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Theindl LC, Fratoni E, da Rosa JS, Lubschinski TL, Meier L, Sá MM, Dalmarco EM. In vitro evidence that the anti‐inflammatory effect of synthetic cinnamate‐derived dienes is directly linked to a macrophage repolarization. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:850-859. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lais C. Theindl
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Eduarda Fratoni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Julia S. da Rosa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Tainá L. Lubschinski
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Lidiane Meier
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Educação Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Blumenau Brazil
| | - Marcus M. Sá
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. Dalmarco
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil
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Wu J, Chen S, Wu P, Wang Y, Qi X, Zhang R, Liu Z, Wang D, Cheng Y. Cathepsin B/HSP70 complex induced by Ilexsaponin I suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154358. [PMID: 35952578 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) is a clinical issue in MI therapy that requires effective intervention. Cathepsin B (CTSB) plays an essential role in regulating cell death, inflammatory response and angiogenesis. Ilexsaponin I (ISI), a triterpenoid saponin obtained from Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn, has anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. However, the effect of ISI on MI/RI is unclear. PURPOSE The study aims to disclose the mechanism of ISI as a potent therapeutic agent for MI/RI. METHODS Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) were used to establish MI/RI model in vivo and in vitro. ELISA, western blot and immunofluorescence were carried out to detect CTSB activity and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP), molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis were used to detect the interaction of CTSB/HSP70 complex. Infarct area determination, echocardiography and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were performed to assess the cardioprotection of ISI in vivo. RESULTS Plasma CTSB was elevated in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and was positively correlated with the level of cTnI in plasma, which was also found in MI/RI rat model. ISI significantly suppressed the overexpression and activity of CTSB after MI/RI or OGD/R. ISI remarkably suppressed CTSB triggered-NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduced the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18. Importantly, we firstly found that ISI promoted CTSB/HSP70 complex formation to disrupt CTSB/NLRP3 complex, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation. ISI could also limit infarct size, improve cardiac function and reduce inflammatory infiltrates in vivo and protected H9c2 cells against OGD/R insult in vitro. Interrupting the HSP70 and CTSB interaction with HSP70 siRNA blocked the effect of ISI on CTSB, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the cardioprotective effect. CONCLUSION ISI probably exerts cardioprotective effect against MI/RI by modulating HSP70 competitively bind to CTSB to suppress the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxuan Wu
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, 528333, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Sixuan Chen
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Peng Wu
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, 528333, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, 528333, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, 528333, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
| | - Dawei Wang
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, 528333, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, 528333, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
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Wang L, Lu Q, Gao W, Yu S. Recent advancement on development of drug-induced macrophage polarization in control of human diseases. Life Sci 2021; 284:119914. [PMID: 34453949 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, an important part of human immune system, possess a high plasticity and heterogeneity (macrophage polarization) as classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2), which exert pro-inflammatory/anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor effects, respectively. Thus, drug development in induction of macrophage polarization could be used to treat different human diseases. This review summarizes the recent advancement on modulation of macrophage polarization and its related molecular mechanisms induced by a number of agents. Research on the anti-inflammatory drugs to regulate the macrophage polarization accounts for a large proportion in the field and types of diseases investigated could include atherosclerosis, enteritis, nephritis, and the nervous system and skeletal diseases, while study of the anti-tumor agents to modify macrophage polarization is a novel area of research. Future study of the molecular mechanisms by which the different agents regulate the macrophage polarization could lead to an effective control of various human diseases, including inflammation and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221005, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Clinical Trial Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Ning H, Chen H, Deng J, Xiao C, Xu M, Shan L, Yang C, Zhang Z. Exosomes secreted by FNDC5-BMMSCs protect myocardial infarction by anti-inflammation and macrophage polarization via NF-κB signaling pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 axis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:519. [PMID: 34583757 PMCID: PMC8480009 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are considered a substitute for stem cell-based therapy for myocardial infarction (MI). FNDC5, a transmembrane protein located in the cytoplasm, plays a crucial role in inflammation diseases and MI repair. Furthermore, our previous study found that FNDC5 pre-conditioning bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) could secrete more exosomes, but little was known on MI repair. Methods Exosomes isolated from BMMSCs with or without FNDC5-OV were injected into infarcted hearts. Then, cardiomyocytes apoptosis and inflammation responses were detected. Furthermore, exosomes were administrated to RAW264.7 macrophage with LPS treatment to investigate its effect on inflammation and macrophage polarization. Results Compared with MSCs-Exo, FNDC5-MSCs-Exo had superior therapeutic effects on anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis, as well as polarizing M2 macrophage in vivo. Meanwhile, the in vitro results also showed that FNDC5-MSCs-Exo decreased pro-inflammatory secretion and increased anti-inflammatory secretion under LPS stimulation, which partly depressed NF‐κB signaling pathway and upregulated Nrf2/HO-1 Axis. Conclusions FNDC5-BMMSCs-derived exosomes play anti-inflammation effects and promote M2 macrophage polarization via NF-κB signaling pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 Axis, which may develop a promising cell-free therapy for MI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02591-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Ning
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Haixu Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics, Health Care Office, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jingyu Deng
- Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Moyan Xu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Health Care Office, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lina Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Chao Yang
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China.
