504691 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a 74-year-old woman with a long history of schizophrenia but no clinical manifestation of dementia. Cause of death after autopsy was atherosclerotic heart disease. Although neuropathological investigation showed no significant brain atrophy, superficial microvacuolation with neuronal loss was restrictedly detected in the right anterior cingulate gyrus by microscopic examination. Pick bodies (PBs) positive for Bodian and Bielshowsky staining and 3-repeat-tau were detected in frontal and temporal lobes and limbic regions. Prevalence of PBs was most frequent in the right anterior cingulate gyrus and lateral base, followed by other neocortical regions of the frontal lobe, amygdala, and granular layer of the hippocampus. Although the number of glial inclusions was low, ramified astrocytes and various forms of astrocytes with AT8-positive inclusions were also found. Thus, the case may reflect preclinical or very early clinical Pick disease. Distribution of PBs does not necessarily have to be consistent with previously reported preclinical/early clinical Pick disease. These results show that tau pathology in the earlier stage of Pick disease may be heterogeneous, and the anterior cingulate gyrus may be initially affected in Pick disease. Neuropathological examination, including immunohistochemistry without case selection, is useful in identifying clinical and pathological manifestations of Pick disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Okada
- University of Toyama, Fuculty of Medicine.,Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Yukiko Hata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Isao Takayanagi
- Department of Psychiatry, Arisawabashi Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishida
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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17
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Borges LG, Rademaker AW, Bigio EH, Mesulam MM, Weintraub S. Apathy and Disinhibition Related to Neuropathology in Amnestic Versus Behavioral Dementias. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2019; 34:337-343. [PMID: 31170813 PMCID: PMC7256964 DOI: 10.1177/1533317519853466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigating the frequency of apathy and disinhibition in patients clinically diagnosed with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) or behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) with neuropathology of either Alzheimer disease (AD) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). METHODS Retrospective data from 887 cases were analyzed, and the frequencies of apathy and disinhibition were compared at baseline and longitudinally in 4 groups: DAT/AD, DAT/FTLD, bvFTD/FTLD, and bvFTD/AD. RESULTS Apathy alone was more common in AD (33%) than FTLD (25%), and the combination of apathy and disinhibition was more common in FTLD (43%) than AD (14%; P < .0001). Over time, apathy became more frequent in AD with increasing dementia severity (33%-41%; P < .006). CONCLUSIONS Alzheimer disease neuropathology had the closest association with the neuropsychiatric symptom of apathy, while FTLD was most associated with the combination of apathy and disinhibition. Over time, the frequency of those with apathy increased in both AD and FTLD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia G. Borges
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alfred W. Rademaker
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen H. Bigio
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neuropathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M-Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Nascimento C, Nunes VP, Diehl Rodriguez R, Takada L, Suemoto CK, Grinberg LT, Nitrini R, Lafer B. A review on shared clinical and molecular mechanisms between bipolar disorder and frontotemporal dementia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 93:269-283. [PMID: 31014945 PMCID: PMC6994228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders are highly prevalent and important causes of medical burden worldwide. Co-occurrence of neurological and psychiatric symptoms are observed among mental disorders, representing a challenge for their differential diagnosis. Psychiatrists and neurologists have faced challenges in diagnosing old adults presenting behavioral changes. This is the case for early frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and bipolar disorder. In its initial stages, FTD is characterized by behavioral or language disturbances in the absence of cognitive symptoms. Consequently, patients with the behavioral subtype of FTD (bv-FTD) can be initially misdiagnosed as having a psychiatric disorder, typically major depression disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). Bipolar disorder is associated with a higher risk of dementia in older adults and with cognitive impairment, with a subset of patients presents a neuroprogressive pattern during the disease course. No mendelian mutations were identified in BD, whereas three major genetic causes of FTD have been identified. Clinical similarities between BD and bv-FTD raise the question whether common molecular pathways might explain shared clinical symptoms. Here, we reviewed existing data on clinical and molecular similarities between BD and FTD to propose biological pathways that can be further investigated as common or specific markers of BD and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Nascimento
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Villela Paula Nunes
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Diehl Rodriguez
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology and LIM 22, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Leonel Takada
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Kimie Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, LIM-22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-90, Brazil
| | - Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-90, Brazil; Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-120, USA.
