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Ge T, Sun P, Feng X, Gao X, Gao S, Wang T, Shi X. Clinical features and risk factors of bilateral granulomatous lobular mastitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37854. [PMID: 38669433 PMCID: PMC11049733 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is an idiopathic inflammatory breast disease that tends to recur on the same side. With the accumulation of clinical cases, it has been observed that GLM can also occur contralaterally. Currently, most studies on GLM focus on treatment methods and risk factors for ipsilateral recurrence, and there are few reports on bilateral GLM. The study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with bilateral GLM by reviewing their clinical data, and to discuss the risk factors affecting the occurrence of bilateral GLM. A retrospective study of the medical records database of patients with GLM admitted between May 2019 and August 2022 was performed. Patients were divided into bilateral GLM group (bilateral GLM group) and unilateral GLM patients (unilateral GLM group). Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment, and follow-up were collected and analyzed. In this study, by reviewing the clinical data of 59 cases of bilateral GLM, we found that the median time between the onset of bilateral GLM on both sides was 6.63 (0-18) months. Additionally, because of the simultaneous or interval onset on both sides, the duration of the disease was longer compared to unilateral cases. Regarding the history of external hospital treatment, it was found that about 57.63% of patients with bilateral GLM received 2 or more treatment modalities, with a higher involvement of herbal medicine. Meanwhile, by counting the clinical data of the 2 groups of patients with bilateral GLM and unilateral GLM, it was shown by univariate analysis that fertility, nipple development, absolute CD4 value, and CD4/CD8 ratio were associated with contralateral onset of GLM in both groups, with inverted nipple being an independent risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tangshun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Li H, Zhang G, Wang H, Chen H, Liu X, Zheng C, Lin L, Li L. Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: comparison with surgical excision. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:248. [PMID: 38637788 PMCID: PMC11025156 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) results in notable clinical symptoms and breast deformity. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical feasibility of microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of IGM through comparison with surgical excision. METHODS From June 2016 to December 2020, a total of 234 consecutive patients admitted to the hospital were retrospectively included in this study. IGM was pathologically confirmed via breast biopsy in all included patients. These patients were divided into the MWA group (n = 91) and surgical group (n = 143) based on the type of treatment. Patients in both groups received oral prednisone prior to intervention. The clinical remission rate, recurrence rate, operative pain, complications, and BREAST Q score were compared between the two groups. RESULTS There were 340 lesions in the MWA group, and 201 lesions in the surgical group were ultimately included. Significant differences in the complete remission rate (96.7% vs. 86.7%, p = 0.020), recurrence rate (3.3% vs. 13.3%, p = 0.020), operation time (48.7±14.6 min vs. 68.1±36.4 min, p < 0.001), postoperative pain (p < 0.001) and postoperative BREAST Q score (p < 0.001) were observed between the MWA and surgical groups. CONCLUSIONS Microwave ablation is feasible for the treatment of IGM, due to its high curative rate and low recurrence rate. Because of the minimal invasiveness of MWA and sufficient preservation of the gland and contour of the breast, patients are more satisfied with the appearance of the breast. Therefore, for patients with complex conditions requiring surgery, MWA is a good alternative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350000, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Hongling Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiamen Xinkaiyuan Hospital, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350000, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350000, China
| | - Lisheng Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Lihong Li
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350000, China.
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Fujian, 351100, China.
