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Wang X, Wang Z, He J. Similarities and Differences of Vascular Calcification in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:165-192. [PMID: 38222032 PMCID: PMC10788067 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s438618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Presently, the mechanism of occurrence and development of vascular calcification (VC) is not fully understood; a range of evidence suggests a positive association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and VC. Furthermore, the increasing burden of central vascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be due, at least in part, to VC. In this review, we will review recent advances in the mechanisms of VC in the context of CKD and diabetes. The study further unveiled that VC is induced through the stimulation of pro-inflammatory factors, which in turn impairs endothelial function and triggers similar mechanisms in both disease contexts. Notably, hyperglycemia was identified as the distinctive mechanism driving calcification in DM. Conversely, in CKD, calcification is facilitated by mechanisms including mineral metabolism imbalance and the presence of uremic toxins. Additionally, we underscore the significance of investigating vascular alterations and newly identified molecular pathways as potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiabo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Ma J, Li Y, Yang X, Liu K, Zhang X, Zuo X, Ye R, Wang Z, Shi R, Meng Q, Chen X. Signaling pathways in vascular function and hypertension: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:168. [PMID: 37080965 PMCID: PMC10119183 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a global public health issue and the leading cause of premature death in humans. Despite more than a century of research, hypertension remains difficult to cure due to its complex mechanisms involving multiple interactive factors and our limited understanding of it. Hypertension is a condition that is named after its clinical features. Vascular function is a factor that affects blood pressure directly, and it is a main strategy for clinically controlling BP to regulate constriction/relaxation function of blood vessels. Vascular elasticity, caliber, and reactivity are all characteristic indicators reflecting vascular function. Blood vessels are composed of three distinct layers, out of which the endothelial cells in intima and the smooth muscle cells in media are the main performers of vascular function. The alterations in signaling pathways in these cells are the key molecular mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction and hypertension development. In this manuscript, we will comprehensively review the signaling pathways involved in vascular function regulation and hypertension progression, including calcium pathway, NO-NOsGC-cGMP pathway, various vascular remodeling pathways and some important upstream pathways such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress-related signaling pathway, immunity/inflammation pathway, etc. Meanwhile, we will also summarize the treatment methods of hypertension that targets vascular function regulation and discuss the possibility of these signaling pathways being applied to clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghao Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Runyu Ye
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufeng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Chakrabarti M, Bhattacharya A, Gebere MG, Johnson J, Ayub ZA, Chatzistamou I, Vyavahare NR, Azhar M. Increased TGFβ1 and SMAD3 Contribute to Age-Related Aortic Valve Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:770065. [PMID: 35928937 PMCID: PMC9343688 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.770065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a progressive heart disease that is particularly prevalent in elderly patients. The current treatment of CAVD is surgical valve replacement, but this is not a permanent solution, and it is very challenging for elderly patients. Thus, a pharmacological intervention for CAVD may be beneficial. In this study, we intended to rescue aortic valve (AV) calcification through inhibition of TGFβ1 and SMAD3 signaling pathways. Methods and Results The klotho gene, which was discovered as an aging-suppressor gene, has been observed to play a crucial role in AV calcification. The klotho knockout (Kl–/–) mice have shorter life span (8–12 weeks) and develop severe AV calcification. Here, we showed that increased TGFβ1 and TGFβ-dependent SMAD3 signaling were associated with AV calcification in Kl–/– mice. Next, we generated Tgfb1- and Smad3-haploinsufficient Kl–/– mice to determine the contribution of TGFβ1 and SMAD3 to the AV calcification in Kl–/– mice. The histological and morphometric evaluation suggested a significant reduction of AV calcification in Kl–/–; Tgfb1± mice compared to Kl–/– mice. Smad3 heterozygous deletion was observed to be more potent in reducing AV calcification in Kl–/– mice compared to the Kl–/–; Tgfb1± mice. We observed significant inhibition of Tgfb1, Pai1, Bmp2, Alk2, Spp1, and Runx2 mRNA expression in Kl–/–; Tgfb1± and Kl–/–; Smad3± mice compared to Kl–/– mice. Western blot analysis confirmed that the inhibition of TGFβ canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways were associated with the rescue of AV calcification of both Kl–/–; Tgfb1± and Kl–/–; Smad3± mice. Conclusion Overall, inhibition of the TGFβ1-dependent SMAD3 signaling pathway significantly blocks the development of AV calcification in Kl–/– mice. This information is useful in understanding the signaling mechanisms involved in CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Aniket Bhattacharya
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Child Health Institute of New Jersey Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Mengistu G. Gebere
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - John Johnson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Zeeshan A. Ayub
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | | | - Mohamad Azhar
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- William Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Mohamad Azhar,
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Zhu X, Ma K, Zhou K, Pan X, Liu J, Nürnberg B, Alesutan I, Völkl J, Lang F. Requirement of Na+/H+ Exchanger NHE1 for Vasopressin-Induced Osteogenic Signaling and Calcification in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Kidney Blood Press Res 2022; 47:399-409. [PMID: 35339998 DOI: 10.1159/000524050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Vasopressin is a powerful stimulator of vascular calcification, augmenting osteogenic signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) including upregulation of transcription factors such as core-binding factor α-1 (CBFA1), msh homeobox 2 (MSX2), and SRY-Box 9 (SOX9), as well as of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL). Vasopressin-induced osteogenic signaling and calcification require the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1). Known effects of SGK1 include upregulation of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1). NHE1 further participates in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). NHE1 has been shown to participate in the orchestration of bone mineralization. The present study, thus, explored whether vasopressin modifies NHE1 expression and ROS generation, as well as whether pharmacological inhibition of NHE1 disrupts vasopressin-induced osteogenic signaling and calcification in VSMCs. METHODS Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) were treated with vasopressin in the absence or presence of SGK1 silencing, SGK1 inhibitor GSK-650394, and NHE1 blocker cariporide. Transcript levels were determined by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, protein abundance by Western blotting, ROS generation with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence, and ALP activity and calcium content by using colorimetric assays. RESULTS Vasopressin significantly enhanced the NHE1 transcript and protein levels in HAoSMCs, effects significantly blunted by SGK1 inhibition with GSK-650394 or SGK1 silencing. Vasopressin increased ROS accumulation, an effect significantly blocked by the NHE1 inhibitor cariporide. Vasopressin further significantly increased osteogenic markers CBFA1, MSX2, SOX9, and ALPL transcript levels, as well as ALP activity and calcium content in HAoSMCs, all effects significantly blunted by SGK1 silencing or in the presence of GSK-650394 or cariporide. CONCLUSION Vasopressin stimulates NHE1 expression and ROS generation, an effect dependent on SGK1 and required for vasopressin-induced stimulation of osteogenic signaling and calcification of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kuo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xia Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jibin Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Jakob Völkl
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Protective effects of spironolactone on vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 582:28-34. [PMID: 34678593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Aldosterone has been implicated as an augmenting factor in the progression of vascular calcification. The present study further explored putative beneficial effects of aldosterone inhibition by the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone on vascular calcification in CKD. METHODS Serum calcification propensity was determined in serum samples from the MiREnDa trial, a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial to investigate efficacy and safety of spironolactone in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Experiments were conducted in mice with subtotal nephrectomy and cholecalciferol treatment, and in calcifying primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs). RESULTS Serum calcification propensity was improved by spironolactone treatment in patients on hemodialysis from the MiREnDa trial. In mouse models and HAoSMCs, spironolactone treatment ameliorated vascular calcification and expression of osteogenic markers. CONCLUSIONS These observations support a putative benefit of spironolactone treatment in CKD-associated vascular calcification. Further research is required to investigate possible improvements in cardiovascular outcomes by spironolactone and whether the benefits outweigh the risks in patients with CKD.
