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Tang Y, Novin S, Lin X, Becht A, Thomaes S. Parental psychological control and children's self-esteem: A longitudinal investigation in children with and without oppositional defiant problems. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:50. [PMID: 38685070 PMCID: PMC11059723 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Oppositional defiant problems are among the most prevalent psychological problems among children and adolescents from China and across the world. Still little is understood about how self-esteem, in conjunction with parenting experiences, develops in children with oppositional defiant problems. We addressed this gap of knowledge in a two-year longitudinal study. Specifically, we explored how parental psychological control predicts children's self-esteem levels over time, and in turn, how children's self-esteem levels predict parental psychological control. We collected data in Chinese children (ages 8 to 13 at T1) with (N = 224) and without (N = 217) oppositional defiant problems, and tested three-wave cross-lagged panel models. Multigroup analyses showed that the associations between parental psychological control and children's self-esteem were the same for children with and without oppositional defiant problems. Results for the total sample revealed bi-directional associations between maternal psychological control and children's self-esteem. Children who perceived more psychological control from their mothers were likely to exhibit lower self-esteem over time, and vice versa, children with lower self-esteem were likely to perceive more maternal psychological control over time. Conversely, a unidirectional paternal effect was observed in father-child dyads. Our findings help understand the parent-child dynamics that shape the psychological development of children with oppositional defiant problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Tang
- Department of Development Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sheida Novin
- Department of Development Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Andrik Becht
- Department of Education and Pedagogy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Thomaes
- Department of Development Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Yoo JH, Kang C, Lim JS, Wang B, Choi CH, Hwang H, Han DH, Kim H, Cheon H, Kim JW. Development of an innovative approach using portable eye tracking to assist ADHD screening: a machine learning study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1337595. [PMID: 38426003 PMCID: PMC10902460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1337595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects a significant proportion of the pediatric population, making early detection crucial for effective intervention. Eye movements are controlled by brain regions associated with neuropsychological functions, such as selective attention, response inhibition, and working memory, and their deficits are related to the core characteristics of ADHD. Herein, we aimed to develop a screening model for ADHD using machine learning (ML) and eye-tracking features from tasks that reflect neuropsychological deficits in ADHD. Methods Fifty-six children (mean age 8.38 ± 1.58, 45 males) diagnosed with ADHD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition were recruited along with seventy-nine typically developing children (TDC) (mean age 8.80 ± 1.82, 33 males). Eye-tracking data were collected using a digital device during the performance of five behavioral tasks measuring selective attention, working memory, and response inhibition (pro-saccade task, anti-saccade task, memory-guided saccade task, change detection task, and Stroop task). ML was employed to select relevant eye-tracking features for ADHD, and to subsequently construct an optimal model classifying ADHD from TDC. Results We identified 33 eye-tracking features in the five tasks with the potential to distinguish children with ADHD from TDC. Participants with ADHD showed increased saccade latency and degree, and shorter fixation time in eye-tracking tasks. A soft voting model integrating extra tree and random forest classifiers demonstrated high accuracy (76.3%) at identifying ADHD using eye-tracking features alone. A comparison of the model using only eye-tracking features with models using the Advanced Test of Attention or Stroop test showed no significant difference in the area under the curve (AUC) (p = 0.419 and p=0.235, respectively). Combining demographic, behavioral, and clinical data with eye-tracking features improved accuracy, but did not significantly alter the AUC (p=0.208). Discussion Our study suggests that eye-tracking features hold promise as ADHD screening tools, even when obtained using a simple digital device. The current findings emphasize that eye-tracking features could be reliable indicators of impaired neurobiological functioning in individuals with ADHD. To enhance utility as a screening tool, future research should be conducted with a larger sample of participants with a more balanced gender ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangSu Kang
- Department of Computer Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Shik Lim
- Department of Computer Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government - Seoul National University (SMG-SNU) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunchan Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jae-Won Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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von Wirth E, Breuer D, Schröder S, Döpfner M. Parent-Child Inpatient Treatment in Child and Adolescent Mental Healthcare: Predictors of Child Outcomes. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01594-x. [PMID: 37610644 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Family inpatient units in child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) services engage all admitted family members in the treatment of children's symptoms. Studies demonstrated improvements in child and family functioning following family inpatient treatment, but evidence regarding predictors of treatment outcome is lacking. We analyzed data of families (n = 66) who received a four-week inpatient treatment for families with severe parent-child interaction problems. Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that parents who recalled harsher parenting practices of their own fathers reported greater improvements in their children's externalizing and internalizing problems. Greater improvements in externalizing problems were further predicted by lower parental educational level, less adverse impacts of stressful life events, and less internalizing child problems prior to admission. We therefore conclude that family inpatient treatment was particularly effective for children in families with lower parental education and a history of harsh parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena von Wirth
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, Cologne, 50969, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents, University of Trier, Trier, Germany.
