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El-Fattah NMA, El-Mahdy HS, Hamisa MF, Ibrahim AM. Thoracic fluid content (TFC) using electrical cardiometry versus lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of transient tachypnea of newborn. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:2597-2603. [PMID: 38488876 PMCID: PMC11098897 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate TFC by EC versus lung ultrasound (LUS) findings for diagnosing and follow-up of TTN in late preterm and term neonates. This prospective observational study was conducted on 80 neonates with gestational age ≥ 34 weeks. TTN group included 40 neonates diagnosed with TTN, and no lung disease (NLD) group included 40 neonates without respiratory distress. LUS and EC were performed within the first 24 h of life and repeated after 72 h. There was a statistically significant increase in TFC in TTN group on D1 [48.48 ± 4.86 (1 KOhm-1)] compared to NLD group [32.95 ± 4.59 (1 KOhm-1)], and then significant decrease in TFC in D3 [34.90 ± 4.42 (1 KOhm-1)] compared to D1 in the TTN group. There was a significant positive correlation between both TFC and LUS with Downes' score, TTN score, and duration of oxygen therapy in the TTN group. Conclusion: Both LUS and TFC by EC provide good bedside tools that could help to diagnose and monitor TTN. TFC showed a good correlation with LUS score and degree of respiratory distress. What is Known: • Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is the most common cause of respiratory distress in newborns. • TTN is a diagnosis of exclusion, there are no specific clinical parameters or biomarker has been identified for TTN. What is New: • Thoracic fluid content (TFC) by electrical cardiometry is a new parameter to evaluate lung fluid volume and could help to diagnose and monitor TTN and correlates with lung ultrasound score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa Mohamed Abd El-Fattah
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Bahr St., Tanta Qism 2, Tanta, Gharbia Governorate, 31527, Egypt
| | - Heba Saied El-Mahdy
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Bahr St., Tanta Qism 2, Tanta, Gharbia Governorate, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Manal Fathy Hamisa
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Mohamed Ibrahim
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Bahr St., Tanta Qism 2, Tanta, Gharbia Governorate, 31527, Egypt
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Alonso-Ojembarrena A, Gregorio-Hernández R, Raimondi F. Neonatal point-of-care lung ultrasound: what should be known and done out of the NICU? Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1555-1565. [PMID: 38315204 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Lung ultrasound is rapidly becoming a useful tool in the care of neonates: its ease of use, reproducibility, low cost, and negligible side effects make it a very suitable tool for the respiratory care of all neonates. This technique has been extensively studied by different approaches in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), both for diagnostic and prognostic aims and to guide respiratory treatments. However, many neonates are being born in level I/II hospitals without NICU facilities so all pediatricians, not just neonatal intensivists, should be aware of its potential. This is made possible by the increasing access to ultrasound machines in a modern hospital setting. In this review, we describe the ultrasonographic characteristics of the normal neonatal lung. We also discuss the ultrasound features of main neonatal respiratory diseases: transient tachypnea of the neonate (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), pneumothorax (PNX), pleural effusion (PE), or pneumonia. Finally, we mention two functional approaches to lung ultrasound: 1. The use of lung ultrasound in level I delivery centers as a mean to assess the severity of neonatal respiratory distress and request a transport to a higher degree structure in a timely fashion. 2. The prognostic accuracy of lung ultrasound for early and targeted surfactant replacement. CONCLUSION LU is still a useful tool in level I/II neonatal units, both for diagnostic and functional issues. WHAT IS KNOWN • Neonatal lung ultrasound has been recently introduced in the usual care in many Neonatal Intensive Care Units. WHAT IS NEW • It also has many advantages in level I/II neonatal units, both for neonatologist or even pediatricians that treat neonates in those sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Alonso-Ojembarrena
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Avenida Ana de Viya, 11, 11009, Cádiz, Spain.
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain.
| | | | - Francesco Raimondi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università Federico II Di Napoli, Naples, Italy
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Rigotti C, Zannin E, Dellacà RL, Ventura ML. Combining lung ultrasound and oscillatory mechanics for assessing lung disease in very preterm infants. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1022-1027. [PMID: 37857847 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether combining lung ultrasound scores (LUSs) and respiratory system reactance (Xrs) measured by respiratory oscillometry explains the severity of lung disease better than individual parameters alone. METHODS We performed a prospective observational study in very preterm infants. Forced oscillations (10 Hz) were applied using a neonatal mechanical ventilator (Fabian HFOi, Vyaire). We used the simultaneous respiratory severity score (RSS = mean airway pressure × FIO2) as a primary outcome. We built linear mixed-effect models to assess the relationship between Xrs z-score, LUS and RSS and compared nested models using the likelihood ratio test (LRT). RESULTS We enrolled 61 infants (median (Q1, Q3) gestational age = 30.00 (26.86, 31.00) weeks) and performed 243 measurements at a postnatal age of 26 (13, 41) days and postmenstrual age of 33.14 (30.46, 35.86) weeks. Xrs z-score and LUS were independently associated with simultaneous RSS (p < 0.001 for both). The model including Xrs and LUS explained the RSS significantly better than Xrs (p value LRT < 0.001) or LUS alone (p value LRT < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Combining LUS and Xrs z-score explains the severity of lung disease better than each parameter alone and has the potential to improve the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. IMPACT Combining respiratory system reactance by oscillometry and lung ultrasound score explains the respiratory support requirement (e.g., proxy of the severity of lung disease) significantly better than each parameter alone. We assessed the relationship between lung ultrasound and respiratory system reactance in very preterm infants for the first time. Combining respiratory oscillometry and lung ultrasound has the potential to improve the understanding of respiratory pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Rigotti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zannin
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
| | - Raffaele L Dellacà
- TechRes Lab, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Ventura
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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Nemes AF, Toma AI, Dima V, Serboiu SC, Necula AI, Stoiciu R, Ulmeanu AI, Marinescu A, Ulmeanu C. Use of Lung Ultrasound in Reducing Radiation Exposure in Neonates with Respiratory Distress: A Quality Management Project. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:308. [PMID: 38399595 PMCID: PMC10890069 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Our quality management project aims to decrease by 20% the number of neonates with respiratory distress undergoing chest radiographs as part of their diagnosis and monitoring. Materials and Methods: This quality management project was developed at Life Memorial Hospital, Bucharest, between 2021 and 2023. Overall, 125 patients were included in the study. The project consisted of a training phase, then an implementation phase, and the final results were measured one year after the end of the implementation phase. The imaging protocol consisted of the performance of lung ultrasounds in all the patients on CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) or mechanical ventilation (first ultrasound at about 90 min after delivery) and the performance of chest radiographs after endotracheal intubation in any case of deterioration of the status of the patient or if such a decision was taken by the clinician. The baseline characteristics of the population were noted and compared between years 2021, 2022, and 2023. The primary outcome measures were represented by the number of X-rays performed in ventilated patients per year (including the patients on CPAP, SIMV (synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation), IPPV (intermittent positive pressure ventilation), HFOV (high-frequency oscillatory ventilation), the number of X-rays performed per patient on CPAP/year, the number of chest X-rays performed per mechanically ventilated patient/year and the mean radiation dose/patient/year. There was no randomization of the patients for the intervention. The results were compared between the year before the project was introduced and the 2 years across which the project was implemented. Results: The frequency of cases in which no chest X-ray was performed was significantly higher in 2023 compared to 2022 (58.1% vs. 35.8%; p = 0.03) or 2021 (58.1% vs. 34.5%; p = 0.05) (a decrease of 22.3% in 2023 compared with 2022 and of 23.6% in 2023 compared with 2021). The frequency of cases with one chest X-ray was significantly lower in 2023 compared to 2022 (16.3% vs. 35.8%; p = 0.032) or 2021 (16.3% vs. 44.8%; p = 0.008). The mean radiation dose decreased from 5.89 Gy × cm2 in 2021 to 3.76 Gy × cm2 in 2023 (36% reduction). However, there was an increase in the number of ventilated patients with more than one X-ray (11 in 2023 versus 6 in 2021). We also noted a slight annual increase in the mean number of X-rays per patient receiving CPAP followed by mechanical ventilation (from 1.80 in 2021 to 2.33 in 2022 and then 2.50 in 2023), and there was a similar trend in the patients that received only mechanical ventilation without a statistically significant difference in these cases. Conclusions: The quality management project accomplished its goal by obtaining a statistically significant increase in the number of ventilated patients in which chest radiographs were not performed and also resulted in a more than 30% decrease in the radiation dose per ventilated patient. This task was accomplished mainly by increasing the number of patients on CPAP and the use only of lung ultrasound in the patients on CPAP and simple cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Floriana Nemes
- Faculty of Medicine. Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neonatology, Life Memorial Hospital, 010719 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Ioan Toma
- Department of Neonatology, Life Memorial Hospital, 010719 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Dima
- Department of Neonatology, Filantropia Hospital, 011132 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Crenguta Serboiu
- Faculty of Medicine. Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Roxana Stoiciu
- Department of Neonatology, Life Memorial Hospital, 010719 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Ioan Ulmeanu
- Faculty of Medicine. Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Grigore Alexandrescu Children’s Hospital, 011743 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Marinescu
- Faculty of Medicine. Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coriolan Ulmeanu
- Faculty of Medicine. Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Grigore Alexandrescu Children’s Hospital, 011743 Bucharest, Romania