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Kobayashi Z, Arai T, Kawakami I, Yokota O, Hosokawa M, Oshima K, Niizato K, Shiraishi A, Akiyama H, Mizusawa H. Clinical features of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia that are useful for predicting underlying pathological subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Psychogeriatrics 2018; 18:307-312. [PMID: 30133939 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is the most common phenotype of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). FTLD is divided into three main pathological subtypes: tau-positive FTLD (FTLD-tau), FTLD-TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP), and FTLD-Fused in sarcoma (FUS). At present, it is difficult to predict the underlying pathological subtypes of sporadic bvFTD before a patient's death. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the clinical features of 34 Japanese patients with sporadic bvFTD, with or without motor neuron disease (MND), who had been pathologically diagnosed with FTLD. We examined whether, and how, the clinical features differed among Pick's disease, FTLD-TDP, and FTLD-FUS patients. RESULTS Six of the 34 patients developed MND during the course of bvFTD. These six bvFTD-MND patients were all pathologically diagnosed with FTLD-TDP. The other 28 patients were composed of 12 FTLD-tau patients including 11 Pick's disease patients, 8 FTLD-TDP patients, and 8 FTLD-FUS patients. A comparison of the clinical features of the three pathological subtypes of the 33 patients demonstrated that the age at onset was significantly younger in FTLD-FUS patients than in Pick's disease or FTLD-TDP patients. Furthermore, while hyperorality and dietary changes in the early stage of the disease were present in approximately 40% of Pick's disease and FTLD-FUS patients, they were absent in FTLD-TDP patients. CONCLUSION The comorbidity of MND, a younger age at onset, and hyperorality and dietary changes in the early stage may be useful clinical features for predicting underlying pathological subtypes of sporadic bvFTD. The results of our study should be confirmed by prospective studies employing a larger number of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zen Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, JA Toride Medical Center, Toride, Japan.,Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ito Kawakami
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokota
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinoko Espoir Hospital, Kasaoka, Japan
| | - Masato Hosokawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Atsushi Shiraishi
- Emergency Department, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan.,Trauma and Acute Critical Care Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Tierney S, Woods SP, Verduzco M, Beltran J, Massman PJ, Hasbun R. Semantic Memory in HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders: An Evaluation of the "Cortical" Versus "Subcortical" Hypothesis. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 33:406-416. [PMID: 29028880 PMCID: PMC5965095 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) have historically been characterized as a subcortical condition that does not affect semantic memory; however, recent evidence suggests that the cortical regions that support semantic memory may be affected in HIV. METHOD The current study examined the effects of HAND on semantic memory in 85 HIV+ individuals with HAND, 193 HIV+ individuals without HAND, and 181 HIV- individuals who completed the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and the Famous Faces subtest of the Kauffman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT-FF). RESULTS Linear regressions revealed a significant adverse effect of HAND on total scores on the BNT and the KAIT-FF (all ps < .01). Analyses of BNT errors showed that individuals with HAND committed more semantically related errors as compared to the other two study groups (all ps < .05). However, there were no group differences in rates of visually based errors, which are more commonly observed in traditional subcortical diseases (all ps > .10). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that HAND may impose adverse effects on individuals' object naming and identification abilities suggestive of mild semantic deficits that parallel traditional cortical diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jessica Beltran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Hasbun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, USA
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22
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Massimo L, Kales HC, Kolanowski A. State of the Science: Apathy As a Model for Investigating Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 66 Suppl 1:S4-S12. [PMID: 29659001 PMCID: PMC5905718 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Apathy is one of the most common and pervasive of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs). Apathy has profound consequences for morbidity, mortality, and caregiver burden. Treatment of apathy has been hindered because of poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying this heterogeneous syndrome. Research has demonstrated that apathy is associated with disruption of the frontal-striatal system in individuals with neurodegenerative disease. As with other BPSDs, these neural mechanisms alone do not completely account for the syndrome; individual, caregiver, and environmental factors also contribute to apathy. In this article, we modify a current conceptual model of the factors contributing to BPSDs to examine determinants of apathy. This integrative model provides a more complete and theoretically informed understanding of apathy, allowing for greater insight into potential targets for research, intervention, and care. We end by proposing an agenda for moving the science of BPSDs in general, and apathy in particular, forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Massimo
