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Mooss VS, Konana VK, Babu Murthy K. Vascular Changes in Eyes with Post-Fever Retinitis Pre and Post Treatment Demonstrated Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38607653 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2268195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To document vascular changes in eyes with post-fever retinitis (PFR) pre and post treatment demonstrated using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS This is a retrospective observational case series wherein patients with PFR were retrospectively evaluated for changes in the retinal vasculature during the course of disease using OCTA. RESULTS At presentation, OCTA revealed flow void areas in superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP and DCP) corresponding to the areas of retinitis. Post treatment, OCTA showed a significant decrease in the flow void areas with the appearance of new capillary network in both SCP and DCP. The optical coherence tomography also demonstrated normalization of retinal architecture over time. It is speculated that the good visual outcome in PFR could be attributed to the normalization of retinal architecture and remodelling in retinal vasculature. CONCLUSION OCTA being non-invasive can be used to understand and quantify the extent of vascular remodelling in PFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya S Mooss
- Department of Medical Retina and Uvea, Prabha Eye Clinic, Bangalore, India
| | - Vinaya Kumar Konana
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Vittala International Institute of Ophthalmology, Bangalore, India
| | - Kalpana Babu Murthy
- Department of Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation, Prabha Eye Clinic and Vittala International Institute of Ophthalmology, Bangalore, India
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2
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Gaikwad AV, Eapen MS, Dey S, Bhattarai P, Shahzad AM, Chia C, Jaffar J, Westall G, Sutherland D, Singhera GK, Hackett TL, Lu W, Sohal SS. TGF-β1, pSmad-2/3, Smad-7, and β-Catenin Are Augmented in the Pulmonary Arteries from Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF): Role in Driving Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EndMT). J Clin Med 2024; 13:1160. [PMID: 38398472 PMCID: PMC10888973 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: We have previously reported that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is an active process in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) contributing to arterial remodelling. Here, we aim to quantify drivers of EndMT in IPF patients compared to normal controls (NCs). Methods: Lung resections from thirteen IPF patients and eleven NCs were immunohistochemically stained for EndMT drivers, including TGF-β1, pSmad-2/3, Smad-7, and β-catenin. Intima, media, and adventitia were analysed for expression of each EndMT driver in pulmonary arteries. Computer- and microscope-assisted Image ProPlus7.0 image analysis software was used for quantifications. Results: Significant TGF-β1, pSmad-2/3, Smad-7, and β-catenin expression was apparent across all arterial sizes in IPF (p < 0.05). Intimal TGF-β1, pSmad-2/3, Smad-7, and β-catenin were augmented in the arterial range of 100-1000 μm (p < 0.001) compared to NC. Intimal TGF-β1 and β-catenin percentage expression showed a strong correlation with the percentage expression of intimal vimentin (r' = 0.54, p = 0.05 and r' = 0.61, p = 0.02, respectively) and intimal N-cadherin (r' = 0.62, p = 0.03 and r' = 0.70, p = 0.001, respectively). Intimal TGF-β1 and β-catenin expression were significantly correlated with increased intimal thickness as well (r' = 0.52, p = 0.04; r' = 0.052, p = 0.04, respectively). Moreover, intimal TGF-β1 expression was also significantly associated with increased intimal elastin deposition (r' = 0.79, p = 0.002). Furthermore, total TGF-β1 expression significantly impacted the percentage of DLCO (r' = -0.61, p = 0.03). Conclusions: This is the first study to illustrate the involvement of active TGF-β/Smad-2/3-dependent and β-catenin-dependent Wnt signalling pathways in driving EndMT and resultant pulmonary arterial remodelling in patients with IPF. EndMT is a potential therapeutic target for vascular remodelling and fibrosis in general in patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Vijay Gaikwad
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Surajit Dey
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
| | - Prem Bhattarai
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
| | - Affan Mahmood Shahzad
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
| | - Collin Chia
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
- Launceston Respiratory and Sleep Centre, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Jade Jaffar
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Glen Westall
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Darren Sutherland
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Singhera
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Wenying Lu
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Launceston Respiratory and Sleep Centre, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Launceston Respiratory and Sleep Centre, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
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Li M, Ying M, Gu S, Zhou Z, Zhao R. Matrine alleviates hypoxia-induced inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodelling via RPS5/NF-κB signalling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23583. [PMID: 37986032 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction and vascular remodelling are the main pathological features of hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH), and inflammation is participated in the occurrence of pulmonary vascular remodelling (PVR). Matrine is an alkaloid with the effects of anti-inflammation, antifibrosis and antitumour. But, few studies have explored the role of matrine in regulating PVR, and the related mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we found that hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation and inhibited its apoptosis, reduced the expression of ribosomal protein s5 and activated the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling. Matrine, sildenafil and NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11-7082 could reverse these changes and impel the cell cycle in phase S retardation, and reduced the expression of p50, p65, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2. In addition, matrine could lower right ventricular systolic pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure of rats, α-smooth muscle actin and PCNA expression in pulmonary artery media, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleuki-1β, thus improved hypoxia-induced PVR. This study indicated that matrine could alleviate inflammation and improve PVR through reversing the imbalance of proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs, thus it had a therapeutic effect on HPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaofa Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Al-Smadi MW, Fazekas LA, Aslan S, Bernat B, Beqain A, Al-Khafaji MQM, Priksz D, Orlik B, Nemeth N. A Microsurgical Arteriovenous Malformation Model on Saphenous Vessels in the Rat. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2970. [PMID: 38001970 PMCID: PMC10669800 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an anomaly of blood vessel formation. Numerous models have been established to understand the nature of AVM. These models have limitations in terms of the diameter of the vessels used and the impact on the circulatory system. Our goal was to establish an AVM model that does not cause prompt and significant hemodynamic and cardiac alterations but is feasible for follow-up of the AVM's progression. Sixteen female rats were randomly divided into sham-operated and AVM groups. In the AVM group, the saphenous vein and artery were interconnected using microsurgical techniques. The animals were followed up for 12 weeks. Anastomosis patency and the structural and hemodynamic changes of the heart were monitored. The hearts and vessels were histologically analyzed. During the follow-up period, shunts remained unobstructed. Systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate values slightly and non-significantly decreased in the AVM group. Echocardiogram results indicated minor systolic function impact, with slight and insignificant changes in aortic pressure and blood velocity, and minimal left ventricular wall enlargement. The small-caliber saphenous AVM model does not cause acute hemodynamic changes. Moderate but progressive alterations and venous dilatation confirmed AVM-like features. The model seems to be suitable for studying further the progression, enlargement, or destabilization of AVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Walid Al-Smadi
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zsigmond ut 22, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.W.A.-S.); (L.A.F.); (S.A.); (A.B.); (M.Q.M.A.-K.)
- Kalman Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Adam Fazekas
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zsigmond ut 22, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.W.A.-S.); (L.A.F.); (S.A.); (A.B.); (M.Q.M.A.-K.)
| | - Siran Aslan
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zsigmond ut 22, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.W.A.-S.); (L.A.F.); (S.A.); (A.B.); (M.Q.M.A.-K.)
| | - Brigitta Bernat
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Anas Beqain
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zsigmond ut 22, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.W.A.-S.); (L.A.F.); (S.A.); (A.B.); (M.Q.M.A.-K.)
| | - Mustafa Qais Muhsin Al-Khafaji
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zsigmond ut 22, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.W.A.-S.); (L.A.F.); (S.A.); (A.B.); (M.Q.M.A.-K.)
| | - Daniel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Brigitta Orlik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Norbert Nemeth
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Moricz Zsigmond ut 22, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.W.A.-S.); (L.A.F.); (S.A.); (A.B.); (M.Q.M.A.-K.)
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5
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Sporkova A, Nahar T, Cao M, Ghosh S, Sens-Albert C, Friede PAP, Nagel A, Al-Hasani J, Hecker M. Characterisation of Lipoma-Preferred Partner as a Novel Mechanotransducer in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2315. [PMID: 37759537 PMCID: PMC10529303 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In arteries and arterioles, a chronic increase in blood pressure raises wall tension. This continuous biomechanical strain causes a change in gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that may lead to pathological changes. Here we have characterised the functional properties of lipoma-preferred partner (LPP), a Lin11-Isl1-Mec3 (LIM)-domain protein, which is most closely related to the mechanotransducer zyxin but selectively expressed by smooth muscle cells, including VSMCs in adult mice. VSMCs isolated from the aorta of LPP knockout (LPP-KO) mice displayed a higher rate of proliferation than their wildtype (WT) counterparts, and when cultured as three-dimensional spheroids, they revealed a higher expression of the proliferation marker Ki 67 and showed greater invasion into a collagen gel. Accordingly, the gelatinase activity was increased in LPP-KO but not WT spheroids. The LPP-KO spheroids adhering to the collagen gel responded with decreased contraction to potassium chloride. The relaxation response to caffeine and norepinephrine was also smaller in the LPP-KO spheroids than in their WT counterparts. The overexpression of zyxin in LPP-KO VSMCs resulted in a reversal to a more quiescent differentiated phenotype. In native VSMCs, i.e., in isolated perfused segments of the mesenteric artery (MA), the contractile responses of LPP-KO segments to potassium chloride, phenylephrine or endothelin-1 did not vary from those in isolated perfused WT segments. In contrast, the myogenic response of LPP-KO MA segments was significantly attenuated while zyxin-deficient MA segments displayed a normal myogenic response. We propose that LPP, which we found to be expressed solely in the medial layer of different arteries from adult mice, may play an important role in controlling the quiescent contractile phenotype of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.S.)