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Chen QM. Nrf2 for cardiac protection: pharmacological options against oxidative stress. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:729-744. [PMID: 34332753 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia or reperfusion increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from damaged mitochondria, NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, and inflammation. ROS can be removed by eight endogenous antioxidant and redox systems, many components of which are expressed under the influence of the activated Nrf2 transcription factor. Transcriptomic profiling, sequencing of Nrf2-bound DNA, and Nrf2 gene knockout studies have revealed the power of Nrf2 beyond the antioxidant and detoxification response, from tissue recovery, repair, and remodeling, mitochondrial turnover, and metabolic reprogramming to the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines. Multifaceted regulatory mechanisms for Nrf2 protein levels or activity have been mapped to its functional domains, Nrf2-ECH homology (Neh)1-7. Oxidative stress activates Nrf2 via nuclear translocation, de novo protein translation, and increased protein stability due to removal of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) checkpoint, or the inactivation of β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP), or Hmg-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1). The promise of small-molecule Nrf2 inducers from natural products or derivatives is discussed here. Experimental evidence is presented to support Nrf2 as a lead target for drug development to further improve the treatment outcome for myocardial infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin M Chen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Gao XR, Ge J, Li WY, Zhou WC, Xu L, Geng DQ. miR-34a carried by adipocyte exosomes inhibits the polarization of M1 macrophages in mouse osteolysis model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:994-1003. [PMID: 32803914 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After bone prosthesis replacement, M1-type macrophage polarization can be induced by titanium (Ti) particles and produce inflammatory, leading to osteolysis. Adipocyte-derived exosomes (ADEs) exert immune-modulatory impact on the macrophage, while whether it can inhibit the macrophage polarization induced by Ti is unclear. This study focuses on the M1-type macrophage and aims to determine the effect of ADEs on Ti-induced M1-type macrophage polarization in osteolytic mice and the involved mechanism. METHODS Ti particle-induced osteolysis mouse model was established and macrophages were isolated from the osteolysis site. The levels of NLRP3 and specific markers for M1-type macrophage were determined. ADEs isolated from adipocyte cell line 3T3-L1, or conditioned ADEs with low-expressed miR-34a isolated from 3T3-L1 transfected with miR-34a inhibitor were co-cultured with RAW 264.7 to determine their impact on the polarization of macrophage. RESULTS ADEs reduced the M1-type macrophage polarization and caused the upregulation of miR-34a in macrophage of the osteolysis site of the osteolysis mouse model. Also, the level of miR-34a in ADEs was higher than that in the adipocyte. The conditioned ADEs expressed a low level of miR-34a and boosted the Ti-induced M1-type polarization. MiR-34a could target NLRP3 and negatively regulated its expression. Moreover, NLRP3 knockdown in macrophage restricted the conditioned ADEs to promote macrophage towards to Ti-induced M1-type polarization. The inhibitory function of ADEs on M1-type macrophage polarization was abolished by miR-34a silencing in the mouse osteolysis model. CONCLUSION The miR-34a carried by ADEs reduced the polarization of M1-type macrophages by targeting macrophage NLRP3 during Ti particle-induced osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ren Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wang-Chen Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - De-Qin Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Network Pharmacology Analysis and Molecular Characterization of the Herbal Medicine Formulation Qi-Fu-Yin for the Inhibition of the Neuroinflammatory Biomarker iNOS in Microglial BV-2 Cells: Implication for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5780703. [PMID: 32952851 PMCID: PMC7481926 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5780703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant microglial activation drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study is aimed at investigating whether the herbal formula Qi-Fu-Yin (QFY) could inhibit the inflammatory activation of cultured BV-2 microglia. A network pharmacology approach was employed to predict the active compounds of QFY, protein targets, and affected pathways. The representative pathways and molecular functions of the targets were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment. A total of 145 active compounds were selected from seven herbal ingredients of QFY. Targets (e.g., MAPT, APP, ACHE, iNOS, and COX-2) were predicted for the selected active compounds based on the relevance to AD and inflammation. As a validation, fractions were sequentially prepared by aqueous extraction, ethanolic precipitation, and HPLC separation, and assayed for downregulating two key proinflammatory biomarkers iNOS and COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) challenged BV-2 cells by the Western blotting technique. Moreover, the compounds of QFY in 90% ethanol downregulated iNOS in BV-2 cells but showed no activity against COX-2 induction. Among the herbal ingredients of QFY, Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma contributed to the selective inhibition of iNOS induction. Furthermore, chemical analysis identified ginsenosides, especially Rg3, as antineuroinflammatory compounds. The herbal formula QFY may ameliorate neuroinflammation via downregulating iNOS in microglia.