- College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Helen C Kales
- Program for Positive Aging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ann Kolanowski
- College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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23
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Grishina DA, Yakhno NN, Zakharov VV. [Emotional, affective and behavioral disorders in a behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017; 117:13-17. [PMID: 29265081 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201711711113-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence and severity of non-cognitive nervous and psychiatric disorders (NNPD) in a behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients with BVFTD, aged from 41 to 73 years (mean 60.7±8.1 years), were studied. All patients underwent neurological and neuropsychological examinations. NNPD were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (J. Cummings et al). Twenty-seven patients underwent brain MRI with T1, T2 and FLAIR sequences. RESULTS The most clinically significant symptoms of NNPD were apathy, behavioral disinhibition, eating disorders, abnormal motor activity and euphoria. Irritability, sleep disorders and excitement were less frequent. Anxiety and depression were identified in 13.8 and 20.7% of the patients, respectively. The severity of NNPD can increase and their spectrum can be qualitatively changed with the disease progression that indicates the spread of the neurodegenerative process. CONCLUSION Patients with BVFTD had all NNPD with the exception of delusion and hallucinations. The character and degree of severity of some emotional, affective and behavioral disorders are associated with the predominant localization of the pathological process in frontal and temporal brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Grishina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N N Yakhno
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Zakharov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Perry DC, Brown JA, Possin KL, Datta S, Trujillo A, Radke A, Karydas A, Kornak J, Sias AC, Rabinovici GD, Gorno-Tempini ML, Boxer AL, De May M, Rankin KP, Sturm VE, Lee SE, Matthews BR, Kao AW, Vossel KA, Tartaglia MC, Miller ZA, Seo SW, Sidhu M, Gaus SE, Nana AL, Vargas JNS, Hwang JHL, Ossenkoppele R, Brown AB, Huang EJ, Coppola G, Rosen HJ, Geschwind D, Trojanowski JQ, Grinberg LT, Kramer JH, Miller BL, Seeley WW. Clinicopathological correlations in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Brain 2017; 140:3329-3345. [PMID: 29053860 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately predicting the underlying neuropathological diagnosis in patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) poses a daunting challenge for clinicians but will be critical for the success of disease-modifying therapies. We sought to improve pathological prediction by exploring clinicopathological correlations in a large bvFTD cohort. Among 438 patients in whom bvFTD was either the top or an alternative possible clinical diagnosis, 117 had available autopsy data, including 98 with a primary pathological diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), 15 with Alzheimer's disease, and four with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who lacked neurodegenerative disease-related pathology outside of the motor system. Patients with FTLD were distributed between FTLD-tau (34 patients: 10 corticobasal degeneration, nine progressive supranuclear palsy, eight Pick's disease, three frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism associated with chromosome 17, three unclassifiable tauopathy, and one argyrophilic grain disease); FTLD-TDP (55 patients: nine type A including one with motor neuron disease, 27 type B including 21 with motor neuron disease, eight type C with right temporal lobe presentations, and 11 unclassifiable including eight with motor neuron disease), FTLD-FUS (eight patients), and one patient with FTLD-ubiquitin proteasome system positive inclusions (FTLD-UPS) that stained negatively for tau, TDP-43, and FUS. Alzheimer's disease was uncommon (6%) among patients whose only top diagnosis during follow-up was bvFTD. Seventy-nine per cent of FTLD-tau, 86% of FTLD-TDP, and 88% of FTLD-FUS met at least 'possible' bvFTD diagnostic criteria at first presentation. The frequency of the six core bvFTD diagnostic features was similar in FTLD-tau and FTLD-TDP, suggesting that these features alone cannot be used to separate patients by major molecular class. Voxel-based morphometry revealed that nearly all pathological subgroups and even individual patients share atrophy in anterior cingulate, frontoinsula, striatum, and amygdala, indicating that degeneration of these regions is intimately linked to the behavioural syndrome produced by these diverse aetiologies. In addition to these unifying features, symptom profiles also differed among pathological subtypes, suggesting distinct anatomical vulnerabilities and informing a clinician's prediction of pathological diagnosis. Data-driven classification into one of the 10 most common pathological diagnoses was most accurate (up to 60.2%) when using a combination of known predictive factors (genetic mutations, motor features, or striking atrophy patterns) and the results of a discriminant function analysis that incorporated clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Perry
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jesse A Brown
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L Possin
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samir Datta
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Trujillo
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anneliese Radke
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Kornak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ana C Sias
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary De May