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6
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Carstensen CV, Bjerager J, Belmouhand M, Eckmann-Hansen C, Rothenbuehler SP, Dabbah S, Dalgård C, Laigaard P, Larsen M. Ocular and systemic associations and heritability of retinal arterial wall-to-lumen ratios in a twin cohort. Acta Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 37702272 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate ocular and systemic factors associated with the retinal arterial wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) and to determine the relative contribution of genetic and environmental variation to WLR in healthy adults. METHODS This cross-sectional twin study included 78 monozygotic and 67 dizygotic same-sex twin pairs aged 58.4 ± 9.8 (mean ± SD) years. Lumen diameter (LD) and outer diameter (OD) of a superotemporal retinal artery were measured using adaptive optics fundus photography, and the WLR was calculated. Linear mixed model regression analysis of associations with WLR comprised the descriptive variables ocular axial length (AL), intraocular pressure (IOP), height, weight, body mass index (BMI), smoking, blood pressure, high density (HDL), low density (LDL) and very low density (VLDL) lipoproteins, total cholesterol and triglycerides. The relative influence of genes and environment on WLR was calculated through polygenetic modelling. RESULTS Increasing age and arterial blood pressure were associated with a higher WLR, while increasing retinal artery OD and ocular AL were associated with a lower WLR. Sex, smoking status, BMI, IOP, cholesterol levels or triglycerides had no detectable impact on the WLR. Broad-sense heritability of WLR was 21% (95% CI: 1-41%), while environmental factors accounted for the remaining 79% of the interindividual variance (95% CI: 59-99%). CONCLUSION Retinal artery wall thickness was closely linked to increasing age and higher arterial blood pressure, the latter being mediated by the environment over genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Voigt Carstensen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Healthy and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bjerager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Sami Dabbah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- The Danish Twin Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Poul Laigaard
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Larsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Healthy and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Kapustin A, Tsakali SS, Whitehead M, Chennell G, Wu MY, Molenaar C, Kutikhin A, Bogdanov L, Sinitsky M, Rubina K, Clayton A, Verweij FJ, Pegtel DM, Zingaro S, Lobov A, Zainullina B, Owen D, Parsons M, Cheney RE, Warren D, Humphries MJ, Iskratsch T, Holt M, Shanahan CM. Extracellular vesicles stimulate smooth muscle cell migration by presenting collagen VI. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.17.551257. [PMID: 37645762 PMCID: PMC10462164 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.551257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) supports blood vessel architecture and functionality and undergoes active remodelling during vascular repair and atherogenesis. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential for vessel repair and, via their secretome, are able to invade from the vessel media into the intima to mediate ECM remodelling. Accumulation of fibronectin (FN) is a hallmark of early vascular repair and atherosclerosis and here we show that FN stimulates VSMCs to secrete small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) by activating the β1 integrin/FAK/Src pathway as well as Arp2/3-dependent branching of the actin cytoskeleton. Spatially, sEV were secreted via filopodia-like cellular protrusions at the leading edge of migrating cells. We found that sEVs are trapped by the ECM in vitro and colocalise with FN in symptomatic atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Functionally, ECM-trapped sEVs induced the formation of focal adhesions (FA) with enhanced pulling forces at the cellular periphery. Proteomic and GO pathway analysis revealed that VSMC-derived sEVs display a cell adhesion signature and are specifically enriched with collagen VI. In vitro assays identified collagen VI as playing the key role in cell adhesion and invasion. Taken together our data suggests that the accumulation of FN is a key early event in vessel repair acting to promote secretion of collage VI enriched sEVs by VSMCs. These sEVs stimulate migration and invasion by triggering peripheral focal adhesion formation and actomyosin contraction to exert sufficient traction forces to enable VSMC movement within the complex vascular ECM network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kapustin
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK, Tel. 020 7848 5221, FAX 020 7848 5193
| | - Sofia Serena Tsakali
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK, Tel. 020 7848 5221, FAX 020 7848 5193
| | - Meredith Whitehead
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK, Tel. 020 7848 5221, FAX 020 7848 5193
| | - George Chennell
- Wohl Cellular Imaging Centre, King’s College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9NU
| | - Meng-Ying Wu
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK, Tel. 020 7848 5221, FAX 020 7848 5193
| | - Chris Molenaar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK, Tel. 020 7848 5221, FAX 020 7848 5193
| | - Anton Kutikhin
- Laboratory for Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002, Russian Federation
| | - Leo Bogdanov
- Laboratory for Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Sinitsky
- Laboratory for Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya Rubina
- Laboratory of Morphogenesis and Tissue Reparation, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky av. 27-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia, tel/fax +74959329904
| | - Aled Clayton
- Tissue Microenvironment Research Group, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Tenovus Building, Cardiff, UK, CF14 2XN
| | - Frederik J Verweij
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Biophysics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Michiel Pegtel
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Zingaro
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Arseniy Lobov
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretskiy Prospekt, 194064, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Bozhana Zainullina
- Centre for Molecular and Cell Technologies, Research Park, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dylan Owen
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Richard E. Cheney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Derek Warren
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK, NR4 7TJ
| | - Martin James Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, Engineering Building, Mile End Road, E1 4NS
| | - Mark Holt
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK, Tel. 020 7848 5221, FAX 020 7848 5193
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8
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Laboyrie SL, de Vries MR, Bijkerk R, Rotmans JI. Building a Scaffold for Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation: Unravelling the Role of the Extracellular Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10825. [PMID: 37446003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular access is the lifeline for patients receiving haemodialysis as kidney replacement therapy. As a surgically created arteriovenous fistula (AVF) provides a high-flow conduit suitable for cannulation, it remains the vascular access of choice. In order to use an AVF successfully, the luminal diameter and the vessel wall of the venous outflow tract have to increase. This process is referred to as AVF maturation. AVF non-maturation is an important limitation of AVFs that contributes to their poor primary patency rates. To date, there is no clear overview of the overall role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in AVF maturation. The ECM is essential for vascular functioning, as it provides structural and mechanical strength and communicates with vascular cells to regulate their differentiation and proliferation. Thus, the ECM is involved in multiple processes that regulate AVF maturation, and it is essential to study its anatomy and vascular response to AVF surgery to define therapeutic targets to improve AVF maturation. In this review, we discuss the composition of both the arterial and venous ECM and its incorporation in the three vessel layers: the tunica intima, media, and adventitia. Furthermore, we examine the effect of chronic kidney failure on the vasculature, the timing of ECM remodelling post-AVF surgery, and current ECM interventions to improve AVF maturation. Lastly, the suitability of ECM interventions as a therapeutic target for AVF maturation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L Laboyrie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Surgery and the Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joris I Rotmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Goh BH, Cheng HS, Alexandra PTAA, Ting KN, Palanisamy UD, Tan JBL. Geraniin Ameliorates Hypertensive Vascular Remodelling in a Diet-Induced Obese Animal Model through Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15:2696. [PMID: 37375598 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Geraniin, an ellagitannin, has shown a potent blood pressure-lowering effect in vivo. Therefore, this study aims to further characterize the ability of geraniin to attenuate hypertensive vascular dysfunction, a key feature of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Hypertension was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats through feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks, followed by oral administration of 25 mg/kg/day geraniin for four weeks. The parameters of vascular dysfunction such as the structure and function of blood vessels as well as the vascular oxidative stress and inflammation were evaluated. The outcomes of geraniin-treated rats were compared with those of untreated rats on either a normal diet (ND) or HFD and with HFD-fed rats treated with captopril (40 mg/kg/day). We found that geraniin supplementation effectively ameliorated HFD-induced hypertension and abnormal remodelling of the thoracic aorta by suppressing excessive vascular superoxide (O2-) radical generation and overexpression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the circulating leukocytes. Furthermore, compared to the ND-fed rats, geraniin also independently promoted the significant enlargement of the thoracic aortic lumen for blood pressure reduction. Notably, the vascular benefits of geraniin were comparable to that of captopril. Collectively, these data suggest that geraniin can mitigate hypertensive vascular remodelling caused by overnutrition, which potentially abrogates the further development of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Hee Goh
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Kang-Nee Ting
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Uma Devi Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
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10
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Liu J, Long X, Li H, Yan Q, Wang L, Qin Z, Zhang H. C1q/TNF-related protein 4 mediates proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells during vascular remodelling. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1261. [PMID: 37221646 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular remodelling is an essential pathophysiological state in many circulatory diseases. Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) behaviour leads to neointimal formation and may eventually results in major adverse cardiovascular events. The C1q/TNF-related protein (C1QTNF) family is closely associated with cardiovascular disease. Notably, C1QTNF4 has unique two C1q domains. However, the role of C1QTNF4 in vascular diseases remains unclear. METHODS C1QTNF4 expression was detected in human serum and artery tissues using ELISA and multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining. Scratch assay, transwell assay and confocal microscopy were used to investigate C1QTNF4 effects on VSMC migration. EdU incorporation, MTT assay and cell counting experiment revealed C1QTNF4 effects on VSMC proliferation. C1QTNF4-transgenic, C1QTNF4-/- and AAV9-mediated VSMC-specific C1QTNF4 restoration C1QTNF4-/- mouse and rat disease models were generated. RNA-seq, quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, mIF, proliferation and migration assays were used to investigate the phenotypic characteristics and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Serum C1QTNF4 levels were decreased in patients with arterial stenosis. C1QTNF4 shows colocalisation with VSMC in human renal arteries. In vitro, C1QTNF4 inhibits VSMC proliferation and migration and alters VSMC phenotype. In vivo, an adenovirus-infected rat balloon injury model, C1QTNF4-transgenic and C1QTNF4-/- mouse wire-injury models with or without VSMC-specific C1QTNF4 restoration were established to mimic the VSMC repair and remodelling. The results show that C1QTNF4 decreases intimal hyperplasia. Especially, we displayed the rescue effect of C1QTNF4 in vascular remodelling using AAV vectors. Next, transcriptome analysis of artery tissue identified the potential mechanism. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that C1QTNF4 ameliorates neointimal formation and maintains vascular morphology by downregulating the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that C1QTNF4 is a novel inhibitor of VSMC proliferation and migration that acts by downregulating the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway, thus protecting blood vessels from abnormal neointima formation. These results provide new insights into promising potent treatments for vascular stenosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, The lnstitute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbo Long
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, The lnstitute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hexin Li
- Biological Sample Management Center, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, The lnstitute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, The lnstitute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, The lnstitute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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11
