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Becker AS, Holm M, Liese J, Engel N, Zimpfer AH. Diagnosis of differentiated dysplasia as a variant of oral epithelial dysplasia. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38191851 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The World Health Organization's definition of oral epithelial dysplasia includes differentiated dysplasia, which is defined by purely architectural abnormalities of oral mucosa without cytological changes. We analysed differentiated dysplasia's frequency, progression risk and correlation with oral brush cytology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytoarchitectural criteria and expression patterns of keratin 13/17 and ki67 were studied in oral biopsies clinically diagnosed with leukoplakia. Biopsies were assessed for dysplasia and its grade. Available brush cytology findings were obtained from clinical records. RESULTS We included 159 biopsies from 112 patients (33% differentiated dysplasia; 27% keratosis without dysplasia; oral epithelial dysplasia with atypia of mild, moderate and severe degree including invasive cancers in 9%, 8% and 7%, respectively). Keratin 13 loss and keratin 17 gain were higher in differentiated-dysplasia cases (p < 0.0001), which had the highest hypergranulosis frequency. Keratin 17 expression was associated with higher malignant-transformation rates (p = 0.0028). The transformation rate and time were comparable between dysplasia with atypia and differentiated-dysplasia cases, which had higher progression rates and shorter time periods than keratosis cases without dysplasia (p = 0.08). Cytology prior to differentiated dysplasia all indicated normal oral mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Keratin 17 but not oral brush cytology can help identify patients with differentiated dysplasia with higher risk for malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximiliane Holm
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Liese
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nadja Engel
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Wang H, Shi M, Wan J, Yu H. The increased expression of cytokeratin 13 leads to an increase in radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE-3 cells by upregulating ERRFI1. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:688-698. [PMID: 37070291 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The main factors contributing to the unfavorable outcome in the clinical treatment of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients are radiation resistance and recurrence. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity and molecular foundation of cytokeratin 13 (CK13) in the radiotherapy of NPC. To achieve this, a human NPC cell line overexpressing CK13, HNE-3-CK13, was constructed. The effects of CK13 overexpression on cell viability and apoptosis under radiotherapy conditions were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, immunofluorescence, and western blotting (WB). Next-generation sequencing was performed to identify the downstream genes and signaling pathways of CK13 that mediate radiotherapy response. The potential role of the candidate gene ERRFI1 in CK13-induced enhancement of radiosensitivity was investigated through rescue experiments using clone formation and WB. The effects of ERRFI1 on cell viability, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, and the related key genes were further evaluated using CCK-8, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and WB. The results showed that CK13 overexpression in HNE-3 significantly inhibited cell survival under radiotherapy and promoted apoptosis marker γH2AX expression, leading to a significant increase of ERRFI1. Knockdown of ERRFI1 rescued the decreased cell viability and proliferation and the increased cell apoptosis that were caused by CK13 overexpression-mediated radiotherapy sensitization of NPC cells. In this process, EGFR, AKT, and GSK-3β were found involved. In the end, ERRFI1 was proven to inhibit expression levels of CDK1, CDK2, cyclin B1, and cyclin D1, resulting an increased G2/M cell ratio. Overexpression of CK13 enhances the radiosensitivity of NPC cells, which is characterized by decreased cell viability and proliferation and increased apoptosis. This regulation may affect the survival of HNE-3 cells by increasing the expression of ERRFI1 and activating the EGFR/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway, providing new potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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Torabinia N, Razavi SM, Sarrafpour B, Ziaei-Rad E. The comparative evaluation of CK17 expression in histologic and cytological sections of oral squamous-cell carcinoma using immunohistochemistry. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:251-255. [PMID: 36594566 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Squamous-cell carcinoma of the mouth accounts for 90% of all oral cancers and despite advances in treatment methods, its 5-year survival rate is reported to be about 68%. This is due to the late diagnosis of the disease and its resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments. One of the methods for diagnosing oral lesions is exfoliative cytology, which is a noninvasive method and can be easily carried out in a dental office. AIM The purpose of this study is to find a method that in addition to being fast, accurate and less aggressive has high value and a good degree of accuracy for diagnosis of oral squamous-cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this descriptive-analytical study, 14 patients who were diagnosed with oral squamous-cell carcinoma and 14 specimens from exfoliative cytology of the same tissue before surgery were examined. Immunohistochemically stained specimens were examined by two pathologists simultaneously. Next, five nonoverlapping sections with magnification (×400) and the number of cells stained with the cytokeratin marker 17 are counted and the average percentage of each slide is determined. One-sample t-test is used to analyze the data and significance level in tests is considered 0.05. RESULTS In examining the diagnostic value of cytology, we concluded that out of 280 affected cells, 211 cells were stained. Therefore, the sensitivity of cytology in the diagnosis of squamous-cell carcinoma of the mouth is 75.4%. In other words, cytology correctly identifies 75.4% of affected cells as affected. Also, the positive predictive value of cytology was 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakisa Torabinia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Razavi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Sarrafpour
