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Pandey A, Belwal T, Tamta S, Rawal RS. Optimized extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants from the leaves of Himalayan Oak species. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259350. [PMID: 34731221 PMCID: PMC8565745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study heat-assisted extraction conditions were optimized to enhance extraction yield of antioxidant polyphenols from leaves of Himalayan Quercus species. In initial experiments, a five-factor Plackett-Burman design including 12 experimental runs was tested against the total polyphenolic content (TP). Amongst, XA: extraction temperature, XC: solvent concentration and XE: sample-to-solvent ratio had shown significant influence on yield. These influential factors were further subject to a three-factor-three-level Box-Wilson Central Composite Design; including 20 experimental runs and 3D response surface methodology plots were used to determine optimum conditions [i.e. XA: (80°C), XC:(87%), XE: (1g/40ml)].This optimized condition was further used in other Quercus species of western Himalaya, India. The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) revealed occurrence of 12 polyphenols in six screened Quercus species with the highest concentration of catechin followed by gallic acid. Amongest, Q. franchetii and Q. serrata shared maximum numbers of polyphenolic antioxidants (8 in each). This optimized extraction condition of Quercus species can be utilized for precise quantification of polyphenols and their use in pharmaceutical industries as a potential substitute of synthetic polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseesh Pandey
- G.B. Pant ‘National Institute of Himalayan Environment’ (NIHE), Almora, Uttarakhand, India
- G.B. Pant ‘National Institute of Himalayan Environment’ (NIHE), Sikkim Regional Centre, Gangtok, East Sikkim, India
- Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Tarun Belwal
- G.B. Pant ‘National Institute of Himalayan Environment’ (NIHE), Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sushma Tamta
- Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ranbeer S. Rawal
- G.B. Pant ‘National Institute of Himalayan Environment’ (NIHE), Almora, Uttarakhand, India
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Pinto G, De Pascale S, Aponte M, Scaloni A, Addeo F, Caira S. Polyphenol Profiling of Chestnut Pericarp, Integument and Curing Water Extracts to Qualify These Food By-Products as a Source of Antioxidants. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082335. [PMID: 33920529 PMCID: PMC8073822 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenols have beneficial antioxidant effects on human health; practices aimed at preserving their content in foods and/or reusing food by-products are encouraged. The impact of the traditional practice of the water curing procedure of chestnuts, which prevents insect/mould damage during storage, was studied to assess the release of polyphenols from the fruit. Metabolites extracted from pericarp and integument tissues or released in the medium from the water curing process were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and electrospray-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ESI-qTOF-MS). This identified: (i) condensed and hydrolyzable tannins made of (epi)catechin (procyanidins) and acid ellagic units in pericarp tissues; (ii) polyphenols made of gallocatechin and catechin units condensed with gallate (prodelphinidins) in integument counterparts; (iii) metabolites resembling those reported above in the wastewater from the chestnut curing process. Comparative experiments were also performed on aqueous media recovered from fruits treated with processes involving: (i) tap water; (ii) tap water containing an antifungal Lb. pentosus strain; (iii) wastewater from a previous curing treatment. These analyses indicated that the former treatment determines a 6–7-fold higher release of polyphenols in the curing water with respect to the other ones. This event has a negative impact on the luster of treated fruits but qualifies the corresponding wastes as a source of antioxidants. Such a phenomenon does not occur in wastewater from the other curing processes, where the release of polyphenols was reduced, thus preserving the chestnut’s appearance. Polyphenol profiling measurements demonstrated that bacterial presence in water hampered the release of pericarp metabolites. This study provides a rationale to traditional processing practices on fruit appearance and qualifies the corresponding wastes as a source of bioactive compounds for other nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Pinto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Sabrina De Pascale
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy; (S.D.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Aponte
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, via Università 100, Parco Gussone, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy; (S.D.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesco Addeo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, via Università 100, Parco Gussone, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Simonetta Caira
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy; (S.D.P.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Oliveira DAJ, Amaral JG, Garcia LB, Dos Santos MS, Silva LAO, Almeida MP, Gomes AF, Barros DRP, Lopes NP, Pereira GR, Dos Santos ODH, Ruela ALM. Associating chitosan and microemulsion as a topical vehicle for the administration of herbal medicines. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 255:117482. [PMID: 33436242 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A viscous solution of low molecular weight chitosan (CH) at 5% w/v (10.2 kDa, 75 % deacetylated, 1451 cP at 25 °C) was associated with a microemulsion (ME) that undergoes a phase transition after water absorption in situ (≈28 % w/w), forming a more viscous liquid crystal, which was potentially evaluated as a topical vehicle. The ME was selected from a phase diagram, selecting a composition based on Tween® 80 (52 %), myristate isopropyl (28 %), and the aqueous phase (water and polyethylene glycol 400, 60:40 w/w) (20 %), which was after replaced by CH and herbal medicines (HM). HM are alternatives to treat candidiasis, and Stryphnodendron adstringens shell extract, characterized by molecular networking, and Melaleuca alternifolia Chell essential oil (46 % of terpinen-4-ol), showed in vitro activity against Candida albicans. Associating CH in ME improved the mechanical properties of the topical formulation, as adhesiveness, which is an advantageous feature for the topical treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A J Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Juliano G Amaral
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Laryana B Garcia
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Milena S Dos Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Lorena A O Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Maiara P Almeida
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Angélica F Gomes
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Danielle R P Barros
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Norberto P Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gislaine R Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Orlando D H Dos Santos
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - André L M Ruela
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Dong X, Tang Y, Zhan C, Wei G. Green tea extract EGCG plays a dual role in Aβ 42 protofibril disruption and membrane protection: A molecular dynamic study. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 234:105024. [PMID: 33278382 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid plaques accumulated by the amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillar aggregates are the major pathological hallmark of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibiting aggregation and disassembling preformed fibrils of Aβ by natural small molecules have developed into a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. Previous experiments reported that the green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) can disrupt Aβ fibril and reduce Aβ cytotoxicity. The inhibitory ability of EGCG can also be affected by cellular membranes. Thus, it is essential to consider the membrane influences in the investigation of protofibril-disruptive capability of EGCG. Here, we performed multiple all-atom molecular dynamic simulations to investigate the effect of EGCG on the Aβ42 protofibril in the presence of a mixed POPC/POPG (7:3) lipid bilayer and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. Our simulations show that in the presence of membrane bilayers, EGCG has a preference to bind to the membrane, and this binding alters the binding modes between Aβ42 protofibril and the lipid bilayer, leading to a reduced membrane thinning, indicative of a protective effect of EGCG on the membrane. And EGCG still displays a disruptive effect on Aβ42 protofibril, albeit with a lesser extent of disruption than that in the membrane-free environment. EGCG destabilizes the two hydrophobic core regions (L17-F19-I31 and F4-L34-V36), and disrupts the intrachain K28-A42 salt bridges. Our results reveal that in the presence of lipid bilayers, EGCG plays a dual role in Aβ42 protofibril disruption and membrane protection, suggesting that EGCG could be a potential effective drug candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Dong
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiming Tang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Chendi Zhan
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
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Gong X, Xu L, Fang X, Zhao X, Du Y, Wu H, Qian Y, Ma Z, Xia T, Gu X. Protective effects of grape seed procyanidin on isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Pharm Biol 2020; 58:200-207. [PMID: 32114864 PMCID: PMC7067175 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1730913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Context: Oxidative imbalance-induced cognitive impairment is among the most urgent clinical concerns. Isoflurane has been demonstrated to impair cognitive function via an increase in oxidative stress. GSP has strong antioxidant capacities, suggesting potential cognitive benefits.Objective: This study investigates whether GSP pre-treatment can alleviate isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice.Materials and methods: C57BL/6J mice were pre-treated with either GSP 25-100 mg/kg/d for seven days or GSP 100-400 mg/kg as a single dose before the 6 h isoflurane anaesthesia. Cognitive functioning was examined using the fear conditioning tests. The levels of SOD, p-NR2B and p-CREB in the hippocampus were also analysed.Results: Pre-treatment with either a dose of GSP 50 mg/kg/d for seven days or a single dose of GSP 200 mg/kg significantly increased the % freezing time in contextual tests on the 1st (72.18 ± 12.39% vs. 37.60 ± 8.93%; 78.27 ± 8.46% vs. 52.72 ± 2.64%), 3rd (93.80 ± 7.62% vs. 52.94 ± 14.10%; 87.65 ± 10.86% vs. 52.89 ± 1.73%) and 7th (91.36 ± 5.31% vs. 64.09 ± 14.46%; 93.78 ± 3.92% vs. 79.17 ± 1.79%) day after anaesthesia. In the hippocampus of mice exposed to isoflurane, GSP 200 mg/kg increased the total SOD activity on the 1st and 3rd day and reversed the decreased activity of the NR2B/CREB pathway.Discussion and conclusions: These findings suggest that GSP improves isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by protecting against perturbing antioxidant enzyme activities and NR2B/CREB pathway. Therefore, GSP may possess a potential prophylactic role in isoflurane-induced and other oxidative stress-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdan Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianjiao Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Kpemissi M, Potârniche AV, Lawson-Evi P, Metowogo K, Melila M, Dramane P, Taulescu M, Chandramohan V, Suhas DS, Puneeth TA, S VK, Vlase L, Andrei S, Eklu-Gadegbeku K, Sevastre B, Veerapur VP. Nephroprotective effect of Combretum micranthum G. Don in nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy in rats: In-vivo and in-silico experiments. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 261:113133. [PMID: 32673708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Combretum micranthum G. Don (CM) is extensively used in traditional medicine throughout West Africa and commonly known as "long-life herbal tea" or "plant to heal". Further, traditional healers frequently use the title plant to mitigate of renal disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the nephroprotective property of standardised hydroalcoholic extract of Combretum micranthum in nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. In addition, in-silico computational experiments were performed with bioactive compounds of the title plant against PPARα and PPARγ. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male rats were made diabetic by a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of STZ (50 mg/kg), 15 min after ip administration of NA (100 mg/kg) dissolved in normal saline. The diabetic rats received CM extract (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) daily, for eight weeks. Body weights and blood glucose (non-fasting and fasting) of rats were measured weekly. Daily food and water consumption were also measured. After 8 weeks of treatment, urine biochemical parameters such as N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG), urea (UR), uric acid (UA), creatinine (CRE), and serum markers of diabetes, kidney damage and liver damage such as insulin, lipid parameters), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT), albumin (Alb), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), phosphorus (P), were estimated. Blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were also estimated. kidney and liver were used for biochemical estimation of oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. The kidney and pancreas were used for histopathological study. Further, HPLC chemoprofiling of CM extract and in-silico molecular simulation experiments were performed. RESULTS At the end of eight weeks, renal damage induced by the consequence of prolong diabetic condition was confirmed by altered levels of serum and urine kidney and liver function markers, oxidative stress markers and histopathological variations in kidney. Treatment with CM extract ameliorated the diabetes mellitus-induced renal biochemical parameters and histopathological changes. Further, HPLC-UV & MS experiments revealed that CM extract contains several bioactive compounds including hyperozide (62.35 μg/mg of extract) and quercitrin (19.07 μg/mg of extract). In-silico experiment exhibited cianidanol (-17.133), epicatechin (-15.107) exhibited higher docking score against PPARα and luteoforol (-11.038), epigallocatechin (-10.736) against PPARγ. Based on docking and drug likeness score, four bioactive compounds were selected for molecular dynamic experiments. Cianidanol and epigallocatechin out of the 30 compounds are concluded as a potential candidate for the treatment of DN through activating PPARα and PPARγ target protein. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present study provided the scientific footage for the traditional use of Combretum micranthum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabozou Kpemissi
- University of Lomé, Togo; University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B.H. Road, Tumkur, 572 102, Karnataka, India.