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Waring OJ, Skenteris NT, Biessen EAL, Donners MMPC. Two-faced Janus: The dual role of macrophages in atherosclerotic calcification. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2768-2777. [PMID: 34550346 PMCID: PMC9586561 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcification is an independent predictor of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular events. Microcalcification is linked to inflamed, unstable lesions, in comparison to the fibrotic stable plaque phenotype generally associated with advanced calcification. This paradox relates to recognition that calcification presents in a wide spectrum of manifestations that differentially impact plaque’s fate. Macrophages, the main inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaque, have a multifaceted role in disease progression. They crucially control the mineralization process, from microcalcification to the osteoid metaplasia of bone-like tissue. It is a bilateral interaction that weighs heavily on the overall plaque fate but remains rather unexplored. This review highlights current knowledge about macrophage phenotypic changes in relation to and interaction with the calcifying environment. On the one hand, macrophage-led inflammation kickstarts microcalcification through a multitude of interlinked mechanisms, which in turn stimulates phenotypic changes in vascular cell types to drive microcalcification. Macrophages may also modulate the expression/activity of calcification inhibitors and inducers, or eliminate hydroxyapatite nucleation points. Contrarily, direct exposure of macrophages to an early calcifying milieu impacts macrophage phenotype, with repercussions for plaque progression and/or stability. Macrophages surrounding macrocalcification deposits show a more reparative phenotype, modulating extracellular matrix, and expressing osteoclast genes. This phenotypic shift favours gradual displacement of the pro-inflammatory hubs; the lipid necrotic core, by macrocalcification. Parallels to bone metabolism may explain many of these changes to macrophage phenotype, with advanced calcification able to show homeostatic osteoid metaplasia. As the targeted treatment of vascular calcification developing in atherosclerosis is thus far severely lacking, it is crucial to better understand its mechanisms of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Waring
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - N T Skenteris
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - E A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, German
| | - M M P C Donners
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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7
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Acid sphingomyelinase promotes SGK1-dependent vascular calcification. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:515-534. [PMID: 33479769 PMCID: PMC7859357 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), hyperphosphatemia is a key factor promoting medial vascular calcification, a common complication associated with cardiovascular events and high mortality. Vascular calcification involves osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), but the complex signaling events inducing pro-calcific pathways are incompletely understood. The present study investigated the role of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide as regulator of VSMC calcification. In vitro, both, bacterial sphingomyelinase and phosphate increased ceramide levels in VSMCs. Bacterial sphingomyelinase as well as ceramide supplementation stimulated osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation during control and high phosphate conditions and augmented phosphate-induced calcification of VSMCs. Silencing of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) blunted the pro-calcific effects of bacterial sphingomyelinase or ceramide. Asm deficiency blunted vascular calcification in a cholecalciferol-overload mouse model and ex vivo isolated-perfused arteries. In addition, Asm deficiency suppressed phosphate-induced osteo-/chondrogenic signaling and calcification of cultured VSMCs. Treatment with the functional ASM inhibitors amitriptyline or fendiline strongly blunted pro-calcific signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, ASM/ceramide is a critical upstream regulator of vascular calcification, at least partly, through SGK1-dependent signaling. Thus, ASM inhibition by repurposing functional ASM inhibitors to reduce the progression of vascular calcification during CKD warrants further study.