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Vc LK, Patla VKR, Vadije PR, Murki S, Subramanian S, Injeti G, Nagula K, Vadyala M, Garg M, Thirunagari S. Assessing the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound in determining invasive ventilation needs in neonates on non-invasive ventilation: An observational study from a tertiary NICU in India. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:939-946. [PMID: 38052734 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective management of neonatal respiratory distress requires timely recognition of when to transition from non-invasive to invasive ventilation. Although the lung ultrasound score (LUS) is useful in evaluating disease severity and predicting the need for surfactants, its efficacy in identifying neonates requiring invasive ventilation has only been explored in a few studies. This study aims to assess the accuracy of LUS in determining the need for invasive ventilation in neonates on non-invasive ventilation (NIV) support. From July 2021 to June 2023, we conducted a prospective study on 192 consecutively admitted neonates with respiratory distress needing NIV within 24 h of birth at our NICU in Hyderabad, India. The primary objective was the diagnostic accuracy of LUS in determining the need for invasive ventilation within 72 h of initiating NIV. We calculated LUS using the scoring system of Brat et al. (JAMA Pediatr 169:e151797, [10]). Treating physicians' assessments of the need for invasive ventilation served as the reference standard for evaluating LUS effectiveness. Out of 192 studied neonates, 31 (16.1%) required invasive ventilation. The median LUS was 5 (IQR: 2-8) for those on NIV and 10 (IQR: 7-12) for those needing invasive ventilation. The LUS had a strong discriminative ability for invasive ventilation with an AUC (area under the curve) of 0.825 (CI: 0.75-0.86, p = 0.0001). An LUS > 7 had 77.4% sensitivity (95% CI: 58.9-90.8%), 75.1% specificity (95% CI: 67.8-81.7%), 37.5% positive predictive value (PPV) (95% CI: 30.15-45.5%), 94.5% negative predictive value (NPV) (95% CI: 89.9-97.1%), 3.1 positive likelihood ratio (PLR) (95% CI: 2.2-4.3), 0.3 negative likelihood ratio (NLR) (95% CI: 0.15-0.58), and 75.5% overall accuracy (95% CI: 68.8-81.4%) for identifying invasive ventilation needs. In contrast, SAS, with a cutoff point greater than 5, has an AUC of 0.67. It demonstrates 62.5% sensitivity, 61.9% specificity, 24.7% PPV, 89.2% NPV, and an overall diagnostic accuracy of 61.9%. The DeLong test confirms the significance of this difference (AUC difference: 0.142, p = 0.04), underscoring LUS's greater reliability for NIV failure. Conclusion: This study underscores the diagnostic accuracy of the LUS cutoff of > 7 in determining invasive ventilation needs during the initial 72 h of NIV. Importantly, while lower LUS values typically rule out the need for ventilation, higher values, though indicative, are not definitive. What is known? • The effectiveness of lung ultrasound in evaluating disease severity and the need for surfactants in neonates with respiratory distress is well established. However, traditional indicators for transitioning from non-invasive to invasive ventilation, like respiratory distress and oxygen levels, have limitations, underscoring the need for reliable, non-invasive assessment tools. What is new? • This study reveals that a LUS over 7 accurately discriminates between neonates requiring invasive ventilation and those who do not. Furthermore, the lung ultrasound score outperformed the Silverman Andersen score for NIV failure in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Kumar Vc
- Department of Neonatology, Paramitha Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Praveen Rao Vadije
- Department of Neonatology, Paramitha Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Srinivas Murki
- Department of Neonatology, Paramitha Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sreeram Subramanian
- Department of Neonatology, Paramitha Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gnanavelu Injeti
- Department of Neonatology, Paramitha Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Karthikeya Nagula
- Department of Neonatology, Paramitha Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mounika Vadyala
- Department of Neonatology, Paramitha Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mehak Garg
- Department of Neonatology, Paramitha Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shivani Thirunagari
- Department of Neonatology, Paramitha Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Liu J. Ultrasound diagnosis and grading criteria of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2206943. [PMID: 37142428 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2206943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common critical lung disease in newborn infants, especially those in premature infants with higher mortality rate. Early and correct diagnosis is the key to improve its prognosis. Previously, the diagnosis of RDS mainly relied on chest X-ray (CXR) findings, and it has been graded into four stages based on the progression and severity of CXR changes. This traditional diagnosing and grading method may lead to high misdiagnosis rate or delayed diagnosis. Recently, using ultrasound to diagnose neonatal lung diseases and RDS is becoming increasingly popular, and the technology is gaining higher sensitivity and higher specificity. The management of RDS under lung ultrasound (LUS) monitoring has achieved significant results, reducing the misdiagnosis rate of RDS, thereby reducing the probability of mechanical ventilation and the use of exogenous pulmonary surfactant, and making the success rate of treatment of RDS up to 100%.Objective: The purpose of the article was to introduce the ultrasound grading methods and criteria of RDS, in order to promote the application of LUS in the diagnosis and treatment of RDS.Methods: Literature (in English and Chinese) on the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of neonatal RDS between 2008 and 2022 was selected for inclusion in this study.Results: From the collected literature, the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of RDS is increasing, and people's understanding of the ultrasound imaging findings of RDS is also changing. Among them, the research on ultrasound grading of RDS is the latest progress.Conclusion: Ultrasound is accurate and reliable in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of RDS. It is of great clinical value to master the ultrasound diagnosis and grading criteria of RDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Raimondi F, Dolce P, Veropalumbo C, Sierchio E, Gregorio Hernandez R, Rodriguez Fanjul J, Meneghin F, Raschetti R, Bonadies L, Corsini I, Alonso Ojembarrena A, Salomè S, Rodeño Fernandez L, Sanchez Luna M, Lista G, Mosca F, Dani C, Baraldi E, Giordano L, Davis PG, Capasso L. External Validation of a Multivariate Model for Targeted Surfactant Replacement. Neonatology 2023; 121:17-24. [PMID: 37883936 DOI: 10.1159/000532083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early targeted surfactant therapy for preterm infants is recommended but the best criteria to personalize treatment are unclear. We validate a previously published multivariate prognostic model based on gestational age (GA), lung ultrasound score (LUS), and oxygen saturation to inspire oxygen fraction ratio (SatO2/FiO2) using an independent data set. METHODS Pragmatic, observational study in 10 Italian and Spanish NICUs, including preterm babies (250 and 336 weeks divided into 3 GA intervals) with clinical signs of respiratory distress syndrome and stabilized on CPAP. LUS and SatO2/FiO2 were collected soon after stabilization. Their prognostic accuracy was evaluated on the subsequent surfactant administration by a rigorously masked physician. RESULTS One hundred seventy-five infants were included in the study. Surfactant was given to 74% infants born at 25-27 weeks, 38.5% at 28-30 weeks, and 26.5% at 31-33 weeks. The calibration curve comparing the validation and the development populations showed significant overlap with an intercept = 0.08, 95% CI (-0.34; 0.5) and a slope = 1.53, 95% CI (1.07-1.98). The validation cohort had a high predictive accuracy. Its ROC curve showed an AUC = 0.95, 95% CI (0.91-0.99) with sensitivity = 0.93, 95% CI (0.83-0.98), specificity = 0.81, 95% CI (0.73-0.88), PPV = 0.76, 95% CI (0.65-0.84), NPV = 0.95, 95% CI (0.88-0.98). LUS ≥9 demonstrated the highest sensitivity (0.91, 95% CI [0.82-0.97]) and specificity = 0.81, 95% CI (0.72-0.88) as individual predictor. LUS and SatO2/FiO2 prognostic performances varied with GA. CONCLUSION We validated a prognostic model based on LUS and Sat/FiO2 to facilitate early, customized surfactant administration that may improve respiratory management of preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Raimondi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Dolce
- Department of Public Health, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Veropalumbo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rebeca Gregorio Hernandez
- Neonatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rodriguez Fanjul
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Germans Triasi Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Raschetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bonadies
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Iuri Corsini
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Serena Salomè
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Manuel Sanchez Luna
- Neonatology Division, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fabio Mosca
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Dani
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Peter G Davis
- Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Letizia Capasso
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
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Regiroli G, La Malfa G, Loi B, Vivanti A, Centorrino R, De Luca D. Ultrasound-assessed lung aeration, oxygenation and respiratory care in neonatal bile acid pneumonia: A nested case-control study. Acta Paediatr 2023; 112:1898-1904. [PMID: 37265415 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Neonatal bile acid pneumonia (NBAP) occurs in neonates following obstetric cholestasis. We aimed to study the lung aeration and respiratory support of NBAP. METHODS Nested, case/control study enrolling age-matched neonates with NBAP, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or transient tachypnoea (TTN). Lung aeration and oxygenation were assessed with lung ultrasound score, oxygenation index and SpO2 /FiO2 . RESULTS Nineteen, 22 and 25 neonates with NBAP, RDS and TTN, respectively were studied (mean gestational age = 33 (2.2) weeks, 30 (45.5%) males). Upon admission, RDS patients had the worst lung ultrasound score (p = 0.022) and oxygenation index (p = 0.001), while NBAP and TTN neonates had similar values. At the worst time-point, NBAP and RDS patients showed similar oxygenation index (NBAP: 4.6 [2], RDS: 5.7 [3]) and SpO2 /FiO2 (NBAP: 3.1 [1.1], RDS: 2.7 [1]) which were worse than those of TTN patients (oxygenation index: p = 0.015, SpO2 /FiO2 : p = 0.001). RDS neonates needed the longest continuous positive airway pressure and highest mean airway pressure, but NBAP neonates needed invasive ventilation (26.3%, p = 0.01) and surfactant (31.6%, p = 0.003) more often than TTN patients who never needed these. CONCLUSION NBAP was a mild disorder in the first hours of life but subsequently worsened and became similar to RDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Regiroli
- Division of Paediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A.Beclere" Medical Centre, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
- Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit-INSERM U999, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Giulia La Malfa
- Division of Paediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A.Beclere" Medical Centre, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Loi
- Division of Paediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A.Beclere" Medical Centre, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
- Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit-INSERM U999, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Vivanti
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, "A.Beclere" Medical Centre, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Centorrino
- Division of Paediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A.Beclere" Medical Centre, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Daniele De Luca
- Division of Paediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A.Beclere" Medical Centre, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
- Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit-INSERM U999, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
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Lin PC, Chen CH, Chang JH, Peng CC, Jim WT, Lin CY, Hsu CH, Chang HY. Monitoring of the Healthy Neonatal Transition Period with Serial Lung Ultrasound. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1307. [PMID: 37628306 PMCID: PMC10453359 DOI: 10.3390/children10081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound has been used to observe lung aeration and fluid clearance during the neonatal transition period, but there is no consensus regarding the optimal timing of lung ultrasound. We aimed to monitor the trend of the serial lung ultrasound score (LUS) and extended LUS (eLUS) throughout the neonatal transition period (≤1, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h after birth), assess any correlation to the clinical presentation (using the Silverman Andersen Respiratory Severity Score (RSS)), and determine the optimal time of the ultrasound. We found both LUS and eLUS decreased significantly after 2 h of life and had similar statistical differences among the serial time points. Although both scores had a positive, moderate correlation to the RSS overall (Pearson correlation 0.499 [p < 0.001] between LUS and RSS, 0.504 [p < 0.001] between eLUS and RSS), the correlation was poor within 1 h of life (Pearson correlation 0.15 [p = 0.389] between LUS and RSS, 0.099 [p = 0.573] between eLUS and RSS). For better clinical correlation, the first lung ultrasound for the neonate may be performed at 2 h of life. Further research is warranted to explore the clinical value and limitations of earlier (≤1 h of life) lung ultrasound examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chih Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-T.J.)
| | - Chia-Huei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-T.J.)
| | - Jui-Hsing Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-T.J.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-T.J.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Tim Jim
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-T.J.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-T.J.)
| | - Chyong-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-T.J.)