| | - Adrian-Valentin Potârniche
- University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Pare Dramane
- University of Ouagadougou UFR/SVT, 09 BP 848, Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso
| | - Marian Taulescu
- University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vivek Chandramohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, 572103, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Vijaya Kumar S
- Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B.H. Road, Tumkur, 572 102, Karnataka, India
| | - Laurian Vlase
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hateganu", Emil Isaac Street 13, 400023, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sanda Andrei
- University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Bogdan Sevastre
- University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Bae HJ, Kim J, Jeon SJ, Kim J, Goo N, Jeong Y, Cho K, Cai M, Jung SY, Kwon KJ, Ryu JH. Green tea extract containing enhanced levels of epimerized catechins attenuates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 258:112923. [PMID: 32360798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Green tea has been used as a traditional medicine to control brain function and digestion. Recent works suggest that drinking green tea could prevent cognitive function impairment. During tea manufacturing processes, such as brewing and sterilization, green tea catechins are epimerized. However, the effects of heat-epimerized catechins on cognitive function are still unknown. To take this advantage, we developed a new green tea extract, high temperature processed-green tea extract (HTP-GTE), which has a similar catechin composition to green tea beverages. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effect of HTP-GTE on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction and neuronal differentiation, and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The neuronal differentiation promoting effects of HTP-GTE in SH-SY5Y cells was assessed by evaluating neurite length and the expression level of synaptophysin. The DNA methylation status at the synaptophysin promoter was determined in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and in the hippocampi of mice. HTP-GTE was administered for 10 days at doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg (p.o.) to mice, and its effects on cognitive functions were measured by Y-maze and passive avoidance tests under scopolamine-induced cholinergic blockade state. RESULTS HTP-GTE induced neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth via the upregulation of synaptophysin gene expression. These beneficial effects of HTP-GTE resulted from reducing DNA methylation levels at the synaptophysin promoter via the suppression of DNMT1 activity. The administration of HTP-GTE ameliorated cognitive impairments in a scopolamine-treated mouse model. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HTP-GTE could alleviate cognitive impairment by regulating synaptophysin expression and DNA methylation levels. Taken together, HTP-GTE would be a promising treatment for the cognitive impairment observed in dysfunction of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jung Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Goo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungnam Cho
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudan Cai
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ja Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Unno K, Furushima D, Nomura Y, Yamada H, Iguchi K, Taguchi K, Suzuki T, Ozeki M, Nakamura Y. Antidepressant Effect of Shaded White Leaf Tea Containing High Levels of Caffeine and Amino Acids. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153550. [PMID: 32756488 PMCID: PMC7435365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The young leaves of green tea become lighter in color than usual when protected from sunlight by a shading net for about two weeks while growing. These leaves are called "shaded white leaf tea" or SWLT. In the eluate of SWLT, the amount of amino acids (361 mg/L) was significantly higher than that in regular tea (53.5 mg/L). Since theanine and arginine, the first and second most abundant amino acids in SWLT, have significant antistress effects, we examined the antistress effect of SWLT on humans. SWLT or placebo green tea (3 g) was eluted with room-temperature water (500 mL). Participants consumed the tea for one week prior to pharmacy practice and continued for 10 days in the practice period. The state-trait anxiety inventory, an anxiety questionnaire, tended to be scored lower in the SWLT group than the placebo, but other stress markers showed no differences. The effect of the difference in SWLT components examined with mice showed that aspartic acid and asparagine, which are abundant in SWLT, counteracted the antistress effects of theanine and arginine. Large amounts of caffeine also interfered with SWLT's antistress effect. Thus, SWLT, which is high in caffeine and amino acids, suppressed depressant behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Unno
- Tea Science Center, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-54-264-5822
| | - Daisuke Furushima
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (D.F.); (Y.N.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yuzuki Nomura
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (D.F.); (Y.N.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (D.F.); (Y.N.); (H.Y.)
| | - Kazuaki Iguchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan;
| | - Kyoko Taguchi
- Tea Science Center, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Toshikazu Suzuki
- Tea Research Center, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Kikugawa, Shizuoka 439-0002, Japan;
| | - Makoto Ozeki
- Nutrition Division, R&D Group, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan;
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- Tea Science Center, Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.N.)
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9
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Toro-Uribe S, Herrero M, Decker EA, López-Giraldo LJ, Ibáñez E. Preparative Separation of Procyanidins from Cocoa Polyphenolic Extract: Comparative Study of Different Fractionation Techniques. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122842. [PMID: 32575615 PMCID: PMC7356151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide further insight into the antioxidant potential of procyanidins (PCs) from cocoa beans, PC extract was fractionated by several methodologies, including solid phase extraction, Sephadex LH-20 gel permeation, and preparative HPLC using C18 and diol stationary phases. All the isolated fractions were analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS to determine their relative composition. According to our results, classical techniques allowed good separation of alkaloids, catechins, dimers, and trimers, but were inefficient for oligomeric PCs. Preparative C18-HPLC method allowed the attainment of high relative composition of fractions enriched with alkaloids, catechins, and PCs with degree of polymerization (DP) < 4. However, the best results were obtained by preparative diol-HPLC, providing a separation according to the increasing DP. According to the mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern, the nine isolated fractions (Fractions II–X) consisted of exclusively individual PCs and their corresponding isomers (same DP). In summary, an efficient, robust, and fast method using a preparative diol column for the isolation of PCs is proposed. Regarding DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activity, it increases according to the DP; therefore, the highest activity was for cocoa extract > PCs > monomers. Thereby, cocoa procyanidins might be of interest to be used as alternative antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Toro-Uribe
- School of Chemical Engineering, Food Science & Technology Research Center (CICTA), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 27, Calle 9, Bucaramanga 68002, Colombia; (S.T.-U.); (L.J.L.-G.)
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eric A. Decker
- Chenoweth Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 100 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Luis Javier López-Giraldo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Food Science & Technology Research Center (CICTA), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 27, Calle 9, Bucaramanga 68002, Colombia; (S.T.-U.); (L.J.L.-G.)
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-001-7956; Fax: +34-91-001-7905
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Ciesielski O, Biesiekierska M, Balcerczyk A. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) Alters Histone Acetylation and Methylation and Impacts Chromatin Architecture Profile in Human Endothelial Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102326. [PMID: 32429384 PMCID: PMC7287656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the main green tea polyphenol, exerts a wide variety of biological actions. Epigenetically, the catechin has been classified as a DNMTs inhibitor, however, its impact on histone modifications and chromatin structure is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to find the impact of EGCG on the histone posttranslational modifications machinery and chromatin remodeling in human endothelial cells of both microvascular (HMEC-1) and vein (HUVECs) origin. We analyzed the methylation and acetylation status of histones (Western blotting), as well as assessed the activity (fluorometric assay kit) and gene expression (qPCR) of the enzymes playing a prominent role in shaping the human epigenome. The performed analyses showed that EGCG increases histone acetylation (H3K9/14ac, H3ac), and methylation of both active (H3K4me3) and repressive (H3K9me3) chromatin marks. We also found that the catechin acts as an HDAC inhibitor in cellular and cell-free models. Additionally, we observed that EGCG affects chromatin architecture by reducing the expression of heterochromatin binding proteins: HP1α, HP1γ. Our results indicate that EGCG promotes chromatin relaxation in human endothelial cells and presents a broad epigenetic potential affecting expression and activity of epigenome modulators including HDAC5 and 7, p300, CREBP, LSD1 or KMT2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Ciesielski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (O.C.); (M.B.)