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8
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Abbasian N. Vascular Calcification Mechanisms: Updates and Renewed Insight into Signaling Pathways Involved in High Phosphate-Mediated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification. Biomedicines 2021; 9:804. [PMID: 34356868 PMCID: PMC8301440 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is associated with aging, cardiovascular and renal diseases and results in poor morbidity and increased mortality. VC occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a condition that is associated with high serum phosphate (Pi) and severe cardiovascular consequences. High serum Pi level is related to some pathologies which affect the behaviour of vascular cells, including platelets, endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and plays a central role in promoting VC. VC is a complex, active and cell-mediated process involving the transdifferentiation of vascular SMCs to a bone-like phenotype, systemic inflammation, decreased anti-calcific events (loss of calcification inhibitors), loss in SMC lineage markers and enhanced pro-calcific microRNAs (miRs), an increased intracellular calcium level, apoptosis, aberrant DNA damage response (DDR) and senescence of vascular SMCs. This review gives a brief overview of the current knowledge of VC mechanisms with a particular focus on Pi-induced changes in the vascular wall important in promoting calcification. In addition to reviewing the main findings, this review also sheds light on directions for future research in this area and discusses emerging pathways such as Pi-regulated intracellular calcium signaling, epigenetics, oxidative DNA damage and senescence-mediated mechanisms that may play critical, yet to be explored, regulatory and druggable roles in limiting VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Abbasian
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
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Zhou K, Zhu X, Ma K, Liu J, Nürnberg B, Gawaz M, Lang F. Effect of MgCl 2 and GdCl 3 on ORAI1 Expression and Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Megakaryocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073292. [PMID: 33804889 PMCID: PMC8036595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease, hyperphosphatemia upregulates the Ca2+ channel ORAI and its activating Ca2+ sensor STIM in megakaryocytes and platelets. ORAI1 and STIM1 accomplish store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and play a key role in platelet activation. Signaling linking phosphate to upregulation of ORAI1 and STIM1 includes transcription factor NFAT5 and serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1. In vascular smooth muscle cells, the effect of hyperphosphatemia on ORAI1/STIM1 expression and SOCE is suppressed by Mg2+ and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) agonist Gd3+. The present study explored whether sustained exposure to Mg2+ or Gd3+ interferes with the phosphate-induced upregulation of NFAT5, SGK1, ORAI1,2,3, STIM1,2 and SOCE in megakaryocytes. To this end, human megakaryocytic Meg-01 cells were treated with 2 mM ß-glycerophosphate for 24 h in the absence and presence of either 1.5 mM MgCl2 or 50 µM GdCl3. Transcript levels were estimated utilizing q-RT-PCR, protein abundance by Western blotting, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by Fura-2 fluorescence and SOCE from the increase in [Ca2+]i following re-addition of extracellular Ca2+ after store depletion with thapsigargin (1 µM). As a result, Mg2+ and Gd3+ upregulated CaSR and blunted or virtually abolished the phosphate-induced upregulation of NFAT5, SGK1, ORAI1,2,3, STIM1,2 and SOCE in megakaryocytes. In conclusion, Mg2+ and the CaSR agonist Gd3+ interfere with phosphate-induced dysregulation of [Ca2+]i in megakaryocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (K.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Xuexue Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (K.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (K.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Jibin Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy & Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (K.Z.); (X.Z.); (K.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-707-129-72194
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Rapp N, Evenepoel P, Stenvinkel P, Schurgers L. Uremic Toxins and Vascular Calcification-Missing the Forest for All the Trees. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E624. [PMID: 33003628 PMCID: PMC7599869 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiorenal syndrome relates to the detrimental interplay between the vascular system and the kidney. The uremic milieu induced by reduced kidney function alters the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and promotes vascular calcification, a condition which is strongly linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Biological mechanisms involved include generation of reactive oxygen species, inflammation and accelerated senescence. A better understanding of the vasotoxic effects of uremic retention molecules may reveal novel avenues to reduce vascular calcification in CKD. The present review aims to present a state of the art on the role of uremic toxins in pathogenesis of vascular calcification. Evidence, so far, is fragmentary and limited with only a few uremic toxins being investigated, often by a single group of investigators. Experimental heterogeneity furthermore hampers comparison. There is a clear need for a concerted action harmonizing and standardizing experimental protocols and combining efforts of basic and clinical researchers to solve the complex puzzle of uremic vascular calcification.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardio-Renal Syndrome/metabolism
- Cardio-Renal Syndrome/pathology
- Cardio-Renal Syndrome/physiopathology
- Cardio-Renal Syndrome/therapy
- Humans
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Prognosis
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy
- Toxins, Biological/metabolism
- Uremia/metabolism
- Uremia/pathology
- Uremia/physiopathology
- Uremia/therapy
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Vascular Calcification/physiopathology
- Vascular Calcification/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Rapp
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Pieter Evenepoel
- Laboratory of Nephrology, KU Leuven Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
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Ryu J, Ahn Y, Kook H, Kim YK. The roles of non-coding RNAs in vascular calcification and opportunities as therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 218:107675. [PMID: 32910935 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is characterized by an accumulation of calcium phosphate crystals inside the vessel wall. VC is often associated with diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Even though the number of patients with VC remains prevalent, there are still no approved therapies for the treatment of VC. Since the pathogenesis of VC is diverse and involves multiple factors and mechanisms, it is critical to reveal the novel mechanisms involved in VC. Although protein-coding RNAs involved in VC have been extensively studied, the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are not yet fully understood. The field of ncRNAs has recently received attention, and accumulating evidence from studies in VC suggests that ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play an important role in the regulation of VC. NcRNAs can modulate VC by acting as promoters or inhibitors and may be useful in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of VC. In this article, we review and discuss ncRNAs that regulate VC and present the therapeutic implications of these ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Ryu
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Li C, Zhang S, Chen X, Ji J, Yang W, Gui T, Gai Z, Li Y. Farnesoid X receptor activation inhibits TGFBR1/TAK1-mediated vascular inflammation and calcification via miR-135a-5p. Commun Biol 2020; 3:327. [PMID: 32581266 PMCID: PMC7314757 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in vascular calcification. However, only a few studies have revealed the mechanisms underlying the development of inflammation under high-phosphate conditions in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Here, we show that inflammation resulting from the activation of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway is involved in calcification in CKD rats or osteogenic medium-cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Moreover, miR-135a-5p is demonstrated to be a key regulator of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway, which has been reported to be decreased in CKD rats. We further reveal that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation increases miR-135a-5p expression, thereby inhibiting the activation of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway, ultimately resulting in the attenuation of vascular inflammation and calcification in CKD rats. Our findings provide advanced insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of inflammation in vascular calcification, and evidence that FXR activation could serve as a therapeutic strategy for retarding vascular calcification in CKD patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Calcinosis/genetics
- Calcinosis/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Osteogenesis
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Vasculitis/genetics
- Vasculitis/metabolism
- Vasculitis/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jingkang Ji
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland.
| | - Yunlun Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China.
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13
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An overview of the mechanisms in vascular calcification during chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020; 28:289-296. [PMID: 30985336 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic kidney disease (CKD) facilitates a unique environment to strongly accelerate vascular calcification - the pathological deposition of calcium-phosphate in the vasculature. These calcifications are associated with the excessive cardiovascular mortality of CKD patients. RECENT FINDINGS Vascular calcification is a multifaceted active process, mediated, at least partly, by vascular smooth muscle cells. These cells are able to transdifferentiate into cells with osteo/chondrogenic properties, which exert multiple effects to facilitate vascular tissue mineralization. As the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology increases, first therapeutic concepts begin to emerge. SUMMARY This brief review provides an overview on the so far known mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of vascular calcification in CKD.