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Virginia E Sturm
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suzee E Lee
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brandy R Matthews
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Aimee W Kao
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Keith A Vossel
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Zachary A Miller
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manu Sidhu
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie E Gaus
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alissa L Nana
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jose Norberto S Vargas
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ji-Hye L Hwang
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alainna B Brown
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric J Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Neurogenetics program, Department of Neurology, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behaviour, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Neurogenetics program, Department of Neurology, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behaviour, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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25
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Kolanowski A, Boltz M, Galik E, Gitlin LN, Kales HC, Resnick B, Van Haitsma KS, Knehans A, Sutterlin JE, Sefcik JS, Liu W, Petrovsky DV, Massimo L, Gilmore-Bykovskyi A, MacAndrew M, Brewster G, Nalls V, Jao YL, Duffort N, Scerpella D. Determinants of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A scoping review of the evidence. Nurs Outlook 2017; 65:515-529. [PMID: 28826872 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are prevalent in people with neurodegenerative diseases. PURPOSE In this scoping review the Kales, Gitlin and Lykestos framework is used to answer the question: What high quality evidence exists for the patient, caregiver and environmental determinants of five specific BPSD: aggression, agitation, apathy, depression and psychosis? METHOD An a priori review protocol was developed; 692 of 6013 articles retrieved in the search were deemed eligible for review. Gough's Weight of Evidence Framework and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias were used. The findings from 56 high quality/low bias articles are summarized. DISCUSSION Each symptom had its own set of determinants, but many were common across several symptoms: neurodegeneration, type of dementia, severity of cognitive impairments, and declining functional abilities, and to a lesser extent, caregiver burden and communication. CONCLUSION Research and policy implications are relevant to the National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Boltz
- College of Nursing, Penn State, University Park, PA
| | | | - Laura N Gitlin
- Department of Community-Public Health, Center for Innovative Care in Aging, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Helen C Kales
- The Program for Positive Aging, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Kimberly S Van Haitsma
- Program for Person Centered Living Systems of Care, College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; Polisher Research Institute, Madlyn & Leonard Abramson Center for Jewish Life, North Wales, PA
| | - Amy Knehans
- Penn State College of Medicine, Harrell Health Sciences Library, Research & Learning Commons, Hershey, PA
| | | | | | - Wen Liu
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | | | | | - Margaret MacAndrew
- Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glenna Brewster
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | - Danny Scerpella
- Center for Innovative Care in Aging, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Sawyer RP, Rodriguez-Porcel F, Hagen M, Shatz R, Espay AJ. Diagnosing the frontal variant of Alzheimer's disease: a clinician's yellow brick road. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MOVEMENT DISORDERS 2017; 4:2. [PMID: 28265458 PMCID: PMC5333400 DOI: 10.1186/s40734-017-0052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Disruption of the frontal lobes and its associated networks are a common consequence of neurodegenerative disorders. Given the wide range of cognitive, behavioral and motor processes in which the frontal lobes are involved, there can be a great variety of manifestations depending on the pathology distribution. The most common are the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and the frontal variant of Alzheimer’s disease (fvAD), which are particularly challenging to disentangle. Recognizing fvAD from bvFTD-related pathologies is a diagnostic challenge and a critical need in the management and counseling of these patients. Case presentation Here we present three pathology-proven cases of Alzheimer’s disease initially misdiagnosed as bvFTD and discuss the distinctive or less overlapping historical, examination, and laboratory findings of fvAD and bvFTD, deriving analogies for mnemonic endurance from the Wizard of Oz worldview. Conclusion The Yellow Brick Road to diagnosing these disorders may be served by the metaphor of fvAD as the irritable, paranoid, and tremulous Scarecrow and bvFTD the heartless, ritualistic, and rigid Tin Man. An Oz-inspired creative license may help the clinician recognize the differential disease progression, caregiver burden, and treatment response of fvAD compared with bvFTD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40734-017-0052-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell P Sawyer
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson Street Suite 2300, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA
| | - Federico Rodriguez-Porcel