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Pezzuto F, Lunardi F, Vedovelli L, Olteanu GE, Fortarezza F, De Pellegrin A, Melan L, Faccioli E, De Franceschi E, Giraudo C, Del Vecchio C, Marinello S, Pasello G, Gregori D, Navalesi P, Rea F, Schiavon M, Calabrese F. Vascular/epithelial changes as late sequelae after recovery from SARS-COV-2 infection: an in-vivo comparative study. Histopathology 2023. [PMID: 37102989 DOI: 10.1111/his.14930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS While there is partial evidence of lung lesions in patients suffering from long COVID there are substantial concerns about lung remodelling sequelae after COVID-19 pneumonia. The aim of the present retrospective comparative study was to ascertain morphological features in lung samples from patients undergoing tumour resection several months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS AND RESULTS The severity of several lesions with a major focus on the vascular bed was analysed in 2 tumour-distant lung fragments of 41 cases: 21 SARS-CoV-2 (+) lung tumour (LT) patients and 20 SARS-CoV-2 (-) LT patients. A systematic evaluation of several lesions was carried out by combining their scores into a grade of I-III. Tissue SARS-CoV-2 genomic/subgenomic transcripts were also investigated. Morphological findings were compared with clinical, laboratory and radiological data. SARS-CoV-2 (+) LT patients with previous pneumonia showed more severe parenchymal and vascular lesions than those found in SARS-CoV-2 (+) LT patients without pneumonia and SARS-CoV-2 (-) LT patients, mainly when combined scores were used. SARS-CoV-2 viral transcripts were not detected in any sample. SARS-CoV-2 (+) LT patients with pneumonia showed a significantly higher radiological global injury score. No other associations were found between morphological lesions and clinical data. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study that, after a granular evaluation of tissue parameters, detected several changes in lungs from patients undergoing tumour resection after SARS-CoV-2 infection. These lesions, in particular vascular remodelling, could have an important impact overall on the future management of these frail patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pezzuto
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
- University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Lunardi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
- University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Vedovelli
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Gheorghe E Olteanu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Discipline of Pulmonology, Centre for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | | | - Luca Melan
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
- University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Faccioli
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
- University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Giraudo
- University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Vecchio
- University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Pasello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Dario Gregori
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Navalesi
- University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
- University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavon
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
- University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
- University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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Zhou N, Yong S, Shi X, Zhang P, Wang J. Imperatorin derivative OW1, a new vasoactive compound, attenuates cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting Nox1-mediated oxidative stress. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:502-514. [PMID: 36791249 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the structural remodelling of vascular segments and vascular beds. We identified a new imperatorin derivative, OW1, which has significant effects on vasodilation and inhibits vascular remodelling in hypertensive rats. In this study, we investigated whether OW1 inhibits vascular cell proliferation and migration by attenuating Nox1-ROS signalling. METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with OW1 (1, 3 and 10 µmol/L) for 24 h incubation, and it has been analysed for proliferation and peroxidation levels. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Noxs) were measured by RT-PCR and western blot. Furthermore, Nox1-ROS-MAPK/MMP mediated cell proliferation was detected by western blot. KEY FINDINGS Ang II-induced increases in the levels of peroxidation and Noxs in VSMCs were also inhibited by OW1. OW1 attenuates cell proliferation and migration through the MAPK pathway and MMPs. OW1 treatment had no significant effects on cell migration, ROS levels, or the expression of phosphorylated MAPKs in VSMCs when Nox1 was knocked down. OW1 reduced ROS levels and expression of phosphorylated MAPKs in NIH3T3 cells with a Nox1 overexpression plasmid. CONCLUSION OW1 may inhibit vascular remodelling by downregulating the Nox1-ROS-MAPK/MMP signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Suyun Yong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianpeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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13
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Berger MM, Bailey DM. On the mechanisms underlying activation and reversal of high altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension in humans - Another piece in the pulmonary puzzle. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1-4. [PMID: 36409273 PMCID: PMC10103756 DOI: 10.1113/ep090967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Moritz Berger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Damian Miles Bailey
- Neurovascular Research LaboratoryFaculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
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14
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Bi J, Duan Y, Wang M, He C, Li X, Zhang X, Tao Y, Du Y, Liu H. Deletion of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels promotes vascular remodelling through the CTRP7-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1-11. [PMID: 36514218 PMCID: PMC10157624 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel is a critical regulator and potential therapeutic target of vascular tone and architecture, and abnormal expression or dysfunction of this channel is linked to many vascular diseases. Vascular remodelling is the early pathological basis of severe vascular diseases. Delaying the progression of vascular remodelling can reduce cardiovascular events, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. To clarify the role of BK channels in vascular remodelling, we use rats with BK channel α subunit knockout (BK α ‒/‒). The results show that BK α ‒/‒ rats have smaller inner and outer diameters, thickened aortic walls, increased fibrosis, and disordered elastic fibers of the aortas compared with WT rats. When the expression and function of BK α are inhibited in human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs), the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, and interleukin-6 are enhanced, while the expressions of smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype proteins are reduced. RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and qPCR verification show that C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 7 ( CTRP7) is the downstream target gene. Furthermore, except for that of MMPs, a similar pattern of IL-6, smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype proteins expression trend is observed after CTRP7 knockdown. Moreover, knockdown of both BK α and CTRP7 in HUASMCs activates PI3K/Akt signaling. Additionally, CTRP7 is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and BK α deficiency activates the PI3K/Akt pathway by reducing CTRP7 level. Therefore, we first show that BK channel deficiency leads to vascular remodelling. The BK channel and CTRP7 may serve as potential targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanru Duan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Meili Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chunyu He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yunhui Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
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15
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Deng H, Tian X, Sun H, Liu H, Lu M, Wang H. Calpain-1 mediates vascular remodelling and fibrosis via HIF-1α in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2819-2830. [PMID: 35365973 PMCID: PMC9097838 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain‐1, a calcium‐activated neutral cysteine proteases, has been reported to be involved in the formation of pulmonary hypertension. HIF‐1α, an oxygen‐sensitive transcription factor, has been reported to activate genes involved in cell proliferation and extracellular matrix recombination. This study was designed to investigate the effect of calpain‐1 in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and to explore whether there is a relationship between calpain‐1 and HIF‐1α in this disease. In the hypoxia‐induced model of HPH, we found that hypoxia resulted in increased right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary vascular remodelling and collagen deposition in lung tissues of mice. The levels of calpain‐1 and HIF‐1α were up‐regulated in the lung tissues of hypoxia‐treated mice and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Knock‐out of calpain‐1 restrained haemodynamic and histological changes induced by chronic hypoxia in mice, and inhibition of calpain‐1 also repressed the abnormal proliferation and migration of PASMCs. Besides, knock‐out or inhibition of calpain‐1 suppressed hypoxia‐induced expression of HIF‐1α, VEGF, PCNA, TGF‐β1, MMP2 and collagen I in vivo and in vitro. While inhibition of HIF‐1α abolished the above effects of calpain‐1. Furthermore, we found that calpain‐1 mediates the expression of HIF‐1α through NF‐κB (P65) under hypoxia conditions. In conclusion, our results suggest that calpain‐1 plays a pivotal role in hypoxia‐induced pulmonary vascular remodelling and fibrosis through HIF‐1α, providing a better understanding of the pathogenesis of HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hening Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Meili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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16
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Yoshida T, Nagaoka T, Nagata Y, Suzuki Y, Tsutsumi T, Kuriyama S, Watanabe J, Togo S, Takahashi F, Matsushita M, Joki Y, Konishi H, Nunomura S, Izuhara K, Conway SJ, Takahashi K. Periostin-related progression of different types of experimental pulmonary hypertension: A role for M2 macrophage and FGF-2 signalling. Respirology 2022; 27:529-538. [PMID: 35318760 PMCID: PMC9313806 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Remodelling of pulmonary arteries (PA) contributes to the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Periostin, a matricellular protein, has been reported to be involved in the development of PH. We examined the role of periostin in the pathogenesis of PH using different types of experimental PH. Methods PH was induced by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist (Sugen5416) plus hypoxic exposure (SuHx) and venous injection of monocrotaline‐pyrrole (MCT‐P) in wild‐type (WT) and periostin−/− mice. Pulmonary haemodynamics, PA remodelling, expression of chemokines and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐2, accumulation of macrophages to small PA and the right ventricle (RV) were examined in PH‐induced WT and periostin−/− mice. Additionally, the role of periostin in the migration of macrophages, human PA smooth muscle (HPASMCs) and endothelial cells (HPMVECs) was investigated. Results In PH induced by SuHx and MCT‐P, PH and accumulation of M2 macrophage to small PA were attenuated in periostin−/− mice. PA remodelling post‐SuHx treatment was also mild in periostin−/− mice compared to WT mice. Expression of macrophage‐associated chemokines and FGF‐2 in lung tissue, and accumulation of CD68‐positive cells in the RV were less in SuHx periostin−/− than in SuHx WT mice. Periostin secretion in HPASMCs and HPMVECs was enhanced by transforming growth factor‐β. Periostin also augmented macrophage, HPASMCs and HPMVECs migration. Separately, serum periostin levels were significantly elevated in patients with PH compared to healthy controls. Conclusion Periostin is involved in the development of different types of experimental PH, and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of human PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Nagaoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Tsutsumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kuriyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Togo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Matsushita
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Joki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hakuoh Konishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Simon J Conway
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Zhang D, Wang M, Wu L, Zhao Y, Wang S, Yin X, Wu X. Assessing the characteristics and diagnostic value of plaques for patients with acute stroke using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:1529-1538. [PMID: 35111645 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A comprehensive understanding of atherosclerotic plaques aids physicians in evaluation and treatment of stroke. This study set out to evaluate the characteristics and diagnostic value of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with acute stroke and stenotic middle cerebral artery (MCA) using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS Sixty-five consecutive patients with transient ischemic attack or recent ischemic stroke were prospectively recruited. All enrolled patients underwent routine magnetic resonance scans and cross-sectional scans of the stenotic MCA vascular wall. Differences in vascular wall parameters and location, the enhancement degree, and remodelling patterns of plaques in the stenotic MCA were compared between symptomatic (n=30) and asymptomatic (n=35) groups of patients. The statistically significant indicators were then subjected to logistic regression analysis to identify which factors could better predict acute stroke. RESULTS Compared with the asymptomatic group, the symptomatic group had a smaller lumen area (LA) (P=0.027), larger plaque area (P<0.001), larger remodelling index (P<0.001), more superior/posterior plaques (P=0.001), more obviously enhanced plaques (P<0.001), and a greater number of PR patterns (P<0.001) in the stenotic MCA. Logistic regression analysis showed that the plaque area, remodelling patterns, LA in the stenotic MCA, enhancement degree, and plaque location were predictors of acute stroke. The combination of the plaque area and LA in the stenotic MCA, and the plaque enhancement degree had optimal predictive value (area under the curve =0.927). CONCLUSIONS A larger plaque area and smaller LA in the stenotic MCA, and obvious plaque enhancement might indicate that a patient is prone to acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xindao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Roustaei M, In Baek K, Wang Z, Cavallero S, Satta S, Lai A, O'Donnell R, Vedula V, Ding Y, Marsden AL, Hsiai TK. Computational simulations of the 4D micro-circulatory network in zebrafish tail amputation and regeneration. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20210898. [PMID: 35167770 PMCID: PMC8848759 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wall shear stress (WSS) contributes to the mechanotransduction underlying microvascular development and regeneration. Using computational fluid dynamics, we elucidated the interplay between WSS and vascular remodelling in a zebrafish model of tail amputation and regeneration. The transgenic Tg (fli1:eGFP; Gata1:ds-red) zebrafish line was used to track the three-dimensional fluorescently labelled vascular endothelium for post-image segmentation and reconstruction of the fluid domain. Particle image velocimetry was used to validate the blood flow. Following amputation to the dorsal aorta and posterior cardinal vein (PCV), vasoconstriction developed in the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel (DLAV) along with increased WSS in the proximal segmental vessels (SVs) from amputation. Angiogenesis ensued at the tips of the amputated DLAV and PCV where WSS was minimal. At 2 days post amputation (dpa), vasodilation occurred in a pair of SVs proximal to amputation, followed by increased blood flow and WSS; however, in the SVs distal to amputation, WSS normalized to the baseline. At 3 dpa, the blood flow increased in the arterial SV proximal to amputation and through anastomosis with DLAV formed a loop with PCV. Thus, our in silico modelling revealed the interplay between WSS and microvascular adaptation to changes in WSS and blood flow to restore microcirculation following tail amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoqiang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susana Cavallero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandro Satta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan O'Donnell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vijay Vedula