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Sarmadian R, Safi F, Sarmadian H, Shokrpour M, Almasi-Hashiani A. Treatment modalities for granulomatous mastitis, seeking the most appropriate treatment with the least recurrence rate: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:164. [PMID: 38475841 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare, benign, inflammatory breast disease with an unknown etiology that predominantly affects women of reproductive age. The definitive treatment of GM is currently controversial; an appropriate therapeutic strategy has yet to be identified, and the disease's high recurrence rate remains. This study aims to determine the recurrence rate for each GM treatment strategy to identify the most appropriate treatment modality. METHODS The search for relevant articles was undertaken using three international databases, including Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. Articles published in English until the end of 2021 evaluating the recurrence rate of GM were included. Using Stata 13.0, the pooled incidence and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the recurrence rate were determined. RESULTS Sixty-five eligible studies were included in our study. The recurrence rates of systemic steroid use, topical steroid use, antibiotic use, methotrexate use, observation, drainage, excision, antibiotic use and surgery, steroid use and surgery, antibiotic and steroid use, methotrexate and steroid use were 24% (95% CI: 21-27%), 11% (95% CI: 6-21%), 18% (95% CI: 14-22%), 13% (95% CI: 7-22%), 11% (95% CI: 7-17%), 65% (95% CI: 50-78%), 13% (95% CI: 10-16%), 23% (95% CI: 14-36%), 7% (95% CI: 5-11%), 11% (95% CI: 6-18%), and 4% (95% CI: 2-8%), respectively. Drainage had the highest recurrence rate, while combined methotrexate and steroid treatment had the lowest rate. CONCLUSION The optimal treatment strategy for GM depends on the disease's severity, consequences, and the patient's features. The study results indicate that combination therapy is preferable for minimizing the risk of relapse and reducing treatment complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roham Sarmadian
- Student Research Committee, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hossein Sarmadian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Maryam Shokrpour
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Amir Almasi-Hashiani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Basij Square, Arak, Iran.
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center (TCMRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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Wang X, He X, Liu J, Zhang H, Wan H, Luo J, Yang J. Immune pathogenesis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: from etiology toward therapeutic approaches. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1295759. [PMID: 38529282 PMCID: PMC10961981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1295759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a noncancerous, chronic inflammatory disorder of breast with unknown causes, posing significant challenges to the quality of life due to its high refractoriness and local aggressiveness. The typical symptoms of this disease involve skin redness, a firm and tender breast mass and mastalgia; others may include swelling, fistula, abscess (often without fever), nipple retraction, and peau d'orange appearance. IGM often mimics breast abscesses or malignancies, particularly inflammatory breast cancer, and is characterized by absent standardized treatment options, inconsistent patient response and unknown mechanism. Definite diagnosis of this disease relies on core needle biopsy and histopathological examination. The prevailing etiological theory suggests that IGM is an autoimmune disease, as some patients respond well to steroid treatment. Additionally, the presence of concurrent erythema nodosum or other autoimmune conditions supports the autoimmune nature of the disease. Based on current knowledge, this review aims to elucidate the autoimmune-favored features of IGM and explore its potential etiologies. Furthermore, we discuss the immune-mediated pathogenesis of IGM using existing research and propose immunotherapeutic strategies for managing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiujing He
- Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hangyu Wan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiqiao Yang
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Llancari PA, Ortiz A, Becerra J, Muñoz R, Valeriano C, Novoa RH. Treatment and Management Experience of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis in a Low-income Country. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRÍCIA 2023; 45:319-324. [PMID: 37494574 PMCID: PMC10371069 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reporting our experience of the management and treatment of Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) in a low-income country by describing patients characteristics and therapy with emphasis on conservative surgical excision and postoperative care as the cornerstone of treatment. METHODS A retrospective cohort of women with histopathological diagnosis of IGM from 2014 to 2018 at Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal in Lima, Peru. Patients' characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment, management, postoperative care, and follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients with histopathological diagnosis of IGM were identified. Their average age was 35.9 years and 23 (60.5%) reported previous use of hormonal contraceptives. Nine (23.7%) patients had chronic mastitis with previous treatment. The time from the onset of symptoms to the first clinic consult was 5.1 months on average. Twenty-one (55.3%) patients had the lesion in the right breast, with a mean size of 6.9 cm. Conservative surgical excision was performed in all patients. Additionally, 86.8% required corticosteroids and 78.9% were treated with antibiotics. Complete remission was obtained at 141 days on average (range 44 to 292 days). Six (15.8%) women reported ipsilateral recurrence and 5 (13.2%), contralateral. The latency time was 25.5 months on average. CONCLUSION The conservative surgical treatment demonstrated and close follow-up made for a high cure rate, but with recurrence similar to that reported in the literature. Use of gloves is an alternative to manage post operative wounds in a low-income country. The most frequent adverse effect was breast surgical scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Antonio Llancari