| | - Dieter Breuer
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, Cologne, 50969, Germany
| | - Sabine Schröder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, Cologne, 50969, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Panda PK, Ramachandran A, Kumar V, Sharawat IK. Sensory processing abilities and their impact on disease severity in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2023; 14:509-515. [PMID: 37692805 PMCID: PMC10483208 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_22_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although several studies have shown sensory processing abnormalities in pediatric subjects with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is significant heterogeneity among their results. Materials and Methods This study was performed to compare the sensory processing abilities of children and adolescents with and without ADHD aged 6-15 years and to correlate the sensory processing problems in these patients, with the symptom profile and severity of ADHD. While child sensory profile-2 (SP-2) was used to assess, the sensory processing abilities of ADHD patients, revised Connor's parent rating scale revised, Malin's intelligence scale for Indian children, grade level assessment device, and child behavior checklist were used to assess ADHD symptom severity, intelligence, learning, and behavioral problems, respectively. Results A total of 66 ADHD patients enrolled (60 boys), 22 (28%), 7 (9%), and 49 (63%) cases were the ADHD-hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI), ADHD-inattentive, and ADHD-combined (ADHD-C) types, respectively, and 33 typically developing controls. The ADHD patients had a significantly low raw score on most of the factors, sections, and response patterns of SP-2 (P < 0.05), but only four and one ADHD patients had auditory and visual processing scores outside the normal clinical range. There was a trend toward higher scores in the children with ADHD-C and ADHD-HI subtypes. There was a moderate negative correlation between hyperactivity/impulsivity T-score and auditory processing scores in the SP (P < 0.05, r = -0.43). We observed a negative correlation, although weak, between visual processing scores and hyperactivity/impulsivity and a positive correlation between the severity of conduct disorder-related problems, oppositional defiant problems, anxiety problems, and auditory as well as tactile processing scores (P < 0.05). In the quadrant score summary, the scores for all four types, that is, sensory sensitivity, low registration, sensation avoiding, and sensation seeking, were significantly more in the ADHD group, as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion Sensory processing abilities in ADHD children differ from that of typically developing children when objectively assessed, although most of the ADHD children had scores in the clinically normal range. The sensory processing profile also has an impact on the severity and comorbidity profile of ADHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Kumar Panda
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aparna Ramachandran
- Department of Neurology, IQRAA International Hospital and Research Centre, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Indar Kumar Sharawat
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Panda PK, Ramachandran A, Tomar A, Elwadhi A, Kumar V, Sharawat IK. Prevalence, nature, and severity of the psychiatric comorbidities and their impact on quality of life in adolescents with Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 142:109216. [PMID: 37088064 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adults with Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) are at increased risk for psychiatric comorbidities, personality traits, and abnormality in executive function. But studies on adolescents and their impact on quality of life are scarce in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed between August 2019 and October 2022 to compare the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in adolescents with JME and age and gender-matched healthy controls. After completing DSM-5 Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-5) initially in all patients, we measured the severity of individual psychiatric problems like anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms by using an appropriate psychometric scale. We also measured both groups' intelligence quotient (IQ), executive function, and quality of life. RESULTS One hundred patients with JME (14.3 ± 2.5 years, 48 boys) and 100 controls were enrolled. Psychiatric disorders were observed in 46% of JME and 6% of controls (p < 0.01). Psychiatric comorbidities noted in the patients with JME were: somatic symptom and related disorders(n = 14), anxiety (n = 13), adjustment disorders (n = 12), depression (n = 11), oppositional defiant disorder (n = 6), conduct disorder (n = 5), anorexia nervosa (n = 3), narcissistic (n = 3), histrionic (n = 1), substance-related disorder (n = 1), borderline (n = 2) and antisocial personality disorder (n = 2). The prevalence of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, adjustment disorders, somatic symptoms, related disorders, and any personality disorder was significantly more in the JME group (p < 0.01 for all). Female gender, higher Epilepsy Stigma Scale score, and lower Epilepsy Outcome Expectancy Scale were significantly associated with depressive disorders (p = 0.04, 0.03, 0.03 respectively). Similarly, for anxiety, only female gender and lower Epilepsy Outcome Expectancy Scale were significant associated factors (p = 0.03, 0.02 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric disorders like anxiety, depression, and personality disorders are more frequent in adolescents with JME than in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Kumar Panda
