Contribution of XPD and XPF Polymorphisms to Susceptibility of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in High-Altitude Areas

Genetic polymorphisms as potential pharmacogenetic biomarkers for platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer

Platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) is a widely used treatment for various solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its efficacy is often compromised by the emergence of drug resistance in patients. There is growing evidence that genetic variations may influence the susceptibility of NSCLC patients to develop resistance to PBC. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying platinum drug resistance and highlight the important role that genetic polymorphisms play in this process. This paper discussed the genetic variants that regulate DNA repair, cellular movement, drug transport, metabolic processing, and immune response, with a focus on their effects on response to PBC. The potential applications of these genetic polymorphisms as predictive indicators in clinical practice are explored, as are the challenges associated with their implementation.

Characterization of the nucleotide excision repair pathway and evaluation of compounds for overcoming the cisplatin resistance of non‑small cell lung cancer cell lines

Lung cancer has been reported to be the leading cause of cancer‑related mortality worldwide. Cisplatin combination chemotherapy is a standard therapeutic strategy for patients with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lacking driver mutations. However, the development of cisplatin resistance is a major obstacle to effective cancer treatment. The cellular mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance have been previously revealed to be multifunctional. Accordingly, mechanistic analysis and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for cisplatin‑resistant NSCLC are urgently required. The present study mainly focused on the DNA repair mechanisms in cisplatin‑resistant NSCLC cells. Additionally, the effects of an Ecteinascidin (Et) derivative on cisplatin‑resistant cell lines were examined, by using a cisplatin‑resistant NSCLC cell line subjected to nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway alterations. The results revealed that xeroderma pigmentosum group F‑complementing protein (XPF) mRNA expression was strongly associated with cisplatin resistance in cisplatin‑resistant NSCLC cell lines. XPF silencing significantly restored the sensitivity of cisplatin‑resistant PC‑14/CDDP cells to the drug. A potent anticancer effect of Et was observed in the cisplatin‑resistant cell line (PC‑14/CDDP), in which the NER pathway was altered. On the whole, these findings revealed that the expression levels of NER pathway‑related genes, including XPF, may have potential as biomarkers of cisplatin resistance. It was also suggested that Et may be a very promising compound for the development of novel anticancer drugs for the treatment of cisplatin‑resistant lung cancer.