| | - Hung-Yang Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan; (P.-C.L.); (W.-T.J.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
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10
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Luo K, Wang H, Huang F, Tang J. Optimal timing and cutoff range of lung ultrasound in predicting surfactant administration in neonates: A meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287758. [PMID: 37498845 PMCID: PMC10374100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Timely application of surfactant replacement therapy is critical for neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Presently, early clinical decision on surfactant use relies solely on ventilator parameters. However, ventilator parameters are unable to truly recapitulate the extent of surfactant deficiency. Lung ultrasound has been increasingly used in the early prediction of surfactant use in recent years, but its predictive value remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to examine its predictive value in surfactant use and determine the optimal timing and cutoff value. METHODS Studies on neonates with respiratory distress or diagnosed with RDS were collected from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Primary outcomes included sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of lung ultrasound. RESULTS Ten eligible studies with 1162 participants were included. The sensitivity and specificity of lung ultrasound in predicting surfactant use were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81-0.90) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71-0.90), respectively. Lung ultrasound performed within 1-3 h after birth had a sensitivity of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.79-0.95) and a Youden's index of 0.67. Compared with a lung ultrasound score (LUS) cutoff of ≤6/7, ≤8, >5, >6/7, and >8, a LUS cutoff of ≤5 had higher Youden's index (0.73) and sensitivity (0.94, 95% CI: 0.85-0.97) in predicting surfactant use. CONCLUSIONS Lung ultrasound is effective for predicting surfactant use in neonates. Lung ultrasound within 1-3 h after birth and a LUS cutoff of 5 are recommended. However, the symptoms and oxygenation of the neonatal patients must also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Luo
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fangjun Huang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
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11
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Tandircioglu UA, Melekoglu NA. Prospective Evaluation of the Correlation of Lung Ultrasonography Score and Blood Gas Parameters in Neonates With Respiratory Distress. Cureus 2023; 15:e41716. [PMID: 37575870 PMCID: PMC10414769 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung ultrasonography (LUS) has become frequently used in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) because it is diagnostic, useful, harmless, radiation-free, and practical for bedside use due to its portability. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between lung ultrasound (LUS) scores and diagnoses of neonates hospitalized for respiratory distress and determine the value of the combined use of laboratory and imaging methods in patient evaluation by looking at the correlation between blood gas parameters and LUS score. Materials and methods Between March and July 2022, a total of 55 patients who were born term or premature and admitted due to respiratory distress in the NICU of Malatya Training and Research Hospital were included in the study. In this observational, prospective study, demographic information such as birth weights, gestational weeks, mode of delivery, Apgar scores, blood gas sample results, LUS results and scores, ventilation types, and discharge time were recorded during hospitalization in our unit. According to the newborns' clinical, laboratory, and radiologic evaluations, the diagnoses of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), or congenital pneumonia were made, and the relationship between the diagnoses and LUS scores was evaluated. The pH value and PCO2 value in the venous blood gas obtained on the day of LUS were recorded. Correlation analysis was performed between the LUS score and pH value, LUS score and PCO2 value. Results Twenty-seven newborns were diagnosed with TTN, 18 with RDS, and 10 with congenital pneumonia. There was a statistical difference between LUS scores and diagnoses (p<0.001). According to Spearman correlation analysis, a significant negative moderate correlation was found between LUS scores and venous blood gas pH value (p<0.001, r:-0.49). There was also a significant positive low, moderate correlation with venous blood gas PCO2 value (p<0.001, r:0.36). Conclusion This study demonstrates that LUS scoring has a role in determining the severity of disease and making diagnoses in patients hospitalized for respiratory distress. When LUS is widely used, it will be informative about the severity and prognosis of the disease, together with laboratory evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuriye Asli Melekoglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Malatya Turgut Özal University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, TUR
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12
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Schwarz S. Pulmonary Sonography - Neonatal Diagnosis Part 2. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2023; 44:240-268. [PMID: 36669528 DOI: 10.1055/a-1996-0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A healthy, air-filled lung can only be visualized by its artifacts, and pathologies of the lung are revealed by changes in these artifacts. Because ultrasound artifacts are predominantly used in pulmonary sonography to assess pathologic processes, the variability of sonographically imageable phenomena is limited. For this reason, different pulmonary diseases may present very similarly in ultrasound. Therefore, a correct interpretation of the findings is only possible in the clinical context, taking into account the age-dependent differential diagnoses.The particular relevance of lung ultrasound in the treatment of neonatal patients results from a close correlation between the extent of sonographically-depictable pathologies and parameters of respiratory insufficiency. This suggests a direct correlation between ultrasound findings and the severity of lung injury. Lung ultrasound thus represents a unique, ubiquitously available, bedside, serial method for monitoring the pulmonary status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schwarz
- Clinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Sana-Kliniken Duisburg GmbH, Duisburg, Germany
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13
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Capasso L, Pacella D, Migliaro F, Salomè S, Grasso F, Corsini I, De Luca D, Davis PG, Raimondi F. Can lung ultrasound score accurately predict surfactant replacement? A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test studies. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:1427-1437. [PMID: 36717970 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and radiographic criteria are traditionally used to determine the need for surfactant therapy in preterm infants. Lung ultrasound is a bedside test that offers a rapid, radiation-free, alternative to this approach. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the accuracy of a lung ultrasound score (LUS) in identifying infants who would receive at least one surfactant dose. Secondary aims were to evaluate the predictive accuracy for ≥2 doses and the accuracy of a different image classification system based on three lung ultrasound profiles. METHODS PubMed, SCOPUS, Biomed Central, and the Cochrane library between January 2011 and December 2021 were searched. Full articles enrolling preterm neonates who underwent lung ultrasound to predict surfactant administration were assessed and analyzed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and QUADAS-2 guidelines. RESULTS Seven prospective studies recruiting 697 infants met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was generally low. Oxygen requirement, clinical and radiographic signs of respiratory distress syndrome were used as reference standards for surfactant replacement. The summary receiver operator characteristic (sROC) curve for LUS predicting first surfactant dose showed an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82-0.91); optimal specificity and sensitivity (Youden index) were 0.83 and 0.81 respectively. Pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value for LUS predicting the first surfactant dose were 0.89 (0.82-0.95), 0.86 (0.78-0.95), 3.78 (3.05-4.50), 0.92 (0.87-0.97), 0.79 (0.65-0.92). The sROC curve for the accuracy of Type 1 lung profile in predicting first surfactant dose showed an AUC of 0.88; optimal specificity and sensitivity were both 0.86. Two studies addressing the predictive accuracy of LUS for ≥2 surfactant doses had high heterogeneity and were unsuitable to combine in a meta-analysis. DISCUSSION Despite current significant variation in LUS thresholds, lung ultrasound is highly predictive of the need for early surfactant replacement. This evidence was derived from studies with homogeneous patient characteristics and low risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Capasso
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Pacella
- Department of Public Health, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Fiorella Migliaro
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Salomè
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Fiorentino Grasso
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Iuri Corsini
- Careggi Hospital, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele De Luca
- Service de Pediatrie et Reanimation Neonatale Hopital "A. Beclere"-Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Peter G Davis
- Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
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14
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Weber MD, Lim JKB, Ginsburg S, Conlon T, Nishisaki A. Translating Guidelines into Practical Practice: Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Pediatric Critical Care Clinicians. Crit Care Clin 2023; 39:385-406. [PMID: 36898781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is now transitioning from an emerging technology to a standard of care for critically ill children. POCUS can provide immediate answers to clinical questions impacting management and outcomes within this fragile population. Recently published international guidelines specific to POCUS use in neonatal and pediatric critical care populations now complement previous Society of Critical Care Medicine guidelines. The authors review consensus statements within guidelines, identify important limitations to statements, and provide considerations for the successful implementation of POCUS in the pediatric critical care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Weber
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Joel K B Lim
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sarah Ginsburg
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Conlon
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Akira Nishisaki
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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Li Z, Mu X, Dang D, Lv X, Si S, Guo Y, Wu H. Comparison of lung ultrasound scores with clinical models for predicting bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:1697-1705. [PMID: 36757494 PMCID: PMC10167145 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Lung ultrasound scores (LUSs) have been demonstrated to accurately predict moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (msBPD). This study attempted to explore the additional value of LUSs for predicting msBPD compared to clinical multivariate models in different gestational age (GA) groups. The study prospectively recruited preterm infants with GA < 32 weeks. Lung ultrasound was performed on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after birth. A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to evaluate LUS evolution in infants born before and after 28 weeks. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) procedure was used to analyze the reliability of LUS and clinical multivariable models for predicting msBPD. The optimal time to predict msBPD in all infants was 7 days with a cut-off point of 5 (area under the ROC (AUROC) curve: 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71-0.84). In infants with GA ≥ 28 weeks, LUSs provided a moderate diagnostic accuracy for all four time points (AUROC curve: 0.74-0.78), and the AUROC curve for the clinical multivariable model on day 14 was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84-0.96), which was significantly higher than that of LUSs (AUROC curve: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68-0.85, P < 0.05). In infants born at 23-27 weeks, LUSs showed a low diagnostic accuracy with higher cut-off points to predict msBPD, and the AUROC curve for GA to predict msBPD was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.59-0.85), providing diagnostic accuracy similar to that of LUSs. Conclusion: The contribution of LUSs to predict msBPD in infants with different GAs remains controversial and requires further investigation. What is Known: • Lung ultrasound scores (LUSs) have been demonstrated to accurately predict moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in infants with gestational age (GA)<32 weeks. What is New: • The LUSs evolution differed between extremely preterm infants born before 28 weeks and preterm infants born at 28-32 weeks of gestation. • LUSs provided similar moderate predictive performance as GA-adjusted LUS and clinical multivariate models in infants born after 28 weeks, while LUSs seem to be less helpful in infants born before 28 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Mu
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Dang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoming Lv
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shuyu Si
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yiyi Guo
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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16
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Rodriguez-Fanjul J, Benet N, Rodrigo Gonzalo de Lliria C, Porta R, Guinovart G, Bobillo-Pérez S. Lung ultrasound protocol decreases radiation in newborn population without side effects: A quality improvement project. Med Intensiva 2023; 47:16-22. [PMID: 36272901 DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reduce radiation exposure in newborns admitted due respiratory distress based on the implementation of lung ultrasound (LUS). DESIGN Quality improvement (QI), prospective, before-after, pilot study. SETTING Third level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) level with 25-bed and 1800 deliveries/year. PATIENTS Inclusion criteria were neonates admitted with respiratory distress. INTERVENTIONS After a theoretical and practical LUS training a new protocol was approved and introduced to the unit were LUS was the first-line image. To study the effect of the intervention we compare two 6-month periods: group 1, with the previous chest X-ray (CXR)-protocol (CXR as the first diagnostic technique) vs. group 2, once LUS-protocol had been implemented. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST The main QI measures were the total exposure to radiation. Secondary QI were to evaluate if the LUS protocol modified the clinical evolution as well as the frequency of complications. RESULTS 122 patients were included. The number of CXR was inferior in group 2 (group 1: 2 CXR (IQR 1-3) vs. Group 2: 0 (IQR 0-1), p<0.001), as well as had lower median radiation per baby which received at least one CXR: 56 iGy (IQR 32-90) vs. 30 iGy (IQR 30-32), p<0.001. Respiratory support was similar in both groups, with lower duration of non-invasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen duration the second group (p<0.05). No differences regarding respiratory development complications, length of stay and mortality were found. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of LUS protocol in unit decreases the exposure radiation in infants without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodriguez-Fanjul
- Neonatology Unit, Paediatric Department, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain; Working Group on Ultrasound of the Spanish Society of Neonatology (SENeo), Valencia, Spain.
