1
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Safari M, Tavakoli R, Aghasadeghi M, Tabatabaee Bafroee AS, Fateh A, Rahimi P. Study on the correlation between DPP9 rs2109069 and IFNAR2 rs2236757 polymorphisms with COVID-19 mortality. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38660988 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2344179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the complex mechanisms of the immune system in dealing with the COVID-19 infection, which is probably related to the polymorphism in cytokine and chemokine genes, can explain the pro-inflammatory condition of patients. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the two pro-inflammatory genes dipeptidylpeptidase 9 (DPP9) and interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2 (IFNAR2) and the severity of COVID-19 was assessed. This study involved 954 COVID-19 patients, including 528 recovered and 426 deceased patients. To investigate the polymorphisms of IFNAR2 rs2236757 and DPP9 rs2109069, we used the polymerase chain reaction with the restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The results showed that IFNAR2 rs2236757 A allele is related to the reduced severity of the disease, whereas the incidence of DPP9 rs2109069 A allele was higher among the deceased than recovered individuals. On the other hand, in people carrying the G allele in the DPP9 gene polymorphism and the allele A in the IFNR2 gene polymorphism, the improvement of the disease was significantly higher. In conclusion, the results showed that IFNAR2 rs2236757 A allele is related to the decrease in the severity of the disease, while the frequency of DPP9 rs2109069 A allele was higher in deceased people than in recovered people. This shows the important role of genes related to inflammatory responses as well as the role of genetic variants of these genes in the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Safari
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Tavakoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Transmitted Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Aghasadeghi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Transmitted Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Viral Vaccine Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Rahimi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Transmitted Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Viral Vaccine Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Mohamed AA, Alrohaimi AH, Sayed Abdelgeliel A, Albogami S, Jafri I, Fayad E, Mohamed N, Nassar NA, Adaroas AS, Eldeeb HH, Abdel Halim A, Ramadan A, Elnagar RM, Abdelghafour RAM, Mohamed AY, Mahmoud MO, El-Kasses A, El-Sayed M, Mohammed MA, Alwaleed EA, Mousa S, Abdel Salam S, Abd el salam SM. The Impact of LEP rs7799039 Polymorphism and Obesity on the Severity of Coronavirus Disease-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:515-522. [PMID: 36852180 PMCID: PMC9961580 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s391869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS SARS-CoV-2 infection has been recorded in 230 countries to date. Obesity has a negative impact on one's quality of life and is one of the main causes of mortality globally. Obesity affects the immune system, making the host more susceptible to infectious infections. Also, obesity commonly provokes the severity of respiratory diseases so the correlation of LEP rs7799039 Polymorphism in corpulent patients with COVID-19 infection was clearly investigated in the current study. METHODS A total of 232 patients were recruited, 116 patients were obese with COVID-19 infection, and 116 patients were non obese COVID-19. Fasting blood glucose test (FBG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), complete blood count (CBC), international normalized ratio (INR), urea, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), D dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) were estimated. C.T. scan was performed for each patient, and C.T. severity score was calculated. Genotyping for the leptin rs7799039 SNPs was performed by TaqMan® (Applied Biosystems Step One TM Real-time PCR). RESULTS Regarding LEP polymorphism, all individuals of non-obese groups significantly had the homozygous allele GG (100%), whereas only 56% of obese groups had GG alleles (P = 0.001). The severity scores significantly (P = 0.001) varied regarding LEP polymorphism regarding Rs7799039, where the largest proportion of those with Grade IV had the homozygous allele AA (57.1%). CONCLUSION There was a correlation between the leptin gene allelic discrimination and COVID-19 CT brutality in obese patients. The A allele was considered a risk factor for severity in COVID-19 patients while the G allele contributes to decreasing that risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ahmed Mohamed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, National Hepatology & Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulmohsen H Alrohaimi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Jafri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouran Mohamed
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hala H Eldeeb
- Clinical Pathology Department, Elsahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel Halim
- Tropical Medicine Department, National Hepatology & Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ramadan
- Endemic Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Elnagar
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | | | - Maha O Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Kasses
- Radiology Department, Elsahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa El-Sayed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Ahmed Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Eman A Alwaleed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Shrook Mousa
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherief Abdel Salam
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Correspondence: Sherief Abdel Salam, Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt, Email
| | - Soha M Abd el salam
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
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3
