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Tang M, Da X, Xu Z, Zhao X, Zhou H. UHPLC/MS-based metabolomics of asthmatic mice reveals metabolic changes in group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111775. [PMID: 38430805 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Helper Th2-type immune responses are essential in allergic airway diseases, including asthma and allergic rhinitis. Recent studies have indicated that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of asthma. However, the metabolic profile of ILC2s and their regulatory mechanisms in asthma remain unclear. Therefore, we established two asthma mouse models: an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model and an IL-33-induced asthma model. We then used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS) to conduct high-throughput untargeted metabolic analysis of ILC2s in the lung tissues of the asthma models. The identified metabolites primarily consisted of lipids, lipid-like molecules, benzene, organic acids, derivatives, and organic oxidation compounds. Specifically, 34 differentially accumulated metabolites influenced the metabolic profiles of the control and OVA-induced asthma model groups. Moreover, the accumulation of 39 metabolites significantly differed between the Interleukin 33 (IL-33) and control groups. These differentially accumulated metabolites were mainly involved in pathways such as sphingolipid, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid metabolism. This metabolomic study revealed, for the first time, the key metabolites and metabolic pathways of ILC2s, revealing new aspects of cellular metabolism in the context of airway inflammation. These findings not only contribute to unraveling the pathogenesis of asthma but also provide a crucial theoretical foundation for the future development of therapeutic strategies targeting ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianzong Da
- Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhao
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Haoquan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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2
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Emami Fard N, Xiao M, Sehmi R. Regulatory ILC2-Role of IL-10 Producing ILC2 in Asthma. Cells 2023; 12:2556. [PMID: 37947634 PMCID: PMC10650705 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, a growing body of evidence observations have shown group two innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) to be critical drivers of Type 2 (T2) inflammatory responses associated with allergic inflammatory conditions such as asthma. ILC2 releases copious amounts of pro-inflammatory T2 cytokines-interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the newly discovered regulatory subtype of ILC2 described in murine and human mucosal tissue and blood. These KLRG1+ILC2 have the capacity to produce the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Papers compiled in this review were based on queries of PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published from 2000 to 2023 using keywords "IL-10" and "ILC2". Studies with topical relevance to IL-10 production by ILC2 were included. ILC2 responds to microenvironmental cues, including retinoic acid (RA), IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-33, as well as neuropeptide mediators such as neuromedin-U (NMU), prompting a shift towards IL-10 and away from T2 cytokine production. In contrast, TGF-β attenuates IL-10 production by ILC2. Immune regulation provided by IL-10+ILC2s holds potential significance for the management of T2 inflammatory conditions. The observation of context-specific cues that alter the phenotype of ILC warrants examining characteristics of ILC subsets to determine the extent of plasticity or whether the current classification of ILCs requires refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roma Sehmi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (N.E.F.)
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3
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Thio CLP, Chang YJ. The modulation of pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cell function in asthma: from inflammatory mediators to environmental and metabolic factors. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1872-1884. [PMID: 37696890 PMCID: PMC10545775 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated type 2 immune response is one of the fundamental causes of allergic asthma. Although Th2 cells are undoubtedly central to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, the discovery of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) has added another layer of complexity to the etiology of this chronic disease. Through their inherent innate type 2 responses, ILC2s not only contribute to the initiation of airway inflammation but also orchestrate the recruitment and activation of other members of innate and adaptive immunity, further amplifying the inflammatory response. Moreover, ILC2s exhibit substantial cytokine plasticity, as evidenced by their ability to produce type 1- or type 17-associated cytokines under appropriate conditions, underscoring their potential contribution to nonallergic, neutrophilic asthma. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of ILC2 functions is pertinent. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge on ILC2s in asthma and the regulatory factors that modulate lung ILC2 functions in various experimental mouse models of asthma and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan.