| | - N Benet
- Neonatology Unit, Paediatric Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - C Rodrigo Gonzalo de Lliria
- Paediatric Department, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - R Porta
- Neonatology Unit, Paediatric Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - G Guinovart
- Neonatology Unit, Paediatric Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - S Bobillo-Pérez
- Disorders of Immunity and Respiration of the Paediatric Critical Patient Research Group, Institut Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Parri N, Allinovi M, Giacalone M, Corsini I. To B or not to B. The rationale for quantifying B-lines in pediatric lung diseases. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:9-15. [PMID: 36253340 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lung ultrasound (LUS) is emerging as adjunct tool to be used during clinical assessment. Among the different hallmarks of LUS, B-lines are well known artifacts, which are not correlated with identifiable structures, but which can be used for pathological classification. The presence of multiple B-lines is a sonographic sign of lung interstitial syndrome. It has been demonstrated in adults that there is a direct correlation between the number of B-lines and the severity of the interstitial involvement of lung disease. Counting B-lines is an attempt to enrich the clinical assessment and clinical information, beyond obtaining a simple dichotomous answer. Semiquantitative or quantitative B-line assessment has been shown to correlate with fluid overload and demonstrated prognostic implications in specific neonatal and pediatric conditions. LUS with quantitative B-lines assessment is promising. Current evidence allows for quantification of B-lines in a limited number of neonatal and pediatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Parri
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Trauma Center, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Allinovi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Giacalone
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Trauma Center, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Iuri Corsini
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
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18
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Pezza L, Sartorius V, Loi B, Regiroli G, Centorrino R, Lanciotti L, Carnielli VP, De Luca D. Evolution of Ultrasound-Assessed Lung Aeration and Gas Exchange in Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Transient Tachypnea of the Neonate. J Pediatr 2022; 256:44-52.e2. [PMID: 36493883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use clinical, lung ultrasound, and gas exchange data to clarify the evolution of lung aeration and function in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient tachypnea of the neonate (TTN), the most common types of neonatal respiratory failure. STUDY DESIGN In this prospective observational cohort study, lung aeration and function were measured with a semiquantitative lung ultrasound score (LUS) and transcutaneous blood gas measurement performed at 1 hour (time point 0), 6 hours (time point 1), 12 hours (time point 2), 24 hours (time point 3) and 72 hours (time point 4) of life. Endogenous surfactant was estimated using lamellar body count (LBC). LUS, oxygenation index (OI), oxygen saturation index (OSI), and transcutaneous pressure of carbon dioxide (PtcCO2) were the primary outcomes. All results were adjusted for gestational age. RESULTS Sixty-nine neonates were enrolled in the RDS cohort, and 58 neonates were enrolled in the TTN cohort. LUS improved over time (within-subjects, P < .001) but was worse for the RDS cohort than for the TTN cohort at all time points (between-subjects, P < .001). Oxygenation improved over time (within-subjects, P = .011 for OI, P < .001 for OSI) but was worse for the RDS cohort than for the TTN cohort at all time points (between-subjects, P < .001 for OI and OSI). PtcCO2 improved over time (within-subjects, P < .001) and was similar in the RDS and TTN cohorts at all time points. Results were unchanged after adjustment for gestational age. LBC was associated with RDS (β = -0.2 [95% CI, -0.004 to -0.0001]; P = .037) and LUS (β = -3 [95% CI, -5.5 to -0.5]; P = .019). CONCLUSIONS For the first 72 hours of life, the RDS cohort had worse lung aeration and oxygenation compared with the TTN cohort at all time points. CO2 clearance did not differ between the cohorts, whereas both lung aeration and function improved in the first 72 hours of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Pezza
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A. Béclère" Medical Center, Paris-Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Victor Sartorius
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A. Béclère" Medical Center, Paris-Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Loi
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A. Béclère" Medical Center, Paris-Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Regiroli
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A. Béclère" Medical Center, Paris-Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Centorrino
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A. Béclère" Medical Center, Paris-Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Lucia Lanciotti
- Division of Neonatology, "G. Salesi" Women and Children's Hospital, Polytechnical University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Virgilio P Carnielli
- Division of Neonatology, "G. Salesi" Women and Children's Hospital, Polytechnical University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniele De Luca
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A. Béclère" Medical Center, Paris-Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France; Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit, INSERM U999, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
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19
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Marzook N, Gagnon F, Deragon A, Zielinski D, Shapiro AJ, Lands LC, Dubrovsky AS. Lung ultrasound findings in asymptomatic healthy children with asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:2474-2480. [PMID: 35794853 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been shown to be an effective tool to rapidly diagnose certain causes of pediatric respiratory distress. However, very little is known about LUS findings in pediatric asthma. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to characterize LUS findings in a cohort of pediatric patients with a definitive diagnosis of asthma, outside of an asthma exacerbation. METHODS Eligible patients, aged 6-17 years old and diagnosed with asthma, underwent LUS during an outpatient visit. LUS was conducted using a six-zone scanning protocol. Presence of a LUS artifact was defined by one or more of the following: ≥3 B-lines per intercostal space, pulmonary consolidation, and/or pleural abnormality. Images were interpreted by an expert sonographer blinded to patient clinical characteristics. RESULTS Fifty-two patients were included. 10/52 (19.2%) patients demonstrated the presence of LUS artifacts: 8 with ≥3 B-lines, 1 with consolidation >1 cm, and 7 with subpleural consolidations <1 cm, 1 with a pleural line abnormality. Artifacts were seen in the right anterior and lateral zones in 60% of participants and were limited to 1-2 intercostal space(s) within one lung zone in all participants. No association was found between presence of LUS artifacts and asthma control or severity. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of LUS findings in outpatient pediatric asthma. LUS artifacts in asthmatic children can be seen outside of acute exacerbations. Such baseline findings need to be taken into consideration when using LUS for the acute evaluation of a pediatric patient with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Marzook
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francois Gagnon
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - David Zielinski
- Pediatric Respirology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam J Shapiro
- Pediatric Respirology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Larry C Lands
- Pediatric Respirology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexander S Dubrovsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,UP Centre for Pediatric Emergencies, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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20
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Sett A, Foo GWC, Kenna KR, Sutton RJ, Perkins EJ, Sourial M, Rogerson SR, Manley BJ, Davis PG, Pereira-Fantini PM, Tingay DG. Quantitative lung ultrasound detects dynamic changes in lung recruitment in the preterm lamb. Pediatr Res 2022; 93:1591-1598. [PMID: 36167816 PMCID: PMC10172106 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung ultrasound (LUS) may not detect small, dynamic changes in lung volume. Mean greyscale measurement using computer-assisted image analysis (Q-LUSMGV) may improve the precision of these measurements. METHODS Preterm lambs (n = 40) underwent LUS of the dependent or non-dependent lung during static pressure-volume curve mapping. Total and regional lung volumes were determined using the super-syringe technique and electrical impedance tomography. Q-LUSMGV and gold standard measurements of lung volume were compared in 520 images. RESULTS Dependent Q-LUSMGV moderately correlated with total lung volume (rho = 0.60, 95% CI 0.51-0.67) and fairly with right whole (rho = 0.39, 0.27-0.49), central (rho = 0.38, 0.27-0.48), ventral (rho = 0.41, 0.31-0.51) and dorsal regional lung volumes (rho = 0.32, 0.21-0.43). Non-dependent Q-LUSMGV moderately correlated with total lung volume (rho = 0.57, 0.48-0.65) and fairly with right whole (rho = 0.43, 0.32-0.52), central (rho = 0.46, 0.35-0.55), ventral (rho = 0.36, 0.25-0.47) and dorsal lung volumes (rho = 0.36, 0.25-0.47). All correlation coefficients were statistically significant. Distinct inflation and deflation limbs, and sonographic pulmonary hysteresis occurred in 95% of lambs. The greatest changes in Q-LUSMGV occurred at the opening and closing pressures. CONCLUSION Q-LUSMGV detected changes in total and regional lung volume and offers objective quantification of LUS images, and may improve bedside discrimination of real-time changes in lung volume. IMPACT Lung ultrasound (LUS) offers continuous, radiation-free imaging that may play a role in assessing lung recruitment but may not detect small changes in lung volume. Mean greyscale image analysis using computer-assisted quantitative LUS (Q-LUSMGV) moderately correlated with changes in total and regional lung volume. Q-LUSMGV identified opening and closing pressure and pulmonary hysteresis in 95% of lambs. Computer-assisted image analysis may enhance LUS estimation of lung recruitment at the bedside. Future research should focus on improving precision prior to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sett
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Joan Kirner Women's and Children's Hospital, Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Paediatric Infant Perinatal Emergency Retrieval, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Gillian W C Foo
- Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly R Kenna
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Sutton
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Translational Research Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Perkins
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdy Sourial
- Translational Research Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheryle R Rogerson
- Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Paediatric Infant Perinatal Emergency Retrieval, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett J Manley
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter G Davis
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Prue M Pereira-Fantini
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David G Tingay
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neonatology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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21
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Corsini I, Parri N, Ficial B, Ciarcià M, Migliaro F, Capasso L, Savoia M, Gizzi C, Clemente M, Raimondi F, Dani C. Lung ultrasound in Italian neonatal intensive care units: A national survey. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:2199-2206. [PMID: 35637553 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung ultrasound (LU) is a noninvasive, bedside imaging technique that is attracting growing interest in the evaluation of neonatal respiratory diseases. We conducted a nationwide survey of LU usage in Italian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). METHODS A structured questionnaire was developed and sent online to 114 Italian NICUs from June to September 2021. RESULTS The response rate was 79%. In the past 4 years (range: 2-6), LU has been adopted in 82% of Italian NICUs. It is the first-choice diagnostic test in 23% of the centers surveyed. The main LU diagnostic applications reported were: pneumothorax (95%), respiratory distress syndrome (89%), transient tachypnea of the newborn (89%), plural effusion (88%), atelectasis (66%), pneumonia (64%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (43%), congenital pulmonary airway malformation (41%), and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (34%). Thirty percent of participating centers calculated LU score routinely, but only seven units used it to predict the need for surfactant replacement. Sixty-six percent of respondents learned the LU technique via a self-training process, while 34% of them visited an expert in the field for one-to-one tuition. CONCLUSIONS LU has a widespread use in Italian NICUs. However, the use of LU is extremely heterogeneous among centers. There is an urgent need to ensure standardization of clinical practice guidelines and to design and implement a formalized and accredited training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Corsini
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Parri
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Trauma Center, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Benjamim Ficial
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Ciarcià
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fiorella Migliaro
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Letizia Capasso
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Savoia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, S Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Camilla Gizzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sandro Pertini Hospital, ASL RM2, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Clemente
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Dani
- Department of Neurosciences Psychology Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
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22
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Semi-quantitative lung ultrasound score during ground transportation of outborn neonates with respiratory failure. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:3085-3092. [PMID: 35697797 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lung ultrasound score (LUS) is increasingly diffused in neonatal critical care but scanty data are available about its use during transfer of severely ill neonates. We aimed to clarify the effect of ground transportation on LUS evolution, conformity of interpretation, and relationships with oxygenation and clinical severity. This is a single-center, blinded, observational, cross-sectional study. Neonates of any gestational age with respiratory distress appearing within 24 h from birth were transferred by a mobile unit towards neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary referral center. Calculation of LUS prior to the transportation (T1), in the mobile unit (T2), at the end of transportation (T3), and finally upon NICU admission. LUS in the mobile unit and in the NICU was performed by different physicians blinded to each other's results. LUS did not change overtime (T1: 6.3 (3.5), T2: 6.1 (3.5), T3: 5.8 (3.4); p = 0.479; adjusted for gestational or postnatal age or transport duration: p = 0.951, p = 0.424, and 0.266, respectively) but reliably predicted surfactant need (AUC at T1: 0.833 (95%CI: 0.72-0.92); AUC at T2: 0.82 (95%CI: 0.70-0.91); AUC at T3: 0.82 (95%CI: 0.70-0.90); p always < 0.0001). There were significant agreement (ICC = 0.912 (95%CI: 0.83-0.95); p < 0.001) and correlation (r = 0.905, p < 0.001) between LUS calculated during transportation and in the NICU. LUS during transportation was also significantly correlated with oxygenation index (r = 0.321, p = 0.026; standardized B = 0.397 (95%CI: 0.03-0.76), p = 0.048) and TRIPS-II score (r = 0.302, p = 0.008; standardized B = 0.568 (95%CI: 0.04-1.1), p = 0.037). CONCLUSION LUS during ground transportation of neonates with respiratory failure is suitable and not influenced by the transportation itself. It has a high agreement with that calculated in the NICU and correlates with patients' oxygenation and severity. WHAT IS KNOWN • Lung ultrasound is a part of the point-of-care ultrasound, which is becoming an essential tool, to manage critically ill neonates and children in an accurate, non-invasive and quick way. WHAT IS NEW • Lung ultrasound score (LUS) is suitable during transportation of critically ill neonates with respiratory failure and is not influenced by the transportation itself. • LUS has a high agreement with that calculated in the NICU and correlates with patients' oxygenation and severity of respiratory failure.