- The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Biesiekierska
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (O.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Aneta Balcerczyk
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (O.C.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-635-45-10
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11
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Okello EJ, Mather J. Comparative Kinetics of Acetyl- and Butyryl-Cholinesterase Inhibition by Green Tea Catechins|Relevance to the Symptomatic Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041090. [PMID: 32326457 PMCID: PMC7230519 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by the apoptosis of cholinergic neurons and the consequent attenuation of acetylcholine mediated neurotransmission, resulting in neurodegeneration. Acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl-cholinesterase (BuChE) are attractive therapeutic targets in the treatment of AD since inhibition of these enzymes can be used to restore synaptic concentrations of acetylcholine. Whilst inhibitors for these enzymes such as galantamine and rivastigmine have been approved for use, none are able to halt the progression of AD and are responsible for the production of troublesome side-effects. Efficacious cholinesterase inhibitors have been isolated from natural plant-based compounds with many demonstrating additional benefits beyond cholinesterase inhibition, such as antioxidation and anti-inflammation, which are key parts of AD pathology. In this study, five natural flavan-3-ol (catechin) compounds: ((-)-epicatechin (EC), catechin, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG),) (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), isolated from green tea, were screened for their cholinesterase inhibitory activity using the Ellman assay. The kinetics of inhibition was determined using reciprocal Lineweaver-Burk plots. EGCG was the only compound found to produce statistically significant, competitive inhibition, of both AChE (p < 0.01) and BuChE (p < 0.01) with IC50 values of 0.0148 µmol/mL and 0.0251 µmol/mL respectively. These results, combined with previously identified antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, highlight the potential use of EGCG in the treatment of AD, provided it can be delivered to cholinergic neurons in therapeutic concentrations. Further testing of EGCG in vivo is recommended to fully characterise the pharmacokinetic properties, optimal method of administration and efficacy of this novel plant-based compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Okello
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)19-1208-5175
| | - Joshua Mather
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Catherine Cookson Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
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12
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Rue EA, Glinski JA, Glinski VB, van Breemen RB. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry for the separation and analysis of procyanidins. J Mass Spectrom 2020; 55:e4377. [PMID: 31144405 PMCID: PMC7531352 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Procyanidins are polymeric flavan-3-ones occurring in many plants with antioxidant and other beneficial bioactivities. They are composed of catechin and epicatechin monomeric units connected by single carbon-carbon B-type linkages or A-type linkages containing both carbon-carbon and carbon-oxygen-carbon bonds. Their polymeric structure makes analysis of procyanidin mixtures always difficult. Evaluation of procyanidins according to degree of polymerization (DP) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is time-consuming and at best has resolved polymeric families up to DP-17. To expedite studies of procyanidins, the utility of positive ion electrospray ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) was investigated for the rapid separation and characterization of procyanidins in mixtures. Applying IM-MS to analyse structurally defined standards containing up to five subunits, procyanidins could be resolved in less than 6 ms not only by degree of polymerization but also by linkage type. A-type procyanidins could be resolved from B-type and both could be at least partially resolved from mixed-type procyanidins of the same DP. IM-MS separated higher order procyanidins with DP of at least 24 from extracts of cranberry. As DP increased, the abundances of multiply-charged procyanidins also increased. During IM-MS of ions of similar m/z, the ion drift times decreased inversely with increasing charge state. Therefore, IM-MS was shown to separate mixtures of procyanidins containing at least 24 interconnected subunits in less than 16 ms, not only according to DP, but also according to linkage type between subunits and charge state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Rue
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | | | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Fujishima MAT, Sá DMC, Lima CMDS, Bittencourt JAHM, Pereira WLA, Muribeca ADJB, e Silva CYY, da Silva MN, de Sousa FFO, dos Santos CBR, da Silva JO. Chemical profiling of Curatella americana Linn leaves by UPLC-HRMS and its wound healing activity in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225514. [PMID: 31929529 PMCID: PMC6957176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on ethnopharmacological studies, a lot of plants, as well as its compounds, have been investigated for the potential use as wound healing agents. In Brazil, Curatella americana is traditionally used by local people to treat wounds, ulcers and inflammations. However, to the best of our knowledge, its traditional use in the treatment of wounds has not been validated by a scientific study. Here, some compounds, many of them flavonoids, were identified in the hydroethanolic extract from the leaves of C. americana (HECA) by LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS. Besides that, solutions containing different concentrations of HECA and a gel produced with this extract were evaluated for its antimicrobial, coagulant and wound healing activities on an excision mouse wound model as well as its acute dermal safety. A total of thirteen compounds were identified in HECA, mainly quercetin, kaempferol and glucoside derivatives of both, besides catechin and epicatechin known as wound healing agents. The group treated with 1% of HECA exhibited highest wound healing activity and best rate of wound contraction confirmed by histopathology results. The present study provides scientific evidence of, this extract (HECA) possess remarkable wound healing activity, thereby, supporting the traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Amoras Teles Fujishima
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Dayse Maria Cunha Sá
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Miranda de Sousa Lima
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - José Adolfo H. M. Bittencourt
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cleydson B. R. dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Jocivania Oliveira da Silva
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil
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14
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Vechi G, da Silva RDCMVDAF, de Souza P, da Silva LM, de Andrade SF, Cechinel Filho V. Cryptostrobin and catechin isolated from Eugenia mattosii D. Legrand leaves induce endothelium-dependent and independent relaxation in spontaneously hypertensive rat aorta. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:950-957. [PMID: 31454698 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the therapeutic potential of phenolic compounds, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in the relaxation induced by cryptostrobin and catechin, isolated from Eugenia mattosii D. Legrand leaves, in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS The thoracic aorta was isolated from SHR and kept in the organ bath system by recording contractile or relaxant responses. RESULTS The addition of cumulative concentrations of cryptostrobin and catechin induced endothelium-dependent and-independent relaxation in aorta rings from SHR, as well as both compounds were effective in reducing phenylephrine-induced contraction. Pretreatment of aortic rings with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methylester (L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) or 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase), resulted in a significant change of relaxant effect induced by catechin, and a slight influence on cryptostrobin-induced relaxation. Muscarinic receptor and potassium channels are involved in catechin-induced relaxation as assessed using atropine (a muscarinic receptor antagonist), tetraethylammonium (a non-selective K+ channel blocker) and glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker). Conversely, cryptostrobin, but not catechin, blunted the contraction induced by the addition of phenylephrine in a calcium-free solution. Besides that, cryptostrobin attenuated the contraction of rat aorta rings induced by internal Ca2+ release and external Ca2+ influx. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that cryptostrobin and catechin alter vascular smooth muscle reactivity, and this effect may be involved, at least in part, by enhancing the endothelium NO/cGMP pathway and potassium channels activation. In addition, cryptostrobin reduced the phenylephrine, KCl and CaCl2-induced contractions in a calcium-free solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Vechi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luísa Mota da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Faloni de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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15
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Tong T, Liu YJ, Kang J, Zhang CM, Kang SG. Antioxidant Activity and Main Chemical Components of a Novel Fermented Tea. Molecules 2019; 24:E2917. [PMID: 31408939 PMCID: PMC6720624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to develop a novel fermented tea (NFT) product and to evaluate their in vitro antioxidant potential and chemical composition. We found that NFT contained a high level of total phenolic compounds (102.98 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) and exhibited diverse antioxidant activities, such as scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, as well as reducing power. The total catechins in NFT were comparable to those of Lipton black tea (LBT), but lower than those of Boseong green tea (BGT) or Tieguanyin oolong tea (TOT). Among all catechins tested, epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) were the predominant compounds in NFT. In particular, the contents of total theaflavins (TFs), theaflavin (TF), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF3G), and theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF3'G) in NFT were significantly higher than that of BGT, TOT, or LBT. NFT had the highest level of total essential amino acid and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) compared with BGT, TOT and LBT. Furthermore, the sensory evaluation results showed that NFT had satisfactory color, aroma, taste, and overall acceptability scores. Our results highlight the potential usefulness of this novel fermented tea as a nutraceutical food/ingredient with special functional activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ya-Juan Liu
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, 61 Dorimri, Chungkyemyon, Muangun, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea
| | - Jinhong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea,
| | - Cheng-Mei Zhang
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, 61 Dorimri, Chungkyemyon, Muangun, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea
| | - Seong-Gook Kang
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, 61 Dorimri, Chungkyemyon, Muangun, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
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16
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Guo J, Yue T, Yuan Y. Impact of polyphenols on the headspace concentration of aroma compounds in apple cider. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:1635-1642. [PMID: 30191567 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the effect of polyphenols on the release of aroma compounds in apple cider, the impact of (-)-epicatechin, hydrocaffeic acid and phloridzin on volatility of 12 typical aroma compounds was investigated by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Analysis of variance results showed that increased concentrations of the phenolic compounds significantly affected the headspace concentration of most aroma compounds. The three polyphenols induced a volatility decrease for the majority of hydrophobic aroma compounds, while they exhibited an opposite behavior by salting out some hydrophilic alcohols. (-)-Epicatechin and hydrocaffeic acid showed a higher retention effect on most hydrophobic aroma compounds than phloridzin did. CONCLUSION This study showed that the polyphenols had varying effects on aroma compound volatility in apple cider. The physicochemical characteristics and spatial conformation of polyphenols and aroma compounds influenced the magnitude of aroma-polyphenol interaction in apple cider. Understanding the effects of polyphenols on aroma release can improve the prediction of aroma profiles through chemical analysis, which assists cidermakers in improving the aroma quality of apple cider. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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17