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14
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Research Models for Studying Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062204. [PMID: 32210002 PMCID: PMC7139511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcification of the vessel wall contributes to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vascular calcification (VC) is a systemic disease with multifaceted contributing and inhibiting factors in an actively regulated process. The exact underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated and reliable treatment options are lacking. Due to the complex pathophysiology, various research models exist evaluating different aspects of VC. This review aims to give an overview of the cell and animal models used so far to study the molecular processes of VC. Here, in vitro cell culture models of different origins, ex vivo settings using aortic tissue and various in vivo disease-induced animal models are summarized. They reflect different aspects and depict the (patho)physiologic mechanisms within the VC process.
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15
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Pelzl L, Sahu I, Ma K, Heinzmann D, Bhuyan AAM, Al-Maghout T, Sukkar B, Sharma Y, Marini I, Rigoni F, Artunc F, Cao H, Gutti R, Voelkl J, Pieske B, Gawaz M, Bakchoul T, Lang F. Beta-Glycerophosphate-Induced ORAI1 Expression and Store Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Megakaryocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1728. [PMID: 32015442 PMCID: PMC6997179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of renal phosphate elimination in chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to enhanced plasma and tissue phosphate concentration, which in turn up-regulates transcription factor NFAT5 and serum & glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1. The kinase upregulates ORAI1, a Ca2+-channel accomplishing store-operated Ca2+-entry (SOCE). ORAI1 is stimulated following intracellular store depletion by Ca2+-sensors STIM1 and/or STIM2. In megakaryocytes and blood platelets SOCE and thus ORAI1 are powerful regulators of activity. The present study explored whether the phosphate-donor ß-glycerophosphate augments NFAT5, ORAI1,2,3 and/or STIM1,2 expressions and thus SOCE in megakaryocytes. Human megakaryocytic Meg01cells were exposed to 2 mM of phosphate-donor ß-glycerophosphate for 24 hours. Platelets were isolated from blood samples of patients with impaired kidney function or control volunteers. Transcript levels were estimated utilizing q-RT-PCR, cytosolic Ca2+-concentration ([Ca2+]i) by Fura-2-fluorescence, and SOCE from increase of [Ca2+]i following re-addition of extracellular Ca2+ after store depletion with thapsigargin (1 µM). NFAT5 and ORAI1 protein abundance was estimated with Western blots. As a result, ß-glycerophosphate increased NFAT5, ORAI1/2/3, STIM1/2 transcript levels, as well as SOCE. Transcript levels of NFAT5, SGK1, ORAI1/2/3, and STIM1/2 as well as NFAT5 and ORAI1 protein abundance were significantly higher in platelets isolated from patients with impaired kidney function than in platelets from control volunteers. In conclusion, phosphate-donor ß-glycerophosphate triggers a signaling cascade of NFAT5/SGK1/ORAI/STIM, thus up-regulating store-operated Ca2+-entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisann Pelzl
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Itishri Sahu
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - David Heinzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Tamer Al-Maghout
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Basma Sukkar
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yamini Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Irene Marini
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Flaviana Rigoni
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hang Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ravi Gutti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Institute for Physiology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, and Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karl University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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16
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Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by vasorin through interference with TGFβ1 signaling. Cell Signal 2019; 64:109414. [PMID: 31505229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Elevated transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) levels are frequently observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. TGFβ1 contributes to development of medial vascular calcification during hyperphosphatemia, a pathological process promoted by osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Vasorin is a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed in VSMCs, which is able to bind TGFβ to inhibit TGFβ signaling. Thus, the present study explored the effects of vasorin on osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of VSMCs. Primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) were treated with recombinant human TGFβ1 or β-glycerophosphate without or with recombinant human vasorin or vasorin gene silencing by siRNA. As a result, TGFβ1 down-regulated vasorin mRNA expression in HAoSMCs. Vasorin supplementation inhibited TGFβ1-induced pathway activation, SMAD2 phosphorylation and downstream target genes expression in HAoSMCs. Furthermore, treatment with exogenous vasorin blunted, while vasorin knockdown augmented TGFβ1-induced osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of HAoSMCs. In addition, phosphate down-regulated vasorin mRNA expression in HAoSMCs. Phosphate-induced TGFβ1 expression was not affected by addition of exogenous vasorin. Nonetheless, the phosphate-induced TGFβ1 signaling, osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of HAoSMCs were all blunted by vasorin. Conversely, silencing of vasorin aggravated osteoinduction in HAoSMCs during high phosphate conditions. Aortic vasorin expression was reduced in the hyperphosphatemic klotho-hypomorphic mouse model of CKD-related vascular calcification. In conclusion, vasorin, which suppresses TGFβ1 signaling and protects against osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of VSMCs, is reduced by pro-calcifying conditions. Thus, vasorin is a novel key regulator of VSMC calcification and may represent a potential therapeutic target for vascular calcification during CKD.