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson Street Suite 2300, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA.,UC Memory Disorders Center, University of Cincinnati, 234 Goodman Street, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA.,Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, 234 Goodman Street, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA
| | - Matthew Hagen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 234 Goodman Street, Cincinnati, OH 45219-0533 USA
| | - Rhonna Shatz
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson Street Suite 2300, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA.,UC Memory Disorders Center, University of Cincinnati, 234 Goodman Street, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson Street Suite 2300, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA.,Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, 234 Goodman Street, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA
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27
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Moheb N, Mendez MF, Kremen SA, Teng E. Executive Dysfunction and Behavioral Symptoms Are Associated with Deficits in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Frontotemporal Dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2017; 43:89-99. [PMID: 28103593 PMCID: PMC5300022 DOI: 10.1159/000455119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs) may be more prominent in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) than in nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) or semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA). It is uncertain whether frontotemporal dementia (FTD) subgroups exhibit different patterns and/or predictors of functional impairment. METHODS We examined data from participants diagnosed with bvFTD (n = 607), svPPA (n = 132), and nfvPPA (n = 155) who were included in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set (UDS) and assessed with the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify associations between FAQ scores and cognitive/behavioral deficits using the NACC UDS neuropsychological testing battery and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire. RESULTS FAQ scores were higher in bvFTD than svPPA or nfvPPA. Functional deficits across FTD subtypes differed in severity, but not pattern, and were driven by executive dysfunction and behavioral symptoms. CONCLUSION Executive dysfunction and behavioral symptoms underlie instrumental ADL deficits in FTD, which are most prominent in bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Moheb
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Mario F. Mendez
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
| | - Sarah A. Kremen
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Edmond Teng
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System
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28
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Lagarde J, Sarazin M. [Reconciliating neurology and psychiatry: The prototypical case of frontotemporal dementia]. Encephale 2016; 43:471-479. [PMID: 27772665 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) in its behavioral variant (bvFTD) is probably one of the conditions that best illustrates the links between psychiatry and neurology. It is indeed admitted that between a third and half of patients with this condition, especially in early-onset forms, receive an initial diagnosis of psychiatric disorder (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) and are then referred to a psychiatric ward. BvFTD can thus be considered a neurological disorder with a psychiatric presentation. Among psychiatric symptoms reported in this disease, psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, especially of persecution), which have long been underestimated in bvFTD and are not part of the current diagnostic criteria, are present in about 20% of cases and may be inaugural. They are particularly common in the genetic forms related to a mutation in the C9orf72 gene (up to 50%), and to a lesser extent in the GRN gene (up to 25%). C9orf72 gene mutation is often associated with a family history of dementia or motor neuron disease but also of psychiatric disorders. It has also been described in sporadic presentation forms. Sometimes, the moderate degree of brain atrophy on MRI described in patients carrying this mutation may complicate the differential diagnosis with late-onset psychiatric diseases. In the present article, we underline the importance of considering that psychiatric - especially psychotic - symptoms are not rare in bvFTD, which should lead to a revision of the diagnostic criteria of this disease by taking greater account of this fact. We also propose a diagnostic chart, based on concerted evaluation by neurologists and psychiatrists for cases of atypical psychiatric symptoms (late-onset or pharmacoresistant troubles) leading to consider the possibility of a neurological disorder, in order to shed a new light on these difficult clinical situations. In the field of research, bvFTD may constitute a model to explore the neural basis of certain psychiatric disorders, and a possible molecular link between bvFTD and psychoses, which could eventually lead to new therapeutic approaches, has been recently suggested. Thus, bvFTD illustrates how the links between neurology and psychiatry are close and tend to evolve with the progress of scientific knowledge. It is necessary to strengthen collaboration between the two disciplines both to improve the care - diagnosis and management of these patients - and to promote the emergence of innovative clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lagarde
- Unité de neurologie de la mémoire et du langage, centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - M Sarazin
- Unité de neurologie de la mémoire et du langage, centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France
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29
