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Li H, Zhang G, Wang H, Chen H, Liu X, Zheng C, Lin L, Li L. Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: comparison with surgical excision. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:248. [PMID: 38637788 PMCID: PMC11025156 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) results in notable clinical symptoms and breast deformity. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical feasibility of microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of IGM through comparison with surgical excision. METHODS From June 2016 to December 2020, a total of 234 consecutive patients admitted to the hospital were retrospectively included in this study. IGM was pathologically confirmed via breast biopsy in all included patients. These patients were divided into the MWA group (n = 91) and surgical group (n = 143) based on the type of treatment. Patients in both groups received oral prednisone prior to intervention. The clinical remission rate, recurrence rate, operative pain, complications, and BREAST Q score were compared between the two groups. RESULTS There were 340 lesions in the MWA group, and 201 lesions in the surgical group were ultimately included. Significant differences in the complete remission rate (96.7% vs. 86.7%, p = 0.020), recurrence rate (3.3% vs. 13.3%, p = 0.020), operation time (48.7±14.6 min vs. 68.1±36.4 min, p < 0.001), postoperative pain (p < 0.001) and postoperative BREAST Q score (p < 0.001) were observed between the MWA and surgical groups. CONCLUSIONS Microwave ablation is feasible for the treatment of IGM, due to its high curative rate and low recurrence rate. Because of the minimal invasiveness of MWA and sufficient preservation of the gland and contour of the breast, patients are more satisfied with the appearance of the breast. Therefore, for patients with complex conditions requiring surgery, MWA is a good alternative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350000, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Hongling Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiamen Xinkaiyuan Hospital, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350000, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350000, China
| | - Lisheng Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Lihong Li
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350000, China.
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Fujian, 351100, China.
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Wan H, Zhang H, Yu S, Wang Y, Yang F, Luo J. Ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision for idiopathic granulomatous mastitis at the abscess stage. World J Surg 2024; 48:896-902. [PMID: 38479797 DOI: 10.1002/wjs.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare inflammatory disease of the breast with clinical features that are often confused with those of breast cancer leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and cosmetic results of drainage surgery using ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) for the treatment of IGM at the abscess stage. METHODS The time of recovery, cases of further surgical intervention, and cosmetic results were retrospectively collected and analyzed from patients who underwent drainage with VAE or conventional drainage between October 2017 and August 2021. RESULTS A total of 65 patients diagnosed with IGM at the abscess stage who underwent drainage surgery with VAE or conventional drainage surgery were enrolled. Overall, 38 (58.5%) underwent conventional drainage surgery and 27 (41.5%) underwent drainage with VAE. We found that patients who underwent VAE recovered much faster than those who underwent traditional drainage surgery (30.1 vs. 48.0 days). Nine (33.3%) patients in the VAE group required further surgical intervention after drainage, whereas 33 (86.8%) patients in the control group underwent another surgery to resect residual lesions. Additionally, patients in the VAE group were more satisfied with the breast appearance, mainly due to less influence of the scars and better symmetry of their breasts. CONCLUSION Compared with conventional drainage surgery, drainage surgery using VAE for IGM patients at the abscess stage improved therapeutic and cosmetic outcomes. Furthermore, postoperative management of IGM is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Wan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital (The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital (The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Shaolan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital (The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital (The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital (The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital (The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
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Li C, Wei X, Wang Y, Feng Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Cai Y, Liu M, Zhao F, Qu J, Zhang S, Shan C. Rotational gland dissection for refractory granulomatous mastitis: A single-center retrospective study. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:328-332. [PMID: 37684121 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.08.