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Wang Y, Li N, Qu Y. Diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound for transient tachypnea: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2022; 98:329-337. [PMID: 34801486 PMCID: PMC9432068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this meta-analysis was to study the diagnostic value of lung ultrasound (LUS) for transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). METHODS Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched, and the last search date was October 31, 2020. Studies on the diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary ultrasound for transient tachypnea were included. The quality assessment of the included study was assessed using the Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. A meta-analysis was performed using Meta-Disc 1.4. A random-effects model was used and subgroup analysis was carried out to identify possible sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 378 articles were retrieved and nine studies with 3239 patients were included in the present meta-analysis. The overall quality of the included studies was moderate to high. The result of threshold analysis shows that there was no threshold effect. However, there was a significant heterogeneity caused by non-threshold effects in the included studies. A random-effects model was used. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR and NLR were 0.55 (95% CI: 0.51-0.58), 0.98 (95% CI: 0.98-0.99), 58.30 (95% CI: 14.05-241.88) and 0.28 (95% CI: 0.18-0.43). The pooled DOR and AUC were 689.12 (95% CI: 68.71 to 6911.79) and 0.994. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the LUS diagnostic criteria and gold standard might be responsible for heterogeneity. Choosing "DLP combined with B line" as the diagnostic standard of LUS and choosing CXR as the gold standard could significantly improve the diagnostic performance of LUS. CONCLUSION LUS is a promising method to diagnose TTN. Only DLP is not enough to diagnose TTN, while DLP combined with B-line has good diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Department of Neonatology, Jilin, China
| | - Na Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Department of Neonatology, Jilin, China.
| | - Yangming Qu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Department of Neonatology, Jilin, China
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25
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Ma HR, Liu J, Yan WK. Accuracy and Reliability of Lung Ultrasound to Diagnose Transient Tachypnoea of the Newborn: Evidence from a Meta-analysis and Systematic Review. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:973-979. [PMID: 33242910 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is one of the most common causes of neonatal respiratory distress (RD) during the newborn period. Chest radiography (CXR) is commonly used to rule out the diagnosis, but TTN is often misdiagnosed as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) on the basis of CXR alone. Increasing evidence suggests that lung ultrasound (LUS) may be a reliable diagnostic tool for transient tachypnoea of the newborn. However, studies of the diagnostic efficiency of LUS are still lacking. This study was aimed to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of LUS for diagnosing TTN by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. STUDY DESIGN We searched for articles in the Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases from inception until May 31, 2020. The selected studies were diagnostic accuracy studies that reported the utility of LUS in the diagnosis of TTN. Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Then, we created a bivariate model of mixed effects to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of LUS in diagnosing TTN. A summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve was constructed to summarize the performance characteristics of LUS. RESULTS Six studies involving 617 newborns were included in the review. LUS had a pooled sensitivity of 0.98 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-1.00) and a specificity of 0.99 (CI: 0.91-1.00). The area under the curve for LUS was 1.00 (0.98-1.0). Meta-regression revealed that LUS had a significant diagnostic accuracy for TTN. CONCLUSION The performance of ultrasound for the detection of TTN was excellent. Considering the various advantages of LUS compared with chest radiographs in diagnosing TTN, this study supports the routine use of LUS for the detection of TTN. KEY POINTS · Lung ultrasound is a highly accurate diagnostic tool, which may be a viable and superior alternative to CXR, in diagnosing TTN.. · Lung ultrasound can help differentiate TTN from other etiologies of respiratory distress in neonates.. · There are still some controversies on the ultrasound diagnostic criteria of TTN..
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ran Ma
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou Guangdong, Republic of China
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Beijing and National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Center, Beijing, Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Beijing and National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Center, Beijing, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Kang Yan
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou Guangdong, Republic of China
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26
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De Luca D, Yousef N. Pharmaceutical Expenditure Is Unchanged with Ultrasound-Guided Surfactant Administration. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:562-566. [PMID: 32819020 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Semiquantitative lung ultrasound improves the timeliness of surfactant replacement, but its financial consequences are unknown. We aim to investigate if the ultrasound-guided surfactant administration influences the general costs of surfactant therapy for preterm neonates affected by respiratory distress syndrome. STUDY DESIGN This is a pharmacoeconomic, retrospective, and before-and-after study investigating the impact of ultrasound-guided surfactant replacement (echography-guided Surfactant THERapy [ESTHER]) on pharmaceutical expenditure within the ESTHER initiative. Data extracted from the institutional official database hosted by the hospital administration for financial management were used for the analysis. We analyzed the number of surfactant administrations in neonates of gestational age ≤326/7 weeks, and the number of surfactant vials used from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2014 (i.e., during the period of standard surfactant administration policy) and from July 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018 (that is during ESTHER policy). RESULTS ESTHER did not modify surfactant use, as proportion of treated neonates with RDS receiving at least one surfactant dose (Standard: 21.3% vs. ESTHER: 20.9%; p = 0.876) or as proportion of used vials over the total number of vials opened for neonates of any gestational age (Standard: 37% vs. ESTHER: 35%; p = 0.509). CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided surfactant replacement using a semiquantitative lung ultrasound score in preterm infants with RDS does not change the global use of surfactant and the related expenditure. KEY POINTS · ESTHER is able to increase the timeliness of surfactant replacement.. · The ultrasound-guided surfactant administration does not increase the cost of surfactant therapy.. · The ultrasound-guided surfactant administration does not change the global surfactant utilization..
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Luca
- Division of Paediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A. Béclère" Medical Centre, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Nadya Yousef
- Division of Paediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A. Béclère" Medical Centre, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Liu J, Guo G, Kurepa D, Volpicelli G, Sorantin E, Lovrenski J, Alonso-Ojembarrena A, Hsieh KS, Lodha A, Yeh TF, Jagła M, Shah H, Yan W, Hu CB, Zhou XG, Guo RJ, Cao HY, Wang Y, Zong HF, Shang LL, Ma HR, Liu Y, Fu W, Shan RY, Qiu RX, Ren XL, Copetti R, Rodriguez-Fanjul J, Feletti F. Specification and guideline for technical aspects and scanning parameter settings of neonatal lung ultrasound examination. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:1003-1016. [PMID: 34182870 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1940943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung ultrasound (LUS) is now widely used in the diagnosis and monitor of neonatal lung diseases. Nevertheless, in the published literatures, the LUS images may display a significant variation in technical execution, while scanning parameters may influence diagnostic accuracy. The inter- and intra-observer reliabilities of ultrasound exam have been extensively studied in general and in LUS. As expected, the reliability declines in the hands of novices when they perform the point-of-care ultrasound (POC US). Consequently, having appropriate guidelines regarding to technical aspects of neonatal LUS exam is very important especially because diagnosis is mainly based on interpretation of artifacts produced by the pleural line and the lungs. The present work aimed to create an instrument operation specification and parameter setting guidelines for neonatal LUS. Technical aspects and scanning parameter settings that allow for standardization in obtaining LUS images include (1) select a high-end equipment with high-frequency linear array transducer (12-14 MHz). (2) Choose preset suitable for lung examination or small organs. (3) Keep the probe perpendicular to the ribs or parallel to the intercostal space. (4) Set the scanning depth at 4-5 cm. (5) Set 1-2 focal zones and adjust them close to the pleural line. (6) Use fundamental frequency with speckle reduction 2-3 or similar techniques. (7) Turn off spatial compounding imaging. (8) Adjust the time-gain compensation to get uniform image from the near-to far-field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Beijing, China
- The National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Center, Chinese College of Critical Ultrasound & the World Interactive Network Focused On Critical Ultrasound China branch, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Guo
- The National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Center, Chinese College of Critical Ultrasound & the World Interactive Network Focused On Critical Ultrasound China branch, Beijing, China
- Department of Neonatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dalibor Kurepa
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Volpicelli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Erich Sorantin
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jovan Lovrenski
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Almudena Alonso-Ojembarrena
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Kai-Sheng Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Shuangho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Abhay Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics & Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, NW, Canada
| | - Tsu F Yeh
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mateusz Jagła
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Heli Shah
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhumadian Center Hospital, Zhumadian City, China
| | - Cai-Bao Hu
- Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Zhou
- Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui-Jun Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Ying Cao
- The National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Center, Chinese College of Critical Ultrasound & the World Interactive Network Focused On Critical Ultrasound China branch, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, Tai'an Central Hospital of Shandong Province, Taian City, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zong
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Li Shang
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, Huizhou Central Hospital of Guangdong Province, Huizhou City, China
| | - Hai-Ran Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Beijing, China
- The National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Center, Chinese College of Critical Ultrasound & the World Interactive Network Focused On Critical Ultrasound China branch, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Beijing, China
- The National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Center, Chinese College of Critical Ultrasound & the World Interactive Network Focused On Critical Ultrasound China branch, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Yan Shan
- Department of Neonatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University School of Medicine, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ru-Xin Qiu
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Beijing, China
- The National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Center, Chinese College of Critical Ultrasound & the World Interactive Network Focused On Critical Ultrasound China branch, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Ren
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Beijing, China
- The National Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Training Center, Chinese College of Critical Ultrasound & the World Interactive Network Focused On Critical Ultrasound China branch, Beijing, China
| | - Roberto Copetti
- Department of Emergency, University Hospital of Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Feletti
- Unit of Radiology, Ospedale S. Maria delle Croci Ravenna, Ausl Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