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Muñoz-Ruiz MÁ, Hall A, Mattila J, Koikkalainen J, Herukka SK, Husso M, Hänninen T, Vanninen R, Liu Y, Hallikainen M, Lötjönen J, Remes AM, Alafuzoff I, Soininen H, Hartikainen P. Using the Disease State Fingerprint Tool for Differential Diagnosis of Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2016; 6:313-329. [PMID: 27703465 PMCID: PMC5040932 DOI: 10.1159/000447122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease State Index (DSI) and its visualization, Disease State Fingerprint (DSF), form a computer-assisted clinical decision making tool that combines patient data and compares them with cases with known outcomes. AIMS To investigate the ability of the DSI to diagnose frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS The study cohort consisted of 38 patients with FTD, 57 with AD and 22 controls. Autopsy verification of FTD with TDP-43 positive pathology was available for 14 and AD pathology for 12 cases. We utilized data from neuropsychological tests, volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and the APOE genotype. The DSI classification results were calculated with a combination of leave-one-out cross-validation and bootstrapping. A DSF visualization of a FTD patient is presented as an example. RESULTS The DSI distinguishes controls from FTD (area under the receiver-operator curve, AUC = 0.99) and AD (AUC = 1.00) very well and achieves a good differential diagnosis between AD and FTD (AUC = 0.89). In subsamples of autopsy-confirmed cases (AUC = 0.97) and clinically diagnosed cases (AUC = 0.94), differential diagnosis of AD and FTD performs very well. CONCLUSIONS DSI is a promising computer-assisted biomarker approach for aiding in the diagnostic process of dementing diseases. Here, DSI separates controls from dementia and differentiates between AD and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Muñoz-Ruiz
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, and Departments of, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anette Hall
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, and Departments of, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jussi Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, and Departments of, Tampere, Finland; Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Husso
- Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuomo Hänninen
- Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yawu Liu
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, and Departments of, Tampere, Finland; Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Tampere, Finland
| | - Merja Hallikainen
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, and Departments of, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jyrki Lötjönen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne M Remes
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, and Departments of, Tampere, Finland; Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Tampere, Finland
| | - Irina Alafuzoff
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Clinical/Surgical Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, and Departments of, Tampere, Finland; Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Hartikainen
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, and Departments of, Tampere, Finland; Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Tampere, Finland
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30
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Birkhoff JM, Garberi C, Re L. The behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia: An analysis of the literature and a case report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2016; 47:157-163. [PMID: 27143117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this case report is to underline the importance of possible legal consequences of the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). This disease is associated with antisocial behavior, impulse control disorder and cognitive and personality impairment, which are often the earliest manifestations of the bvFTD. One of the antisocial behaviors possibly associated with this neurodegenerative disease is pathological stealing. This case report is about a 50-year-old Italian man who had a regular life until 2010. In 2010 and 2011, some critical events occurred: he lost his job, his father-in-law, to whom he was particularly close, died, and his wife had a serious illness. He began to show symptoms of depression, a significant weight loss, apathy, poor self-care, and lack of interest in the activities of his family. He became disengaged from his prior activities, emotionally detached from his family and developed compulsive hoarding. Moreover, he had uninhibited behaviors, a memory retrieval deficit, executive dysfunctions and impulsive behaviors. In January 2012, the subject began stealing objects, particularly components of computer, without premeditation or concern for resulting legal actions. He was then diagnosed affected by bvFTD. He was charged with theft and attempted theft and the Court asked for a psychiatric evaluation, in order to analyze the effect of the neurodegenerative disease on his behavior. To answer to the Court, the Authors analyzed his history of life and made a mental examination. The subject was considered mentally insane at the time of his crimes. This is an example of the practical application in judicial cases of the latest knowledge and evidence in the literature about the frontotemporal dementia, a disease associated with antisocial behaviors that could create tensions with the criminal law. The focus of the paper is to explain how the behavioral symptoms of bvFTD can have legal implications and how to deal with legal aspects of the behaviors induced by a neuro-psychiatric condition, such as bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Maria Birkhoff
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy
| | - Cesare Garberi
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy
| | - Laura Re
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy.