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Roustaei M, In Baek K, Wang Z, Cavallero S, Satta S, Lai A, O'Donnell R, Vedula V, Ding Y, Marsden AL, Hsiai TK. Computational simulations of the 4D micro-circulatory network in zebrafish tail amputation and regeneration. J R Soc Interface 2022. [PMID: 35167770 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.10.430654v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Wall shear stress (WSS) contributes to the mechanotransduction underlying microvascular development and regeneration. Using computational fluid dynamics, we elucidated the interplay between WSS and vascular remodelling in a zebrafish model of tail amputation and regeneration. The transgenic Tg (fli1:eGFP; Gata1:ds-red) zebrafish line was used to track the three-dimensional fluorescently labelled vascular endothelium for post-image segmentation and reconstruction of the fluid domain. Particle image velocimetry was used to validate the blood flow. Following amputation to the dorsal aorta and posterior cardinal vein (PCV), vasoconstriction developed in the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel (DLAV) along with increased WSS in the proximal segmental vessels (SVs) from amputation. Angiogenesis ensued at the tips of the amputated DLAV and PCV where WSS was minimal. At 2 days post amputation (dpa), vasodilation occurred in a pair of SVs proximal to amputation, followed by increased blood flow and WSS; however, in the SVs distal to amputation, WSS normalized to the baseline. At 3 dpa, the blood flow increased in the arterial SV proximal to amputation and through anastomosis with DLAV formed a loop with PCV. Thus, our in silico modelling revealed the interplay between WSS and microvascular adaptation to changes in WSS and blood flow to restore microcirculation following tail amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Roustaei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoqiang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susana Cavallero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandro Satta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan O'Donnell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vijay Vedula
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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Liang CC, Shaw SW, Huang YH, Lee TH. Human amniotic fluid stem cells can improve cerebral vascular remodelling and neurological function after focal cerebral ischaemia in diabetic rats. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10185-10196. [PMID: 34622573 PMCID: PMC8572791 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes causes vascular injury and carries a high risk of ischaemic stroke. Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) can enhance cerebral vascular remodelling and have the potential to improve neurological function after stroke in diabetic rats. Five groups of female rats were examined: (1) normal control, (2) type 1 diabetic (T1DM) rats induced by streptozotocin injection (DM), (3) non‐DM rats receiving 60‐minute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), (4) T1DM rats receiving 60‐minute MCAO (DM + MCAO) and (5) T1DM rats receiving 60‐minute MCAO and injection with 5 × 106 hAFSCs at 3 h after MCAO (DM + MCAO + hAFSCs). Neurological function was examined before, and at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, and cerebral infarction volume and haemorrhage, cerebral vascular density, angiogenesis and inflammatory were examined at 7 and 28 days after MCAO. hAFSCs treatment caused a significant improvement of neurological dysfunction, infarction volume, blood‐brain barrier leakage, cerebral arterial density, vascular density and angiogenesis and a reduction of brain haemorrhage and inflammation compared with non‐treatment. Our results showed that the effect of hAFSCs treatment against focal cerebral ischaemia may act through the recovery of vascular remodelling and angiogenesis and the reduction of inflammation in ischaemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chung Liang
- Urogynecology Section, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Steven W Shaw
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Prenatal Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yung-Hsin Huang
- Urogynecology Section, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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21
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Waring OJ, Skenteris NT, Biessen EAL, Donners MMPC. Two-faced Janus: The dual role of macrophages in atherosclerotic calcification. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2768-2777. [PMID: 34550346 PMCID: PMC9586561 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcification is an independent predictor of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular events. Microcalcification is linked to inflamed, unstable lesions, in comparison to the fibrotic stable plaque phenotype generally associated with advanced calcification. This paradox relates to recognition that calcification presents in a wide spectrum of manifestations that differentially impact plaque’s fate. Macrophages, the main inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaque, have a multifaceted role in disease progression. They crucially control the mineralization process, from microcalcification to the osteoid metaplasia of bone-like tissue. It is a bilateral interaction that weighs heavily on the overall plaque fate but remains rather unexplored. This review highlights current knowledge about macrophage phenotypic changes in relation to and interaction with the calcifying environment. On the one hand, macrophage-led inflammation kickstarts microcalcification through a multitude of interlinked mechanisms, which in turn stimulates phenotypic changes in vascular cell types to drive microcalcification. Macrophages may also modulate the expression/activity of calcification inhibitors and inducers, or eliminate hydroxyapatite nucleation points. Contrarily, direct exposure of macrophages to an early calcifying milieu impacts macrophage phenotype, with repercussions for plaque progression and/or stability. Macrophages surrounding macrocalcification deposits show a more reparative phenotype, modulating extracellular matrix, and expressing osteoclast genes. This phenotypic shift favours gradual displacement of the pro-inflammatory hubs; the lipid necrotic core, by macrocalcification. Parallels to bone metabolism may explain many of these changes to macrophage phenotype, with advanced calcification able to show homeostatic osteoid metaplasia. As the targeted treatment of vascular calcification developing in atherosclerosis is thus far severely lacking, it is crucial to better understand its mechanisms of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Waring
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - N T Skenteris
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - E A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, German
| | - M M P C Donners
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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22
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Zhou JY, Wong JH, Berman ZT, Lombardi AF, Chang EY, von Drygalski A. Bleeding with iron deposition and vascular remodelling in subchondral cysts: A newly discovered feature unique to haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia 2021; 27:e730-e738. [PMID: 34537999 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Joint iron accumulation is the incendiary factor triggering osteochondral destruction, synovial hypertrophy, inflammation, and vascular remodelling in haemophilic arthropathy (HA). Hemosiderin depositions have been described in synovium and, more recently, in cartilage. Clinical observations also suggest hemosiderin accumulation in subchondral cysts, implying cyst bleeding. AIM We explored associations between cystic iron accumulation, vascular remodelling and HA status to determine if cystic bleeding may contribute to HA progression. METHODS Thirty-six haemophilic joints (16 knees, 10 ankles, and 10 elbows; 31 adult patients with haemophilia A/B) were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for subchondral cysts and hemosiderin. Cyst score (WORMS) and hemosiderin presence were compared between haemophilic and osteoarthritic knees, matched for the degree of arthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence score). Cystic iron accumulation, vascular remodelling and macrophage cell counts were also compared by immunohistochemistry in explanted joint tissues. In haemophilic knees, cyst number and extent of hemosiderin deposition were correlated with haemophilia joint health scores (HJHS). RESULTS Cystic hemosiderin was detected in 78% of haemophilic joints. Cyst score and presence of hemosiderin were significantly higher in haemophilic compared to osteoarthritic knees. Cyst score and presence of hemosiderin strongly correlated with HJHS. Moreover, iron deposition and vascular remodelling were significantly more pronounced within cysts in haemophilic compared to osteoarthritic knees, with similar total cell and macrophage count. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the presence of subchondral bleeding in haemophilia, contributing to poor joint health outcomes. Observations of bleeding into osseous structures are novel and should inform investigations of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Y Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Haematology/Oncology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jonathan H Wong
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Zachary T Berman
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Alecio F Lombardi
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Annette von Drygalski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Haematology/Oncology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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23
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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and devastating disease characterized by pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling leading to vascular rarefaction with elevation of pulmonary arterial pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance. Often PAH will cause death from right heart failure. Current PAH-targeted therapies improve functional capacity, pulmonary hemodynamics and reduce hospitalization. Nevertheless, today PAH still remains incurable and is often refractory to medical therapy, underscoring the need for further research. Over the last three decades, PAH has evolved from a disease of unknown pathogenesis devoid of effective therapy to a condition whose cellular, genetic and molecular underpinnings are unfolding. This article provides an update on current knowledge and summarizes the progression in recent advances in pharmacological therapy in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Zolty
- Pulmonary Hypertension Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lied Transplant Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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24
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Akhter Z, Nuruddin R, Azam I, Malik A, Mohammed N. Influence of intrauterine growth status on aortic intima-media thickness and aortic diameter in near-term fetuses: a comparative cross-sectional study. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021;:1-8. [PMID: 34127175 DOI: 10.1017/S2040174421000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine undernutrition may lead to fetal vascular programming. We compared abdominal aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT) and aortic diameter (aD) between appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and growth-restricted fetuses (GRF). We recruited 136 singleton fetuses at 34-37 weeks of gestation from Fetal Medicine Unit of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi (January-November 2017). Subjects were classified as AGA (n = 102) and GRF (n = 34) using INTER-GROWTH 21st growth reference and standard ultrasound protocol. Their far- and near-wall aIMT and aD were compared after adjustment of maternal age, first-trimester body mass index, fetal gender, hypertension and hyperglycemia in pregnancy. As the severity of growth restriction increased in GRF, aIMT and aD showed an increasing and a decreasing trend, respectively. Both far- and near-wall aIMT in GRF [(adj. β = 0.082, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.042-0.123) and (adj. β = 0.049, 95% CI 0.010-0.089)] were significantly greater with reference to AGA fetuses. GRF subgroup analysis into small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses and intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) revealed highly significant difference between AGA and IUGR for far (0.142 mm, P-value < 0.001) and near-wall aIMT (0.115 mm, P-value < 0.001) and marginally significant aD difference (0.51 mm, P-value 0.05). These findings suggest that the extent of fetal aortic remodelling is influenced by the severity of growth restriction. Hence, the targeted interventions for the cardiovascular health promotion of IUGR and SGA born neonates are desirable during early childhood, particularly in set ups with high prevalence of low birth weight babies.