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4
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Matsuyama T, Machida K, Mizuno K, Matsuyama H, Dotake Y, Shinmura M, Takagi K, Inoue H. The Functional Role of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Asthma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:893. [PMID: 37371472 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. ILC2s lack antigen-specific receptors and respond to epithelial-derived cytokines, leading to the induction of airway eosinophilic inflammation in an antigen-independent manner. Additionally, ILC2s might be involved in the mechanism of steroid resistance. Numerous studies in both mice and humans have shown that ILC2s induce airway inflammation through inflammatory signals, including cytokines and other mediators derived from immune or non-immune cells. ILC2s and T helper type 2 (Th2) cells collaborate through direct and indirect interactions to organize type 2 immune responses. Interestingly, the frequencies or numbers of ILC2 are increased in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthma patients, and the numbers of ILC2s in the blood and sputum of severe asthmatics are significantly larger than those of mild asthmatics. These findings may contribute to the regulation of the immune response in asthma. This review article highlights our current understanding of the functional role of ILC2s in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kentaro Machida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiromi Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yoichi Dotake
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinmura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Koichi Takagi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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Striz I, Golebski K, Strizova Z, Loukides S, Bakakos P, Hanania N, Jesenak M, Diamant Z. New insights into the pathophysiology and therapeutic targets of asthma and comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyposis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:727-753. [PMID: 37199256 PMCID: PMC10195992 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) are chronic respiratory diseases. These two disorders often co-exist based on common anatomical, immunological, histopathological, and pathophysiological basis. Usually, asthma with comorbid CRSwNP is driven by type 2 (T2) inflammation which predisposes to more severe, often intractable, disease. In the past two decades, innovative technologies and detection techniques in combination with newly introduced targeted therapies helped shape our understanding of the immunological pathways underlying inflammatory airway diseases and to further identify several distinct clinical and inflammatory subsets to enhance the development of more effective personalized treatments. Presently, a number of targeted biologics has shown clinical efficacy in patients with refractory T2 airway inflammation, including anti-IgE (omalizumab), anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab, reslizumab)/anti-IL5R (benralizumab), anti-IL-4R-α (anti-IL-4/IL-13, dupilumab), and anti-TSLP (tezepelumab). In non-type-2 endotypes, no targeted biologics have consistently shown clinical efficacy so far. Presently, multiple therapeutical targets are being explored including cytokines, membrane molecules and intracellular signalling pathways to further expand current treatment options for severe asthma with and without comorbid CRSwNP. In this review, we discuss existing biologics, those under development and share some views on new horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Striz
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Subdivision of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Institute for Postgraduate Education in Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kornel Golebski
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Strizova
- Institute of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stelios Loukides
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- First Respiratory Medicine Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicola A. Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Tinè M, Padrin Y, Bonato M, Semenzato U, Bazzan E, Conti M, Saetta M, Turato G, Baraldo S. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) as Crucial Mediators of Cell-Cell Interaction in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054645. [PMID: 36902079 PMCID: PMC10003413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disorder worldwide and accounts for a huge health and economic burden. Its incidence is rapidly increasing but, in parallel, novel personalized approaches have emerged. Indeed, the improved knowledge of cells and molecules mediating asthma pathogenesis has led to the development of targeted therapies that significantly increased our ability to treat asthma patients, especially in severe stages of disease. In such complex scenarios, extracellular vesicles (EVs i.e., anucleated particles transporting nucleic acids, cytokines, and lipids) have gained the spotlight, being considered key sensors and mediators of the mechanisms controlling cell-to-cell interplay. We will herein first revise the existing evidence, mainly by mechanistic studies in vitro and in animal models, that EV content and release is strongly influenced by the specific triggers of asthma. Current studies indicate that EVs are released by potentially all cell subtypes in the asthmatic airways, particularly by bronchial epithelial cells (with different cargoes in the apical and basolateral side) and inflammatory cells. Such studies largely suggest a pro-inflammatory and pro-remodelling role of EVs, whereas a minority of reports indicate protective effects, particularly by mesenchymal cells. The co-existence of several confounding factors-including technical pitfalls and host and environmental confounders-is still a major challenge in human studies. Technical standardization in isolating EVs from different body fluids and careful selection of patients will provide the basis for obtaining reliable results and extend their application as effective biomarkers in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaenrica Tinè