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Jafarpoor A, Jazayeri SM, Bokharaei-Salim F, Ataei-Pirkooh A, Ghaziasadi A, Soltani S, Sadeghi A, Marvi SS, Poortahmasebi V, Khorrami SMS, Hasanzad M, Parsania N, Nagozir S, Mokhtari N, Parsania A, Bahrami A, Nadjarha MH, Pakzad R, Parsania M. VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with the increased susceptibility to COVID-19 among iranian population: A case-control study. Int J Immunogenet 2022; 49:243-253. [PMID: 35861117 PMCID: PMC9350092 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), but the pathogenesis is unclear. Host genetic background is one of the main factors influencing the patients' susceptibility to several viral infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between host genetic polymorphisms of two genes, including vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D binding protein (DBP), and susceptibility to COVID‐19 in a sample of the Iranian population. This case‐control study enrolled 188 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients as the case group and 218 suspected COVID‐19 patients with mild signs as the control group. The VDR (rs7975232, rs731236 and rs2228570) and DBP (rs7041) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction – Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method. A significant association between rs2228570 SNP in the VDR gene and the susceptibility of COVID‐19 was found between case and control groups. The CT genotype (Heterozygous) of rs2228570 C > T polymorphism showed significant association with a 3.088 fold increased odds of COVID‐19 (p < .0001; adjusted OR: 3.088; 95% CI: 1.902–5.012). In addition, a significant association between CC genotype of rs2228570 CT polymorphism and increased odds of COVID‐19 in male and female groups (p = .001; adjusted OR: 3.125; 95% CI: 1.630–5.991 and p = .002; adjusted OR: 3.071; 95% CI: 1.485–6.354 respectively) were determined. Our results revealed no significant differences in the frequency of genotype and allele of VDR (rs7975232 and rs731236) and DBP (rs7041) between SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected patients and controls (p > .05). Our results showed that polymorphism of VDR (rs2228570) probably could influence individual susceptibility to COVID‐19. The polymorphisms of VDR (rs7975232 and rs731236) and DBP (rs7041) were not associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jafarpoor
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Angila Ataei-Pirkooh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Ghaziasadi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Soltani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Sadeghi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mandana Hasanzad
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Parsania
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Nagozir
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Mokhtari
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Parsania
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Bahrami
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Pakzad
- Faculty of Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Masoud Parsania
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Rokni M, Sarhadi M, Heidari Nia M, Mohamed Khosroshahi L, Asghari S, Sargazi S, Mirinejad S, Saravani R. Single nucleotide polymorphisms located in TNFA, IL1RN, IL6R, and IL6 genes are associated with COVID-19 risk and severity in an Iranian population. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1109-1127. [PMID: 35521908 PMCID: PMC9347541 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play pivotal functions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis. However, little is known about the rationale and importance of genetic variations associated with immune system responses, so-called "immunogenetic profiling." We studied whether polymorphisms of IL6, IL6R, TNFA, and IL1RN affect the disorder severity and outcome in patients infected with COVID19. We recruited 317 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Bu-Ali hospital and 317 high-risk participants who had high exposure to COVID-19 patients but with a negative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Multiple regression analyses were applied. We indicated that participants carrying the A allele in TNFA-rs361525, G>A (p < .004), the C allele in IL1RN-rs419598 T>C (p < .004), the A allele in IL6R-rs2228145, A>C (p = .047) are more susceptible to develop COVID-19. In contrast, those who carry the G allele of IL6-rs2069827, G>T (p = .01), are more protected from COVID-19. Also, we compared the various genotypes regarding the disorder severity and poor prognosis; we found that the AA genotype in TNFA is related to more aggressive illness and bad prognostic in contrast to the other inflammatory cytokines' genotypes. In addition, a high level of inflammatory indications, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index, was observed in deceased patients compared with the survived subjects (p < .0001). We advised considering inflammatory cytokines polymorphisms as the main item to realize the therapeutic response against the acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rokni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Milad Heidari Nia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Somaye Asghari
- Department of Immunology, Buali Hospital of Laboratory, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Mirinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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5
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Ghaznavi H, Shirvaliloo M, Sargazi S, Mohammadghasemipour Z, Shams Z, Hesari Z, Shahraki O, Nazarlou Z, Sheervalilou R, Shirvalilou S. SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Viruses: Strategies to Cope with Co-infection and Bioinformatics Perspective. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1009-1020. [PMID: 35322909 PMCID: PMC9083817 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Almost a century after the devastating pandemic of the Spanish flu, humankind is facing the relatively comparable global outbreak of COVID‐19. COVID‐19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 with an unprecedented transmission pattern. In the face of the recent repercussions of COVID‐19, many have argued that the clinical experience with influenza through the last century may have tremendous implications in the containment of this newly emerged viral disease. During the last 2 years, from the emergence of COVID‐19, tremendous advances have been made in diagnosing and treating coinfections. Several approved vaccines are available now for the primary prevention of COVID‐19 and specific treatments exist to alleviate symptoms. The present review article aims to discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza A virus coinfection while delivering a bioinformatics‐based insight into this subject matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ghaznavi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadghasemipour
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zinat Shams
- Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hesari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Omolbanin Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ziba Nazarlou
- Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sakine Shirvalilou
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Thapa K, Verma N, Singh TG, Kaur Grewal A, Kanojia N, Rani L. COVID-19-Associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS): Mechanistic insights on therapeutic intervention and emerging trends. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108328. [PMID: 34768236 PMCID: PMC8563344 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused great distress worldwide. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is well familiar but when it happens as part of COVID-19 it has discrete features which are unmanageable. Numerous pharmacological treatments have been evaluated in clinical trials to control the clinical effects of CARDS, but there is no assurance of their effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of the literature of the Medline, Scopus, Bentham, PubMed, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was examined to understand the novel therapeutic approaches used in COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and their outcomes. KEY FINDINGS Current therapeutic options may not be enough to manage COVID-19-associated ARDS complications in group of patients and therefore, the current review has discussed the pathophysiological mechanism of COVID-19-associated ARDS, potential pharmacological treatment and the emerging molecular drug targets. SIGNIFICANCE The rationale of this review is to talk about the pathophysiology of CARDS, potential pharmacological treatment and the emerging molecular drug targets. Currently accessible treatment focuses on modulating immune responses, rendering antiviral effects, anti-thrombosis or anti-coagulant effects. It is expected that considerable number of studies conducting globally may help to discover effective therapies to decrease mortality and morbidity occurring due to CARDS. Attention should be also given on molecular drug targets that possibly will help to develop efficient cure for COVID-19-associated ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Thapa
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Nitin Verma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Neha Kanojia
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lata Rani
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
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7
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Mousavi SR, Sajjadi MS, Khosravian F, Feizbakhshan S, Salmanizadeh S, Esfahani ZT, Beni FA, Arab A, Kazemi M, Shahzamani K, Sami R, Hosseinzadeh M, Salehi M, Lotfi H. Dysregulation of RNA interference components in COVID-19 patients. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:401. [PMID: 34715923 PMCID: PMC8554738 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus causing severe respiratory illness (COVID-19). This virus was initially identified in Wuhan city, a populated area of the Hubei province in China, and still remains one of the major global health challenges. RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing that plays a crucial role in innate viral defense mechanisms by inhibiting the virus replication as well as expression of various viral proteins. Dicer, Drosha, Ago2, and DGCR8 are essential components of the RNAi system, which is supposed to be dysregulated in COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to assess the expression level of the mentioned mRNAs in COVID-19patients compared to healthy individuals. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that the expression of Dicer, Drosha, and Ago2 was statistically altered in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects. Ultimately, the RNA interference mechanism as a crucial antiviral defense system was suggested to be dysregulated in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Reza Mousavi
- Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 8175954319, Isfahan, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center of Genome, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Sajjadi
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farinaz Khosravian
- Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 8175954319, Isfahan, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center of Genome, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Feizbakhshan
- Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 8175954319, Isfahan, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center of Genome, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharareh Salmanizadeh
- Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 8175954319, Isfahan, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center of Genome, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Taherian Esfahani
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Faeze Ahmadi Beni
- Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 8175954319, Isfahan, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center of Genome, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Arab
- Noor Educational and Medical Center،Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kiana Shahzamani
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center (lGHRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Sami
- Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Hosseinzadeh
- Craniofacial and Cleft Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansoor Salehi
- Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 8175954319, Isfahan, Iran.
- Medical Genetics Research Center of Genome, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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