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25
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Zhou Q, Perovic T, Fechner I, Edgar LT, Hoskins PR, Gerhardt H, Krüger T, Bernabeu MO. Association between erythrocyte dynamics and vessel remodelling in developmental vascular networks. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210113. [PMID: 34157895 PMCID: PMC8220266 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis is an essential vascularization mechanism consisting of sprouting and remodelling. The remodelling phase is driven by rearrangements of endothelial cells (ECs) within the post-sprouting vascular plexus. Prior work has uncovered how ECs polarize and migrate in response to flow-induced wall shear stress (WSS). However, the question of how the presence of erythrocytes (widely known as red blood cells (RBCs)) and their impact on haemodynamics affect vascular remodelling remains unanswered. Here, we devise a computational framework to model cellular blood flow in developmental mouse retina. We demonstrate a previously unreported highly heterogeneous distribution of RBCs in primitive vasculature. Furthermore, we report a strong association between vessel regression and RBC hypoperfusion, and identify plasma skimming as the driving mechanism. Live imaging in a developmental zebrafish model confirms this association. Taken together, our results indicate that RBC dynamics are fundamental to establishing the regional WSS differences driving vascular remodelling via their ability to modulate effective viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- School of Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tijana Perovic
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ines Fechner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lowell T. Edgar
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter R. Hoskins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Timm Krüger
- School of Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Miguel O. Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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26
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Augestad IL, Dekens D, Karampatsi D, Elabi O, Zabala A, Pintana H, Larsson M, Nyström T, Paul G, Darsalia V, Patrone C. Normalisation of glucose metabolism by exendin-4 in the chronic phase after stroke promotes functional recovery in male diabetic mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:677-694. [PMID: 33973246 PMCID: PMC8820185 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation decreases stroke risk in people with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), while animal studies have shown the efficacy of this strategy to counteract stroke-induced acute brain damage. However, whether GLP-1 receptor activation also improves recovery in the chronic phase after stroke is unknown. We investigated whether post-acute, chronic administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4, improves post-stroke recovery and examined possible underlying mechanisms in T2D and non-T2D mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We induced stroke via transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in T2D/obese mice (8 months of high-fat diet) and age-matched controls. Exendin-4 was administered for 8 weeks from Day 3 post-tMCAO. We assessed functional recovery by weekly upper-limb grip strength tests. Insulin sensitivity and glycaemia were evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks post-tMCAO. Neuronal survival, stroke-induced neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, atrophy of GABAergic parvalbumin+ interneurons, post-stroke vascular remodelling and fibrotic scar formation were investigated by immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS Exendin-4 normalised T2D-induced impairment of forepaw grip strength recovery in correlation with normalised glycaemia and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, exendin-4 counteracted T2D-induced atrophy of parvalbumin+ interneurons and decreased microglia activation. Finally, exendin-4 normalised density and pericyte coverage of micro-vessels and restored fibrotic scar formation in T2D mice. In non-T2D mice, the exendin-4-mediated recovery was minor. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Chronic GLP-1 receptor activation mediates post-stroke functional recovery in T2D mice by normalising glucose metabolism and improving neuroplasticity and vascular remodelling in the recovery phase. The results warrant clinical trial of GLP-1 receptor agonists for rehabilitation after stroke in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lovise Augestad
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Doortje Dekens
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitra Karampatsi
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Osama Elabi
- Translational Neurology Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Zabala
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hiranya Pintana
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Larsson
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nyström
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gesine Paul
- Translational Neurology Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vladimer Darsalia
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cesare Patrone
- NeuroCardioMetabol Group, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Maes L, Cloet AS, Fourneau I, Famaey N. A homogenized constrained mixture model of restenosis and vascular remodelling after balloon angioplasty. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210068. [PMID: 33947223 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Restenosis is one of the main adverse effects of the treatment of atherosclerosis through balloon angioplasty or stenting. During the intervention, the arterial wall is overstretched, causing a cascade of cellular events and subsequent neointima formation. This mechanical stimulus and its mechanobiological effects can be reproduced in biomechanical simulations. The aim of these models is to predict the long-term outcome of these procedures, to help increase the understanding of restenosis formation and to allow for in silico optimization of the treatment. We propose a predictive finite-element model of restenosis, using the homogenized constrained mixture modelling framework designed to model growth and remodelling in soft tissues. We compare the results with clinical observations in human coronary arteries and experimental findings in non-human primate models. We also explore the model's clinical relevance by testing its response to different balloon loads and to the use of drug-eluting balloons. The comparison of the results with experimental data shows the relevance of the model. We show its ability to predict both inward and outward remodelling as observed in vivo and we show the importance of an improved understanding of restenosis formation from a biomechanical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauranne Maes
- Biomechanics Section, Mechanical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - An-Sofie Cloet
- Biomechanics Section, Mechanical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Fourneau
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Famaey
- Biomechanics Section, Mechanical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Shawer H, Norman K, Cheng CW, Foster R, Beech DJ, Bailey MA. ORAI1 Ca 2+ Channel as a Therapeutic Target in Pathological Vascular Remodelling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653812. [PMID: 33937254 PMCID: PMC8083964 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are normally physiologically quiescent, arranged circumferentially in one or more layers within blood vessel walls. Remodelling of native VSMC to a proliferative state for vascular development, adaptation or repair is driven by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). A key effector downstream of PDGF receptors is store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) mediated through the plasma membrane calcium ion channel, ORAI1, which is activated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium store sensor, stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1). This SOCE was shown to play fundamental roles in the pathological remodelling of VSMC. Exciting transgenic lineage-tracing studies have revealed that the contribution of the phenotypically-modulated VSMC in atherosclerotic plaque formation is more significant than previously appreciated, and growing evidence supports the relevance of ORAI1 signalling in this pathologic remodelling. ORAI1 has also emerged as an attractive potential therapeutic target as it is accessible to extracellular compound inhibition. This is further supported by the progression of several ORAI1 inhibitors into clinical trials. Here we discuss the current knowledge of ORAI1-mediated signalling in pathologic vascular remodelling, particularly in the settings of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neointimal hyperplasia, and the recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms by which ORAI1 coordinates VSMC phenotypic remodelling, through the activation of key transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT). In addition, we discuss advances in therapeutic strategies aimed at the ORAI1 target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Shawer
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Norman
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chew W Cheng
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Foster
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Marc A Bailey
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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29
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Xu X, Feng H, Dai C, Lu W, Zhang J, Guo X, Yin Q, Wang J, Cui X, Jiang F. Therapeutic efficacy of the novel selective RNA polymerase I inhibitor CX-5461 on pulmonary arterial hypertension and associated vascular remodelling. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1605-1619. [PMID: 33486761 PMCID: PMC9328314 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose CX‐5461 is a novel selective RNA polymerase I (Pol I) inhibitor. Previously, we found that CX‐5461 could inhibit pathological arterial remodelling caused by angioplasty and transplantation. In the present study, we explored the pharmacological effects of CX‐5461 on experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and PAH‐associated vascular remodelling. Experimental Approach PAH was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by monocrotaline or Sugen/hypoxia. Key Results We demonstrated that CX‐5461 was well tolerated for in vivo treatments. CX‐5461 prevented the development of pulmonary arterial remodelling, perivascular inflammation, pulmonary hypertension, and improved survival. More importantly, CX‐5461 partly reversed established pulmonary hypertension. In vitro, CX‐5461 induced cell cycle arrest in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. The beneficial effects of CX‐5461 in vivo and in vitro were associated with increased activation (phosphorylation) of p53. Conclusion and Implications Our results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of Pol I may be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat otherwise drug‐resistant PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Department of Geriatrics & Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chaochao Dai
- Department of Geriatrics & Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weida Lu
- Department of Geriatrics & Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaosun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qihui Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaopei Cui
- Department of Geriatrics & Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics & Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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30
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Edwards JM, Roy S, Galla SL, Tomcho JC, Bearss NR, Waigi EW, Mell B, Cheng X, Saha P, Vijay-Kumar M, McCarthy CG, Joe B, Wenceslau CF. FPR-1 (Formyl Peptide Receptor-1) Activation Promotes Spontaneous, Premature Hypertension in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Hypertension 2021; 77:1191-1202. [PMID: 33641367 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonnelle M Edwards
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Shaunak Roy
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sarah L Galla
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jeremy C Tomcho
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Nicole R Bearss
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Emily W Waigi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Blair Mell
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Xi Cheng
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Piu Saha
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Cameron G McCarthy
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Bina Joe
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Camilla F Wenceslau
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
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31