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31
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Abstract
Although psychotic features have long been recognized in association with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), recent genetic discoveries enabling further subtyping of FTD have revealed that psychotic symptoms are frequent in some forms of FTD. Hallucinations and delusions can even precede onset of other cognitive or behavioural symptoms in patients with FTD. In this review, we explore the frequency and types of psychotic symptoms reported in patients with FTD, as well as in other neuropsychiatric disorders, to aid practitioners' consideration of these features in the diagnosis of FTD and related disorders.
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32
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Turró-Garriga O, Garre-Olmo J, Calvó-Perxas L, Reñé-Ramírez R, Gascón-Bayarri J, Conde-Sala JL. Course and Determinants of Anosognosia in Alzheimer’s Disease: A 12-Month Follow-up. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:357-66. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Turró-Garriga
- Health, Aging and Disability Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia-Spain
- Department of Neurology, Institut d’Assistència Sanitária-Institut Catalá de Salut de Girona, Salt, Catalonia-Spain
| | - Josep Garre-Olmo
- Health, Aging and Disability Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia-Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Catalonia-Spain
| | - Laia Calvó-Perxas
- Health, Aging and Disability Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia-Spain
| | - Ramón Reñé-Ramírez
- Dementia Unit, Department of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia-Spain
| | - Jordi Gascón-Bayarri
- Dementia Unit, Department of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia-Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Conde-Sala
- Health, Aging and Disability Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia-Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia-Spain
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33
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Baldock D, Miller JB, Leger GC, Banks SJ. Memory Test Performance on Analogous Verbal and Nonverbal Memory Tests in Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2016; 6:20-7. [PMID: 26933437 PMCID: PMC4772613 DOI: 10.1159/000442665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) typically have initial deficits in language or changes in personality, while the defining characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is memory impairment. Neuropsychological findings in the two diseases tend to differ, but can be confounded by verbal impairment in FTD impacting performance on memory tests in these patients. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with FTD and 102 patients with AD underwent a neuropsychological assessment before diagnosis. By utilizing analogous versions of a verbal and nonverbal memory test, we demonstrated differences in these two modalities between AD and FTD. DISCUSSION Better differentiation between AD and FTD is found in a nonverbal memory test, possibly because it eliminates the confounding variable of language deficits found in patients with FTD. These results highlight the importance of nonverbal learning tests with multiple learning trials in diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Baldock
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nev., USA
| | - Justin B Miller
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nev., USA
| | - Gabriel C Leger
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nev., USA
| | - Sarah Jane Banks
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nev., USA
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35
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Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous group of hereditary and sporadic neurodegenerative disorders affecting frontotemporal areas. FTD, a leading cause of young-onset dementia, is often initially mistaken for primary psychiatric disorders. Based on early and predominant symptoms, different clinical syndromes can be distinguished: the behavioral variant and 2 variants of progressive aphasia; semantic dementia and progressive nonfluent aphasia. Neuropathological classification is based on protein accumulation in the brain. Pathogenic mutations in different genes have been identified. Specific pharmacological treatment is the main research goal. Meanwhile the management must focus on early correct diagnosis, symptom alleviation, caregiver support and educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Landqvist Waldö
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Klinikgatan 22, Lund SE-221 85, Sweden.
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36
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) constitutes a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders associated with degeneration of, predominantly, the frontal and temporal lobes. The clinical heterogeneity is evident, and early diagnosis is a challenge. The primary objectives were to characterize psychotic symptoms, initial clinical diagnoses and family history in neuropathologically verified FTD-patients and to analyze possible correlations with different neuropathological findings. METHODS The medical records of 97 consecutive patients with a neuropathological diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) were reevaluated. Psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideas), initial diagnosis and family history for psychiatric disorders were analyzed. RESULTS Psychotic symptoms were present in 31 patients (32%). There were no significant differences in age at onset, disease duration or gender between patients with and without psychotic symptoms. Paranoid ideas were seen in 20.6%, and hallucinations and delusions in 17.5% in equal measure. Apart from a strong correlation between psychotic symptoms and predominantly right-sided brain degeneration, the majority of patients (77.4%) were tau-negative. Only 14.4% of the patients were initially diagnosed as FTD, while other types of dementia were seen in 34%, other psychiatric disorders in 42%, and 9.2% with other cognitive/neurological disorders. The patients who were initially diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder were significantly younger than the patients with other initial clinical diagnoses. A positive heredity for dementia or other psychiatric disorder was seen in 42% and 26% of the patients respectively. CONCLUSIONS Psychotic symptoms, not covered by current diagnostic criteria, are common and may lead to clinical misdiagnosis in FTD.