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Utilidad de la ecografía pulmonar en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la patología respiratoria neonatal. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Tandircioglu UA, Yigit S, Oguz B, Kayki G, Celik HT, Yurdakok M. Lung ultrasonography decreases radiation exposure in newborns with respiratory distress: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:1029-1035. [PMID: 34687334 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chest X-ray (CXR) is commonly used as a first-line imaging method to determine the cause of respiratory distress in NICUs. The aim of the study was to retrospectively assess the decrease in the number of CXRs performed due to the use of lung ultrasonography on the first day of life for newborns with respiratory distress. Infants who were admitted to the NICU on the first day of life due to respiratory distress were enrolled in this study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04722016) and divided into two groups: the study group (n = 104) included patients born between January 2019 and June 2020, and the historical control group (n = 73) included patients born between June 2017 and December 2018. As a first-line technique for lung imaging, only CXR had been used in the historical control group, whereas ultrasound had been preferred in the study group. The radiation dose to the newborns and the number of CXRs performed in the first day of life were compared between the two groups. Significant reductions in the number of CXRs performed and radiation exposure were observed in the study group. The radiation dose decreased from 5.54 to 4.47 µGy per baby when LUS was routinely used. The proportion of patients who underwent CXR decreased from 100 to 71.2%.Conclusion: We observed that using lung ultrasonography as a first-line evaluation method in neonates with respiratory distress decreased both the number of CXRs performed and radiation exposure. What is Known: • Chest X-ray is commonly used as a first line imaging method to diagnose the reason of respiratory distress in NICUs. • Lung ultrasound is a new diagnostic tool for lung imaging. What is New: • With the use of lung ultrasonography, radiation exposure of both newborns and healthcare workers can be reduced. • This retrospective study revealed that most of the babies with respiratory distress were treated without CXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Ayşe Tandircioglu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sule Yigit
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Oguz
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gozdem Kayki
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Tolga Celik
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Yurdakok
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Fernández LR, Hernández RG, Guerediaga IS, Gato JM, Fanjul JR, Bilbao VA, Quintela PA, Ojembarrena AA. Usefulness of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of respiratory diseases in neonates. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022; 96:252.e1-252.e13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Rodríguez-Fanjul J, Balaguer Gargallo M, Rodrigo Gonzalo de Liria C, Ginovart G. E-learning curriculum on newborn point-of-care lung ultrasound for Paediatric residents. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 97:135-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Bediwy AS, Al-Biltagi M, Nazeer JA, Saeed NK. Chest ultrasound in neonates: What neonatologists should know. Artif Intell Med Imaging 2022; 3:8-20. [DOI: 10.35711/aimi.v3.i1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, ultrasound was thought to have no indications in pulmonary imaging because lungs are filled with air, creating no acoustic mismatch, as encountered by ultrasound wave beam. Lung ultrasound (LUS) was started in adult critical care settings to detect pleural effusion and acquired more indications over time. In the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the use of chest ultrasound has gained more attention during the last two decades. Being a radiation-free, bedside, rapid, and handy tool, LUS started to replace chest X-rays in NICU. Using LUS depends upon understanding the nature of normal lungs and the changes induced by different diseases. With the help of LUS, an experienced neonatologist can detect many of the respiratory problems so fast that interventional therapy can be introduced as early as possible. LUS can diagnose pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pneumonia, transient tachypnoea of the newborn, respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary atelectasis, meconium aspiration syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and some other disorders with very high accuracy. LUS will be helpful in initial diagnosis, follow-up, and predicting the need for further procedures such as mechanical ventilation, diuretic therapy, surfactant therapy, etc. There are some limitations to using LUS in some respiratory disorders such as bullae, interstitial emphysema, and other conditions. This review will highlight the importance of LUS, its uses, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Algharbia, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Biltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Algharbia, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Jameel Ahmed Nazeer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Pathology Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex , Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain , Manama 12, Manama, Bahrain
- Microbiology Section, Pathology Department, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
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Liu J, Fu W, Qin SJ. Lung ultrasound to guide the administration of exogenous pulmonary surfactant in respiratory distress syndrome of newborn infants: A retrospective investigation study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:952315. [PMID: 36340730 PMCID: PMC9635001 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.952315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common disease that seriously endangers the life and safety of newborns, especially premature infants. Exogenous pulmonary surfactant (PS) is the specific agent for the treatment of neonatal RDS. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been successfully used in the diagnosis of RDS, but its value in guiding the application of PS is still unclear. This paper explored whether the application of PS under LUS monitoring has some advantages, including (1) decreasing the misdiagnosis rate of RDS and decreasing probability of using PS, and (2) reducing the dose of PS without reducing the therapeutic effect. METHODS This study included two parts. Part 1: To decide whether the LUS is good to differentiate RDS from other lung diseases in the premature infants. All patients who were diagnosed with RDS and required PS treatment based on conventional criteria were routinely examined by LUS. Then, according to LUS findings, we decided whether they needed to receive PS treatment. Part 2: To see the dose reduction of surfactant is applicable. In RDS patients diagnosed based on LUS presentation and treated with Curosurf (Chiesi Pharmaceutical, Parma, Italy), the dose of Curosurf was compared with that recommended by the European RDS management guidelines. RESULTS (1) Since March 2017, 385 newborn infants admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit met the traditional diagnostic criteria of RDS. Of these, only 269 cases were diagnosed with RDS and needed PS treatment according to LUS manifestations. The other 116 infants who did not meet the criteria for ultrasound diagnosis of RDS did not receive PS supplementation but obtained good outcomes, that is LUS findings decreased a misdiagnosis rate of RDS by 30.1% and subsequently resulted in a 30.1% reduction in PS use. (2) Among the 269 RDS patients diagnosed based on LUS findings, 148 were treated with Curosurf (another 121 RDS infants who received domestic PS treatment were not included in the study group), and the average dose was 105.4 ± 24.3 mg/kg per time, which is significantly lower than the dose of 200 mg/kg per time recommended by the European RDS guidelines. (3) The mortality rate of RDS patients was 0%, and no patients had ventilator-associated pneumonia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia in this study. CONCLUSION LUS can decrease the misdiagnosis rate of RDS, thereby decreasing the probability of using PS and decreasing the dose of PS, and can help RDS infants to achieve better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shen-Juan Qin
- Department of Neonatology and NICU, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Beijing, China
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Ibarra-Ríos D, Enríquez-Estrada AC, Serpa-Maldonado EV, Miranda-Vega AL, Villanueva-García D, Vázquez-Solano EP, Márquez-González H. Lung Ultrasound Characteristics in Neonates With Positive Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for SARS-CoV-2 on a Tertiary Level Referral Hospital in Mexico City. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:859092. [PMID: 35463891 PMCID: PMC9033263 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.859092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute respiratory syndrome secondary to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection has been declared a pandemic since December 2019. On neonates, severe presentations are infrequent but possible. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been shown to be useful in diagnosing lung involvement and following up patients, giving more information, and reducing exposure compared to traditional examination. METHODS LUS was performed after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection with respiratory Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction RT-PCR with portable equipment protected with a silicone sleeve. If hemodynamic or cardiology consultation was necessary, a prepared complete ultrasound machine was used. Ten regions were explored (anterior superior and inferior, lateral, and posterior superior and inferior, right and left), and a semiquantitative score (LUSS) was calculated. Disease severity was determined with a pediatric modified score. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients with positive RT-PCR were admitted, 32 (81%) of which underwent LUS. Included patients had heterogenous diagnosis and gestational ages as expected on a referral neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (median, ICR: 36, 30-38). LUS abnormalities found were B-line interstitial pattern 90%, irregular/interrupted/thick pleural line 88%, compact B-lines 65%, small consolidations (≤5 mm) 34%, and extensive consolidations (≥5 mm) 37%. Consolidations showed posterior predominance (70%). LUSS showed a median difference between levels of disease severity and ventilatory support (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.001) and decreased with patient improvement (Wilcoxon signed-rank test p = 0.005). There was a positive correlation between LUSS and FiO2 needed (Spearman r = 0.72, p = 0.01). The most common recommendation to the attending team was pronation (41%) and increase in positive end expiratory pressure (34%). Five patients with comorbidities died. A significant rank difference of LUSS and FiO2 needed between survivors and non-survivors was found (Mann-Whitney U-test, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION LUS patterns found were like the ones described in other series (neonatal and pediatrics). Eighty-eight percent of the studies were performed with handheld affordable equipment. While there is no specific pattern, it varies according to gestational age and baseline diagnosis LUS, which were shown to be useful in assessing lung involvement that correlated with the degree of disease severity and respiratory support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ibarra-Ríos
- Neonatology Department, National Institutes of Health, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ana Luisa Miranda-Vega
- Neonatology Department, National Institutes of Health, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Neonatology Department, National Institutes of Health, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edna Patricia Vázquez-Solano
- Neonatology Department, National Institutes of Health, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Horacio Márquez-González
- Clinical Investigation Department, National Institutes of Health, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wang J, Wei H, Chen H, Wan K, Mao R, Xiao P, Chang X. Application of ultrasonography in neonatal lung disease: An updated review. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1020437. [PMID: 36389379 PMCID: PMC9640768 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung disease is often life-threatening for both preterm and term newborns. Therefore, an accurate and rapid diagnosis of lung diseases in newborns is crucial, as management strategies differ with different etiologies. To reduce the risk of radiation exposure derived from the conventionally used chest x-ray as well as computed tomography scans, lung ultrasonography (LUS) has been introduced in clinical practice to identify and differentiate neonatal lung diseases because of its radiation-free characteristic, convenience, high accuracy, and low cost. In recent years, it has been proved that LUS exhibits high sensitivity and specificity for identifying various neonatal lung diseases. Here, we offer an updated review of the applications of LUS in neonatal lung diseases based on the reports published in recent years (2017 to present).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjuan Wei
- Department of Neonatology, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Wan
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruifeng Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Liu X, Si S, Guo Y, Wu H. Limitations of Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Neonatal Lung Diseases. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:855958. [PMID: 35558371 PMCID: PMC9086677 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.855958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung ultrasound is a technique that has rapidly developed in recent years. It is a low-cost, radiation-free, and easy-to-operate tool that can be repeatedly performed at the bedside. Compared to chest X-ray, lung ultrasound has high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnoea of newborns and pneumothorax. Lung ultrasound has been widely used in neonatal intensive care units. However, due to the physical barriers of air, where ultrasonic waves cannot pass and therefore reflection artifacts occur, it has limitations in some other lung diseases and cannot fully substitute for chest X-rays or CT/MRI scanning. This review describes these limitations in detail and highlights that if clinical symptoms are not effectively alleviated after medical treatment or the clinical presentation is not compatible with the ultrasound appearances, then chest X-rays or CT/MRI scanning should be performed to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyu Si
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiyi Guo