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Gu R, Rybalov L, Negrin A, Morcol T, Long W, Myers AK, Isaac G, Yuk J, Kennelly EJ, Long C. Metabolic Profiling of Different Parts of Acer truncatum from the Mongolian Plateau Using UPLC-QTOF-MS with Comparative Bioactivity Assays. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:1585-1597. [PMID: 30675777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acer truncatum is an important ornamental, edible, and medicinal plant resource in China. Previous phytochemical research has focused on the leaf (AL) due to its long history as a tea for health. Other parts such as the branch (ABr), bark (ABa), fruit (AF), and root (AR) have drawn little attention regarding their metabolites and bioactivities. The strategy of an in-house chemical library combined with Progenesis QI informatics platform was applied to characterize the metabolites. A total of 98 compounds were characterized or tentatively identified, including 63 compounds reported from this species for the first time. Principal component analysis showed the close clustering of ABr, ABa, and AR, indicating that they share similar chemical components, while AL and AF clustered more distantly. By multiple orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analyses (OPLS-DA), 52 compounds were identified as potential marker compounds differentiating these different plant parts. The variable influence on projection score from OPLS-DA revealed that catechin, procyanidins B2 or B3, and procyanidins C1 or C2 are the significant metabolites in ABa extracts, which likely contribute to its antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Gu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Minzu University of China , 27 Zhong-Guan-Cun South Avenue , Haidian, Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Levi Rybalov
- Macaulay Honors College , City University of New York , 35 West 67th Street , New York City , New York 10023 , United States
| | - Adam Negrin
- Ph.D. Program in Biology, The Graduate Center , City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York , New York 10016 United States
| | - Taylan Morcol
- Ph.D. Program in Biology, The Graduate Center , City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York , New York 10016 United States
| | - Weiwen Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Wright State University , 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway , Dayton , Ohio 45435 , United States
| | - Amanda K Myers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Wright State University , 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway , Dayton , Ohio 45435 , United States
| | - Giorgis Isaac
- Waters Corporation , 34 Maple Street , Milford , Massachusetts 01757 , United States
| | - Jimmy Yuk
- Waters Corporation , 34 Maple Street , Milford , Massachusetts 01757 , United States
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Ph.D. Program in Biology, The Graduate Center , City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue , New York , New York 10016 United States
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences , Minzu University of China , 27 Zhong-Guan-Cun South Avenue , Haidian, Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine , Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Isemura
- Tea Science Center, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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19
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Muguruma H, Murakami S, Takahashi S, Osakabe N, Inoue H, Ohsawa T. Separationless and Adsorptionless Quantification of Individual Catechins in Green Tea with a Carbon Nanotube-Carboxymethylcellulose Electrode. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:943-954. [PMID: 30598043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the electrochemical quantification of individual catechins (epicatechin, EC; epigallocatechin, EGC; epicatechingallate, ECG; and epigallocatechingallate, EGCG) in a green tea infusion without a separation process nor any adsorption complication. In the detection of catechins, long-length carbon nanotube (CNT)-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) thin-film electrodes have attractive properties, such as well-defined current peaks, high reproducibility from sample to sample, high repeatability, and low background current. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) for real green tea, which is mainly composed of a mixture of the four catechins, are produced by the sum of those catechins. A set of three specific peaks in the CVs of the real green tea samples, as catechin-mixture solutions, was used for quantification of the individual catechins. The CVs of the real samples are similar to the CVs of intentionally prepared mixture solutions with the catechin-component ratios determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The values for the real samples determined from the CVs show good agreement with those obtained by HPLC. The novelty of the work is the demonstration of the usefulness of the CNT-CMC electrode and the separationless quantification of individual catechins in green tea for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Muguruma
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science , Shibaura Institute of Technology , 3-7-5 Toyosu , Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Murakami
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science , Shibaura Institute of Technology , 3-7-5 Toyosu , Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548 , Japan
| | - Shota Takahashi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Engineering and Science , Shibaura Institute of Technology , 3-7-5 Toyosu , Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548 , Japan
| | - Naomi Osakabe
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science , Shibaura Institute of Technology , 307 Fukasaku , Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570 , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inoue
- Nippon Shizai Company Ltd. , 1-5-6 Bakurou-machi , Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0059 , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohsawa
- Nippon Shizai Company Ltd. , 1-5-6 Bakurou-machi , Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0059 , Japan
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Amirova KM, Dimitrova P, Marchev AS, Aneva IY, Georgiev MI. Clinopodium vulgare L. (wild basil) extract and its active constituents modulate cyclooxygenase-2 expression in neutrophils. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 124:1-9. [PMID: 30481570 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinopodium vulgare L. (wild basil) has a wide range of ethnopharmacological applications and accumulates a broad spectrum of phenolic compounds, recognized for their anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The triggered cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment in the inflamed tissue and considered to be the main cause of failure of even new anticancer-/immune-therapies. Nowadays, selective and novel plant-derived COX-2 inhibitors with safe profile are subject of profound research interest. This study aimed to analyze the metabolic profile of C. vulgare and search for phenolic molecules with potential biological properties. By application of 1H and 2D-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) profiling, caffeic, chlorogenic acids and catechin were identified along with a bunch of primary and secondary metabolites. Further, the biological effect of C. vulgare extract (CVE) and its constituents on zymosan-induced COX-2 expression and apoptosis of murine neutrophils have been studied. The CVE, caffeic and chlorogenic acids inhibited zymosan-induced COX-2 expression in bone marrow neutrophils, in vitro and in vivo activated. The obtained data indicate that CVE may have a good potential to manipulate neutrophil functions, however, its action may depend on the cellular state, the inflammatory milieu and the relative content of caffeic and chlorogenic acid in the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petya Dimitrova
- Department of Immunology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Andrey S Marchev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ina Y Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Jiang W, Zhou X, Yang Y, Zhou Z. Integrated Utilization of Red Radish for the Efficient Production of High-Purity Procyanidin Dimers. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:9291-9300. [PMID: 29969257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Red radish was extracted by methanol to obtain crude radish procyanidin extracts. The purity of procyanidin (PP) and procyanidin dimers (PD) of crude radish procyanidin extracts under different ratios of methanol to radish was optimized to achieve the best extraction performance. Then the crude radish procyanidin extracts was, respectively, processed six macroporous resins separation to separate radish procyanidin oligomers (RPO) and polymers (RPP). Depolymerization of radish procyanidin polymers (RPP) into oligomers was then conducted. N-Acetylneuraminate lyase (NAL) was first used as the enzyme to depolymerize RPP. The depolymerization yield (DY) under different depolymerized conditions was also investigated. Results showed the DY of RPP would achieve 53.24 ± 0.35% at the best conditions. Then the high-purity procyanidin dimers was prepared by depolymerized procyanidin oligomers and PRO. Additionally, the chemical structure of the preparative radish procyanidin dimers was elucidated by high-resolution mass spectrometry and one- and two-dimensional NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , PR China
| | - Xiaohua Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , PR China
| | - Zhiming Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , PR China
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Qin FY, Cheng LZ, Yan YM, Liu BH, Cheng YX. Choushenosides A-C, three dimeric catechin glucosides from Codonopsis pilosula collected in Yunnan province, China. Phytochemistry 2018; 153:53-57. [PMID: 29864628 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Choushenosides A-C, three dimeric catechin glucosides, were isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula cultivated at high elevations in Yunnan province of the People's Republic of China. The structures of these substances were determined by using spectroscopic and chemical methods. Biological evaluation showed that choushenoside C is a dose-dependent inhibitor of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ying Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Zhi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Hua Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Thearubigins (TRs) are the major components of black tea, which are formed during the fermentation reactions. Although anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of TRs have been reported, the prepared TRs according to the literature methods still contain many floating peaks. It is puzzling whether the observed activities are from TRs or these floating peaks. Thus, it is urgent to develop a method to prepare pure TRs and redefine them. In the present study, we developed a new method, the combination of caffeine precipitation and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, to prepare pure TRs. The floating peaks on the hump of the crude TRs were removed, and pure TRs were prepared. The chemical profile of the floating peaks was established using LC/MS, and the major compounds in this fraction were identified as apigenin glycosides, quercetin glycosides, kaempferol glycosides, theaflavins, theasinensin, and galloylglucoses based on the analysis of their tandem mass spectra and in comparison with literature data. This study will pave the way to further study the chemistry and biological activities of TRs and the health effects of black tea consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, United States
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, United States
| | - Lishuang Lv
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, 122# Ninghai Road, Nanjing, 210097, PR China
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, United States.
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Imran A, Arshad MU, Arshad MS, Imran M, Saeed F, Sohaib M. Lipid peroxidation diminishing perspective of isolated theaflavins and thearubigins from black tea in arginine induced renal malfunctional rats. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:157. [PMID: 30021615 PMCID: PMC6052712 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently oxidative stress induced maladies have amplified owing to sedentary lifestyle and monotonous diet. Introduction of plant based biomolecules may be a suitable strategy to cope with the lipid peroxidation. In this context, black tea polyphenols (theaflavin & thearubigins) are in fame among the scientific community as cost effective therapeutic agents owing to their safety, economics, structural diversity and ability to modulate various lipid peroxidation responses by halting the expression of different metabolic targets. METHODS The mandate of present investigation was to first time check the synergism among the isolated theaflavins & thearubigins against lipid peroxidative indicators both in vitro and in vivo. Purposely, theaflavins and thearubigins were isolated from black tea through solvent partition methods by using different solvents (Aqueous ethanol, Aqueous methanol & Water) and time intervals (30, 60 & 90 min) and subjected to in vitro characterization through different antioxidant indices to access the in vitro lipid peroxidation shooting effect of these bioactive moieties. Moreover, individual theaflavins contents also estimate through HPLC. For evaluation of in vivo antioxidant effect, renal malfunction was induced through arginine and forty rats were divided in four groups (10 each after power analysis) and 04 types of diets were given i.e. T0 (control diet without supplementation), T1 (Basic experimental Diet+ theaflavins supplementation @ 1 g), T2 (Basic experimental Diet+ Thearubigins supplementation @ 1 g) & T3 (Basic experimental Diet+ Supplementation of theaflavins+ thearubigins @ 0.5 + 0.5 g, respectively) for the period of 56 days. Alongside, a control study was also carried out for comparison by involving normal rats fed on arginine free diet. The body weight, lipid profile, glycemic responses, Renal function test, liver function test, antioxidant indices and hematological parameters were estimated at the termination of study. RESULTS The results indicated that theaflavins and thearubigins isolation was significantly affected by time of extraction and solvent. In this context, aqueous ethanol at 60 min extraction interval caused maximum extraction. Likewise, theaflavins isolate exhibited more antioxidant activity as compared to thearubigins. Moreover, the theaflavins and thearubigins based experimental diets imparted significant reduction in Lipid profile, glucose content, renal function tests and TBARS with enhancement in insulin, HDL and hematological parameters. In this context, theaflavin based diet caused maximum reduction in lipid profile and TBARS better as compared to thearubigins and theaflavins + thearubigins based. However, theaflavin+ thearubigins based diet caused highest glucose, urea & creatinine decline and maximum insulin increase & antioxidant indices as compared to other nutraceuticals. CONCLUSIONS It was deduced that theaflavins & thearubigins have strong antioxidative potential both in in vitro as well as in vivo to tackle the menace associated with lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University Of Lahore-Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