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249203, India
| | - Aparna Ramachandran
- Department of Neurology, IQRAA International Hospital and Research Centre, Kozhikode, Kerala 673009, India
| | - Apurva Tomar
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249203, India
| | - Aman Elwadhi
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249203, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249203, India
| | - Indar Kumar Sharawat
- Pediatric Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249203, India.
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He T, Zhang W, Tang Y, Hinshaw SP, Wu Q, Lin X. Unidirectional or Bidirectional? Relation between Parental Responsiveness and Emotion Regulation in Children with and without Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023:10.1007/s10802-023-01051-2. [PMID: 37058195 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Parenting is crucial for emotion regulation in children. Much less is known, however, concerning the association between parenting and emotion regulation in children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), who are known to have poor emotion regulation. The current study aimed to examine how parental responsiveness and child emotion regulation related either unidirectionally or bidirectionally to one another over time and to investigate whether the associations were different in ODD and non-ODD groups. Data were collected each year for three consecutive years from a sample of 256 parents of children with ODD and 265 parents of children without ODD in China. The results from the random intercepts cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) suggested that the directionality of the link between parental responsiveness and child emotion regulation differs according to ODD status. The non-ODD group demonstrated a unidirectional link between early emotion regulation and subsequent parental responsiveness, consistent with the "child effect". However, in the ODD group, the link between parental responsiveness and emotion regulation was transactional, in line with social coercion theory. Multiple-group comparisons found that increased parental responsiveness was more strongly associated with improved child emotion regulation in the ODD group only. The research established a dynamic and longitudinal relationship between parental responsiveness and emotion regulation and suggested that intensive interventions should aim to improve parental responsiveness to children with ODD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen P Hinshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qinglu Wu
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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von Wirth E, Breuer D, Mandler J, Schürmann S, Döpfner M. Prediction of Educational Attainment and Occupational Functioning in Young Adults With a Childhood Diagnosis of ADHD: Results from the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) Study. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1018-1032. [PMID: 34697953 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211045740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study examined early predictors of educational attainment and occupational functioning in adults with a childhood diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD Participants (n = 70) of the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) Study were diagnosed with ADHD and received adaptive multimodal ADHD treatment during childhood. They were then followed through adolescence into adulthood. RESULTS Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that poor reading skill and externalizing behaviors in childhood were early predictors of educational and occupational difficulties in adulthood. The use of stimulant medication in childhood predicted lower high school achievement, probably because medication use was confounded by indication. The regression models improved when intelligence scores and/or externalizing behaviors, especially delinquency, assessed in adolescence were considered as additional predictors. CONCLUSION Children with ADHD, who continue to show reading difficulties and externalizing behavior problems after initial treatment, are at risk for educational and occupational difficulties and may need additional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena von Wirth
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, School for Child and Asolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Cologne, Germany
| | - Dieter Breuer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, School for Child and Asolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Cologne, Germany
| | - Janet Mandler
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, School for Child and Asolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schürmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, School for Child and Asolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Cologne, Germany
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, School for Child and Asolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Cologne, Germany