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17
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Ma K, Liu P, Al-Maghout T, Sukkar B, Cao H, Voelkl J, Alesutan I, Pieske B, Lang F. Phosphate-induced ORAI1 expression and store-operated Ca 2+ entry in aortic smooth muscle cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1465-1475. [PMID: 31385016 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Compromised renal phosphate elimination in chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to hyperphosphatemia, which in turn triggers osteo-/chondrogenic signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and vascular calcification. Osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs leads to upregulation of the transcription factors MSX2, CBFA1, and SOX9 as well as tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) which fosters calcification by degrading the calcification inhibitor pyrophosphate. Osteo-/chondrogenic signaling in VSMCs involves the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1. As shown in other cell types, SGK1 is a powerful stimulator of ORAI1, a Ca2+-channel accomplishing store-operated Ca2+-entry (SOCE). ORAI1 is stimulated following intracellular store depletion by the Ca2+ sensor STIM1. The present study explored whether phosphate regulates ORAI1 and/or STIM1 expression and, thus, SOCE in VSMCs. To this end, primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) were exposed to the phosphate donor β-glycerophosphate. Transcript levels were estimated by qRT-PCR, protein abundance by western blotting, ALPL activity by colorimetry, calcification by alizarin red S staining, cytosolic Ca2+-concentration ([Ca2+]i) by Fura-2-fluorescence, and SOCE from increase of [Ca2+]i following re-addition of extracellular Ca2+ after store depletion with thapsigargin. As a result, β-glycerophosphate treatment increased ORAI1 and STIM1 transcript levels and protein abundance as well as SOCE in HAoSMCs. Additional treatment with ORAI1 inhibitor MRS1845 or SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394 virtually disrupted the effects of β-glycerophosphate on SOCE. Moreover, the β-glycerophosphate-induced MSX2, CBFA1, SOX9, and ALPL mRNA expression and activity in HAoSMCs were suppressed in the presence of the ORAI1 inhibitor and upon ORAI1 silencing. In conclusion, enhanced phosphate upregulates ORAI1 and STIM1 expression and store-operated Ca2+-entry, which participate in the orchestration of osteo-/chondrogenic signaling of VSMCs. KEY MESSAGES: • In aortic SMC, phosphate donor ß-glycerophosphate upregulates Ca2+ channel ORAI1. • In aortic SMC, ß-glycerophosphate upregulates ORAI1-activator STIM1. • In aortic SMC, ß-glycerophosphate upregulates store-operated Ca2+-entry (SOCE). • The effect of ß-glycerophosphate on SOCE is disrupted by ORAI1 inhibitor MRS1845. • Stimulation of osteogenic signaling is disrupted by MRS1845 and ORAI1 silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tamer Al-Maghout
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Basma Sukkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040, Linz, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040, Linz, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
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18
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Henze LA, Luong TT, Boehme B, Masyout J, Schneider MP, Brachs S, Lang F, Pieske B, Pasch A, Eckardt KU, Voelkl J, Alesutan I. Impact of C-reactive protein on osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5445-5462. [PMID: 31377747 PMCID: PMC6710049 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification occurs during the aging process and is strongly accelerated by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are associated with vascular calcification, cardiovascular events and mortality in CKD patients. CRP is an important promoter of vascular inflammation. Inflammatory processes are critically involved in initiation and progression of vascular calcification. Thus, the present study explored a possible impact of CRP on vascular calcification. We found that CRP promoted osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and aggravated phosphate-induced osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs). These effects were paralleled by increased cellular oxidative stress and corresponding pro-calcific downstream-signaling. Antioxidants or p38 MAPK inhibition suppressed CRP-induced osteo-/chondrogenic signaling and mineralization. Furthermore, silencing of Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIa (FCGR2A) blunted the pro-calcific effects of CRP. Vascular CRP expression was increased in the klotho-hypomorphic mouse model of aging as well as in HAoSMCs during calcifying conditions. In conclusion, CRP augments osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells through mechanisms involving FCGR2A-dependent induction of oxidative stress. Thus, systemic inflammation may actively contribute to the progression of vascular calcification.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/metabolism
- Aging/pathology
- Animals
- C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
- Cell Transdifferentiation/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondrogenesis/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glucuronidase/genetics
- Glucuronidase/metabolism
- Humans
- Klotho Proteins
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Osteogenesis/physiology
- Oxidative Stress
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Calcification/etiology
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Henze
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Trang T.D. Luong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Beate Boehme
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Jaber Masyout
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Markus P. Schneider
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin 10115, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 10178, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Andreas Pasch
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
- Calciscon AG, 2560 Nidau-Biel, Switzerland
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz 4040, Austria
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 10178, Germany
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19
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Voelkl J, Lang F, Eckardt KU, Amann K, Kuro-O M, Pasch A, Pieske B, Alesutan I. Signaling pathways involved in vascular smooth muscle cell calcification during hyperphosphatemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2077-2091. [PMID: 30887097 PMCID: PMC6502780 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification has emerged as a putative key factor contributing to the excessive cardiovascular mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperphosphatemia is considered a decisive determinant of vascular calcification in CKD. A critical role in initiation and progression of vascular calcification during elevated phosphate conditions is attributed to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which are able to change their phenotype into osteo-/chondroblasts-like cells. These transdifferentiated VSMCs actively promote calcification in the medial layer of the arteries by producing a local pro-calcifying environment as well as nidus sites for precipitation of calcium and phosphate and growth of calcium phosphate crystals. Elevated extracellular phosphate induces osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs through complex intracellular signaling pathways, which are still incompletely understood. The present review addresses critical intracellular pathways controlling osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs and, thus, vascular calcification during hyperphosphatemia. Elucidating these pathways holds a significant promise to open novel therapeutic opportunities counteracting the progression of vascular calcification in CKD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Phosphates/chemistry
- Calcium Phosphates/metabolism
- Cell Transdifferentiation
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- Chondrocytes/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hyperphosphatemia/complications
- Hyperphosphatemia/genetics
- Hyperphosphatemia/metabolism
- Hyperphosphatemia/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/pathology
- RANK Ligand/genetics
- RANK Ligand/metabolism
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/genetics
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Calcification/complications
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Voelkl
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls University, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Andreas Pasch
- Calciscon AG, Aarbergstrasse 5, 2560, Nidau-Biel, Switzerland