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Li F, Wang Y, Li D, Chen Y, Qiao X, Fardous R, Lewandowski A, Liu J, Chan TH, Dou QP. Perspectives on the recent developments with green tea polyphenols in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:643-660. [PMID: 29688074 PMCID: PMC6287262 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1465923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing evidence has expanded the role of green tea from a traditional beverage to a source of pharmacologically active molecules with diverse health benefits. However, conclusive clinical results are needed to better elucidate the cancer-preventive and therapeutic effects of green tea polyphenols (GTPs). Areas covered: The authors describe GTPs' chemical compositions and metabolic biotransformations, and their recent developments in drug discovery, focusing on their cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. They then review the recent development of GTP-loaded nanoparticles and GTP prodrugs. Expert opinion: GTPs possess potent anticarcinogenic activities through interfering with the initiation, development and progression phases of cancer. There are several challenges (e.g. poor bioavailability) in developing GTPs as therapeutic agents. Use of nanoparticle-based delivery systems has provided unique advantages over purified GTPs. However, there is still a need to determine the actual magnitude and pharmacological mechanisms of GTPs encapsulated in nanoparticles, in order to address newly emerging safety issues associated with the potential 'local overdose' effect. The use of Pro- epigallocatechin gallate (Pro-EGCG) as a prodrug appears to offer improved in vitro stability as well as better in vivo bioavailability and efficacies in a number of animal studies, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for further study and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People’s Republic of China
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R Road Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yongli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuguang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rania Fardous
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R Road Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ashton Lewandowski
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R Road Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tak-Hang Chan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Q. Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R Road Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, People’s Republic of China
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Tuominen A, Karonen M. Variability between organs of proanthocyanidins in Geranium sylvaticum analyzed by off-line 2-dimensional HPLC-MS. Phytochemistry 2018; 150:106-117. [PMID: 29579735 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins have been characterized in the different organs of Geranium sylvaticum by using an off-line 2-dimensional chromatographic method. In the first dimension, proanthocyanidins were separated according to their increasing degree of polymerization by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. In the second dimension, reversed-phase liquid chromatography was used to separate the same size isomers based on their hydrophobicity. Ultraviolet detection and high-resolution electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used for the identification and characterization of proanthocyanidins. The method was proven to be suitable for the analysis of plant organ fractions of G. sylvaticum that contained complex mixtures of phenolic compounds and proanthocyanidins from several classes. Procyanidins, prodelphinidins and mixed proanthocyanidins composed of both (epi)catechin and (epi)gallocatechin units including monomers, oligomers and polymers up to the degree of polymerization of 20 were identified. The type and size of proanthocyanidins varied between eight studied organs of G. sylvaticum. The 2-dimensional analysis revealed that each proanthocyanidin type occur in the equally complex isomeric pattern. The mean degree of polymerization of different proanthocyanidins in the eight plant organs of G. sylvaticum was 5 and it varied only slightly between plant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Tuominen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Pervin M, Unno K, Ohishi T, Tanabe H, Miyoshi N, Nakamura Y. Beneficial Effects of Green Tea Catechins on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061297. [PMID: 29843466 PMCID: PMC6099654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Green tea, black tea, and oolong tea are made from the same plant Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. Among them, green tea has been the most extensively studied for beneficial effects on diseases including cancer, obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Several human observational and intervention studies have found beneficial effects of tea consumption on neurodegenerative impairment, such as cognitive dysfunction and memory loss. These studies supported the basis of tea's preventive effects of Parkinson's disease, but few studies have revealed such effects on Alzheimer's disease. In contrast, several human studies have not reported these favorable effects with regard to tea. This discrepancy may be due to incomplete adjustment of confounding factors, including the method of quantifying consumption, beverage temperature, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and differences in genetic and environmental factors, such as race, sex, age, and lifestyle. Thus, more rigorous human studies are required to understand the neuroprotective effect of tea. A number of laboratory experiments demonstrated the benefits of green tea and green tea catechins (GTCs), such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and proposed action mechanisms. The targets of GTCs include the abnormal accumulation of fibrous proteins, such as Aβ and α-synuclein, inflammation, elevated expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, and oxidative stress, which are associated with neuronal cell dysfunction and death in the cerebral cortex. Computational molecular docking analysis revealed how EGCG can prevent the accumulation of fibrous proteins. These findings suggest that GTCs have the potential to be used in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and could be useful for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monira Pervin
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Keiko Unno
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Tanabe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Nayoro City University, Nayoro-city, Hokkaido 096-8641, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Eng QY, Thanikachalam PV, Ramamurthy S. Molecular understanding of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 210:296-310. [PMID: 28864169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The compound epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenolic compound present in green tea [Camellia sinensis (Theaceae], has shown numerous cardiovascular health promoting activity through modulating various pathways. However, molecular understanding of the cardiovascular protective role of EGCG has not been reported. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to compile the preclinical and clinical studies that had been done on EGCG to investigate its protective effect on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in order to provide a systematic guidance for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research papers related to EGCG were obtained from the major scientific databases, for example, Science direct, PubMed, NCBI, Springer and Google scholar, from 1995 to 2017. RESULTS EGCG was found to exhibit a wide range of therapeutic properties including anti-atherosclerosis, anti-cardiac hypertrophy, anti-myocardial infarction, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. These therapeutic effects are mainly associated with the inhibition of LDL cholesterol (anti-atherosclerosis), inhibition of NF-κB (anti-cardiac hypertrophy), inhibition of MPO activity (anti-myocardial infarction), reduction in plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin level (anti-diabetes), reduction of inflammatory markers (anti-inflammatory) and the inhibition of ROS generation (antioxidant). CONCLUSION EGCG shows different biological activities and in this review, a compilation of how this bioactive molecule plays its role in treating cardiovascular and metabolic diseases was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yi Eng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Malaysia
| | | | - Srinivasan Ramamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Malaysia.
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Mariotti-Celis MS, Martínez-Cifuentes M, Huamán-Castilla N, Vargas-González M, Pedreschi F, Pérez-Correa JR. The Antioxidant and Safety Properties of Spent Coffee Ground Extracts Impacted by the Combined Hot Pressurized Liquid Extraction-Resin Purification Process. Molecules 2017; 23:E21. [PMID: 29271942 PMCID: PMC5943929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hot pressurized liquid extraction has been used to obtain polyphenols; however, its operating conditions can generate hydroxymethylfurfural, a potential human carcinogen. The addition of ethanol can reduce process temperatures and retain extraction efficiencies, but the ethanol may reduce the recovery of polyphenols in the subsequent purification stage, affecting the antioxidant properties of the extracts. This study evaluates a combined hot pressurized liquid extraction-resin purification process to obtain polyphenol extracts from spent ground coffee reduced in hydroxymethylfurfural. A multifactorial design was developed to determine the combined effect of the extraction (ethanol content: 0-16% and temperature: 60-90 °C) and purification (ethanol: 60-80%) conditions on some chemical properties of the extracts. The highest recovery of polyphenols (~8 mg GAE/g dry coffee solids) and reduction of hydroxymethylfurfural (95%) were obtained at 90 °C and 16% of ethanol during extraction and 80% of ethanol during purification. These operating conditions retained the antioxidant capacity of the crude extract between 60% and 88% depending on the determination method and recovered 90, 98, and 100% of 4-feruloylquinic acid, epicatechin, and 5-feruloylquinic acid, respectively after purification. The combined process allows differential polyphenols' recovery and enhances the safety of the extracts. Our computational chemistry results ruled out that the overall selectivity of the integrated process was correlated with the size of the polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Salomé Mariotti-Celis
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 9845, Santiago 8940577, Chile;
| | - Maximiliano Martínez-Cifuentes
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 9845, Santiago 8940577, Chile;
| | - Nils Huamán-Castilla
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (N.H.-C.); (F.P.); (J.R.P.-C.)
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Mario Vargas-González
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, P.O. Box 9845, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Franco Pedreschi
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (N.H.-C.); (F.P.); (J.R.P.-C.)
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (N.H.-C.); (F.P.); (J.R.P.-C.)
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Badr JM, Ibrahim SRM, Abou-Hussein DR. Plicosepalin A, a new antioxidant catechin-gallic acid derivative of inositol from the mistletoe Plicosepalus curviflorus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 71:375-380. [PMID: 27206319 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2015-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the semi-parasitic plant, Plicosepalus curviflorus (Loranthaceae) growing in Saudi Arabia resulted in the isolation of a new catechin-gallic acid derivative of inositol, plicosepalin A (1) [(+) catechin-4'-O-(1″-O-galloyl-5″-O-methyl)-myo-inositol], along with seven known compounds: methyl gallate (2), catechin (3), quercetin (4), gallic acid (5), lupeol (6), β-sitosterol (7), and ursolic acid (8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including HRESIMS, ESIMS, 1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, and HMBC, as well as comparison with reported data. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of 1 were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the disc diffusion assay, respectively. Compound 1 exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 9.0 ± 0.27 μM. Moreover, significant activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were recorded.