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Ylenia Padrin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale Cà Foncello, Azienda Unità Locale Socio-Sanitaria 2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Umberto Semenzato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Erica Bazzan
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Conti
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Saetta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Graziella Turato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Simonetta Baraldo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova and Padova City Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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7
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Group 2 innate lymphoid cells in human asthma. Allergol Int 2022; 72:194-200. [PMID: 36585333 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by increased airway hyperresponsiveness, reversible airflow limitation, and remodeling due to allergic airway inflammation. Asthma has been proposed to be classified into various phenotypes by cluster analyses integrating clinical information and laboratory data. Recently, asthma has been classified into two major endotypes, Type 2-high and Type 2-low asthma, and various subtypes based on the underlying molecular mechanisms. In Type 2-high asthma, Th2 cells, together with group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), produce type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, which play crucial roles in causing airway inflammation. The roles of ILC2s in asthma pathogenesis have been analyzed primarily in murine models, demonstrating their importance not only in IL-33- or papain-induced innate asthma models but also in house dust mite (HDM)- or ovalbumin (OVA)-induced acquired asthma models evoked in an antigen-specific manner. Recently, evidence regarding the roles of ILC2s in human asthma is also accumulating. This minireview summarizes the roles of ILC2s in asthma, emphasizing human studies.
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8
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Baba R, Kabata H, Shirasaki Y, Kamatani T, Yamagishi M, Irie M, Watanabe R, Matsusaka M, Masaki K, Miyata J, Moro K, Uemura S, Fukunaga K. Upregulation of IL-4 receptor signaling pathway in circulating ILC2s from asthma patients. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2022; 1:299-304. [PMID: 37779537 PMCID: PMC10509846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) produce type 2 cytokines by stimulation with epithelial cell-derived cytokines and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various allergic diseases, including asthma. However, differences in the molecular characteristics of ILC2s between patients with asthma and healthy subjects remain unclear. Objective We sought to evaluate differences in cytokine production capacity and gene expression profile of ILC2s in the peripheral blood of patients with asthma and healthy subjects. Methods We evaluated ILC2s derived from 15 patients with asthma and 7 healthy subjects using flow cytometry, live-cell imaging of secretion activity analysis, and RNA-sequencing. Results ILC2s were sorted as CD45+Lineage-CRTH2+CD127+CD161+ cells from the peripheral blood of patients with asthma and healthy subjects, and the number of ILC2s was decreased in patients with asthma (851 ± 1134 vs 2679 ± 3009 cells/20 mL blood; P = .0066). However, patient-derived ILC2s were activated to produce more IL-5 and IL-13 in response to stimulation with IL-2, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin compared with healthy subject-derived ILC2s (P = .0032 and P = .0085, respectively). Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that patient-derived ILC2s had different gene expression profiles, such as increased expression in cell growth-related genes (CDKN1b, CCNG2, CCND2, CCN1), prostaglandin E receptor (PTGER2), and IL-4 receptor. In addition, a gene set of the IL-4 receptor signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in ILC2s in patients with asthma (P = .042). Conclusions Our results suggest that circulating ILC2s in patients with asthma are preactivated via the IL-4 receptor signaling pathway and produce IL-5 and IL-13 vigorously by stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Baba
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kabata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamatani
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of AI Technology Development, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Precision Cancer Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Live Cell Diagnosis, Ltd, Asaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Misato Irie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Watanabe
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Matsusaka
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Masaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sotaro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of recent discoveries about type-2 innate lymphoid cells, especially, as they relate to the pathogenesis of asthma. RECENT FINDINGS We focused on features and characteristics of type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) that distinguish them from other type-2 cells, especially Th2 cells. We collected and reviewed data related to human asthma and airway ILC2s. We examined the concept of ILC2 memory and trained immunity. We also analyzed steroid resistance of ILC2s, which is relevant for steroid-resistant asthma. SUMMARY The implications of the findings include an understanding of ILC2 inflammation, and pathways and molecules that can be targeted by biologics and other therapeutic agents for management severe and steroid-resistant asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Divya Verma