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Bolha L, Pižem J, Frank-Bertoncelj M, Hočevar A, Tomšič M, Jurčić V. Identification of microRNAs and their target gene networks implicated in arterial wall remodelling in giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:3540-3552. [PMID: 32594153 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) and their gene targets in temporal arteries from GCA patients, and determine their association with GCA pathogenesis and related arterial wall remodelling. METHODS We included 93 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded temporal artery biopsies (TABs) from treatment-naïve patients: 54 positive and 17 negative TABs from clinically proven GCA patients, and 22 negative TABs from non-GCA patients. miRNA expression analysis was performed with miRCURY LNA miRNome Human PCR Panels and quantitative real-time PCR. miRNA target gene prediction and pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the miRDB and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) databases, respectively. RESULTS Dysregulation of 356 miRNAs was determined in TAB-positive GCA arteries, among which 78 were significantly under-expressed and 22 significantly overexpressed above 2-fold, when compared with non-GCA controls. Specifically, TAB-positive GCA arteries were characterized by a significant overexpression of 'pro-synthetic' (miR-21-3p/-21-5p/-146a-5p/-146b-5p/-424-5p) and under-expression of 'pro-contractile' (miR-23b-3p/-125a-5p/-143-3p/-143-5p/-145-3p/-145-5p/-195-5p/-365a-3p) vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype-associated regulatory miRNAs. These miRNAs targeted gene pathways involved in the arterial remodelling and regulation of the immune system, and their expression correlated with the extent of intimal hyperplasia in TABs from GCA patients. Notably, the expression of miR-21-3p/-21-5p/-146a-5p/-146b-5p/-365a-3p differentiated between TAB-negative GCA arteries and non-GCA temporal arteries, revealing these miRNAs as potential biomarkers of GCA. CONCLUSION Identification of dysregulated miRNAs involved in the regulation of the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and intimal hyperplasia in GCA arterial lesions, and detection of their expression profiles, enables a novel insight into the complexity of GCA pathogenesis and implies their potential utilization as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Bolha
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Pižem
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Frank-Bertoncelj
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alojzija Hočevar
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Tomšič
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Jurčić
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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32
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Zhang W, Wang Q, Xing X, Yang L, Xu M, Cao C, Wang R, Li W, Niu X, Gao D. The antagonistic effects and mechanisms of microRNA-26a action in hypertensive vascular remodelling. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1037-1054. [PMID: 33305374 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypertensive vascular remodelling is responsible for end-organ damage and is the result of increased extracellular matrix accumulation and excessive vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. MicroRNA-26a (miR-26a), a non-coding small RNA, is involved in several cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to validate the effect and mechanisms of miR-26a in hypertensive vascular remodelling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were injected intravenously with recombinant adeno-associated virus-miR-26a. Samples of thoracic aorta were examined histologically with H&E staining. In vitro, angiotensin II (AngII)-induced VSMCs cultured from thoracic aortae of female Sprague-Dawley rats, were transfected with miR-26a mimic or inhibitor. Western blots, qRT-PCR and immunohistological methods were used, along with chromatin-immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Specific siRNAs were used to silence Smad production in VSMCs KEY RESULTS: Levels of miR-26a were lower in the thoracic aorta and plasma of SHRs than in WKY rats. Overexpression of miR-26a inhibited extracellular matrix deposition by targeting connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and decreased VSMC proliferation by regulating the enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2)/p21 pathway both in vitro and in vivo. AngII-mediated Smad3 activation suppressed miR-26a expression, which in turn promoted Smad3 activation via targeted regulation of Smad4, leading to further down-regulation of miR-26a. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our data show that AngII stimulated a Smads/miR-26a positive feedback loop, which further reduced expression of miR-26a, leading to collagen production and VSMC proliferation and consequently vascular remodelling. MiR-26a has an antagonistic effect on hypertensive vascular remodelling and can be a strategy for treating hypertensive vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Qiaozhu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Weicheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Niu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, Meishan Branch of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Yanan University School of Medical, Meishan, P.R. China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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Revercomb L, Hanmandlu A, Wareing N, Akkanti B, Karmouty-Quintana H. Mechanisms of Pulmonary Hypertension in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:624093. [PMID: 33537342 PMCID: PMC7848216 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.624093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe and often fatal disease. The causes that lead to ARDS are multiple and include inhalation of salt water, smoke particles, or as a result of damage caused by respiratory viruses. ARDS can also arise due to systemic complications such as blood transfusions, sepsis, or pancreatitis. Unfortunately, despite a high mortality rate of 40%, there are limited treatment options available for ARDS outside of last resort options such as mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal support strategies. Aim of review: A complication of ARDS is the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH); however, the mechanisms that lead to PH in ARDS are not fully understood. In this review, we summarize the known mechanisms that promote PH in ARDS. Key scientific concepts of review: (1) Provide an overview of acute respiratory distress syndrome; (2) delineate the mechanisms that contribute to the development of PH in ARDS; (3) address the implications of PH in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Revercomb
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ankit Hanmandlu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nancy Wareing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bindu Akkanti
- Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Kakaraparthi A, Godwin Potnuri A, Allakonda L. Beta 1 adrenoceptor blockade promotes angiogenesis in hypertrophied myocardium of transverse aortic constricted mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:121-128. [PMID: 32750731 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an adaptive structural remodelling consequent to uncontrolled blood pressure. Impaired angiogenesis plays a vital role in transiting LVH into cardiac failure. Catecholamines modulate myocardial function through beta adrenoceptors, and their blockers (β-AR) reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality by decelerating the LVH progression. Nonetheless, the effect of β-AR blockers on myocardial vascular bed remains largely obscure. Hence, this study is focussed on analysing the possible outcomes of β-AR blockers on myocardial vascular remodelling using a surgically induced LVH mice model. Transverse aortic constricted mice and sham-operated mice were administered with metoprolol at a dose of 30 mg/kg/d for 60 days and myocardial vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) alpha levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, myocardial protein carbonyl content, hypertrophy index and global myocardial function, trans-aortic fluid dynamics and expression pattern of angiopoietin-1 and VEGF alpha were assessed. These findings were further confirmed by histochemical analysis for myocardial capillary density, perivascular fibrosis ratio and intimal thickening. Sub- chronic β-AR blockade reduced the oxidative stress, hypertrophic index, intimal thickening and perivascular fibrosis ratio. A marked increase in myocardial VEGF, angiopoietin 1, global myocardial function and myocardial capillary density was also observed. There was a reduction in the LVH and upregulation of myocardial angiogenesis concluding that β-AR blockers prevent adverse vascular remodelling which might underlie its concealed mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Kakaraparthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Dhoolapally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ajay Godwin Potnuri
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Genome Valley, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lingesh Allakonda
- Department of Pharmacology, G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehadipatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Eroglu E, Kocyiğit I, Karakukcu C, Tuncay A, Zararsiz G, Eren D, Kahriman G, Hayri Sipahioglu M, Tokgoz B, Tasdemir K, Oymak O. Hypoxia-inducible factors in arteriovenous fistula maturation: A prospective cohort study. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13350. [PMID: 32652532 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neointimal hyperplasia is the main cause of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) factors are associated with neointimal hyperplasia. Thus, we investigated the association between HIF-2 alpha (HIF-2α) and AVF maturation in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted in 21 voluntary healthy subjects and 50 patients with ESKD who were eligible for AVF creation. Inclusion criteria were being ESKD patients without a history of AVF surgery and dialysis. Eight patients excluded from the study due to having unavailable veins six patients were excluded due to acute thrombosis after surgery. One patient lost to follow-up. A total of 35 patients were included in final analysis. The blood samples were collected a day before the AVF surgery for biochemical parameters and HIF-2α measurement. HIF-2α levels were measured by the ELISA method. RESULTS Compared with healthy subjects, ESKD patients had a significantly higher level of HIF-2α. [1.3 (1.0-1.9) vs 2.2 (1.6-3.0)] (P = .002). Patients were divided into two groups after the evaluation of AVF maturation, as the mature group (n = 19) and the failure group (n = 16). Serum HIF-2α level was 1.7 (1.1-1.8) in the mature group; however, it was 3.1 (2.8-3.3 in failure group (P < .001). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that HIF-2α independently predicted AVF maturation. The ROC curve analysis showed that HIF-2α > 2.65 predicted AVF maturation failure with the 87% sensitivity and 94% specificity [AUC:0.947, 95% CI (0.815-0.994), P < .001]. CONCLUSIONS HIF-2-α levels were higher in ESKD patients than healthy subjects. HIF-2-α could be a marker of AVF maturation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eray Eroglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.,Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ismail Kocyiğit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Karakukcu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aydin Tuncay
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokmen Zararsiz
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Personalized Health Care, Munich, Germany
| | - Davut Eren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Guven Kahriman
- Department of Radiology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Murat Hayri Sipahioglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Bulent Tokgoz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kutay Tasdemir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Oktay Oymak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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Dritsoula A, Kislikova M, Oomatia A, Webster AP, Beck S, Ponticos M, Lindsey B, Norman J, Wheeler DC, Oates T, Caplin B. "Epigenome-wide methylation profile of chronic kidney disease-derived arterial DNA uncovers novel pathways in disease-associated cardiovascular pathology.". Epigenetics 2020; 16:718-728. [PMID: 32930636 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1819666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) related cardiovascular disease (CVD) is characterized by vascular remodelling with well-established structural and functional changes in the vascular wall such as arterial stiffness, matrix deposition, and calcification. These phenotypic changes resemble pathology seen in ageing, and are likely to be mediated by sustained alterations in gene expression, which may be caused by epigenetic changes such as tissue-specific DNA methylation. We aimed to investigate tissue specific changes in DNA methylation that occur in CKD-related CVD. Genome-wide DNA methylation changes were examined in bisulphite converted genomic DNA isolated from the vascular media of CKD and healthy arteries. Methylation-specific PCR was used to validate the array data, and the association between DNA methylation and gene and protein expression was examined. The DNA methylation age was compared to the chronological age in both cases and controls. Three hundred and nineteen differentially methylated regions (DMR) were identified spread across the genome. Pathway analysis revealed that DMRs associated with genes were involved in embryonic and vascular development, and signalling pathways such as TGFβ and FGF. Expression of top differentially methylated gene HOXA5 showed a significant negative correlation with DNA methylation. Interestingly, DNA methylation age and chronological age were highly correlated, but there was no evidence of accelerated age-related DNA methylation in the arteries of CKD patients. In conclusion, we demonstrated that differential DNA methylation in the arterial tissue of CKD patients represents a potential mediator of arterial pathology and may be used to uncover novel pathways in the genesis of CKD-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Dritsoula
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Maria Kislikova
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Amin Oomatia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Amy P Webster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - Stephan Beck
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - Markella Ponticos
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Ben Lindsey
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Jill Norman
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - David C Wheeler
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Thomas Oates