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Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Carpesium cernuum L. Methanolic Extract in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:3164239. [PMID: 32848508 PMCID: PMC7439783 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3164239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A hypernomic reaction or an abnormal inflammatory process could cause a series of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Additionally, oxidative stress has been identified to induce severe tissue injury and inflammation. Carpesium cernuum L. (C. cernuum) is a Chinese folk medicine used for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and detoxifying properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of C. cernuum in inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a methanolic extract of C. cernuum (CLME) on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages and a sepsis mouse model. The data presented in this study indicated that CLME inhibited LPS-induced production of proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in RAW 264.7 cells. CLME treatment also reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein in a dose-dependent manner in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, CLME treatment abolished the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), enhanced the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and reduced the expression of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and ERK kinase (MEK) phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These outcomes implied that CLME could be a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Role of Nrf2 and Its Activators in Cardiocerebral Vascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4683943. [PMID: 32831999 PMCID: PMC7428967 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4683943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiocerebral vascular disease (CCVD) is a common disease with high morbidity, disability, and mortality. Oxidative stress (OS) is closely related to the progression of CCVD. Abnormal redox regulation leads to OS and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause biomolecular and cellular damage. The Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway is one of the most important defense systems against exogenous and endogenous OS injury, and Nrf2 is regarded as a vital pharmacological target. The complexity of the CCVD pathological process and the current difficulties in conducting clinical trials have hindered the development of therapeutic drugs. Furthermore, little is known about the role of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in CCVD. Clarifying the role of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in CCVD can provide new ideas for drug design. This review details the recent advancements in the regulation of the Nrf2/ARE system and its role and activators in common CCVD development.
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Funes SC, Rios M, Fernández-Fierro A, Covián C, Bueno SM, Riedel CA, Mackern-Oberti JP, Kalergis AM. Naturally Derived Heme-Oxygenase 1 Inducers and Their Therapeutic Application to Immune-Mediated Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1467. [PMID: 32849503 PMCID: PMC7396584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is the primary antioxidant enzyme involved in heme group degradation. A variety of stimuli triggers the expression of the inducible HO-1 isoform, which is modulated by its substrate and cellular stressors. A major anti-inflammatory role has been assigned to the HO-1 activity. Therefore, in recent years HO-1 induction has been employed as an approach to treating several disorders displaying some immune alterations components, such as exacerbated inflammation or self-reactivity. Many natural compounds have shown to be effective inductors of HO-1 without cytotoxic effects; among them, most are chemicals present in plants used as food, flavoring, and medicine. Here we discuss some naturally derived compounds involved in HO-1 induction, their impact in the immune response modulation, and the beneficial effect in diverse autoimmune disorders. We conclude that the use of some compounds from natural sources able to induce HO-1 is an attractive lifestyle toward promoting human health. This review opens a new outlook on the investigation of naturally derived HO-1 inducers, mainly concerning autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta C Funes
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Rios
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ayleen Fernández-Fierro
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Covián
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millenium Institute on Immunolgy and Immunotherapy, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, IMBECU CCT Mendoza- CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Gao S, Li H, Xie H, Wu S, Yuan Y, Chu L, Sun S, Yang H, Wu L, Bai Y, Zhou Q, Wang X, Zhan B, Cui H, Yang X. Therapeutic efficacy of Schistosoma japonicum cystatin on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in a mouse model. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:260. [PMID: 32423469 PMCID: PMC7236195 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial dysfunction is one of the most common complications of multiple organ failure in septic shock and significantly increases mortality in patients with sepsis. Although many studies having confirmed that helminth-derived proteins have strong immunomodulatory functions and could treat inflammatory diseases, there is no report on the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma japonicum-produced cystatin (Sj-Cys) on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. METHODS A model of sepsis-induced myocardial injury was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. Upon CLP operation, each mouse was intraperitoneally treated with 10 µg of recombinant Sj-Cys (rSj-Cys). Twelve hours after CLP, the systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricular were examined by echocardiography. The levels of myoglobin (Mb), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in sera, and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in cardiac tissues were examined as biomarkers for heart injury. The heart tissue was collected for checking pathological changes, macrophages and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. To address the signaling pathway involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of rSj-Cys, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) was determined in heart tissue of mice with sepsis and LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes. In addition, the therapeutic effects of rSj-Cys on LPS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis were also detected. The levels of M1 biomarker iNOS and M2 biomarker Arg-1 were detected in heart tissue. The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β were measured in sera and their mRNA levels in heart tissue of rSj-Cys-treated mice. RESULTS After rSj-Cys treatment, the sepsis-induced heart malfunction was largely improved. The inflammation and injury of heart tissue were significantly alleviated, characterized as significantly decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells in cardiac tissues and fiber swelling, reduced levels of Mb, cTnI and NT-proBNP in sera, and MPO activity in heart tissue. The therapeutic efficacy of rSj-Cys is associated with downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and upregulated regulatory inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β), possibly through inhibiting the LPS-MyD88 signal pathway. CONCLUSIONS RSj-Cys significantly reduced sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of sepsis associated cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifang Gao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.,Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Shili Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.,Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Liang Chu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Siying Sun
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Lingqin Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Yongsheng Bai
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hu Cui
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China. .,Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
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12
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Cai J, Zhu Y, Zuo Y, Tong Q, Zhang Z, Yang L, Li X, Yi G. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide alleviates inflammatory cytokines and promotes glucose uptake in high‑glucose‑ and high‑insulin‑induced 3T3‑L1 adipocytes by promoting Nrf2 expression. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3951-3958. [PMID: 31485663 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) has been shown to alleviate hyperglycemia and reduce oxidative stress to delay the progression of diabetic retinopathy and cataracts. However, its role and underlying mechanisms in regulating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain unclear. Nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation plays a protective role in T2DM. The present study focused on the effect of PSP on inflammatory cytokine secretion and Nrf2 expression in the adipocytes of T2DM patients. In this study, high‑glucose‑ and high‑insulin‑induced 3T3‑L1 adipocytes were used to mimic insulin‑resistant (IR)‑3T3‑L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, the effect and underlying mechanisms of PSP on inflammation and glucose uptake in IR‑3T3‑L1 adipocytes were investigated. The present study found that proliferation after 50, 100 and 250 µg/ml PSP treatment had no significant change in normal 3T3‑L1 adipocytes. A total of 50, 100 and 250 µg/ml of PSP also alleviated IL‑1β, IL‑6, and TNF‑α levels and promoted proliferation, glucose uptake, and glucose transporter 4 expression in IR‑3T3‑L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, 50, 100 and 250 µg/ml PSP promoted Nrf2 and HO‑1 expression. However, silencing Nrf2 expression reversed the effect of 100 µg/ml PSP in IR‑3T3‑L1 adipocytes. In conclusion, these results suggest that PSP alleviates inflammatory cytokines and promotes glucose uptake in IR‑3T3‑L1 adipocytes by promoting Nrf2 expression. PSP may be a potential therapeutic agent for T2DM treatment by promoting Nrf2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialuo Cai
- Preventive Treatment of Disease Center, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Zhu
- Student Affairs Office, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Qiaozhen Tong
- Yueyang Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Preparation Center, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Preventive Treatment of Disease Center, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Gangqiang Yi
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
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13
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Sui C, Zhang L, Hu Y. MicroRNA‑let‑7a inhibition inhibits LPS‑induced inflammatory injury of chondrocytes by targeting IL6R. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2633-2640. [PMID: 31322277 PMCID: PMC6691277 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of degenerative joint disease that affects the health of the elderly. OA is characterized by articular cartilage degradation and joint inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of microRNA-let-7a (Let-7a) in OA by examining its role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cartilage inflammatory injury in ATDC5 cells. ATDC5 cells were treated with various concentrations of LPS. The present results suggested that 5 and 10 µg/ml LPS significantly inhibited ATDC5 cell viability, and 5 µg/ml LPS was selected for further experiments. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results suggested that treatment with LPS significantly induced the expression levels of multiple inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, and increased the expression level of Let-7a in ATDC5 cells. IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) was identified to be a direct target of Let-7a using TargetScan and a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Subsequently, Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry analyses identified that Let-7a inhibitor could significantly promote cell viability and reduce cell apoptosis in ATDC5 cells treated with LPS, and these effects could be reversed by transfection with small interfering (si)RNA-IL-6R. ELISA was used to examine the expression of inflammatory factors in ATDC5 cells following treatment with LPS. Additionally, RT-qPCR and western blotting were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression level of IL-6R and STAT3. The present results suggested that Let-7a inhibitor significantly reduced the expression level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in ATDC5 cells, and this effect was reversed by transfecting siRNA-IL-6R. Moreover, RT-qPCR and western blot assay results suggested that Let-7a inhibitor significantly increased the expression level of IL-6R and phosphorylated STAT3, and these effects could be reversed by siRNA-IL-6R. Collectively, Let-7a inhibitor increased cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis and inhibited inflammatory response in ATDC5 cells treated with LPS. The present study provided a new potential therapeutic target for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sui
- Department of Orthopaedics (Trauma Orthopaedics Ward), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Lecheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics (Trauma Orthopaedics Ward), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics (Trauma Orthopaedics Ward), The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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14
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Li Q, Chang Y, He Z, Chen L, Zhou X. Immunomodulatory activity of
Ganoderma lucidum
immunomodulatory protein
via
PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23337-23348. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi‐Zhang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Yu‐Zhou Chang
- Center for Microbiota and Immunological Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Zhu‐Mei He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Center for Microbiota and Immunological Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Xuan‐Wei Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China
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15
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Involvement of Nrf2 in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:496-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Xu JY, Xiong YY, Lu XT, Yang YJ. Regulation of Type 2 Immunity in Myocardial Infarction. Front Immunol 2019; 10:62. [PMID: 30761134 PMCID: PMC6362944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 immunity participates in the pathogeneses of helminth infection and allergic diseases. Emerging evidence indicates that the components of type 2 immunity are also involved in maintaining metabolic hemostasis and facilitating the healing process after tissue injury. Numerous preclinical studies have suggested regulation of type 2 immunity-related cytokines, such as interleukin-4, -13, and -33, and cell types, such as M2 macrophages, mast cells, and eosinophils, affects cardiac functions after myocardial infarction (MI), providing new insights into the importance of immune modulation in the infarcted heart. This review provides an overview of the functions of these cytokines and cells in the setting of MI as well as their potential to predict the severity and prognosis of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Yan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Lu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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17
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Amirova KM, Dimitrova P, Marchev AS, Aneva IY, Georgiev MI. Clinopodium vulgare L. (wild basil) extract and its active constituents modulate cyclooxygenase-2 expression in neutrophils. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 124:1-9. [PMID: 30481570 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinopodium vulgare L. (wild basil) has a wide range of ethnopharmacological applications and accumulates a broad spectrum of phenolic compounds, recognized for their anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The triggered cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment in the inflamed tissue and considered to be the main cause of failure of even new anticancer-/immune-therapies. Nowadays, selective and novel plant-derived COX-2 inhibitors with safe profile are subject of profound research interest. This study aimed to analyze the metabolic profile of C. vulgare and search for phenolic molecules with potential biological properties. By application of 1H and 2D-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) profiling, caffeic, chlorogenic acids and catechin were identified along with a bunch of primary and secondary metabolites. Further, the biological effect of C. vulgare extract (CVE) and its constituents on zymosan-induced COX-2 expression and apoptosis of murine neutrophils have been studied. The CVE, caffeic and chlorogenic acids inhibited zymosan-induced COX-2 expression in bone marrow neutrophils, in vitro and in vivo activated. The obtained data indicate that CVE may have a good potential to manipulate neutrophil functions, however, its action may depend on the cellular state, the inflammatory milieu and the relative content of caffeic and chlorogenic acid in the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petya Dimitrova
- Department of Immunology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Andrey S Marchev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ina Y Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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