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Rafeul Alam
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
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10
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Korchagina AA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Response to Intracellular Pathogens: Protection Versus Immunopathology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:775554. [PMID: 34938670 PMCID: PMC8685334 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.775554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous group of cytokine-producing lymphocytes which are predominantly located at mucosal barrier surfaces, such as skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. ILCs contribute to tissue homeostasis, regulate microbiota-derived signals, and protect against mucosal pathogens. ILCs are classified into five major groups by their developmental origin and distinct cytokine production. A recently emerged intriguing feature of ILCs is their ability to alter their phenotype and function in response to changing local environmental cues such as pathogen invasion. Once the pathogen crosses host barriers, ILCs quickly activate cytokine production to limit the spread of the pathogen. However, the dysregulated ILC responses can lead to tissue inflammation and damage. Furthermore, the interplay between ILCs and other immune cell types shapes the outcome of the immune response. Recent studies highlighted the important role of ILCs for host defense against intracellular pathogens. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the mechanisms controlling protective and pathogenic ILC responses to intracellular pathogens. This knowledge can help develop new ILC-targeted strategies to control infectious diseases and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Korchagina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ekaterina Koroleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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11
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Gevenois PJLY, De Pauw P, Schoonooghe S, Delporte C, Sebti T, Amighi K, Muyldermans S, Wauthoz N. Development of Neutralizing Multimeric Nanobody Constructs Directed against IL-13: From Immunization to Lead Optimization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2608-2620. [PMID: 34645688 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-13 is a pleiotropic cytokine mainly secreted by Th2 cells. It reacts with many different types of cells involved in allergy, inflammation, and fibrosis, e.g., mastocytes, B cells, and fibroblasts. The role of IL-13 in conditions involving one or several of these phenotypes has therefore been extensively investigated. The inhibition of this cytokine in animal models for various pathologies yielded highly promising results. However, most human trials relying on anti-IL-13 conventional mAbs have failed to achieve a significant improvement of the envisaged disorders. Where some studies might have suffered from several weaknesses, the strategies themselves, such as targeting only IL-13 using conventional mAbs or employing a systemic administration, could be questioned. Nanobodies are recombinant Ag-binding fragments derived from the variable part of H chain-only Abs occurring in Camelidae. Thanks to their single-domain structure, small size (≈15 kDa), good stability, and solubility, they can be engineered into multispecific constructs for combined therapies or for use in new strategies such as formulations for local administration, e.g., pulmonary administration. In this study, we describe the generation of 38 nanobodies that can be subdivided into five CDR3 families. Nine nanobodies were found to have a good affinity profile (KD = 1-200 nM), but none were able to strongly inhibit IL-13 biological activity in vitro (IC50 > 50 µM: HEK-Blue IL-13/IL-4 cells). Multimeric constructs were therefore designed from these inhibitors and resulted in an up to 36-fold improvement in affinity and up to 300-fold enhancement of the biological activity while conserving a high specificity toward IL-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe J-L Y Gevenois
- Unit of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Pharmacy, Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Pieter De Pauw
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Free University of Brussels, Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Steve Schoonooghe
- Flemish Institute for Biotechnology Nanobody Core, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, RD3 and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | | | - Karim Amighi
- Unit of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Pharmacy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Free University of Brussels, Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Wauthoz
- Unit of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Pharmacy, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Xue L, Li C, Ge G, Zhang S, Tian L, Wang Y, Zhang H, Ma Z, Lu Z. Jia-Wei-Yu-Ping-Feng-San Attenuates Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell-Mediated Airway Inflammation in Allergic Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:703724. [PMID: 34305612 PMCID: PMC8299004 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.703724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of asthma has increased in recent decades. Although corticosteroids and bronchodilators are used in clinical practice, the control of asthma remains a challenge. Allergic asthma is characterized airway inflammation mediated by type 2 immune response. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are an important source of type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, which contribute to the progress of asthma. Jia-Wei-Yu-Ping-Feng-San (JWYPFS), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat asthma in China. In this study we investigated the mechanisms of JWYPFS in the treatment of asthma, especially the effect on ILC2s important in airway inflammation. Female C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA to establish a model of allergic asthma. Airway hyperresponsiveness was examined by direct airway resistance analysis. Inflammatory cell counts were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion in lung tissue sections was observed by HE and PAS staining, respectively. The numbers and proportions of ILC2s as well as the ILC2s-related transcription factors GATA3, IRF4, and type 2 cytokines were measured in lung tissue samples. Additionally, ILC2s were collected from mouse lung; ILC2s-related cytokines and GATA3 and IRF4 were evaluated after IL-33-induced activation of ILC2s in vitro. Elevated inflammatory cells, mucus secretion, airway hyperresponsiveness and type 2 cytokines in the OVA-treated asthma group indicated that an allergic asthma model had been established. JWYPFS treatment attenuated airway resistance and reduced inflammatory cells including eosinophils, and inhibited mucus production and type 2 cytokines in these asthmatic mice. Moreover, JWYPFS treatment dramatically decreased the numbers and proportions of ILC2s and the mRNA levels of GATA3 and IRF4. In an in vitro experiment JWYPFS significantly suppressed GATA3, IRF4 and type 2 cytokine expression, including IL-5 and IL-13 in IL-33-stimulated ILC2s. JWYPFS alleviates ILC2s-mediated airway inflammation, suggesting that JWYPFS might be an effective agent to treat allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Xue
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Li
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyan Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Tian
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyong Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifeng Ma
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Reyes-García J, Montaño LM, Carbajal-García A, Wang YX. Sex Hormones and Lung Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:259-321. [PMID: 34019274 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a characteristic marker in numerous lung disorders. Several immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, as well as T and B lymphocytes, synthetize and release cytokines involved in the inflammatory process. Gender differences in the incidence and severity of inflammatory lung ailments including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), lung cancer (LC), and infectious related illnesses have been reported. Moreover, the effects of sex hormones on both androgens and estrogens, such as testosterone (TES) and 17β-estradiol (E2), driving characteristic inflammatory patterns in those lung inflammatory diseases have been investigated. In general, androgens seem to display anti-inflammatory actions, whereas estrogens produce pro-inflammatory effects. For instance, androgens regulate negatively inflammation in asthma by targeting type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and T-helper (Th)-2 cells to attenuate interleukin (IL)-17A-mediated responses and leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis pathway. Estrogens may promote neutrophilic inflammation in subjects with asthma and COPD. Moreover, the activation of estrogen receptors might induce tumorigenesis. In this chapter, we summarize the most recent advances in the functional roles and associated signaling pathways of inflammatory cellular responses in asthma, COPD, PF, LC, and newly occurring COVID-19 disease. We also meticulously deliberate the influence of sex steroids on the development and progress of these common and severe lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Luis M Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abril Carbajal-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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14
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Bartemes KR, Kita H. Roles of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in allergic diseases: The 10-year anniversary for ILC2s. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1531-1547. [PMID: 33965091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the 12 years since the discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), our knowledge of their immunobiology has expanded rapidly. Group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) respond rapidly to allergen exposure and environmental insults in mucosal organs, producing type 2 cytokines. Early studies showed that epithelium-derived cytokines activate ILC2s, resulting in eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, and remodeling of mucosal tissues. We now know that ILC2s are regulated by other cytokines, eicosanoids, and neuropeptides as well, and interact with both immune and stromal cells. Furthermore, ILC2s exhibit plasticity by adjusting their functions depending on their tissue environment and may consist of several heterogeneous subpopulations. Clinical studies show that ILC2s are involved in asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, food allergy, and eosinophilic esophagitis. However, much remains unknown about the immunologic mechanisms involved. Beneficial functions of ILCs in maintenance or restoration of tissue well-being and human health also need to be clarified. As our understanding of the crucial functions ILCs play in both homeostasis and disease pathology expands, we are poised to make tremendous strides in diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with allergic diseases. This review summarizes discoveries in immunobiology of ILCs and their roles in allergic diseases in the past 5 years, discusses controversies and gaps in our knowledge, and suggests future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Bartemes
- Division of Allergic Diseases and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz.