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK.,Departments of Nephrology and General Medicine, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ben Caplin
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
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Gassmann M, Cowburn A, Gu H, Li J, Rodriguez M, Babicheva A, Jain PP, Xiong M, Gassmann NN, Yuan JXJ, Wilkins MR, Zhao L. Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension-Utilizing experiments of nature. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:121-131. [PMID: 32464698 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in pulmonary artery pressure is a common observation in adult mammals exposed to global alveolar hypoxia. It is considered a maladaptive response that places an increased workload on the right ventricle. The mechanisms initiating and maintaining the elevated pressure are of considerable interest in understanding pulmonary vascular homeostasis. There is an expectation that identifying the key molecules in the integrated vascular response to hypoxia will inform potential drug targets. One strategy is to take advantage of experiments of nature, specifically, to understand the genetic basis for the inter-individual variation in the pulmonary vascular response to acute and chronic hypoxia. To date, detailed phenotyping of highlanders has focused on haematocrit and oxygen saturation rather than cardiovascular phenotypes. This review explores what we can learn from those studies with respect to the pulmonary circulation. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima, Peru
| | - Andrew Cowburn
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hong Gu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Heart Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Norina N Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lan Zhao
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Corrêa JWDN, Prado CM, Riul ME, Araújo AV, Rossi MA, Bendhack LM. Reversion of cardio vascular remodelling in renovascular hypertensive 2K-1C rats by renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1965-1977. [PMID: 32688435 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate whether the RAS dual blockade would induce additional beneficial effects on cardiovascular remodelling when compared to monotherapy in renal hypertensive two kidneys-one clip (2K-1C) rats. METHODS Hypertensive 2K-1C and normotensive (2K) rats were treated for 14 days with submaximal doses of losartan (LOS), enalapril (ENA), losartan plus enalapril (LOS + ENA) or vehicle (water). Blood pressure and some parameters of cardiovascular remodelling were evaluated. RESULTS Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher in 2K-1C (209 ± 3 mm Hg, P < .05) than in 2K (113 ± 1 mm Hg) rats. There was an additional effect in 2K-1C treated with LOS + ENA (153 ± 9 mm Hg) on lowering SBP when compared to LOS (184 ± 12 mm Hg) or ENA (177 ± 9 mm Hg). None of the treatments had effect on SBP in 2K rats. In 2K-1C, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was reduced by all treatments, although the cardiac hypertrophy indexes remained unchanged. 2K-1C aortas presented medial thickening that was partially reduced by the treatments. Intimal hyperplasia observed in 2K-1C (15.56 ± 0.89 µm vs 8.24 ± 0.80 µm) was reversed by ENA (9.52 ± 0.45 µm) or LOS + ENA (8.17 ± 0.53 µm). Collagen deposition was increased in 2K-1C hearts (1.77 ± 0.16 vs 1.28 ± 0.09) and aortas (8.1 ± 0.6 vs 5.2 ± 0.2). Treatment with LOS reduced (1.12 ± 0.14%) and ENA (0.81 ± 0.11%) or LOS + ENA (0.86 ± 0.11%) additionally diminished collagen only in 2K-1C hearts. CONCLUSIONS Submaximal doses of ACEi and/or ARB have inhibitory actions on cardiac remodelling and vascular hypertrophy not entirely dependent on their effects on blood pressure normalization in renovascular hypertensive rats. Combined therapy produced additional reduction in blood pressure than monotherapy despite a similar inhibition on cardiovascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cibele Maria Prado
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Riul
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alice Valença Araújo
- Nucleus of Public Health, Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Rossi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lusiane Maria Bendhack
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Fonseca CG, Barbacena P, Franco CA. Endothelial cells on the move: dynamics in vascular morphogenesis and disease. Vasc Biol 2020; 2:H29-H43. [PMID: 32935077 PMCID: PMC7487603 DOI: 10.1530/vb-20-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vascular system is a hierarchically organized network of blood vessels that play crucial roles in embryogenesis, homeostasis and disease. Blood vessels are built by endothelial cells – the cells lining the interior of blood vessels – through a process named vascular morphogenesis. Endothelial cells react to different biomechanical signals in their environment by adjusting their behavior to: (1) invade, proliferate and fuse to form new vessels (angiogenesis); (2) remodel, regress and establish a hierarchy in the network (patterning); and (3) maintain network stability (quiescence). Each step involves the coordination of endothelial cell differentiation, proliferation, polarity, migration, rearrangements and shape changes to ensure network integrity and an efficient barrier between blood and tissues. In this review, we highlighted the relevance and the mechanisms involving endothelial cell migration during different steps of vascular morphogenesis. We further present evidence on how impaired endothelial cell dynamics can contribute to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina G Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barbacena
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Claudio A Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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40
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Patil MS, Cartland SP, Kavurma MM. TRAIL signals, extracellular matrix and vessel remodelling. Vasc Biol 2020; 2:R73-R84. [PMID: 32923976 PMCID: PMC7439926 DOI: 10.1530/vb-20-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential part of the vasculature, not only providing structural support to the blood vessel wall, but also in its ability to interact with cells to regulate cell phenotype and function including proliferation, migration, differentiation and death – processes important in vascular remodelling. Increasing evidence implicates TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) signalling in the modulation of vascular cell function and remodelling under normal and pathological conditions such as in atherosclerosis. TRAIL can also stimulate synthesis of multiple ECM components within blood vessels. This review explores the relationship between TRAIL signals, the ECM, and its implications in vessel remodelling in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha S Patil
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Siân P Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary M Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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41
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Torlasco C, D'Silva A, Bhuva AN, Faini A, Augusto JB, Knott KD, Benedetti G, Jones S, Zalen JV, Scully P, Lobascio I, Parati G, Lloyd G, Hughes AD, Manisty CH, Sharma S, Moon JC. Age matters: differences in exercise-induced cardio vascular remodelling in young and middle aged healthy sedentary individuals. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 28:738-746. [PMID: 34247225 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320926305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Remodelling of the cardiovascular system (including heart and vasculature) is a dynamic process influenced by multiple physiological and pathological factors. We sought to understand whether remodelling in response to a stimulus, exercise training, altered with healthy ageing. METHODS A total of 237 untrained healthy male and female subjects volunteering for their first time marathon were recruited. At baseline and after 6 months of unsupervised training, race completers underwent tests including 1.5T cardiac magnetic resonance, brachial and non-invasive central blood pressure assessment. For analysis, runners were divided by age into under or over 35 years (U35, O35). RESULTS Injury and completion rates were similar among the groups; 138 runners (U35: n = 71, women 49%; O35: n = 67, women 51%) completed the race. On average, U35 were faster by 37 minutes (12%). Training induced a small increase in left ventricular mass in both groups (3 g/m2, P < 0.001), but U35 also increased ventricular cavity sizes (left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV)i +3%; left ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV)i +8%; right ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV)i +4%; right ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV)i +5%; P < 0.01 for all). Systemic aortic compliance fell in the whole sample by 7% (P = 0.020) and, especially in O35, also systemic vascular resistance (-4% in the whole sample, P = 0.04) and blood pressure (systolic/diastolic, whole sample: brachial -4/-3 mmHg, central -4/-2 mmHg, all P < 0.001; O35: brachial -6/-3 mmHg, central -6/-4 mmHg, all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Medium-term, unsupervised physical training in healthy sedentary individuals induces measurable remodelling of both heart and vasculature. This amount is age dependent, with predominant cardiac remodelling when younger and predominantly vascular remodelling when older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Torlasco
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Andrew D'Silva
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St George's University of London, UK
| | - Anish N Bhuva
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, UK
| | - Andrea Faini
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy
| | - Joao B Augusto
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, UK
| | - Kristopher D Knott
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, UK
| | | | - Siana Jones
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Jet Van Zalen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Paul Scully
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, UK
| | | | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Guy Lloyd
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Alun D Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK.,MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, UK
| | - Charlotte H Manisty
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, UK
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St George's University of London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, UK
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De Cunto G, Cavarra E, Bartalesi B, Lucattelli M, Lungarella G. Innate Immunity and Cell Surface Receptors in the Pathogenesis of COPD: Insights from Mouse Smoking Models. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:1143-1154. [PMID: 32547002 PMCID: PMC7246326 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s246219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly associated with smoking habit. Inflammation is the major initiating process whereby neutrophils and monocytes are attracted into the lung microenvironment by external stimuli present in tobacco leaves and in cigarette smoke, which promote chemotaxis, adhesion, phagocytosis, release of superoxide anions and enzyme granule contents. A minority of smokers develops COPD and different molecular factors, which contribute to the onset of the disease, have been put forward. After many years of research, the pathogenesis of COPD is still an object of debate. In vivo models of cigarette smoke-induced COPD may help to unravel cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of COPD. The mouse represents the most favored animal choice with regard to the study of immune mechanisms due to its genetic and physiological similarities to humans, the availability of a large variability of inbred strains, the presence in the species of several genetic disorders analogous to those in man, and finally on the possibility to create models “made-to-measure” by genetic manipulation. The review outlines the different response of mouse strains to cigarette smoke used in COPD studies while retaining a strong focus on their relatability to human patients. These studies reveal the importance of innate immunity and cell surface receptors in the pathogenesis of pulmonary injury induced by cigarette smoking. They further advance the way in which we use wild type or genetically manipulated strains to improve our overall understanding of a multifaceted disease such as COPD. The structural and functional features, which have been found in the different strains of mice after chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, can be used in preclinical studies to develop effective new therapeutic agents for the different phenotypes in human COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna De Cunto
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cavarra
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara Bartalesi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Lucattelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lungarella