- Emergency Department, Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru
- School of Medicine "San Fernando." Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Antonio Ortiz
- Gynecology Oncology and Breast Unit, Department of Gynecology, Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan Becerra
- Emergency Department, Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru
| | - Ricardo Muñoz
- Gynecology Oncology and Breast Unit, Department of Gynecology, Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru
| | - Christiam Valeriano
- Gynecology Oncology and Breast Unit, Department of Gynecology, Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru
| | - Rommy Helena Novoa
- High-Risk Pregnancy Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru
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Zhou S, Sheng C, Hu P, Ni X, Xu X, Song Q, Jiang X, Zhao H, Chen X. A Preliminary Study of Ultrasound-Guided Microwave Ablation for Nonpuerperal Mastitis Treatment. Breast Care (Basel) 2023; 18:1-11. [PMID: 36876169 PMCID: PMC9982351 DOI: 10.1159/000527128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated the feasibility of ultrasound (US)-guided microwave ablation (MWA) as a treatment for nonpuerperal mastitis (NPM). Methods Fifty-three patients with NPM diagnosed by biopsy and treated with US-guided MWA at the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University between September 2020 and February 2022 were classified according to whether they underwent MWA alone (n = 29) or MWA with incision and drainage (n = 24). Patients were followed up by interviews, physical and US examinations, and evaluation of breast skin at 1 week and 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment. Data from these patients were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results The overall mean patient age was 34.42 ± 9.20 years. The groups differed significantly by age, involved quadrants, and the initial maximum diameter of lesions. In the MWA group, the cure rate was 34.48%, and the apparent efficiency rate was 65.52%. In the MWA with incision and drainage, the apparent efficiency rate was 91.66%, and the effective rate was 4.17%. The excellent rate for breast aesthetics in the MWA group was 79.31%, and the good rate was 20.69%. The excellent rate in the MWA with incision and drainage group was 45.83%, the good rate was 41.67%, and the qualified rate was 12.5%. The mean maximum diameter of lesions in the two groups decreased significantly. Conclusion For NPM with small lesions in a single quadrant, MWA therapy is a direct and effective method. For larger lesions involving two or more quadrants, the combined treatment of MWA with incision and drainage showed significant improvement in a short period. MWA treatment of NPM has importance for further research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengluan Zhou
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chenyi Sheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuejun Ni
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qian Song
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Combination of Methotrexate and Leflunomide Is Efficient and Safe for 60 Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6829358. [PMID: 36226244 PMCID: PMC9550494 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6829358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present work is aimed at exploring the clinical efficacy and safety of methotrexate (MTX) and leflunomide (LEF) combination therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. From June 2019 to June 2021, a total of 120 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis received a diagnosis. Sixty patients each were randomly assigned to the control and observation groups. The observation group received MTX and LEF combo medication while the control group only received MTX treatment. Clinical efficacy, complication incidence, and the alleviation of inflammatory markers, joint pain, and clinical symptoms were compared between the 2 groups. Posttreatment, the observation group had overall response rate of 96.66%, while the control group had 86.67%, with significant differences. Compared with pretreatment, both control and observation group patients showed decreasing trends of IL-1 levels and increasing trends of IL-10 levels posttreatment, with significant differences (
). Compared with the control group, patients in the observation group had lower IL-1 and TNF-α levels with significant differences (
) and higher levels of IL-10 with significant difference (
). In both groups, the pain score and the number of painful joints were much lower than they were prior to treatment. Following treatment, the observation group displayed significantly lower levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor, and C-reactive protein than the control group (
). Clinical measures in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group with statistically significant differences (
). Moreover, the incidence rate of adverse reactions showed no significant difference between these 2 groups (
). In conclusion, the combination therapy of MTX and LEF is efficacious for rheumatic arthritis.