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Schanstra JP, Luong TT, Makridakis M, Van Linthout S, Lygirou V, Latosinska A, Alesutan I, Boehme B, Schelski N, Von Lewinski D, Mullen W, Nicklin S, Delles C, Feuillet G, Denis C, Lang F, Pieske B, Bascands JL, Mischak H, Saulnier-Blache JS, Voelkl J, Vlahou A, Klein J. Systems biology identifies cytosolic PLA2 as a target in vascular calcification treatment. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125638. [PMID: 31092728 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbimortality worldwide, promising new drug candidates are lacking. We compared the arterial high-resolution proteome of patients with advanced versus early-stage CVD to predict, from a library of small bioactive molecules, drug candidates able to reverse this disease signature. Of the approximately 4000 identified proteins, 100 proteins were upregulated and 52 were downregulated in advanced-stage CVD. Arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3), a cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) inhibitor was predicted as the top drug able to reverse the advanced-stage CVD signature. Vascular cPLA2 expression was increased in patients with advanced-stage CVD. Treatment with AACOCF3 significantly reduced vascular calcification in a cholecalciferol-overload mouse model and inhibited osteoinductive signaling in vivo and in vitro in human aortic smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, using a systems biology approach, we have identified a potentially new compound that prevented typical vascular calcification in CVD in vivo. Apart from the clear effect of this approach in CVD, such strategy should also be able to generate novel drug candidates in other complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost P Schanstra
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, INSERM, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Trang Td Luong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Lygirou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Beate Boehme
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadeshda Schelski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - William Mullen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Nicklin
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Guylène Feuillet
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, INSERM, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Colette Denis
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, INSERM, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- INSERM, U1188, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | | | - Jean-Sebastien Saulnier-Blache
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, INSERM, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Julie Klein
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, INSERM, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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21
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SGK1-dependent stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cell osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation by interleukin-18. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:889-899. [PMID: 30706178 PMCID: PMC6533237 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is a key regulator of osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and subsequent calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The phenotypical transdifferentiation of VSMCs is associated with increased interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels and generalized inflammation. Therefore, the present study investigated the possible involvement of SGK1 in IL-18-induced vascular calcification. Experiments were performed in primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) treated with recombinant human IL-18 protein in control or high phosphate conditions and following SGK1 knockdown by siRNA or pharmacological inhibition of SGK1, PI3K, and PDK1. As a result, IL-18 treatment increased SGK1 mRNA and protein expression in HAoSMCs. IL-18 upregulated SGK1 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was paralleled by upregulation of the mRNA expression of MSX2 and CBFA1, osteogenic transcription factors, and of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), an osteogenic enzyme, as markers of increased osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation. Phosphate treatment increased SGK1 and osteogenic markers mRNA expression as well as ALPL activity and induced calcification of HAoSMCs, all effects significantly augmented by additional treatment with IL-18. Conversely, silencing of SGK1 or cotreatment with the SGK1 inhibitor EMD638683 blunted the effects of IL-18 on osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of HAoSMCs. The procalcific effects of IL-18 were similarly suppressed in the presence of PI3K or PDK1 inhibitors. In conclusion, SGK1 expression is upregulated by IL-18 in VSMCs and SGK1 participates in the intracellular signaling of IL-18-induced osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs. Thus, SGK1 may serve as therapeutic target to limit the progression of medial vascular calcification during vascular inflammation.
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22
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Bejarano E, Murray JW, Wang X, Pampliega O, Yin D, Patel B, Yuste A, Wolkoff AW, Cuervo AM. Defective recruitment of motor proteins to autophagic compartments contributes to autophagic failure in aging. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12777. [PMID: 29845728 PMCID: PMC6052466 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inability to preserve proteostasis with age contributes to the gradual loss of function that characterizes old organisms. Defective autophagy, a component of the proteostasis network for delivery and degradation of intracellular materials in lysosomes, has been described in multiple old organisms, while a robust autophagy response has been linked to longevity. The molecular mechanisms responsible for defective autophagic function with age remain, for the most part, poorly characterized. In this work, we have identified differences between young and old cells in the intracellular trafficking of the vesicular compartments that participate in autophagy. Failure to reposition autophagosomes and lysosomes toward the perinuclear region with age reduces the efficiency of their fusion and the subsequent degradation of the sequestered cargo. Hepatocytes from old mice display lower association of two microtubule-based minus-end-directed motor proteins, the well-characterized dynein, and the less-studied KIFC3, with autophagosomes and lysosomes, respectively. Using genetic approaches to mimic the lower levels of KIFC3 observed in old cells, we confirmed that reduced content of this motor protein in fibroblasts leads to failed lysosomal repositioning and diminished autophagic flux. Our study connects defects in intracellular trafficking with insufficient autophagy in old organisms and identifies motor proteins as a novel target for future interventions aiming at correcting autophagic activity with anti-aging purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Bejarano
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
- Institute for Aging Studies; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - John W. Murray
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Xintao Wang
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Olatz Pampliega
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR5293; Universite de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
- CNRS; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives; UMR 5293 C Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - David Yin
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Bindi Patel
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
- Institute for Aging Studies; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Andrea Yuste
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
- Institute for Aging Studies; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
| | - Allan W. Wolkoff
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
- Division of Hepatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and; Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
- Institute for Aging Studies; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx New York
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23
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Voelkl J, Luong TT, Tuffaha R, Musculus K, Auer T, Lian X, Daniel C, Zickler D, Boehme B, Sacherer M, Metzler B, Kuhl D, Gollasch M, Amann K, Müller DN, Pieske B, Lang F, Alesutan I. SGK1 induces vascular smooth muscle cell calcification through NF-κB signaling. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3024-3040. [PMID: 29889103 DOI: 10.1172/jci96477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification, associated with enhanced mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD), is fostered by osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Here, we describe that serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) was upregulated in VSMCs under calcifying conditions. In primary human aortic VSMCs, overexpression of constitutively active SGK1S422D, but not inactive SGK1K127N, upregulated osteo-/chondrogenic marker expression and activity, effects pointing to increased osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation. SGK1S422D induced nuclear translocation and increased transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Silencing or pharmacological inhibition of IKK abrogated the osteoinductive effects of SGK1S422D. Genetic deficiency, silencing, and pharmacological inhibition of SGK1 dissipated phosphate-induced calcification and osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs. Aortic calcification, stiffness, and osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation in mice following cholecalciferol overload were strongly reduced by genetic knockout or pharmacological inhibition of Sgk1 by EMD638683. Similarly, Sgk1 deficiency blunted vascular calcification in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice after subtotal nephrectomy. Treatment of human aortic smooth muscle cells with serum from uremic patients induced osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation, effects ameliorated by EMD638683. These observations identified SGK1 as a key regulator of vascular calcification. SGK1 promoted vascular calcification, at least partly, via NF-κB activation. Inhibition of SGK1 may, thus, reduce the burden of vascular calcification in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Voelkl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Trang Td Luong