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Rodriguez-Fanjul J, Benet N, Rodrigo Gonzalo de Lliria C, Porta R, Guinovart G, Bobillo-Pérez S. Lung ultrasound protocol decreases radiation in newborn population without side effects: A quality improvement project. Med Intensiva 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ruoss JL, Bazacliu C, Cacho N, De Luca D. Lung Ultrasound in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Does It Impact Clinical Care? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8121098. [PMID: 34943297 PMCID: PMC8700415 DOI: 10.3390/children8121098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A neonatal point-of-care ultrasound has multiple applications, but its use has been limited in neonatal intensive care units in the Unites States. An increasing body of evidence suggests that lung ultrasound performed by the neonatologist, at the bedside, is reliable and accurate in differentiating neonatal respiratory conditions, predicting morbidity, and guiding invasive interventions. Recent research has shown that a lung ultrasound can assist the clinician in accurately identifying and managing conditions such as respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In this review, we discuss basic lung ultrasound terminology, evidence for applications of neonatal lung ultrasound, and its use as a diagnostic and predictive tool for common neonatal respiratory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lauren Ruoss
- Division of Neonatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.B.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Catalina Bazacliu
- Division of Neonatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicole Cacho
- Division of Neonatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Daniele De Luca
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, A. Béclère Medical Center, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, 94270 Paris, France;
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Loi B, Vigo G, Baraldi E, Raimondi F, Carnielli VP, Mosca F, De Luca D. Lung Ultrasound to Monitor Extremely Preterm Infants and Predict Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. A Multicenter Longitudinal Cohort Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:1398-1409. [PMID: 33352083 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202008-3131oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Lung ultrasound is useful in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure. Given its characteristics, it could also be useful in extremely preterm infants with evolving chronic respiratory failure, as we lack accurate imaging tools to monitor them. Objectives: To verify if lung ultrasound can monitor lung aeration and function and has good reliability to predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm neonates. Methods: A multicenter, international, prospective, longitudinal, cohort, diagnostic accuracy study consecutively enrolling inborn neonates with gestational age 30+6 weeks or younger. Lung ultrasound was performed on the 1, 7, 14, and 28 days of life, and lung ultrasound scores were calculated and correlated with simultaneous blood gases and work of breathing score. Gestational age-adjusted lung ultrasound scores were created, verified in multivariate models, and subjected to receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analyses to predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. Measurements and Main Results: Mean lung ultrasound scores are different between infants developing (n = 72) or not developing (n = 75) bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P < 0.001 at any time point). Lung ultrasound scores significantly correlate with oxygenation metrics and work of breathing at any time point (P always < 0.0001). Gestational age-adjusted lung ultrasound scores significantly predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 7 (area under ROC curve, 0.826-0.833; P < 0.0001) and 14 (area under ROC curve, 0.834-0.858; P < 0.0001) days of life. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity and gestational age-adjusted lung ultrasound scores are significantly correlated at 7 and 14 days (P always < 0.0001). Conclusions: Lung ultrasound scores allow monitoring of lung aeration and function in extremely preterm infants. Gestational age-adjusted scores significantly predict the occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, starting from the seventh day of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Loi
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, A.Béclère Medical Center, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Vigo
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, A.Béclère Medical Center, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Neonatal ICU, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Neonatal ICU, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Virgilio P Carnielli
- Division of Neonatology, G. Salesi Women and Children Hospital, Polytechnical University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Neonatal ICU, "Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico," IRCCS Foundation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Daniele De Luca
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, A.Béclère Medical Center, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France.,Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit-INSERM U999, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
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Capasso L, Pacella D, Migliaro F, De Luca D, Raimondi F. Can lung ultrasound score accurately predict the need for surfactant replacement in preterm neonates? A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255332. [PMID: 34320032 PMCID: PMC8318286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants due to primary surfactant deficiency. Surfactant replacement has greatly improved the short and long term prognosis of RDS but its administration criteria remain uncertain. Lung ultrasound has been recently shown as a non-invasive, repeatable, bedside tool to estimate parenchymal aeration using a semiquantitative score (LUS). The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the accuracy of LUS, assessed on the first day of life, to predict surfactant replacement. Methods will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines and the protocol has been registered in PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD42021247888). Primary outcome: in a population of preterm infants, LUS will be compared in neonates who received surfactant replacement versus those who did not. Secondary outcome will be the accuracy of lung ultrasound score to predict the need for ≥ 2 doses of surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Capasso
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Pacella
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fiorella Migliaro
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele De Luca
- Service de Pediatrie et Reanimation Neonatale Hopital “A. Beclere” – GHU Paris Saclay, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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The Role of Lung Ultrasound in the Management of the Critically Ill Neonate-A Narrative Review and Practical Guide. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8080628. [PMID: 34438519 PMCID: PMC8391155 DOI: 10.3390/children8080628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung ultrasound makes use of artifacts generated by the ratio of air and fluid in the lung. Recently, an enormous increase of research regarding lung ultrasound emerged, especially in intensive care units. The use of lung ultrasound on the neonatal intensive care unit enables the clinician to gain knowledge about the respiratory condition of the patients, make quick decisions, and reduces exposure to ionizing radiation. In this narrative review, the possibilities of lung ultrasound for the stabilization and resuscitation of the neonate using the ABCDE algorithm will be discussed.
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Abstract
Lung ultrasound is increasingly used in emergency departments, medical wards, and critical care units-adult, pediatric, and neonatal. In vitro and in vivo studies show that the number and type of artifacts visualized change with lung density. This has led to the idea of a quantitative lung ultrasound approach, opening up new prospects for use not only as a diagnostic but also as a monitoring tool. Consequently, the multiple scoring systems proposed in the last few years have different technical approaches and specific clinical indications, adaptable for more or less time-dependent patients. However, multiple scoring systems may generate confusion among physicians aiming at introducing lung ultrasound in their clinical practice. This review describes the various lung ultrasound scoring systems and aims to clarify their use in different settings, focusing on technical aspects, validation with reference techniques, and clinical applications.
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Raimondi F, Migliaro F, Corsini I, Meneghin F, Pierri L, Salomè S, Perri A, Aversa S, Nobile S, Lama S, Varano S, Savoia M, Gatto S, Leonardi V, Capasso L, Carnielli VP, Mosca F, Dani C, Vento G, Dolce P, Lista G. Neonatal Lung Ultrasound and Surfactant Administration: A Pragmatic, Multicenter Study. Chest 2021; 160:2178-2186. [PMID: 34293317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research shows that a lung ultrasound score (LUS) can anticipate CPAP failure in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. RESEARCH QUESTION Can LUS also predict the need for surfactant replacement? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Multicenter, pragmatic study of preterm neonates who underwent lung ultrasound at birth and those given surfactant by masked physicians, who also were scanned within 24 h from administration. Clinical data and respiratory support variables were recorded. Accuracy of LUS, oxygen saturation to Fio2 ratio, Fio2, and Silverman score for surfactant administration were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. The simultaneous prognostic values of LUS and oxygen saturation to Fio2 ratio for surfactant administration, adjusting for gestational age (GA), were analyzed through a logistic regression model. RESULTS Two hundred forty infants were enrolled. One hundred eight received at least one dose of surfactant. LUS predicted the first surfactant administration with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.81-0.91), cut off of 9, sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.70-0.86), specificity of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.89), positive predictive value of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.71-0.87), negative predictive value of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.75-0.89), positive likelihood ratio of 4.65 (95% CI, 3.14-6.89), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.26 (95% CI, 0.18-0.37). No significant difference was shown among different GA groups: 25 to 27 weeks' GA (AUC, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.99), 28 to 30 weeks' GA (AUC, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72-0.91), and 31 to 33 weeks' GA (AUC, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.95), respectively. LUS declined significantly within 24 h in infants receiving one surfactant dose. When comparing Fio2, oxygen saturation to Fio2 ratio, LUS, and Silverman scores as criteria for surfactant administration, only the latter showed a significantly poorer performance. The combination of oxygen saturation to Fio2 ratio and LUS showed the highest predictive power, with an AUC of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89-0.97), regardless of the GA interval. INTERPRETATION LUS is a reliable criterion to administer the first surfactant dose regardless of GA. Its association with oxygen saturation to Fio2 ratio significantly improves the prediction power for surfactant need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Raimondi
- Division of Neonatology and Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università"Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Fiorella Migliaro
- Division of Neonatology and Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università"Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Iuri Corsini
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Meneghin
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pierri
- Division of Neonatology and Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università"Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Salomè
- Division of Neonatology and Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università"Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Perri
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Nobile
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Lama
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Varano
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Sara Gatto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Leonardi
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Letizia Capasso
- Division of Neonatology and Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università"Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Virgilio Paolo Carnielli
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Dani
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Dolce
- Department of Public Health, Università"Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lista
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Bozkaya D, Dizdar EA, Korkut S, Ceran B, Alkan M, Oğuz ŞS. Evaluation of Different Types of Natural Surfactants by Lung Ultrasound in Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Perinatol 2021; 38:590-596. [PMID: 31770784 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1700856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the lung ultrasonography (LUS) scores after two different natural surfactant administration as a parameter reflecting lung inflation. STUDY DESIGN Preterm infants of 32 gestational weeks and below who were diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were randomly assigned to be administered either poractant alfa or beractant, prospectively. Serial LUS scans were obtained by an experienced neonatologist in a standardized manner before and after (2 and 6 hours) surfactant administration. The LUS scans were evaluated by protocols based on scores and lung profiles. RESULTS Thirty-seven infants received poractant alfa and 36 received beractant. The baseline characteristics and presurfactant LUS scores were similar in groups. The scores were significantly decreased after surfactant administration in both groups (2 hours, p = < 0.001; 6 hours, p = < 0.001). LUS scores in poractant group were significantly lower than beractant group when compared at each time point. At the end of 6 hours, the number of infants with the normal profile was significantly higher in the poractant group (∼65%) than the beractant group (22%). CONCLUSION LUS is beneficial for evaluating lung aeration after surfactant treatment in preterm infants with RDS. A better lung aeration can be achieved in the early period with the use of poractant alfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davut Bozkaya
- Division of Neonatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evrim Alyamaç Dizdar
- Division of Neonatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sabriye Korkut
- Division of Neonatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Ceran