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Yuan H, Wang D, Zhang Y, Geng J. Atorvastatin attenuates vascular remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats via the protein kinase D/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1429-1438. [PMID: 32259311 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine whether atorvastatin reduces hypertension-induced vascular remodelling and whether its effects involve protein kinase D (PKD) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). We used 16-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The blood pressure and serum lipid concentration were measured. Changes in the vascular morphology and histology were examined using H&E, Masson' s trichrome, and Sirius Red staining. The media thickness (MT), ratio of MT to lumen diameter (LD) (MT/LD), collagen volume fraction (CVF) and hydroxyproline content were measured to evaluate vascular remodelling. Atorvastatin (50 mg/kg/day) was administered for 8 weeks. Increased blood pressure and vascular remodelling were more prominent in SHRs than in WKY rats. SHRs also had elevated PKD and ERK5 activation. The systolic blood pressure, MT/LD ratio, and hydroxyproline content were positively correlated with the activation level of PKD and ERK5 in SHRs. Atorvastatin significantly attenuated the activation of PKD and ERK5. Overall, this study demonstrated that atorvastatin could reverse vascular remodelling in SHRs. The PKD/ERK5 signalling pathway might be important for elucidating the beneficial pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin on vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Deyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Abd Allah ESH, Ahmed MA, Makboul R, Abd El-Rahman MA. Effects of hydrogen sulphide on oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and vascular remodelling in l-NAME-induced hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:650-659. [PMID: 31868952 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) against NG-Nitro l-Arginine Methyl Ester (l-NAME)-induced hypertension and its possible effects on the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and vascular remodelling in rats. Forty male Wistar Albino rats were assigned to four equal groups: the control group, the H2 S control group, the hypertensive group, and the treated group, which received concomitant treatment with sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) and l-NAME. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly. Serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), total peroxide, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Aortic weight and length were measured and the aortic weight/length ratio determined. Aortic fold expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) mRNA was measured using qPCR. Aortic media thickness and elastin content were measured morphometrically. l-NAME administration increased SBP, serum levels of total peroxide and OSI, but reduced serum levels of NO and TAC. Aortic fold expression of IFN-γ and VCAM-1 mRNA, aortic weight, aortic weight/length ratio, aortic media thickness, and elastin area percentage were increased in the hypertensive group. Concurrent administration of l-NAME and H2 S attenuated these changes. Thus, H2 S could attenuate the increase in ABP through restoration of the NO level, reduction in the oxidative state, and attenuation of the inflammatory process, thereby reduced vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S H Abd Allah
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ahmed
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rania Makboul
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona A Abd El-Rahman
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Sanchez-Bezanilla S, Åberg ND, Crock P, Walker FR, Nilsson M, Isgaard J, Ong LK. Growth Hormone Promotes Motor Function after Experimental Stroke and Enhances Recovery-Promoting Mechanisms within the Peri-Infarct Area. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E606. [PMID: 31963456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor impairment is the most common and widely recognised clinical outcome after stroke. Current clinical practice in stroke rehabilitation focuses mainly on physical therapy, with no pharmacological intervention approved to facilitate functional recovery. Several studies have documented positive effects of growth hormone (GH) on cognitive function after stroke, but surprisingly, the effects on motor function remain unclear. In this study, photothrombotic occlusion targeting the motor and sensory cortex was induced in adult male mice. Two days post-stroke, mice were administered with recombinant human GH or saline, continuing for 28 days, followed by evaluation of motor function. Three days after initiation of the treatment, bromodeoxyuridine was administered for subsequent assessment of cell proliferation. Known neurorestorative processes within the peri-infarct area were evaluated by histological and biochemical analyses at 30 days post-stroke. This study demonstrated that GH treatment improves motor function after stroke by 50%–60%, as assessed using the cylinder and grid walk tests. Furthermore, the observed functional improvements occurred in parallel with a reduction in brain tissue loss, as well as increased cell proliferation, neurogenesis, increased synaptic plasticity and angiogenesis within the peri-infarct area. These findings provide new evidence about the potential therapeutic effects of GH in stroke recovery.
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46
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Bisserier M, Janostiak R, Lezoualc'h F, Hadri L. Targeting epigenetic mechanisms as an emerging therapeutic strategy in pulmonary hypertension disease. Vasc Biol 2020; 2:R17-R34. [PMID: 32161845 PMCID: PMC7065685 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multifactorial cardiopulmonary disease characterized by an elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which can lead to right ventricular (RV) failure, multi-organ dysfunction, and ultimately to premature death. Despite the advances in molecular biology, the mechanisms underlying pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain unclear. Nowadays, there is no curative treatment for treating PH. Therefore, it is crucial to identify novel, specific therapeutic targets and to offer more effective treatments against the progression of PH. Increasing amounts of evidence suggest that epigenetic modification may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of PAH. In the presented paper, we provide an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms specifically, DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, and ncRNAs. As the recent identification of new pharmacological drugs targeting these epigenetic mechanisms has opened new therapeutic avenues, we also discuss the importance of epigenetic-based therapies in the context of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bisserier
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Radoslav Janostiak
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Metaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, University of Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Bestavashvili AA, Bestavashvili AA, Saidova AI, Shchekochikhin DI, Kopylov FI, Syrkin AL. [Vascular age in patients with arterial hypertension]. Angiol Sosud Khir 2020; 26:10-16. [PMID: 32597880 DOI: 10.33529/angi02020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is considered to be the major and non-modifiable risk factor for the development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. During ageing, the vascular system undergoes structural and functional alterations, including endothelial dysfunction, thickening of the vascular wall, reduced distensibility and increased arterial stiffness. Vascular rigidity results from fibrosis and remodelling of the extracellular matrix, processes that are associated with ageing and are amplified in hypertension. These events may be induced by vasoactive agents, such as angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and aldosterone, which are increased in the vasculature during aging and hypertension. Complex interaction between the process of ageing and prohypertensive factors results in accelerated vascular remodelling and fibrosis, as well as increased arterial stiffness. Hypertension accelerates and augments age-related vascular remodelling and dysfunction, and ageing may impact on the severity of vascular damage in hypertension, thus strongly suggesting close interactions between biological ageing and blood pressure elevation. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying vascular alterations in ageing and hypertension are common and include aberrant signal transduction, oxidative stress and activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic transcription factors. Strategies to suppress age-associated vascular changes can ameliorate vascular damage associated with hypertension. This article looks into vascular alterations occurring during ageing and hypertension, focussing particularly on arterial stiffness and vascular remodelling, also emphasizing the importance of diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Af A Bestavashvili
- Department of Cardiology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnosis, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Al A Bestavashvili
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Saidova
- Department of Cardiology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnosis, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Iu Shchekochikhin
- Department of Cardiology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnosis, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - F Iu Kopylov
- Department of Cardiology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnosis, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A L Syrkin
- Department of Cardiology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnosis, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Wang Y, Li X, Huang X, Ma S, Xing Y, Geng X, He X. Sauchinone inhibits angiotensin II-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:220-226. [PMID: 31587339 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common type of cardiovascular disease that remains a major cause of death in the world. Vascular remodelling is an important complication of hypertension, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a major role in vascular remodelling. Sauchinone is one of the active lignins which has been found to possess vascular protective effects. However, the functional role of sauchinone in hypertension has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of sauchinone in the angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular remodelling model in VSMCs. The results showed that treatment of sauchinone inhibited Ang II-induced VSMCs proliferation and migration in VSMCs. Sauchinone treatment suppressed the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity in Ang II-induced VSMCs. The inhibitory effects of Ang II on expressions of VSMCs phenotype markers including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), calponin, osteopontin were mitigated by sauchinone treatment. Furthermore, sauchinone inhibited Ang II-induced over-activation of TGF-β1/Smad3 signalling pathway in VSMCs. Taken together, this study identified sauchinone as a potential agent for preventing vascular remodelling in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuying Huang
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sirui Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Department of Ultrasound, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Geng
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu He
- Department of Cardiology, Yulin No.2 Hospital, Shaanxi, China
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Wei J, Xu L, Du YN, Tang XF, Ye MQ, Wu YJ, Han WQ, Gao PJ. Membrane raft redox signalling contributes to endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling of thoracic aorta in angiotensin II-infused rats. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:946-956. [PMID: 30924217 DOI: 10.1113/ep087335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Is the membrane raft redox signalling pathway involved in blood pressure increase, endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling in an angiotensin II-induced hypertensive animal model? What is the main finding and its importance? The membrane raft redox signalling pathway was involved in endothelial dysfunction and medial remodelling in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. ABSTRACT The membrane raft (MR) redox pathway is characterized by NADPH oxidase activation via the clustering of its subunits through lysosome fusion and the activation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase). Our previous study shows that the MR redox signalling pathway is associated with angiontensin II (AngII)-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endothelial dysfunction in rat mesenteric arteries. In the present study, we hypothesized that this signalling pathway is involved in blood pressure increase, endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling in an AngII-induced hypertensive animal model. Sixteen-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to AngII infusion for 2 weeks with or without treatment with the lysosome fusion inhibitor bafilomycin A1 and ASMase inhibitor amitriptyline. After treatments, aortas were harvested for further study. The results showed that the MR redox signalling pathway was activated as indicated by the increase of MR formation, ASMase activity and ROS production in aorta from AngII-infused rats compared with that from control rats. MR formation and ROS production were significantly inhibited in thoracic aorta from AngII-induced rats treated with bafilomycin A1 and amitriptyline. Both treatments significantly attenuated blood pressure increase, endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling including medial hypertrophy, and increased collagen and fibronectin deposition in thoracic aortas from AngII-infused rats. Finally, both treatments significantly prevented the increase of inflammatory factors including monocyte chemotactic protein 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and tumour necrosis factor α in thoracic aorta from AngII-infused rats. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the MR redox signalling pathway was involved in endothelial dysfunction and medial remodelling in AngII-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
| | - Mao-Qing Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jie Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qing Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Kato
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology and the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA15261USA
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