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rashad Tuffaha
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Musculus
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilman Auer
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoming Lian
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Pathology, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Boehme
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sacherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Metzler
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Kuhl
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Pathology, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Voelkl J, Tuffaha R, Luong TTD, Zickler D, Masyout J, Feger M, Verheyen N, Blaschke F, Kuro-O M, Tomaschitz A, Pilz S, Pasch A, Eckardt KU, Scherberich JE, Lang F, Pieske B, Alesutan I. Zinc Inhibits Phosphate-Induced Vascular Calcification through TNFAIP3-Mediated Suppression of NF- κB. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1636-1648. [PMID: 29654213 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017050492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of patients with CKD may result in large part from medial vascular calcification, a process promoted by hyperphosphatemia and involving osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Reduced serum zinc levels have frequently been observed in patients with CKD, but the functional relevance of this remains unclear.Methods We performed experiments in primary human aortic VSMCs; klotho-hypomorphic (kl/kl), subtotal nephrectomy, and cholecalciferol-overload mouse calcification models; and serum samples from patients with CKD.Results In cultured VSMCs, treatment with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) blunted phosphate-induced calcification, osteo-/chondrogenic signaling, and NF-κB activation. ZnSO4 increased the abundance of zinc-finger protein TNF-α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3, also known as A20), a suppressor of the NF-κB pathway, by zinc-sensing receptor ZnR/GPR39-dependent upregulation of TNFAIP3 gene expression. Silencing of TNFAIP3 in VSMCs blunted the anticalcific effects of ZnSO4 under high phosphate conditions. kl/kl mice showed reduced plasma zinc levels, and ZnSO4 supplementation strongly blunted vascular calcification and aortic osteoinduction and upregulated aortic Tnfaip3 expression. ZnSO4 ameliorated vascular calcification in mice with chronic renal failure and mice with cholecalciferol overload. In patients with CKD, serum zinc concentrations inversely correlated with serum calcification propensity. Finally, ZnSO4 ameliorated the osteoinductive effects of uremic serum in VSMCs.Conclusions Zinc supplementation ameliorates phosphate-induced osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs and vascular calcification through an active cellular mechanism resulting from GPR39-dependent induction of TNFAIP3 and subsequent suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Zinc supplementation may be a simple treatment to reduce the burden of vascular calcification in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
| | - Rashad Tuffaha
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Trang T D Luong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaber Masyout
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Feger
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Verheyen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Blaschke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Andreas Tomaschitz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Division of Internal Medicine, Specialist Clinic of Rehabilitation Bad Gleichenberg, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juergen E Scherberich
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; and.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; and
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25
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Lang F, Leibrock C, Pelzl L, Gawaz M, Pieske B, Alesutan I, Voelkl J. Therapeutic Interference With Vascular Calcification-Lessons From Klotho-Hypomorphic Mice and Beyond. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:207. [PMID: 29780355 PMCID: PMC5945862 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification, a major pathophysiological process associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality, involves osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In chronic kidney disease (CKD), osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs and, thus, vascular calcification is mainly driven by hyperphosphatemia, resulting from impaired elimination of phosphate by the diseased kidneys. Hyperphosphatemia with subsequent vascular calcification is a hallmark of klotho-hypomorphic mice, which are characterized by rapid development of multiple age-related disorders and early death. In those animals, hyperphosphatemia results from unrestrained formation of 1,25(OH)2D3 with subsequent retention of calcium and phosphate. Analysis of klotho-hypomorphic mice and mice with vitamin D3 overload uncovered several pathophysiological mechanisms participating in the orchestration of vascular calcification and several therapeutic opportunities to delay or even halt vascular calcification. The present brief review addresses the beneficial effects of bicarbonate, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, magnesium supplementation, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockage, and ammonium salts. The case is made that bicarbonate is mainly effective by decreasing intestinal phosphate absorption, and that carbonic anhydrase inhibition leads to metabolic acidosis, which counteracts calcium-phosphate precipitation and VSMC transdifferentiation. Magnesium supplementation, MR blockage and ammonium salts are mainly effective by interference with osteo-/chondrogenic signaling in VSMCs. It should be pointed out that the, by far, most efficient substances are ammonium salts, which may virtually prevent vascular calcification. Future research will probably uncover further therapeutic options and, most importantly, reveal whether these observations in mice can be translated into treatment of patients suffering from vascular calcification, such as patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Florian Lang,
| | - Christina Leibrock
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
- Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Lisann Pelzl
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Eberhard Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universität Medizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Partner Site Berlin, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universität Medizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Partner Site Berlin, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universität Medizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Partner Site Berlin, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
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26
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Zhang D, Bi X, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xiong J, Xu X, Xiao T, Yu Y, Jiang W, Huang Y, Zhang J, Zhang B, Zhao J. High Phosphate-Induced Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells is Associated with the TLR4/NF-κb Signaling Pathway. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:1205-1215. [PMID: 29227975 DOI: 10.1159/000485874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hyperphosphatemia is one of the most notable features of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies have found that high serum phosphate concentrations are associated with calcification in the coronary arteries. However, the mechanisms underlying the vascular calcification induced by high phosphate have not been understood fully. METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were cultured in high-phosphate media to induce vascular calcification, which was detected by Alizarin red S staining. Gene expression and protein levels of differentiation markers were determined by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Protein levels of phosphorylated NF-κB and TLR4 were detected by western blotting, and the role of NF-κB/TLR4 was further confirmed by using an NF-κB inhibitor or TLR4 siRNA. RESULTS Our results showed that high-phosphate media induced obvious calcification of VSMCs. Simultaneously, VSMC differentiation was confirmed by the increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and Runt-related transcription factor 2 and decreased expression of the VSMC-specific marker SM22α, which was accompanied by the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, a significant upregulation of TLR4 and phosphorylated NF-κB was also detected in VSMCs with high-phosphate media. In contrast, VSMC calcification and the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines were markedly attenuated by pretreatment with TLR4 siRNA and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid, an NF-κB inhibitor. CONCLUSION These data suggest that high-phosphate conditions directly induce vascular calcification via the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling in VSMCs. Moreover, inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway might be a key intervention to prevent vascular calcification in patients with CKD.