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Tian C, Han X, Liu Z, Lv X, Ning P. Methotrexate and low‐dose corticosteroid: An effective alternate against corticosteroid‐resistant granulomatous lobular mastitis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:2956-2963. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.15396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xiaorong Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xinlin Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Ping Ning
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan China
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Tian C, Han X, Liu Z, Lv X, Ning P. Management of Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis and Risk Factors Associated with Recurrence. World J Surg 2022; 46:2706-2714. [PMID: 35963955 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-022-06687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GM), an inflammatory breast lesion with unknown etiology, is prone to recur. There is no global consensus on the optimal treatment at present. This study was conducted to show our step-by-step systemic procedure and discuss the recurrence risk factors of GM. METHODS The medical record database was retrospectively searched for patients with GM treated in our hospital between January 2015 and September 2021. Patients were divided into non-recurrence group (group A) and recurrence group (group B). Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment and follow-up were collected and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 885 GM patients were included in our study, all of whom received step-by-step systemic management. The mean age was 33.2 ± 5.2 years. There were 760 (85.9%) patients in group A and 125 (14.1%) in group B. Univariate analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in size of mass, pregnancy, hyperprolactinemia, bacterial cultures, erythema nodosum. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with purulent nipple discharge, skin lesion, bilateral disease and patients who need the combination of surgery and medication to achieve complete remission had higher risk of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS We built a step-by-step systemic procedure for GM, and the recurrence rate was 14.1%. Prolactin level and microbiological results are important for the management of GM. Purulent nipple discharge, skin lesion, bilateral disease and patients who need the combination of surgery and medication to achieve complete remission are associated with GM recurrence. Prolonged maintenance therapy may secure a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 1617 Riyue Ave, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610091, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaorong Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 1617 Riyue Ave, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610091, Sichuan, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 1617 Riyue Ave, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610091, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinlin Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 1617 Riyue Ave, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610091, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 1617 Riyue Ave, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610091, Sichuan, China.
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Ling J, Xie X, Wang Y, Huang W, Luo J, Su J, Fan H, Wu S, Liu L. Differential expression profiles of miRNA in granulomatous lobular mastitis and identification of possible biomarkers. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:500. [PMID: 35837043 PMCID: PMC9257833 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) remain largely elusive and the expression levels and regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in GLM have remained mostly undetermined. In the present study, the miRNAs that were differentially expressed in breast biopsy samples from patients with GLM and normal tissue adjacent to fibroadenoma were analyzed, a comprehensive differential expression profile of miRNAs was provided and potential biomarkers were screened out. The expression profile of miRNAs was determined by high-throughput sequencing in the tissues of patients with GLM and healthy controls. Significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by threshold setting and cluster analysis and their target genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. Finally, circulating differentially expressed miRNAs between the GLM and control groups were further analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). A total of 31,077 miRNAs were detected by high-throughput sequencing. By using the cutoff criteria of |log2 fold change|>2.5 and q<0.001, 13 miRNAs that were indicated to be GLM biomarkers were screened out. The expression levels of these 13 miRNAs in the GLM group were higher than those in the control group. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested that the occurrence and development of GLM may be associated with autoimmune inflammation, metabolism and pathogenic organisms. miR-451a and miR-5571-3p were confirmed to be significantly increased in the serum of patients with GLM compared with their levels in the serum of healthy volunteers, which suggests that they may be used as biomarkers of GLM. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first report detailing genome-wide miRNA profiling of patients with GLM compared with controls. The possible targets and pathways of GLM were evaluated by bioinformatics analysis. The present study identified 13 differentially expressed miRNAs with important theoretical significance and potential application. Furthermore, miR-451a and miR-5571-3p were verified by RT-qPCR as possible biomarkers of GLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ling
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 41000, P.R. China
| | - Xianmin Xie
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 41000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Galactophore, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 41000, P.R. China
| | - Weifang Huang
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 41000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 41000, P.R. China
| | - Jingqun Su
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 41000, P.R. China
| | - Hongqiao Fan
- Department of Galactophore, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 41000, P.R. China
| | - Shiting Wu
- Department of Galactophore, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 41000, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Department of Galactophore, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 41000, P.R. China
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