- Education Innovation Research Theme, The School of Medical Sciences, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elnaz Ziaei-Rad
- Dental Students' Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Shi M, Wan J, Wang H, Yu H. Cytokeratin 13 promotes radiotherapy sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by downregulating the MEK/ERK pathway. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:543-553. [PMID: 35426961 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is the first treatment choice for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), while radiation resistance and recurrence have become the primary factors and are associated with poor prognosis in the clinical treatment of NPC patients. The purpose of the present study was to explore the sensitivity and molecular basis of cytokeratin 13 (CK13) that regulates NPC radiotherapy. METHODS HNE-3 or C666-1 cell line was used for overexpression and knockdown tests. Under radiotherapy conditions, CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, and flow cytometry analyzed the effects of CK13 overexpression on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle, respectively. In addition, Western blotting detected CK13-mediated downregulation of cell cycle-related genes. The mouse subcutaneous tumor-bearing experiment identified the effects of CK13 overexpression on the treatment of NPC in vivo. Further, Western blotting, CCK-8 assay, and flow cytometry investigated whether the CK13-mediated cell apoptosis involves the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. RESULTS Overexpression of CK13 significantly inhibited the survival of HNE-3 cells under radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo, and there was a substantial decrease in cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) levels promoting the cell percentage number in the G2/M phase and, subsequently, the ratio of the apoptotic cells. In contrast, the knockdown of CK13 showed the opposite partial regulatory effect. Interestingly, CK13 overexpression also showed a reduction in the survival of C666-1 cells and an increased ratio of the apoptotic cells under radiotherapy treatment. Furthermore, higher levels of CK13 downregulated the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, resulting in decreased HNE-3 cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. However, ERK activators were able to rescue the process partially. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results showed that CK13 promoted the radiosensitivity of NPC cells by downregulating the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Thus, targeting CK13 provided insights into the treatment of NPC radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Jia Wan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Hospital, Kunming, China
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Dasgupta S, Ewing-Graham PC, van Kemenade FJ, van Doorn HC, Noordhoek Hegt V, Koljenović S. Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN): the most helpful histological features and the utility of cytokeratins 13 and 17. Virchows Arch 2018; 473:739-747. [PMID: 30187167 PMCID: PMC6267258 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) is the precursor lesion of HPV-negative vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). The histopathological diagnosis of dVIN can be challenging, as it often resembles vulvar non-neoplastic epithelial disorders (NNED), especially lichen sclerosus (LS). We aimed to establish the most specific and reproducible histological features of dVIN and assessed cytokeratin 13 (CK13) and cytokeratin 17 (CK17) immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic aid. Consecutive cases of dVIN (n = 180) and LS (n = 105) from the period 2010 to 2013 were reviewed using a checklist of histological features. Each feature was recorded as ‘present’ or ‘absent’ and statistical comparison (dVIN vs LS) was made. Interobserver agreement between two pairs of pathologists was assessed for a subset of cases of dVIN (n = 31) and LS and other NNED (n = 23). Immunohistochemistry with CK13, CK17, MIB1 and p53 was performed on dVIN, LS, and other NNED cases. Macronucleoli, features of disturbed maturation and angulated nuclei were significantly more common in dVIN than LS (p < 0.001). We found ‘substantial agreement’ for the diagnosis of dVIN (κ = 0.71). Macronucleoli and deep keratinisation had the highest agreement. In dVIN, the mean percentage of cells staining with CK13 was 15 and with CK17, this was 74. For LS, the mean percentage of cells staining with CK13 was 31, and with CK17, this was 41. By plotting receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.52 was obtained for CK13, and an AUC of 0.87 was obtained for CK17. The most helpful histological features for diagnosing dVIN were macronucleoli, features of disturbed maturation, and angulated nuclei. Increased CK17 expression may have promise for supporting dVIN diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatavisha Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia C Ewing-Graham