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Gerges Geagea A, Rizzo M, Eid A, Hajj Hussein I, Zgheib Z, Zeenny MN, Jurjus R, Uzzo ML, Spatola GF, Bonaventura G, Leone A, Massaad-Massade L, Jurjus A. Tea catechins induce crosstalk between signaling pathways and stabilize mast cells in ulcerative colitis. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2017; 31:865-877. [PMID: 29254289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that nutraceuticals, in general, and Green tea catechins, in particular, possess a potential therapeutic value in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) due to their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanism of action of catechins in a rat model of colitis induced by 2.4.6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Thirty-five young adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: normal control (n=5), catechins (n=9), TNBS (n=9) and TNBS plus catechins (n=12) treated. Catechin in the form of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was administered daily by intraperitoneal injection, 1 week before the induction date of UC. Biopsies of the descending colon were collected on days 3, 10 and 17, and partly frozen for molecular studies or fixed for light microscopy. The status of intestinal tissue alterations and mast cells number were also assessed, as well as the mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-a and NF-kB, and determination of ROS expression. Histological data depicted a significant amelioration in the TNBS- and EGCG-treated rats compared to the non-treated animals. Catechin expressed strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, ameliorated ulcerative colitis and stabilized mast cells. The mechanism of action occurred basically through the NF-kB pathway and possibly through a crosstalk with other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gerges Geagea
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - M Rizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - I Hajj Hussein
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Michigan USA
| | - Z Zgheib
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M N Zeenny
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - M L Uzzo
- BIONEC Biomedicine e Clinical Neurosciences Department Section of Histology, Embryology and Anatomy, School of Medicine and Surgery, Palermo, Italy
| | - G F Spatola
- BIONEC Biomedicine e Clinical Neurosciences Department Section of Histology, Embryology and Anatomy, School of Medicine and Surgery, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Bonaventura
- BIONEC Biomedicine e Clinical Neurosciences Department Section of Histology, Embryology and Anatomy, School of Medicine and Surgery, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Leone
- BIONEC Biomedicine e Clinical Neurosciences Department Section of Histology, Embryology and Anatomy, School of Medicine and Surgery, Palermo, Italy
| | - L Massaad-Massade
- Université Paris-Sud 11, Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
- CNRS UMR 8203, Villejuif, Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, France
- Gustave Roussy, Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
| | - A Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Zou H, Zhou C, Sun C, Yang X, Wen J, Li Y, Zeng H. [Determination of 8 components in healthy food for anti-hangover and hepatoprotection by high performance liquid chromatography]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2017; 46:633-639. [PMID: 29903188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of catechin hydrate, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, dihydromyricetin, glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in healthy food for anti-hangover and hepatoprotection, and compare with the capillary electrophoresis method established by our laboratory. METHODS The samples were ultrasonically extracted by using methanol-water( 4∶ 1, V/V) for 30 minutes and then centrifuged at 10 000 r/min for 10 minutes. The supernatant was filtered and injected into the HPLC system and then separated on a C_(18) column( 5 μm × 250 mm × 4. 6 mm) at 30℃ with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0. 8mL/min. Catechins and dihydromyricetin were detected at the wavelength of 210 nm, glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid were detected at 250 nm. RESULTS Under the optimal analytical conditions, the peak area of each analyte and its concentration had agood correlation within the linear range( r ≥ 0. 9996). The limits of detection and quantification of the method were 0. 07-1. 25 μg/g( S/N = 3) and 0. 22-4. 18 μg/g( S/N = 10), respectively. The intra-and inter-day relative standard deviations( RSDs)of the mixed standard solution were 0. 26%-1. 95% and 1. 17%-3. 89%, respectively. The spiked recoveries of the analytes were 86. 15%-98. 61%. CONCLUSION The established method is sensitive and reliable, and could be used for quality control of the healthy food for anti-hangover and hepatoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimin Zou
- Department of Laboratory Science in Public Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Science in Public Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Department of Laboratory Science in Public Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- Department of Laboratory Science in Public Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Laboratory Science in Public Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Department of Laboratory Science in Public Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Science in Public Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Peluso I, Serafini M. Antioxidants from black and green tea: from dietary modulation of oxidative stress to pharmacological mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1195-1208. [PMID: 27747873 PMCID: PMC5429329 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of tea (Camellia sinensis) has been correlated with a low incidence of chronic pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, in which oxidative stress plays a critical role. Tea catechins and theaflavins are, respectively, the bioactive phytochemicals responsible for the antioxidant activity of green tea (GT) and black tea (BT). In addition to their redox properties, tea catechins and theaflavins could have also pharmacological activities, such as the ability to lower glucose, lipid and uric acid (UA) levels. These activities are mediated by pharmacological mechanisms such as enzymatic inhibition and interaction with transporters. Epigallocatechin gallate is the most active compound at inhibiting the enzymes involved in cholesterol and UA metabolism (hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase and xanthine oxidase respectively) and affecting glucose transporters. The structural features of catechins that significantly contribute to their pharmacological effect are the presence/absence of the galloyl moiety and the number and positions of the hydroxyl groups on the rings. Although the inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, maltase, amylase and lipase, multidrug resistance 1, organic anion transporters and proton-coupled folate transport occur at higher concentrations than those apparent in the circulation, these effects could be relevant in the gut. In conclusion, despite the urgent need for further research in humans, the regular consumption of moderate quantities of GT and BT can effectively modulate their antioxidant capacity, mainly in people subjected to oxidative stress, and could improve the metabolism of glucose, lipid and UA. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Peluso
- Functional Foods and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Centre for Food and NutritionCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Functional Foods and Metabolic Stress Prevention Laboratory, Centre for Food and NutritionCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
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Wen L, Lin Y, Lv R, Yan H, Yu J, Zhao H, Wang X, Wang D. An Efficient Method for the Preparative Isolation and Purification of Flavonoids from Leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida by HSCCC and Pre-HPLC. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050767. [PMID: 28486427 PMCID: PMC6153923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, flavonoid fraction from the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida was separated into its seven main constituents using a combination of HSCCC coupled with pre-HPLC. In the first step, the total flavonoid extract was subjected to HSCCC with a two-solvent system of chloroform/methanol/water/n-butanol (4:3:2:1.5, v/v), yielding four pure compounds, namely (-)-epicatechin (1), quercetin-3-O-(2,6-di-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-galactopyranoside (2), 4''-O-glucosylvitexin (3) and 2''-O-rhamnosylvitexin (4) as well as a mixture of three further flavonoids. An extrusion mode was used to rapidly separate quercetin-3-O-(2,6-di-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-galactopyranoside with a big KD-value. In the second step, the mixture that resulted from HSCCC was separated by pre-HPLC, resulting in three pure compounds including: vitexin (5), hyperoside (6) and isoquercitrin (7). The purities of the isolated compounds were established to be over 98%, as determined by HPLC. The structures of these seven flavonoids were elucidated by ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yunliang Lin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Ruimin Lv
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Huijiao Yan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jinqian Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Hengqiang Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Daijie Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan 250014, China.
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Ho GTT, Kase ET, Wangensteen H, Barsett H. Phenolic Elderberry Extracts, Anthocyanins, Procyanidins, and Metabolites Influence Glucose and Fatty Acid Uptake in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:2677-2685. [PMID: 28303711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of glucose and fatty acids in skeletal muscle is of interest for type 2 diabetes treatment. The aim was to study glucose and fatty acid uptake in skeletal muscle cells, antioxidant effects, and inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes by elderberries. Enhanced glucose and oleic acid uptake in human skeletal muscle cells were observed after treatment with phenolic elderberry extracts, anthocyanins, procyanidins, and their metabolites. The 96% EtOH and the acidified MeOH extracts were highly active. Of the isolated substances, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside showed highest stimulation of uptake. Phloroglucinol aldehyde was most active among the metabolites. Isolated anthocyanins and procyanidins are strong radical scavengers and are good inhibitors of 15-lipoxygenase and moderate inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. As α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors, they are considerably better than the positive control acarbose. The antidiabetic property of elderberry phenolics increases the nutritional value of this plant and indicates potential as functional food against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Thanh Thi Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eili Tranheim Kase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Wangensteen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Barsett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Lin CH, Wu JB, Jian JY, Shih CC. (-)-Epicatechin-3-O-β-D-allopyranoside from Davallia formosana prevents diabetes and dyslipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173984. [PMID: 28333970 PMCID: PMC5363832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and molecular mechanism of (-)-epicatechin-3-O-β-D-allopyranoside from Davallia formosana (BB) (also known as Gu-Sui-Bu) on type 1 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. This plant was demonstrated to display antioxidant activities and possess polyphenol contents. Diabetic mice were randomly divided into six groups and were given daily oral gavage doses of either BB (at three dosage levels), metformin (Metf) (at 0.3 g/kg body weight), fenofibrate (Feno) (at 0.25 g/kg body weight) or vehicle (distilled water) and a group of control (CON) mice were gavaged with vehicle over a period of 4 weeks. Treatment with BB led to reduced levels of blood glucose, HbA1C, triglycerides and leptin and to increased levels of insulin and adiponectin compared with the vehicle-treated STZ group. The diabetic islets showed retraction from their classic round-shaped as compared with the control islets. The BB-treated groups (at middle and high dosages) showed improvement in islets size and number of Langerhans islet cells. The membrane levels of skeletal muscular glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) were significantly higher in BB-treated mice. This resulted in a net glucose lowering effect among BB-treated mice. Moreover, BB enhanced the expression of skeletal muscle phospho-AMPK in treated mice. BB-treated mice increased expression of fatty acid oxidation enzymes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase Ia (CPT1a). These mice also expressed lower levels of lipogenic genes such as fatty acid synthase (FAS), as well as lower mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and liver adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 2 (aP2). This resulted in a reduction in plasma triglyceride levels. BB-treated mice also expressed lower levels of PPARγ and FAS protein. This led to reduced adipogenesis, fatty acid synthesis and lipid accumulation within adipose tissue, and consequently, to lower triglyceride levels in liver, blood, and adipose tissue. Moreover, BB treatment not only displayed the activation Akt in liver tissue and skeletal muscle, but also in C2C12 myotube to cause an increase in phosphorylation of Akt in the absence of insulin. These results demonstrated that BB act as an activator of AMPK and /or regulation of insulin pathway (Akt), and the antioxidant activity within the pancreas. Therefore, BB treatment ameliorated the diabetic and dyslipidemic state in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fengyuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Fengyuan District, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ying Jian
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Shih
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Peanut skins are a rich source of oligomeric and polymeric procyanidins. The oligomeric fractions are dominated by dimers, trimers, and tetramers. A multistep chromatographic fractionation led to the isolation of four new A-type procyanidins of tri- and tetrameric structures. The structures of the new trimers were defined by NMR, electronic circular dichroism, and MS data as epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-catechin, peanut procyanidin B (3), and epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-epicatechin-(4β→6)-catechin, peanut procyanidin C (4). The new tetramers were defined as epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-epicatechin-(4β→6)-epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-catechin, peanut procyanidin E (1), and epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-epicatechin-(4β→6)-epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-epicatechin, peanut procyanidin F (2). In addition, both A-type dimers A1, epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-catechin, and A2, epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-epicatechin, as well as two known peanut trimers, ent-epicatechin-(4β→6)-epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-catechin, peanut procyanidin A (5), and epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-catechin, peanut procyanidin D (6), were also isolated. Dimer A1, the four trimers, and two tetramers were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in an in vitro assay, in which LPS-stimulated macrophages were responding with secretion of TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Tetramer F (2) was the most potent, suppressing TNF-α secretion to 82% at 8.7 μM (10 μg/mL), while tetramer E (1) at the same concentrations caused a 4% suppression. The results of the TNF-α secretion inhibition indicate that small structural differences, as in peanut procyanidin tetramers E and F, can be strongly differentiated in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta K Dudek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences , Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
- Physical Chemistry Department, Medical University of Warsaw , Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vitold B Gliński
- Planta Analytica LCC , 461 Danbury Road, New Milford, Connecticut 06776, United States
| | - Matthew H Davey
- Planta Analytica LCC , 461 Danbury Road, New Milford, Connecticut 06776, United States
| | - Daniel Sliva
- DSTest-Laboratories LLC , Purdue Research Park, 5225 Exploration Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Sławomir Kaźmierski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences , Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan A Gliński
- Planta Analytica LCC , 461 Danbury Road, New Milford, Connecticut 06776, United States
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Jasicka-Misiak I, Makowicz E, Stanek N. Polish Yellow Sweet Clover (Melilotus officinalis L.) Honey, Chromatographic Fingerprints, and Chemical Markers. Molecules 2017; 22:E138. [PMID: 28098847 PMCID: PMC6155788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A case study of Polish Melilotus officinalis honey was presented for the first time. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (after steam distillation, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic solvent extraction, and solid phase extraction (SPE)) and targeted high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PAD) were applied to determine the characteristic components of honey. While ubiquitous in most honeys, carbohydrates, terpene derivatives, and phenylacetic acid dominated in the Soxhlet extracts (25.54%) and in the application of SPE (13.04%). In addition, lumichrome (1.85%) was found, and may be considered as a marker of this honey. Due to the presence of these compounds, Polish yellow sweet clover honey is similar to French lavender honeys. The major compounds determined in the methanolic extract were (+)-catechine (39.7%) and gallic acid (up to 30%), which can be regarded as specific chemical markers of the botanical origin of melilot honey. With respect to total phenolic and flavonoid contents, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were determined spectrophotometrically. The honey exhibited a moderate antioxidant activity, typical for light honeys, which correlates well with its phenolic and flavonoid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Makowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
| | - Natalia Stanek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
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Abstract
Catephen (Kora Corporation Ltd) is a herbal medicinal product consisting predominantly of catechins (sinecatechins) extracted from Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze folium (green tea leaf) formulated as a topical preparation for the treatment of external genital and perianal warts (condylomata acuminata).(1) Marketing authorisation for an ointment containing 0.1g of green tea extract per gram (10%) was granted by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) under the mutual recognition procedure in February 2015.(2) Here, we consider the evidence for Catephen ointment in the management of external genital and perianal warts and its place within current management strategies.