- Division of Neonatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mihriban Alkan
- Division of Radiology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şerife Suna Oğuz
- Division of Neonatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Higano NS, Ruoss JL, Woods JC. Modern pulmonary imaging of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Perinatol 2021; 41:707-717. [PMID: 33547408 PMCID: PMC8561744 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-00929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex and serious cardiopulmonary morbidity in infants who are born preterm. Despite advances in clinical care, BPD remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality, due in large part to the increased survival of extremely preterm infants. There are few strong early prognostic indicators of BPD or its later outcomes, and evidence for the usage and timing of various interventions is minimal. As a result, clinical management is often imprecise. In this review, we highlight cutting-edge methods and findings from recent pulmonary imaging research that have high translational value. Further, we discuss the potential role that various radiological modalities may play in early risk stratification for development of BPD and in guiding treatment strategies of BPD when employed in varying severities and time-points throughout the neonatal disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara S Higano
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Cincinnati Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Lauren Ruoss
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jason C Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Cincinnati Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Raimondi F, Migliaro F, Corsini I, Meneghin F, Dolce P, Pierri L, Perri A, Aversa S, Nobile S, Lama S, Varano S, Savoia M, Gatto S, Leonardi V, Capasso L, Carnielli VP, Mosca F, Dani C, Vento G, Lista G. Lung Ultrasound Score Progress in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2020-030528. [PMID: 33688032 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The utility of a lung ultrasound score (LUS) has been described in the early phases of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). We investigated lung ultrasound as a tool to monitor respiratory status in preterm neonates throughout the course of RDS. METHODS Preterm neonates, stratified in 3 gestational age cohorts (25-27, 28-30, and 31-33 weeks), underwent lung ultrasound at weekly intervals from birth. Clinical data, respiratory support variables, and major complications (sepsis, patent ductus arteriosus, pneumothorax, and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate) were also recorded. RESULTS We enrolled 240 infants in total. The 3 gestational age intervals had significantly different LUS patterns. There was a significant correlation between LUS and the ratio of oxygen saturation to inspired oxygen throughout the admission, increasing with gestational age (b = -0.002 [P < .001] at 25-27 weeks; b = -0.006 [P < .001] at 28-30 weeks; b = -0.012 [P < .001] at 31-33 weeks). Infants with complications had a higher LUS already at birth (12 interquartile range 13-8 vs 8 interquartile range 12-4 control group; P = .001). In infants 25 to 30 weeks' gestation, the LUS at 7 days of life predicted bronchopulmonary dysplasia with an area under the curve of 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.71 to 93). CONCLUSIONS In preterm neonates affected by RDS, the LUS trajectory is gestational age dependent, significantly correlates with the oxygenation status, and predicts bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In this population, LUS is a useful, bedside, noninvasive tool to monitor the respiratory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Raimondi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences and
| | - Fiorella Migliaro
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences and
| | - Iuri Corsini
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Dolce
- Department of Public Health, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Pierri
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences and
| | - Alessandro Perri
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Nobile
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Lama
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Varano
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; and
| | | | - Sara Gatto
- NICU, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Leonardi
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Letizia Capasso
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences and
| | - Virgilio Paolo Carnielli
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; and
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Dani
- Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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The Predictive Value of Lung Ultrasound Scores in Developing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Prospective Multicenter Diagnostic Accuracy Study. Chest 2021; 160:1006-1016. [PMID: 33689782 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different lung ultrasound (LUS) scanning protocols have been used, and the results in terms of diagnostic accuracy are heterogeneous. RESEARCH QUESTIONS What is the diagnostic accuracy of the LUS score to predict moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (msBPD)? Does scanning of posterior lung fields improve the diagnostic accuracy? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This was a multicenter prospective, observational study in six centers. Two LUS aeration scores, one involving only anterolateral lung fields and the other adding the posterior fields were obtained at birth, on the third day of life (DOL), on the seventh DOL, on the 14th DOL, and on the 21st DOL. The diagnostic accuracy of both scores to predict msBPD was assessed at each time point. RESULTS Eight hundred thirty-two LUS examinations in 298 infants were included. Both LUS score using anterolateral and posterior fields and LUS score using only anterolateral fields showed a similar moderate diagnostic accuracy to predict msBPD on the third DOL (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 95% CI, 0.68-0.85 vs 0.68-0.85; P = .97), seventh DOL (AUC 95% CI, 0.74-0.85 vs 0.74-0.84; P = .26), and 21st DOL (AUC 95% CI, 0.72-0.86 vs 0.74-0.88; P = .17). The LUS score using anterolateral and posterior fields was slightly more accurate at 14th DOL (AUC 95% CI, 0.69-0.83 vs 0.66-0.80; P = .01). A cutoff of 8 points in the LUS score using only anterolateral fields on the seventh DOL provided a sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of 70%, 79%, 3.3, and 0.38, respectively, to predict msBPD. Adding gestational age (GA) and sex improved the discriminative value without significant differences compared with a predictive model based on multiple clinical variables: AUC 95% CI, 0.77-0.88 vs 0.80-0.91 (P = .52). INTERPRETATION The LUS score is able to predict msBPD from the third DOL with a moderate diagnostic accuracy. Scanning posterior lung fields slightly improved diagnostic accuracy only at the 14th DOL. Adding GA and sex improves the diagnostic accuracy of the LUS scores. The LUS score is useful to stratify BPD risk early after birth.
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De Luca D. Respiratory distress syndrome in preterm neonates in the era of precision medicine: A modern critical care-based approach. Pediatr Neonatol 2021; 62 Suppl 1:S3-S9. [PMID: 33358440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was recognized to be caused by primary surfactant deficiency almost 70 years ago and continuous positive airway pressure was introduced approximately 50 years ago. Since then, there have been many developments in neonatology; we know many things but others are still controversial. The more we know, the more questions arise. However, this review aims to indicate what is more needed to understand and how should be the modern approach to RDS in the era of precision medicine. The review is divided between new concepts and new tools. We will explain the interaction between steroids, CPAP and surfactant, as well as the surfactant catabolism and the diagnosis of NARDS; lung ultrasound and new tools to optimize CPAP will also be covered. How these concepts are integrated in the author's personal experience is also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Luca
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "Antoine Béclère" Hospital, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France; Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit-INSERM U999, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France.
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Szymański P, Kruczek P, Hożejowski R, Wais P. Modified lung ultrasound score predicts ventilation requirements in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:17. [PMID: 33407270 PMCID: PMC7785923 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We propose a modified lung ultrasound (LUS) score in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which includes posterior instead of lateral lung fields, and a 5-grade rating scale instead of a 4-grade rating scale. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of the rating scale and its correlation with blood oxygenation and to assess the ability of early post-birth scans to predict the mode of respiratory support on day of life 3 (DOL 3). As a secondary objective, the weight of posterior scans in the overall LUS score was assessed. Methods We analyzed 619 serial lung scans performed in 70 preterm infants < 32 weeks gestation and birth weight < 1500 g. Assessments were performed within 24 h of birth (LUS0) and on days 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28. LUS scores were correlated with oxygen saturation over fraction of inspired oxygen (S/F) and mode of respiratory support. Interrater agreement was determined with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha. Probabilities of the need for various respiratory support modes on DOL 3 were assessed with ordinal logistic regression. Least square (ls) means of the posterior and anterior pulmonary field scores were compared. Results The LUS score correlated significantly with S/F (Spearman rho = −0.635; p < 0.0001) and had excellent interrater agreement (ICC = 0.94, 95% CI 0.93–0.95; Cronbach’s alpha = 0.99). Significant predictors of ventilation requirements on DOL 3 were LUS0 (p < 0.016) and birth weight (BW) (p < 0.001). In the ROC analysis, LUS0 had high reliability in prognosing invasive ventilation on DOL 3 (AUC = 0.845 (95% DeLong CI: 0.738–0.951; p < 0.001)). Invasive ventilation was the most likely mode of respiratory support for LUS0 scores: ≥7 (in infants with BW 900 g), ≥ 10 (in infants with BW 1050 g) and ≥ 15 (in infants with BW 1280 g). Posterior fields exhibited significantly higher average scores than anterior fields. Respective ls means (confidence levels) were 4.0 (3.8–4.1) vs. 2.2 (2.0–2.4); p < 0.001. Conclusions Post-birth LUS predicts ventilation requirements on DOL 3. Scores of posterior pulmonary fields have a predominant weight in the overall LUS score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szymański
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.,Present address: Department of Neonatology, Ujastek Medical Center, ul. Ujastek 3, 31-752, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Kruczek
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland. .,Present address: Department of Neonatology, Ujastek Medical Center, ul. Ujastek 3, 31-752, Cracow, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Wais
- Department of Informatics, Carpathian State University in Krosno, Krosno, Poland
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Cornette L, Mulder A, Debeer A, Malfilâtre G, Rigo V, Cools F, Danhaive O. Surfactant use in late preterm infants: a survey among Belgian neonatologists. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:885-892. [PMID: 32970243 PMCID: PMC7511270 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Specific recommendations on surfactant administration in late preterm (LPT) infants with pulmonary disease are lacking. We performed an online-based, nationwide survey amongst all (n = 102) Belgian neonatologists to identify the use of surfactant in LPT infants suffering from several respiratory pathologies. The survey used clearly defined clinical cases and resulted in a 86% response rate. Neonatologists adhere to the 200 mg/kg initial surfactant dosing scheme. Surfactant is widely used in respiratory distress syndrome (70.1%), but there is less unanimity on its use in meconium aspiration syndrome (58.0%), transient tachypnoea of the newborn (30.6%), congenital pneumonia (27.2%) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (8.6%). Respondents adhere to the European guideline of a timely referral to a newborn intensive care unit (non-invasive ventilation and FiO2 > 0.30 at 12 h of age), in order to minimise the risk of deterioration.Conclusion: We demonstrate a wide variety in the use of surfactant within LPT infants. The majority of Belgian neonatologists therefore urge for an investment in multi-centre trials on surfactant administration in LPT infants, in order to create an evidence-based practice as well as to reduce the strain on health care budgets.Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov What is Known: • Any late preterm (LPT) infant with respiratory distress needs a timely referral to a neonatal intensive care unit in case of non-invasive ventilation and FiO2 > 0.30 at 12 h of life, in order to minimise the risk of acute deterioration as well as chronic lung disease. • Any modest increase in morbidity in the sizeable group of LPT infants exerts a significant strain on health care budgets. What is New: • We report the attitudes and opinions of Belgian neonatologists about the use of surfactant in LPT infants suffering from several respiratory diseases. • Our survey demonstrates a significant variability in practice between neonatologists during treatment of respiratory pathologies in LPT infants. This highlights an urgent need for univocal therapeutic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Cornette
- AZ St-Jan Brugge, Ruddershove 10, 8000 Bruges, Belgium
| | - A. Mulder
- UZ Antwerpen, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - A. Debeer
- UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. Malfilâtre
- CHU Tivoli, Avenue Max Buset 34, 7100 La Louvière, Belgium
| | - V. Rigo
- CHU de Liège, Boulevard du Douzième de Ligne 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F. Cools
- UZ Brussel, Avenue du Laerbeek 101, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - O. Danhaive
- UC Louvain, Place de l’Université 1, 1348 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium ,Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
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