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Folkert J van Kemenade
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helena C van Doorn
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Noordhoek Hegt
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Senada Koljenović
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Vidotto A, Polachini GM, de Paula-Silva M, Oliani SM, Henrique T, López RVM, Cury PM, Nunes FD, Góis-Filho JF, de Carvalho MB, Leopoldino AM, Tajara EH. Differentially expressed proteins in positive versus negative HNSCC lymph nodes. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:73. [PMID: 30157864 PMCID: PMC6114741 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and critical for delineating their treatment. However, clinical and histological criteria for the diagnosis of nodal status remain limited. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the proteomic profile of lymph node metastasis from HNSCC patients. Methods In the present study, we used one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis to characterize the proteomic profile of lymph node metastasis from HNSCC. Results Comparison of metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes showed 52 differentially expressed proteins associated with neoplastic development and progression. The results reinforced the idea that tumors from different anatomical subsites have dissimilar behaviors, which may be influenced by micro-environmental factor including the lymphatic network. The expression pattern of heat shock proteins and glycolytic enzymes also suggested an effect of the lymph node environment in controlling tumor growth or in metabolic reprogramming of the metastatic cell. Our study, for the first time, provided direct evidence of annexin A1 overexpression in lymph node metastasis of head and neck cancer, adding information that may be useful for diagnosing aggressive disease. Conclusions In brief, this study contributed to our understanding of the metastatic phenotype of HNSCC and provided potential targets for diagnostic in this group of carcinomas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-018-0382-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vidotto
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMERP), Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Giovana M Polachini
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMERP), Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Marina de Paula-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Sonia M Oliani
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMERP), Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Rossana V M López
- Instituto do Câncer de São Paulo Octavio Frias de Oliveira - ICESP, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M Cury
- Faculdade Ceres (Faceres), Av. Anísio Haddad, 6751, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-305, Brazil
| | - Fabio D Nunes
- Departamento de Estomatologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - José F Góis-Filho
- Instituto do Câncer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, R. Dr Cesário Mota Jr, 112, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01221-020, Brazil
| | - Marcos B de Carvalho
- Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital Heliópolis, R. Cônego Xavier, 276, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04231-030, Brazil
| | - Andréia M Leopoldino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Eloiza H Tajara
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMERP), Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil. .,Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, R. do Matão, 321, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil.
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Noda Y, Kondo Y, Sakai M, Sato S, Kishino M. Galectin-1 is a useful marker for detecting neoplastic squamous cells in oral cytology smears. Hum Pathol 2016; 52:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Gonzalez Segura I, Secchi D, Carrica A, Barello R, Arbelo D, Burgos A, Brunotto M, Zarate AM. Exfoliative cytology as a tool for monitoring pre-malignant and malignant lesions based on combined stains and morphometry techniques. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:178-84. [PMID: 25065639 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention and early diagnosis have the greatest potential for public health and are the most effective method in the long-term to control oral cancer. The aim was to apply PAP staining together with AgNOR staining and morphometric analysis in oral exfoliative cytology, to determine the sensitivity and specificity of these methods in the detection of malignant changes for the purposes of both initial population monitoring and follow-up. METHODS AgNOR, Papanicolau, and morphometric tests were conducted in samples of patients with oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and controls (opposite side of lesions). Specificity and sensitivity values for each stain method and the curve under ROC area were estimated. RESULTS The diagnostic variables which allowed greatest accuracy in identifying malignancy relative to the healthy control were cluster (76.92%), satellite (75.64%), and total (90%). The diagnosis was seen to be associated with PAP and total AgNOR, total AgNOR and PAP, total AgNOR and satellites and clusters, and total AgNOR nuclear area/cytoplasmic area ratio. CONCLUSIONS The total number of AgNOR is a reliable marker for detecting neoplastic cells; this method increases sensitivity and specificity by decreasing the likelihood of false negatives or positives, as the accuracy obtained was 90%. It is also a low-cost, non-invasive, simple methodology that can be recommended to help the early detection of oral cancer and monitoring of patients with a first diagnosis of cancer.
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