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15
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, Gogoi M, McKenzie AN. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Team Players in Regulating Asthma. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:167-198. [PMID: 33534604 PMCID: PMC7614118 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-110119-091711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity helps protect the host from infection, but it also plays key roles in tissue homeostasis, metabolism, and repair. Unfortunately, inappropriate type 2 immune reactions may lead to allergy and asthma. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lungs respond rapidly to local environmental cues, such as the release of epithelium-derived type 2 initiator cytokines/alarmins, producing type 2 effector cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in response to tissue damage and infection. ILC2s are associated with the severity of allergic asthma, and experimental models of lung inflammation have shown how they act as playmakers, receiving signals variously from stromal and immune cells as well as the nervous system and then distributing cytokine cues to elicit type 2 immune effector functions and potentiate CD4+ T helper cell activation, both of which characterize the pathology of allergic asthma. Recent breakthroughs identifying stromal- and neuronal-derived microenvironmental cues that regulate ILC2s, along with studies recognizing the potential plasticity of ILC2s, have improved our understanding of the immunoregulation of asthma and opened new avenues for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noe Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK
| | - Mayuri Gogoi
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK
| | - Andrew N.J. McKenzie
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK,Corresponding author:
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16
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Zhu Y, Liu Y, Zhu X, Wang Z, Wang M. Upregulation of miR-155 regulates group 2 innate lymphoid cells by targeting c-maf in allergic rhinitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173564. [PMID: 32946865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and Th2 type immune response are critically involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR), and this pathological process is influenced by microRNAs-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. The present study investigated the adaptation and function of miR-155 in AR patients and mouse model. We found that significantly increased miR-155 expression (1.63 ± 0.12 vs. 0.92 ± 0.11 in human, and 1.68 ± 0.15 vs. 1.06 ± 0.06 in mice) and ILC2s activity in nasal mucosa and serum in AR patients and mice. Administration of miR-155 antagomir significantly reduced the activity of ILC2s in nasal mucosa, suppressed the production of Th2 cytokines in serum and nasal mucosa, and alleviated the airway inflammation and allergic symptoms in AR mice, while miR-155 agomir increased ILC2s activity and production of Th2 cytokines and induced airway inflammation and allergic symptoms in control mice. Meanwhile, the expression of transcriptional factor c-Maf (0.57 ± 0.05 vs. 0.37 ± 0.04) in nasal mucosa in AR mice, which was significantly recovered by miR-155 antagomir (0.56 ± 0.04). Treatment with miR-155 agomir decreased c-Maf expression in nasal mucosa in control mice. This synchronized with the similar pattern in the current observations that miR-155 regulated Th2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13) production, airway inflammation and allergic symptoms in AR mice. Together, upregulation miR-155 suppressed the expression of transcriptional factor c-Maf and was critically involved in the ILC2s activation, which contributed to the airway inflammation and allergic symptoms in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuehui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xinhua Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meiqun Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
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You C, Ran G, Wu X, Wang Y, Tian H, Fan J, Yao Z, Wang F. High immunoglobulin E level is associated with increased readmission in children with bronchopneumonia. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2020; 13:1753466619879832. [PMID: 31588854 PMCID: PMC6783659 DOI: 10.1177/1753466619879832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with lower respiratory tract
infections. The study aimed to evaluate the association between IgE and the
rate of bronchopneumonia-related readmission within 12 months in
children. Methods: A total of 1099 children aged over 1 year with bronchopneumonia, from 1
January 2015 to 31 December 2016, were enrolled. Unplanned readmissions
within 12 months after discharge were observed. Multivariate regression
analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for
rehospitalization. Results: The rate of rehospitalization was 11.4% (125/1099). Compared to the
nonreadmission children, IgE levels, the proportion of children with asthma
and hospitalization duration were significantly higher in the readmission
children (p < 0.05). Compared to the children with
normal IgE (≤ 165 IU/ml) levels, the risk of rehospitalization was
significantly higher in children with abnormal IgE [odds ratio (OR) 1.781,
95% confidence interval (CI) 1.209–2.624, p = 0.004].