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Breuer D, von Wirth E, Mandler J, Schürmann S, Döpfner M. Predicting delinquent behavior in young adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD: results from the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) Study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:553-564. [PMID: 33277675 PMCID: PMC9035006 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate which factors predict lifetime reports of delinquent behavior in young adults who had received adaptive multimodal treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) starting at ages 6-10 years. Participants were reassessed 13-24 years (M = 17.6, SD = 1.8) after they had received individualized ADHD treatment in the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment Study (CAMT). Their behavior was classified as non-delinquent (n = 34) or delinquent (n = 25) based on self-reports regarding the number of police contacts, offenses, and convictions at follow-up. Childhood variables assessed at post-intervention (e.g., externalizing child behavior problems, intelligence, and parenting behavior) that were significantly associated with group membership were entered as possible predictors of delinquency in a Chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) analysis. Delinquent behavior during adolescence and adulthood was best predicted by (a) meeting the symptom count diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder (CD) according to parent ratings, in combination with a nonverbal intelligence of IQ ≤ 106 at post-intervention, and (b) delinquent behavior problems (teacher rating) at post-intervention. The predictor variables specified in the CHAID analysis classified 81% of the participants correctly. The results support the hypothesis that a childhood diagnosis of ADHD is only predictive of delinquent behavior if it is accompanied by early conduct behavior problems. Low nonverbal intelligence was found to be an additional risk factor. These findings underline the importance of providing behavioral interventions that focus on externalizing behavior problems to children with ADHD and comorbid conduct problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Breuer
- School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969 Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena von Wirth
- School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janet Mandler
- School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schürmann
- School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969 Cologne, Germany ,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- School for Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Pohligstr. 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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Hanisch C, Eichelberger I, Richard S, Doepfner M. Effects of a modular teacher coaching program on child attention problems and disruptive behavior and on teachers’ self-efficacy and stress. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034320958743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorder are associated with a multitude of psychosocial developmental risks, e.g. academic underachievement. Various cognitive behavioral interventions have proven to be effective in reducing problem behavior in school settings. Drawing on this previous work and on our parent-focused preventive and therapeutic programs, we developed the school-based coaching for elementary school teachers of children with attention deficits or disruptive behavior problems (SCEP). Based on functional behavior assessment, SCEP addresses teachers of children with severe externalizing behavior problems in an individualized modular manner. It consists of a one-day training course and fortnightly one-to-one or team-coaching sessions. We analyzed the effects of SCEP in a within-subject control group design ( N = 60), with student attention problems and rule-breaking behavior during class as the primary outcome measure. SCEP was found to reduce problem behavior during lessons, with small to medium effect sizes ( d = 0.42–0.6). After the intervention, teachers reported changes in their use of praise and felt more confident managing the class ( d = 0.58). The results of SCEP are discussed in light of multi-tiered preventive approaches that suggest extensive individualized interventions based on functional behavior analysis for children with severe problem behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manfred Doepfner
- University of Cologne, Germany; University Hospital of the University of Cologne, Germany
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Del Giudice T, Tervoort J, Hautmann C, Walter D, Döpfner M. Cross-Cultural Validity of the Child and Adolescent Dispositions Model in a Clinical Sample of Children With Externalizing Behavior Problems. Front Psychol 2020; 11:641. [PMID: 32322227 PMCID: PMC7156638 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Child and Adolescent Dispositions Scale—parent rating (CADS-P) explores three emotional dispositions that may enlarge the probability of future externalizing problem behavior. The English version has proven its psychometric quality within a population-based sample of children and adolescents. The presents study investigates the German version of the CADS-P by examining a clinically referred sample of children with externalizing behavior problems. Methods:The sample included 132 children aged 4–11 years with a diagnosis of attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). The factor structure of the CADS-P was evaluated using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Reliability was estimated using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Validity was assessed through linear regression analyses, with symptoms of externalizing [conduct disorder (CD), ODD, ADHD] and internalizing behavior problems (anxiety, depression) as criterion variables and the three CADS-P factor scores as predictors. Results:After eliminating eight items due to insufficient psychometric properties, EFA and CFA supported a three-factor solution for the German CADS-P. Cronbach's alpha coefficient exceeded α = 0.70 for all subscales. Mostly, as predicted, the CADS-P dimensions were associated with symptoms of ODD/CD and ADHD and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Conclusions:The present study provides evidence for the cross-cultural validity of the CADS- P in a non-English-Speaking country. Results show that the German version of the CADS-P is a reliable and valid parent questionnaire for assessing prosociality, negative emotionality and daring as emotional dispositions that may enlarge the probability to develop externalizing problem behavior. Trial Registration: The study was approved by the review board of the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne (ID 09-123) and was pre-registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT01350986).