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Saito A, Inagawa K, Ebe R, Fukase S, Horikoshi Y, Shibata M, Osakabe N. Onset of a hypotensive effect following ingestion of flavan 3-ols involved in the activation of adrenergic receptors. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:584-592. [PMID: 27616615 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A lot of epidemiological and intervention studies support the hypotensive action resulting from ingestion of foods rich in flavan 3-ols. However, the mechanisms of this action remain unclear. We have reported previously on the alteration of the micro- and systemic circulations after administration of a flavan 3-ol fraction (FL) derived from cocoa in mammals. We also confirmed that blood catecholamine levels increase significantly after administration of FL. In the present study, we examined whether adrenaline receptors are involved in the hemodynamic changes using several adrenaline receptor (AR) blockers. First, we confirmed that mean blood pressure (MBP) decreased significantly and aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels increased significantly following oral treatment of 10mg/kg FL for 2 weeks in normal rats compared with vehicle administration. However, these changes were not observed with treatment of 1mg/kg (-)-epicatechin (EC), which contains nearly equivalent amount of 10mg/kg FL. Secondly, we observed that a single dose of FL produced different hemodynamic changes, such as a transient elevation in heart rate (HR) after ingestion of 1-100mg/kg FL, but not with 1mg/kg EC. Furthermore, although MBP rose transiently after 1 and 10mg/kg FL, this effect was not observed with 100mg/kg or 1mg/kg EC. The increases in HR, MBP, and aortic phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS) induced by 10mg/kg FL were prevented completely by pretreatment with the AR blocker, carvedilol. Combination treatment with 100mg/kg FL and an α1AR blocker, prazosin, significantly reduced MBP, whereas the elevation in HR was enhanced. In addition, after pretreatment with the β2AR blocker, butoxamine, we observed no significant hemodynamic changes with or without 100mg/kg FL. Moreover, the combination of 100mg/kg FL and the α2AR blocker, yohimbine, markedly increased MBP, HR and aortic p-eNOS level. These results suggested that the postprandial hemodynamic changes after a single oral dose of FL were induced by an adrenergic effect. This adrenomimetic activity suggested the involvement of a hypotensive effect of FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Saito
- Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kodai Inagawa
- Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rikihiko Ebe
- Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinobu Fukase
- Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukari Horikoshi
- Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naomi Osakabe
- Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Saitama, Japan.
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Li L, Zhang S, Cui Y, Li Y, Luo L, Zhou P, Sun B. Preparative separation of cacao bean procyanidins by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1036-1037:10-19. [PMID: 27700988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an efficient method for preparative separation of procyanidins from raw cacao bean extract by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was developed. Under the optimized solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-water (1:50:50, v/v/v) with a combination of head-tail and tail-head elution modes, various procyanidins fractions with different polymerization degrees were successfully separated. UPLC, QTOF-MS and 1H NMR analysis verified that these fractions contained monomer up to pentamer respectively. Dimeric procyanidin B2 (purity>86%) could be isolated by HSCCC in a single run. Other individual procyanidins in these fractions could be further isolated and purified by preparative HPLC. The developed HSCCC together with preparative HPLC techniques appeared to be a useful tool for large preparation of different procyanidins from cacao beans. Furthermore, by antioxidant activity assays, it was proved that both fractions and individual procyanidins possessed greater antioxidant activities compared to standard trolox. The antioxidant activities of procyanidins increase as the increase of their polymerization degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China; School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, 154007 Jiamusi, China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Lanxin Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Peiyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Baoshan Sun
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, China; Pólo Dois Portos, Instituto National de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta da Almoinha, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal.
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Kim HW, Park J, Kang KB, Kim TB, Oh WK, Kim J, Sung SH. Acylphloroglucinolated Catechin and Phenylethyl Isocoumarin Derivatives from Agrimonia pilosa. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:2376-2383. [PMID: 27588326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eight new compounds (1-8), including five acylphloroglucinolated catechins (1-5) and three phenylethyl isocoumarin glycosides (6-8), were isolated from Agrimonia pilosa along with six other known compounds (9-14). The new compounds were characterized structurally by NMR, MS, and ECD analyses. Compounds 4 and 5 were assigned as acylphloroglucinolated procyanidin derivatives, which are described for the first time from Nature. The absolute configuration of compound 8 was elucidated by computational analysis of its ECD spectrum. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in BV2 microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junha Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Bin Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Bum Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Sheikh Y, Maibam BC, Talukdar NC, Deka DC, Borah JC. In vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective effects of edible pods of Parkia roxburghii and quantification of the active constituent by HPLC-PDA. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 191:21-28. [PMID: 27282664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parkia roxburghii G. Don. is a traditional medicinal plant and its pods are extensively used as food and medicine. It is believed by the traditional healers to have medicinal properties to treat diabetes, hypertension and urinary tract infections (Jamaluddin et al., 1994). MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanolic extract of pods of P roxburghii and fractions were screened for their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity. Anti-hyperglycemic effects were studied on streptozotocin (45mg/kg b.w.) induced diabetes in albino rats (seven groups, n=7 n=6), using different doses for 14 days. Plasma glucose concentration (HbA1c) was analysed using whole blood, while SGOT, SGPT, TG, TC and uric acid were analysed using serum, employing commercial kits. Quantitative analysis of the major active constituent was carried out by HPLC-PDA. RESULTS Bioactivity guided chemical investigation of the edible pods of P roxburghii identified sub-fraction EA-Fr 5 which significantly inhibited α-glucosidase (IC50 0.39±0.06 µgmL(-1)), reduced the blood glucose level to normal, and lowered the elevated levels of liver function enzymes SGOT and SGPT in STZ-induced diabetic rats. EA-Fr 5 was found to contain epigallocatechin gallate (1) and hyperin (2) which exhibited significantly higher α-glucosidase inhibitory potency with IC50 0.51±0.09 and 0.71±0.03µM respectively. EA-Fr 5 contained 379.82±2.90mg/g of EGCG, the major active constituent which manifests a broad spectrum of biological activities. CONCLUSION The present investigation for the first time reports the occurrence of EGCG and hyperin in P roxburghii and substantiates the traditional use of pods of P roxburghii as dietary supplement for management of diabetes with significantly promising α-glucosidase inhibitory potency and anti-hyperglycemic as well as hepatoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Sheikh
- Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Natural Product Chemistry & Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources & Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Beebina Chanu Maibam
- Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Natural Product Chemistry & Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources & Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Talukdar
- Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Natural Product Chemistry & Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources & Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | | | - Jagat Chandra Borah
- Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Natural Product Chemistry & Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources & Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India.