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37
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Deutsch MB, Mendez MF, Teng E. Interactions between traumatic brain injury and frontotemporal degeneration. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2015; 39:143-53. [PMID: 25531628 PMCID: PMC4427348 DOI: 10.1159/000369787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Prior work in smaller cohorts suggests that traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be a risk factor for frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). We sought to confirm and extend these results using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. METHODS We compared the TBI prevalence between FTD subjects and matched normal controls. Indices of cognitive, behavioral, functional, and global dementia severity were compared between FTD subjects with and without prior TBI. RESULTS Remote TBI with extended loss of consciousness (TBI-ext) was more common in individuals with FTD than in controls (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.004-2.778). With TBI-ext, less functional and global impairment was seen in the behavioral variant of FTD, but more behavioral pathology was seen in the semantic variant. CONCLUSION TBI may increase the FTD risk and influence clinical symptomatology and severity in FTD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel B. Deutsch
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mario F. Mendez
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edmond Teng
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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38
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Barsuglia JP, Kaiser NC, Wilkins SS, Karve SJ, Barrows RJ, Paholpak P, Panchal HV, Jimenez EE, Mather MJ, Mendez MF. A scale of socioemotional dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014; 29:793-805. [PMID: 25331776 PMCID: PMC4296158 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early social dysfunction is a hallmark symptom of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD); however, validated measures for assessing social deficits in dementia are needed. The purpose of the current study was to examine the utility of a novel informant-based measure of social impairment, the Socioemotional Dysfunction Scale (SDS) in early-onset dementia. Sixteen bvFTD and 18 early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) participants received standard clinical neuropsychological measures and neuroimaging. Caregiver informants were administered the SDS. Individuals with bvFTD exhibited greater social dysfunction on the SDS compared with the EOAD group; t(32) = 6.32, p < .001. The scale demonstrated preliminary evidence for discriminating these frequently misdiagnosed groups (area under the curve = 0.920, p = <.001) and internal consistency α = 0.977. The SDS demonstrated initial evidence as an effective measure for detecting abnormal social behavior and discriminating bvFTD from EOAD. Future validation is recommended in larger and more diverse patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Barsuglia
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalie C Kaiser
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stacy Schantz Wilkins
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simantini J Karve
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robin J Barrows
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pongsatorn Paholpak
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Elvira E Jimenez
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle J Mather
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario F Mendez
- V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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39
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Ford AH. Neuropsychiatric aspects of dementia. Maturitas 2014; 79:209-15. [PMID: 24794580 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dementia affects approximately 6.5% of people over the age of 65. Whilst cognitive impairment is central to the dementia concept, neuropsychiatric symptoms are invariably present at some stage of the illness. Neuropsychiatric symptoms result in a number of negative outcomes for the individual and their caregivers and are associated with higher rates of institutionalization and mortality. A number of factors have been associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms including neurobiological changes, dementia type, and illness severity and duration. Specific patient, caregiver and environmental factors are also important. Neuropsychiatric symptoms can be broadly divided into four clusters: psychotic symptoms, mood/affective symptoms, apathy, and agitation/aggression. Neuropsychiatric symptoms tend to persist over time although differing symptom profiles exist at various stages of the illness. Assessment should take into account the presenting symptoms together with an appreciation of the myriad of likely underlying causes for the symptoms. A structured assessment/rating tool can be helpful. Management should focus on non-pharmacological measures initially with pharmacological approaches reserved for more troubling symptoms. Pharmacological approaches should target specific symptoms although the evidence-base for pharmacological management is quite modest. Any medication trial should include an adequate appreciation of the risk-benefit profile in individual patients and discussion of these with both the individual and their caregiver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Ford
- Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing (M573), Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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