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Del Giudice
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Teresa Del Giudice
| | - Janina Tervoort
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher Hautmann
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Walter
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Li L, Lin X, Hinshaw SP, Du H, Qin S, Fang X. Longitudinal Associations between Oppositional Defiant Symptoms and Interpersonal Relationships among Chinese Children. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 46:1267-1281. [PMID: 29181741 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are at increased risk for developing poor relationships with people around them, but the longitudinal links between ODD symptoms and subsequent interpersonal functioning remain unclear. In the current study, we examined the bidirectional associations between ODD symptoms and children's relationships with parents, peers, and teachers. We included separate analyses for parent vs. teacher reports of ODD symptoms, with regard to subsequent interpersonal relationships. Participants included 256 children with ODD, recruited in China, along with their parents and teachers, assessed at three time points roughly two years apart. Parents and teachers reported child ODD symptoms at each time point, and children reported their perceptions of father- and mother-child attachment, peer relationships, and teacher-student relationships across the three time points. ODD symptoms reported either by parents or teachers predicted impairments in interpersonal functioning. Meanwhile, child interpersonal impairments with peers and teachers predicted subsequent increase in teacher-reported ODD symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of transactional models of influence-and of considering early intervention for ODD in protecting children from developing further deficits and impairments. Additionally, we discuss the perspectives of multiple informants on ODD symptoms, including their different patterns of association with subsequent interpersonal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfeng Li
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Stephen P Hinshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hongfei Du
- Department of Psychology, University of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fang
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal Univeristy, Hangzhou, 311121, China
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12
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Katzmann J, Döpfner M, Görtz-Dorten A. Child-based treatment of oppositional defiant disorder: mediating effects on parental depression, anxiety and stress. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:1181-1192. [PMID: 29948233 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that child-oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorders (CD) are associated with parental symptoms of depression, anxiety and/or stress, probably in a bidirectional relationship with mutual influences. It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that in child-centered treatment, a decrease in child-oppositional behavior problems constitutes (at least in part) a mechanism of change for a subsequent reduction in parental psychopathology. The aim of the present study (Clinical trials.gov Identifier: NCT01406067) was to examine whether the reduction in ODD symptoms due to child-based cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) led to a reduction in parental depression, anxiety and stress. Eighty-one boys (age 6-12 years) with a diagnosis of ODD/CD were randomized either to a cognitive behavioral intervention group or an educational play group (acting as control group). Mediation analyses were conducted using path analysis. The stronger reduction in child ODD symptoms in the CBT group compared to the control group led to a decrease in parental depression and stress, as indicated by significant indirect effects (ab = 0.07 and ab = 0.08, p < 0.05). The proposed model for mechanisms of change was, therefore, confirmed for two of the three outcome parameters. Parental psychopathology and stress can be modified by child-centered CBT. The preceding reduction in ODD symptoms acts as a mediator for at least some of the changes in parental depression and stress. However, due to some limitations of the study, other possible explanations for the results found cannot be completely ruled out and are, therefore, discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josepha Katzmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy, University Hospital Cologne, Pohligstraße 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy, University Hospital Cologne, Pohligstraße 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy of the Christoph-Dornier-Foundation for Clinical Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Görtz-Dorten