Children with IgE level more than three times the upper limit had even
higher risks of readmission (OR 2.037, 95%CI 1.172–3.540, p
= 0.012). Meanwhile, the risk of readmission in children with abnormal IgE
combined with or without bronchial asthma was significantly higher (OR 2.548
and 1.918, 95% CI 1.490–4.358 and 1.218–3.020, p = 0.001
and 0.005, respectively). Conclusions: Children aged over 1 year with bronchopneumonia who had higher IgE levels are
at increased risk for rehospitalization within the first 12 months of the
index hospitalization and IgE level may be used as a predictor of
rehospitalization in children with bronchopneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun You
- Department of Pediatrics, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo Ran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Emergency Department, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiuting Town Community Healthcare Center of Songjiang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Jiuting Town Community Healthcare Center of Songjiang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabao Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhong Yao
- Department of pediatrics, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.170, Xinsong Rd, Minhang, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Emergency Department, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, No.1, Chengbei Rd, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
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18
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Effects of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells on ILC2s in patients with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:855-867.e8. [PMID: 31812574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were reported to serve a critical role in allergic diseases. Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) play significant roles in allergic immune response. However, effects of DCs on ILC2s in allergic diseases, especially for patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to address the roles of mDCs and pDCs in regulating ILC2 function in AR. METHODS mDCs and pDCs were cocultured with human PBMCs isolated from patients with AR or ILC2s to measure soluble or intracellular TH2 cytokines, transcription factors, signaling pathways in ILC2s, and the following mechanisms were further investigated. The levels of peripheral IL-33+mDCs, pDCs, and ILC2s were studied in patients under an inhaled allergen challenge. RESULTS We confirmed the presence of ILC2s, mDCs, and pDCs in the nasal mucosa of patients with AR. Both allogenic and autologous mDCs were found to activate ILC2s from patients with AR to produce TH2 cytokines, and increase the levels of GATA-3 and signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways, in which IL-33-producing mDCs exerted the major role by binding on ST2 on ILC2s. We further identified high levels of IL-33+mDCs and ILC2s in patients with AR under antigen challenge. Activated pDCs inhibited the cytokine production of ILC2s isolated from patients with AR by secretion of IL-6. CONCLUSIONS mDCs promote ILC2 function by the IL-33/ST2 pathway, and activation of pDCs suppresses ILC2 function through IL-6 in patients with AR. Our findings provide new understanding of the interplay between DCs and ILC2s in allergic diseases.