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Hui X, Liu H, Tian FL, Li FF, Li H, Gao WY. Inhibition of green tea and the catechins against 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, the key enzyme of the MEP terpenoid biosynthetic pathway. Fitoterapia 2016; 113:80-4. [PMID: 27439219 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) is the first committed enzyme in the MEP terpenoid biosynthetic pathway and also a validated antimicrobial target. Green tea which is rich in polyphenolic components such as the catechins, possesses a plenty of pharmacological activities, in particular an antibacterial effect. To uncover the antibacterial mechanism of green tea and to seek new DXR inhibitors from natural sources, the DXR inhibitory activity of green tea and its main antimicrobial catechins were investigated in this study. The results show that the raw extract of green tea and its ethyl acetate fraction are able to suppress DXR activity explicitly. Further determination of the DXR inhibitory capacity of eight catechin compounds demonstrates that the most active compound is gallocatechin gallate that is able to inhibit around 50% activity of DXR at 25μM. Based on these data, the primary structure-activity relationship of the catechins against DXR is discussed. This study would be very helpful to elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of green tea and the catechins and also would be very useful to direct the rational utilization of them as food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hui
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Fang-Lin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Fei-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Wen-Yun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Cheng T, Liu J, Ren J, Huang F, Ou H, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Ma R, An Y, Liu J, Shi L. Green Tea Catechin-Based Complex Micelles Combined with Doxorubicin to Overcome Cardiotoxicity and Multidrug Resistance. Theranostics 2016; 6:1277-92. [PMID: 27375779 PMCID: PMC4924499 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy for cancer treatment has been demonstrated to cause some side effects on healthy tissues and multidrug resistance of the tumor cells, which greatly limits therapeutic efficacy. To address these limitations and achieve better therapeutic efficacy, combination therapy based on nanoparticle platforms provides a promising approach through delivering different agents simultaneously to the same destination with synergistic effect. In this study, a novel green tea catechin-based polyion complex (PIC) micelle loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) was constructed through electrostatic interaction and phenylboronic acid-catechol interaction between poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lysine-co-lysine-phenylboronic acid) (PEG-PLys/PBA) and EGCG. DOX was co-loaded in the PIC micelles through π-π stacking interaction with EGCG. The phenylboronic acid-catechol interaction endowed the PIC micelles with high stability under physiological condition. Moreover, acid cleavability of phenylboronic acid-catechol interaction in the micelle core has significant benefits for delivering EGCG and DOX to same destination with synergistic effects. In addition, benefiting from the oxygen free radicals scavenging activity of EGCG, combination therapy with EGCG and DOX in the micelle core could protect the cardiomyocytes from DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity according to the histopathologic analysis of hearts. Attributed to modulation of EGCG on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity, this kind of PIC micelles could effectively reverse multidrug resistance of cancer cells. These results suggested that EGCG based PIC micelles could effectively overcome DOX induced cardiotoxicity and multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangjian Cheng
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- 2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ren
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Fan Huang
- 2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P.R. China
| | - Hanlin Ou
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yuxun Ding
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- 2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P.R. China
| | - Rujiang Ma
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yingli An
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- 2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, P.R. China
| | - Linqi Shi
- 1. State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- 3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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Ma Y, Shang Y, Zhu D, Wang C, Zhong Z, Xu Z. Facile Separation of 5-O-Galloylquinic Acid from Chinese Green Tea Extract using Mesoporous Zirconium Phosphate. Phytochem Anal 2016; 27:153-157. [PMID: 27313152 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 5-O-Galloylquinic acid from green tea and other plants is attracting increasing attention for its antioxidant and antileishmanial bioactivities. It is always isolated using a silica column, a Sephadex column and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, which are either laborious or instrument dependent. OBJECTIVE To develop a new method to easily separate 5-O-galloylquinic acid. METHODOLOGY Mesoporous zirconium phosphate (m-ZrP) was prepared to conveniently separate 5-O-galloylquinic acid from Chinese green tea extract, and the target compound was easily obtained by simple steps of adsorption, washing and desorption. The effects of the green tea extraction conditions, extract concentrations, and m-ZrP adsorption/desorption dynamics on the 5-O-galloylquinic acid separation were evaluated. RESULTS 5-O-Galloylquinic acid that was separated from a 70% ethanol extract of green tea was of moderate HPLC purity (92%) and recovery (88%), and an increased non-specific binding of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on m-ZrP was observed in the diluted tea extract. The times for maximal adsorption of 5-O-galloylquinic acid in 70% ethanol extract and maximal desorption of 5-O-galloylquinic acid in 0.4% phosphoric acid solution were confirmed as 7 h and 5 h, respectively. CONCLUSION A facile method to separate 5-O-galloylquinic acid from Chinese green tea extract using m-ZrP was established. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Processing, Hefei University of Technology, Xuancheng Campus, Xuancheng, P. R. China
| | - Yafang Shang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Processing, Hefei University of Technology, Xuancheng Campus, Xuancheng, P. R. China
| | - Danye Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Processing, Hefei University of Technology, Xuancheng Campus, Xuancheng, P. R. China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Processing, Hefei University of Technology, Xuancheng Campus, Xuancheng, P. R. China
| | - Zhifeng Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Processing, Hefei University of Technology, Xuancheng Campus, Xuancheng, P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Processing, Hefei University of Technology, Xuancheng Campus, Xuancheng, P. R. China
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Fujioka K, Iwamoto T, Shima H, Tomaru K, Saito H, Ohtsuka M, Yoshidome A, Kawamura Y, Manome Y. The Powdering Process with a Set of Ceramic Mills for Green Tea Promoted Catechin Extraction and the ROS Inhibition Effect. Molecules 2016; 21:474. [PMID: 27077834 PMCID: PMC6273883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For serving green tea, there are two prominent methods: steeping the leaf or the powdered leaf (matcha style) in hot water. The purpose of the present study was to reveal chemical and functional differences before and after the powdering process of green tea leaf, since powdered green tea may contribute to expanding the functionality because of the different ingesting style. In this study, we revealed that the powdering process with a ceramic mill and stirring in hot water increased the average extracted concentration of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) by more than three times compared with that in leaf tea using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. Moreover, powdered green tea has a higher inhibition effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in vitro compared with the same amount of leaf tea. Our data suggest that powdered green tea might have a different function from leaf tea due to the higher catechin contents and particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Fujioka
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Takeo Iwamoto
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Hidekazu Shima
- Health and Environment Systems Division, Consumer Electronics Company, Sharp Corporation, Osaka 581-8585, Japan.
| | - Keiko Tomaru
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Hideki Saito
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Masaki Ohtsuka
- Health and Environment Systems Division, Consumer Electronics Company, Sharp Corporation, Osaka 581-8585, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Yoshidome
- Health and Environment Systems Division, Consumer Electronics Company, Sharp Corporation, Osaka 581-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuri Kawamura
- Health and Environment Systems Division, Consumer Electronics Company, Sharp Corporation, Osaka 581-8585, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Manome
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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Azam F, Mohamed N, Alhussen F. Molecular interaction studies of green tea catechins as multitarget drug candidates for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: computational and structural insights. Network 2016; 26:97-115. [PMID: 27030558 DOI: 10.3109/0954898x.2016.1146416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Green tea catechins have extensively been studied for their imminent role in reducing the risk of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Understanding the molecular interaction of these compounds with various anti-Parkinsonian drug targets is of interest. The present study is intended to explore binding modes of catechins with molecular targets having potential role in PD. Lamarckian genetic algorithm methodology was adopted for molecular docking simulations employing AutoDock 4.2 program. Toxicity potential and molecular properties responsible for good pharmacokinetic profile were calculated by Osiris property explorer and Molinspiration online toolkit, respectively. A strong correlation coefficient (r(2) = 0.893) was obtained between experimentally reported and docking predicted activities of native co-crystallized ligands of the 18 target receptors used in current study. Analysis of docked conformations revealed monoamine oxidase-B as most promising, while N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor was recognized as the least favorable target for catechins. Benzopyran skeleton with a phenyl group substituted at the 2-position and a hydroxyl (or ester) function at the 3-position has been identified as common structural requirements at majority of the targets. The present findings suggest that epigallocatechin gallate is the most promising lead to be developed as multitarget drug for the design and development of novel anti-Parkinsonian agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizul Azam
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Misurata University , Misurata , Libya
| | - Najah Mohamed
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Misurata University , Misurata , Libya
| | - Fatma Alhussen
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Misurata University , Misurata , Libya
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Abdallah HM, El-Bassossy H, Mohamed GA, El-Halawany AM, Alshali KZ, Banjar ZM. Phenolics from Garcinia mangostana Inhibit Advanced Glycation Endproducts Formation: Effect on Amadori Products, Cross-Linked Structures and Protein Thiols. Molecules 2016; 21:251. [PMID: 26907243 PMCID: PMC6273600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) in body tissues plays a major role in the development of diabetic complications. Here, the inhibitory effect of bioactive metabolites isolated from fruit hulls of Garcinia mangostana on AGE formation was investigated through bio-guided approach using aminoguanidine (AG) as a positive control. Including G. mangostana total methanol extract (GMT) in the reaction mixture of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and glucose or ribose inhibited the fluorescent and non-fluorescent AGEs formation in a dose dependent manner. The bioassay guided fractionation of GMT revealed isolation of four bioactive constituents from the bioactive fraction; which were identified as: garcimangosone D (1), aromadendrin-8-C-glucopyranoside (2), epicatechin (3), and 2,3',4,5',6-pentahydroxybenzophenone (4). All the tested compounds significantly inhibited fluorescent and non-fluorescent AGEs formation in a dose dependent manner whereas compound 3 (epicatechin) was found to be the most potent. In search for the level of action, addition of GMT, and compounds 2-4 inhibited fructosamine (Amadori product) and protein aggregation formation in both glucose and ribose. To explore the mechanism of action, it was found that addition of GMT and only compound (3) to reaction mixture increased protein thiol in both glucose and ribose while compounds 1, 2 and 4 only increased thiol in case of ribose. In conclusion, phenolic compounds 1-4 inhibited AGEs formation at the levels of Amadori product and protein aggregation formation through saving protein thiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam M Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Hany El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Ali M El-Halawany
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Khalid Z Alshali
- Departement of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zainy M Banjar
- Departement of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
Associations between catechin molecules were investigated by (1)H NMR titration experiments. Eight green tea catechins formed self-assembled dimers in water, and gallate-type catechins had a greater tendency to self-associate than non-gallate-type catechins. All eight catechins also associated as 1:1 heterodimer complexes. Investigation of complex formation of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCg) and epigallocatechin (EGC) with the other catechins showed that the affinity between EGCg and 2,3-trans-gallate-type catechins was remarkably high, and the binding affinity of EGCg for ECg was also rather strong. In contrast, the non-gallate-type catechin EGC exhibited generally low binding affinity for other catechins. Structural analyses of the complexes by ROESY experiments and density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the higher binding abilities of gallate-type catechins are due to providing multiple intermolecular interactions that remain effective in an aqueous environment, such as aromatic/aromatic or CH/π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Ujihara
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) , 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8517, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hayashi
- National Food Research Institute, NARO , 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
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