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy, University Hospital Cologne, Pohligstraße 9, 50969, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy of the Christoph-Dornier-Foundation for Clinical Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Katzmann J, Goertz-Dorten A, Hautmann C, Doepfner M. Social skills training and play group intervention for children with oppositional-defiant disorders/conduct disorder: Mediating mechanisms in a head-to-head comparison. Psychother Res 2018; 29:784-798. [PMID: 29347904 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2018.1425559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Social-cognitive information processing, social skills, and social interactions are problem-maintaining variables for aggressive behavior in children. We hypothesized that these factors may be possible mediators of the mechanism of change in the child-centered treatment of conduct disorders (CDs). The aim of the present study (Clinical trials.gov Identifier: NCT01406067) was to examine putative mechanisms of change for the decrease in oppositional-defiant behavior resulting from child-centered treatment of patients with oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) or CD. Method: 91 children (age 6-12 years) with ODD/CD were randomized to receive either social skills training or to a resource activating play group. Mediator analyses were conducted using path analyses. Results: The assumed mediating effects were not significant. However, alternative models with the putative mediators and outcome in reversed positions showed significant indirect effects of the oppositional-defiant symptoms as mediator for the decrease of disturbance of social-information processing, social skills, and social interactions. Conclusions: The proposed model for mechanisms of change could not be confirmed, with the results pointing to a reversed causality. Variables other than those hypothesized must be responsible for mediating the effects of the intervention on child oppositional-defiant behavior. Possible mechanisms of change were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josepha Katzmann
- a School of Child and Adolescent Behavior Therapy , the University Hospital Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Anja Goertz-Dorten
- a School of Child and Adolescent Behavior Therapy , the University Hospital Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,b Institute of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy of the Christoph-Dornier-Foundation for Clinical Psychology , the University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Christopher Hautmann
- a School of Child and Adolescent Behavior Therapy , the University Hospital Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Manfred Doepfner
- a School of Child and Adolescent Behavior Therapy , the University Hospital Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,c Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne , Germany
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Kim JW, Kim SY, Choi JW, Kim KM, Nam SH, Min KJ, Lee YS, Choi TY. Differences in Resting-state Quantitative Electroencephalography Patterns in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder with or without Comorbid Symptoms. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 15:138-145. [PMID: 28449561 PMCID: PMC5426496 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of comorbid psychiatric symptoms on quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) activities in boys with the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods All participants were male students in the second, third or fourth grade in elementary school. Therefore, there were no significant differences in age or sex. Participants with ADHD were assigned to one of three groups: pure ADHD (n=22), ADHD with depressive symptoms (n=11), or ADHD with problematic internet use (n=19). The Korean version of the Children’s Depression Inventory and the Korean Internet Addiction Self-scale were used to assess depressive symptoms and problematic internet use, respectively. Resting-state EEG during eyes closed was recorded, and the absolute power of five frequency bands was analyzed: delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (12–30 Hz), and gamma (30–50 Hz). Results The ADHD with problematic internet use group showed decreased absolute theta power at the central and posterior region compared with the pure ADHD group. However, The ADHD with depressive symptoms group showed no significant differences compared with the other groups. Conclusion These findings will contribute to a better understanding of brain-based electrophysiological changes in children with ADHD in accordance with comorbid psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Choi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sojeong Hannah Nam
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Joon Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sik Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Young Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Ise E, Schröder S, Breuer D, Döpfner M. Parent-child inpatient treatment for children with behavioural and emotional disorders: a multilevel analysis of within-subjects effects. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:288. [PMID: 26573683 PMCID: PMC4647488 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of parental involvement in child treatment is well-established. Several child psychiatric clinics have, therefore, set up inpatient family units where children and parents are both actively involved in the treatment. Unfortunately, evidence supporting the benefits of these units is sparse. METHODS We evaluated the effectiveness of inpatient treatment for families with severe parent-child interaction problems in a child psychiatric setting. Consecutive admissions to the parent-child ward (N = 66) were studied. A within-subjects design was used with four assessment points (baseline, admission, discharge, four-week follow-up). Outcome measures were 1) parent and teacher ratings of child behaviour, and 2) parent self-ratings of parenting practices, parental strains and parental mental health. Data were analyzed using multilevel modelling for longitudinal data (piecewise growth curve models). RESULTS All parent-rated measures improved significantly during the four-week treatment period (d = 0.4 - 1.3). These improvements were significantly greater than those observed during the four-week pre-admission period. In addition, benefits were maintained during the four-week follow-up period. Only parents' self-efficacy in managing their child's behaviour showed continued improvement during follow-up. Teacher ratings of children's disruptive behaviour at school were stable during the pre-admission period and showed significant improvements at follow-up (d = 0.3 - 0.4). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that parent-child inpatient treatment has positive effects on child and parent behaviour and mental health, and can therefore be recommended for children with behavioural and emotional disorders and severe parent-child interaction problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ise
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy at the University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
| | - Sabine Schröder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
| | - Dieter Breuer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy at the University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
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Teacher-Reported Irritable and Defiant Dimensions of Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Social, Behavioral, and Academic Correlates. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-015-9163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Kim JW, Kim BN, Kim JI, Lee YS, Min KJ, Kim HJ, Lee J. Social Network Analysis Reveals the Negative Effects of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms on Friend-Based Student Networks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142782. [PMID: 26562777 PMCID: PMC4642970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social network analysis has emerged as a promising tool in modern social psychology. This method can be used to examine friend-based social relationships in terms of network theory, with nodes representing individual students and ties representing relationships between students (e.g., friendships and kinships). Using social network analysis, we investigated whether greater severity of ADHD symptoms is correlated with weaker peer relationships among elementary school students. Methods A total of 562 sixth-graders from two elementary schools (300 males) provided the names of their best friends (maximum 10 names). Their teachers rated each student’s ADHD symptoms using an ADHD rating scale. Results The results showed that 10.2% of the students were at high risk for ADHD. Significant group differences were observed between the high-risk students and other students in two of the three network parameters (degree, centrality and closeness) used to assess friendship quality, with the high-risk group showing significantly lower values of degree and closeness compared to the other students. Moreover, negative correlations were found between the ADHD rating and two social network analysis parameters. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the severity of ADHD symptoms is strongly correlated with the quality of social and interpersonal relationships in students with ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Won Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Joon Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Korea Institute on Neuromodulation, EasyBrain Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Döpfner M, Ise E, Wolff Metternich-Kaizman T, Schürmann S, Rademacher C, Breuer D. Adaptive multimodal treatment for children with attention-deficit-/hyperactivity disorder: an 18 month follow-up. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2015; 46:44-56. [PMID: 24638884 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-014-0452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) study demonstrated that adaptive and individually tailored multimodal treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [consisting of behavior therapy (BT) and/or stimulant medication] is highly effective. This study reports findings of the 18 month follow-up assessment. Parents and teachers completed broad range behavior scales (Child Behavior Checklist/Teacher Report Form) and standardized ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder symptom rating scales. Children that used medication to treat ADHD at follow-up (N = 32) and those that did not (N = 34) were analyzed separately. Parents did not report significant changes in child behavior from posttest to follow-up. Teacher ratings revealed some aggravation of ADHD symptoms in children that received medication, but this was not significant after Bonferroni correction. The initial advantage of combined treatment over BT was no longer evident. It can be concluded that treatment for ADHD that is tailored to the assessed needs of children results in large treatment effects that are maintained for at least 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Döpfner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany,
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