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19
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Simon D. Recent Advances in Clinical Allergy and Immunology 2019. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 180:291-305. [PMID: 31694018 DOI: 10.1159/000504364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system has vital functions for homeostasis and host defense. Thus, imbalances of the immune system whether associated with allergy, hypersensitivity, or autoimmunity are of great importance, as is manifest from common diseases such as atopic diseases, urticaria, and angioedema, and drug hypersensitivity reactions. These can affect patients' quality of life and can generate high costs for health care. Epidemiological studies have provided evidence for changing patterns of allergic diseases caused by lifestyle and climate changes which have consequences for medical care. Deeper insights into the pathogenesis of allergic/immunologic diseases, combined with novel technologies, provide improved diagnostic options and treatment measures. This review will summarize novel aspects of the epidemiology, pathogenic mechanisms, as well as disease management in the fields of allergy and clinical immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,
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20
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Innate lymphoid cells in asthma: pathophysiological insights from murine models to human asthma phenotypes. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 19:53-60. [PMID: 30516548 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review describes the role of different types of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the pathogenesis of asthma inflammatory phenotypes by linking findings from murine asthma models with human studies. Novel treatment options are needed for patients with steroid-insensitive asthma. Strategies targeting ILCs, or their upstream or downstream molecules are emerging and discussed in this review. RECENT FINDINGS In eosinophilic asthma, ILCs, and especially type 2 ILCs (ILC2s), are activated by alarmins such as IL-33 upon allergen triggering of the airway epithelium. This initiates IL-5 and IL-13 production by ILC2, resulting in eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. Type 3 ILCs (ILC3s) have been shown to be implicated in obesity-induced asthma, via IL-1β production by macrophages, leading ILC3 and release of IL-17. ILC1s might play a role in severe asthma, but its role is currently less investigated. SUMMARY Several studies have revealed that ILC2s play a role in the induction of eosinophilic inflammation in allergic and nonallergic asthmatic patients mainly via IL-5, IL-13, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Knowledge on the role of ILC3s and ILC1s in asthmatic patients is lagging behind. Further studies are needed to support the hypothesis that these other types of ILCs contribute to asthma pathogenesis, presumably in nonallergic asthma phenotypes.
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21
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van der Ploeg EK, Carreras Mascaro A, Huylebroeck D, Hendriks RW, Stadhouders R. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Human Respiratory Disorders. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:47-62. [PMID: 30726833 DOI: 10.1159/000496212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies using animal models have generated profound insight into the functions of various subsets of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). The group 2 ILC subset (ILC2) has been implicated in tissue homeostasis, defense responses against parasites, tissue repair, and immunopathology associated with type-2 immunity. In addition, progress has also been made in translating these findings from animal studies into a context of human immunity. Importantly, recent observations strongly support a role for ILC2s in several diseases of the human respiratory system. However, many aspects of human ILC2 biology are still unclear, including how these cells develop and which signals control their activity. As a result, the exact role played by ILCs in human health and disease remains poorly understood. Here, we summarize our current understanding of human ILC2 biology and focus on their potential involvement in various human respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee K van der Ploeg
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Carreras Mascaro
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, .,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
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22
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Airway innate lymphoid cells in the induction and regulation of allergy. Allergol Int 2019; 68:9-16. [PMID: 30473412 PMCID: PMC6614863 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of innate lymphoid cells has revolutionized our understanding of the pathogenesis of immune diseases including allergy and asthma. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous collection of lymphocytes that lack antigen-specificity (non-T, non-B cells) and potently produce characteristic cytokines of T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17). ILCs are divided into group 1 (ILC1s), group 2 (ILC2s), or group 3 (ILC3s). Similar to Th2 cells, ILC2s produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, among others, and are present in increased numbers in samples from patients with many allergic disorders including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Animal models have identified that ILC2s contribute to eosinophilic tissue infiltration, airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus production, as well as coordinate adaptive immune responses. Finally, recent studies support regulation of ILC2s by neuro-immune mechanisms as well as demonstrate a significant degree of plasticity between ILC subsets that may impact the immune responses in asthma and allergic airway diseases. Here, we review the current literature on ILC2s in human asthma and allergic airway diseases, as well as highlight some recent mechanistic insights into ILC2 function from in vitro studies and in vivo animal models.
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23
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Susibalan BD, Abdullah B, Mat Lazim N, Abdul Kadir A. Efficacy of snakehead fish (Channa striatus) in subjects with allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial. ORIENTAL PHARMACY AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2018; 18:209-215. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-018-0327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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