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Owaki A, Inaguma D, Tanaka A, Shinjo H, Inaba S, Kurata K. Evaluation of the Relationship between the Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Level at Dialysis Initiation and All-Cause Mortality: A Multicenter, Prospective Study. NEPHRON EXTRA 2017; 7:78-88. [PMID: 29593775 PMCID: PMC5869490 DOI: 10.1159/000481409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim High serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels predict mortality independent of bone metabolism parameters and liver function test results in patients on hemodialysis. The relationship between serum ALP at dialysis initiation and mortality during maintenance dialysis is unknown; therefore, we aimed to identify an association. Methods This multicenter, prospective cohort study analyzed 1,213 patients registered in the Aichi Cohort Study of Prognosis in Patients Newly Initiated into Dialysis from October 2011 to September 2013. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on serum ALP levels. All-cause mortality and incidences of cardiovascular events after dialysis initiation were compared using the log-rank test and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. We performed stratified analysis based on parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Results During the follow-up, 109 (18.0%) and 86 (14.1%) patients died in the high ALP group (232 ≥IU/L; High ALP group) and low ALP group (232 <IU/L; Low ALP group), respectively. All-cause mortality was significantly higher in the High ALP group than in the Low ALP group (p = 0.014). The serum ALP level was significantly correlated with the all-cause mortality rate (hazard ratio = 1.17 per 100 IU/L increase of ALP, 95% confidence interval: 1.11–1.24, p < 0.001). The all-cause mortality rate was significantly higher in the High ALP group among patients with low (<150 pg/mL) or normal (150–300 pg/mL) PTH levels (p = 0.012 and p = 0.005, respectively) than in the Low ALP group; there was no significant difference among patients with a high (≥300 pg/mL) PTH level (p = 1.000). Conclusion The serum ALP level at dialysis initiation is associated with all-cause mortality during maintenance dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Owaki
- Department of Nephrology and Connective Tissue Disorders, Tosei Hospital, Seto, Japan
| | - Daijo Inaguma
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Akihito Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hibiki Shinjo
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Inaba
- Department of Nephrology and Connective Tissue Disorders, Tosei Hospital, Seto, Japan
| | - Kei Kurata
- Department of Nephrology and Connective Tissue Disorders, Tosei Hospital, Seto, Japan
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Klotho suppresses high phosphate-induced osteogenic responses in human aortic valve interstitial cells through inhibition of Sox9. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:739-751. [PMID: 28332126 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated level of blood phosphate (Pi) associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor of aortic valve calcification. Aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) display osteogenic responses to high Pi although the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. Sox9 is a pro-chondrogenic factor and may play a role in ectopic tissue calcification. Circulating and kidney levels of Klotho are reduced in patients with CKD. We hypothesized that Sox9 mediates high Pi-induced osteogenic responses in human AVICs and that Klotho inhibits the responses. Treatment of human AVICs with high Pi increased protein levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and a prolonged exposure to high Pi caused calcium deposition. High Pi induced Sox9 upregulation through PKD and Akt activation. Knockdown of Sox9 essentially abolished the effect of high Pi on the osteogenic responses. Lower Klotho levels were observed in calcified aortic valve tissues. Interestingly, high Pi decreased Klotho levels in AVICs from normal valves, and treatment with recombinant Klotho markedly reduced the effect of high Pi on the levels of Sox9, Runx2, and ALP and suppressed calcium deposition. We conclude that high Pi induces human AVIC osteogenic responses through Sox9. Human AVICs express Klotho, and its levels in AVICs are modulated by high Pi and valvular calcification. Importantly, Klotho suppresses the pro-osteogenic effect of high Pi on human AVICs. These novel findings indicate that modulation of Klotho may have therapeutic potential for mitigation of valvular calcification associated with CKD. KEY MESSAGES CAVD associated with chronic kidney disease is a significant clinical problem. High phosphate upregulates Sox9 through AKT and PKD in human AVICs. Calcified human aortic valves have lower levels of Klotho. Klotho suppresses Sox9 upregulation and intranuclear translocation. Klotho inhibits high phosphate-induced osteogenic activity in human AVICs.
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Inhibition of osteo/chondrogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells by MgCl2 via calcium-sensing receptor. J Hypertens 2017; 35:523-532. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ulbing M, Kirsch AH, Leber B, Lemesch S, Münzker J, Schweighofer N, Hofer D, Trummer O, Rosenkranz AR, Müller H, Eller K, Stadlbauer V, Obermayer-Pietsch B. MicroRNAs 223-3p and 93-5p in patients with chronic kidney disease before and after renal transplantation. Bone 2017; 95:115-123. [PMID: 27866993 PMCID: PMC6326349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a multifactorial dysregulation of bone and vascular calcification and closely linked to increased cardiovascular mortality and concomitant bone disease. We aimed to investigate specific microRNA (miRNA) signatures in CKD patients to find indicators for vascular calcification and/or bone mineralization changes during CKD and after kidney transplantation (KT). A miRNA array was used to investigate serum miRNA profiles in CKD patients, then selected miRNAs were quantified in a validation cohort comprising 73 patients in CKD stages 3 to 5, 67 CKD patients after KT, and 36 healthy controls. A spectrum of biochemical parameters including markers for kidney function, inflammation, glucose, and mineral metabolism was determined. The relative expression of miR-223-3p and miR-93-5p was down-regulated in patients with CKD stage 4 and 5 compared to healthy controls. This down-regulation disappeared after kidney transplantation even when lower glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) persisted. MiR-223-3p and miR-93-5p were associated with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and eGFR levels, and by trend with interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-peptide, hematocrit, and parathyroid hormone (PTH). This study contributes new knowledge of serum miRNA expression profiles in CKD, potentially reflecting pathophysiological changes of bone and calcification pathways associated with inflammation, vascular calcification, mineral and glucose metabolism. Identified miRNA signatures can contribute to future risk markers or future therapeutic targets in bone and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ulbing
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
| | - A H Kirsch
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - B Leber
- Dept. of Surgery, Clinical Division of Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - S Lemesch
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - J Münzker
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - N Schweighofer
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - D Hofer
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - O Trummer
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - A R Rosenkranz
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - H Müller
- Dept. of Surgery, Clinical Division of Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - K Eller
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - V Stadlbauer
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
| | - B Obermayer-Pietsch
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Alesutan I, Feger M, Tuffaha R, Castor T, Musculus K, Buehling SS, Heine CL, Kuro-O M, Pieske B, Schmidt K, Tomaschitz A, Maerz W, Pilz S, Meinitzer A, Voelkl J, Lang F. Augmentation of phosphate-induced osteo-/chondrogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells by homoarginine. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:408-418. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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