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refractory granulomatous mastitis (RGM) is a chronic benign breast disease that commonly occurred in women of childbearing age and is usually treated with surgery, with numerous cases suffering from unsatisfied postoperative recovery of breast shape, high rates of surgical complications, and even high recurrence. This study tries to evaluate the efficacy of an innovative surgical procedure, the rotational gland dissection for the treatment of RGM. METHODS 129 patients with RGM who underwent surgical treatment at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between Apr. 2017 and May. 2021 were retrospectively included in this study. The article analyzed the age, local symptoms, lesion location, and size, days in hospital, recurrence rate, and satisfaction rate of the patients. RESULTS Patients ranged in age from 19 to 58 years, with a median age of onset of 32 years. In 63 patients (48.84%), their lesions coverage exceeded two quadrants, and 52.71% of patients had lesions larger than 10 cm2. The average days in hospital of patients was 7.5 days, and 85.27% of them were satisfied with their post-surgery breast appearance. Within the median follow-up of 56 months, only 3.10% of patients experienced a recurrence of mastitis on the operation side. CONCLUSION This novel surgical procedure we created is an effective treatment for RGM with a high success rate, high patient satisfaction, and low recurrence rate, and is significantly superior to other studies for it has the largest sample size and longest follow-up in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xinyu Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zeyao Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yifan Cai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jingkun Qu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Changyou Shan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West Fifth Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Li Q, Wan J, Feng Z, Shi J, Wei W. Predictive Significance of the Preoperative Neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio for Recurrence in Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis Patients. Am Surg 2023; 89:5577-5583. [PMID: 36880848 DOI: 10.1177/00031348231161793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate and assess the correlation between inflammatory markers, such as the preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the recurrence of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM). METHODS All patients with IGM who were free of malignancy or inflammatory diseases were included in this retrospective analysis between January 2013 and December 2019. On the basis of the presence or absence of recurrence, the patients were split into two groups. After collecting retrospective data, the relationship between patient characteristics, hematological markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), NLR, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and white blood cell count (WBC), and their connection with postoperative recurrence were assessed utilizing univariate and multivariate analyses, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves), and logistic regression. RESULTS Recurrences occurred in 40.0% (32/80) of the 80 patients over a median follow-up duration of 35.5 months (22.0-47.8 months). The recurrent group showed higher NLR and CRP than the non-recurrent group (PNLR = .003, PCRP = .02). Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and postoperative recurrence were associated (correlation coefficient r = .436, P = .01). The ROC curve's ideal threshold, which had predictive value for IGM recurrence, was 2.18 (sensitivity: 46.9%; specificity: 14.6%). CONCLUSION The preoperative NLR is a simple and affordable way to predict IGM relapse, which is important for directing clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangyang Wan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyu Feng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Shen Q, Liu LL, Cen MY, Mao JJ. Efficacy of preoperative Shugan Sanjie decoction combined with mammotome-assisted minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34593. [PMID: 37657038 PMCID: PMC10476852 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) poses a significant challenge because of its ambiguous etiology. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with mammotome-assisted minimally invasive surgery (MAMIS) for the treatment of IGM. This retrospective cohort study included patients with IGM who underwent treatment at our hospital between January 2017 and June 2022. Patients treated with Shugan Sanjie decoction alone and preoperative Shugan Sanjie decoction combined with MAMIS were included in Groups A and B, respectively. We focused on the demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of the patients in the 2 groups. A total of 124 female patients with an average age of 33.9 ± 3.6 years were included in the study. The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in Groups A (n = 55) and B (n = 69) were similar (P > .05). However, there were significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of treatment duration, 1-year complete remission (CR), and recurrence. Group B showed shorter treatment time (11.7 ± 5.1 vs 15.3 ± 6.4 months, P = .001), higher 1-year CR (72.5% vs 45.5%, P = .002), and lower recurrence (7.2% vs 21.8%, P = .019) in comparison to Group A. Shugan Sanjie decoction promoted the shrinkage of breast lesions in patients with IGM. Combined with MAMIS, this treatment regimen shortened the treatment duration, accelerated the recovery process, and reduced the recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin-ling Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Yan Cen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan-Juan Mao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Ren Y, Zhang J, Zhang J, Guo R. Combining intralesional steroid injection with oral steroids in patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34055. [PMID: 37327292 PMCID: PMC10270520 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a chronic inflammatory breast disease. Currently, there is no international standard for steroid use in IGM, particularly for intralesional steroid injections. This study aimed to determine whether patients with IGM who received oral steroids could benefit from intralesional steroid injection. We analyzed 62 patients with IGM whose main clinical presentation was mastitis masses and who received preoperative steroid therapy. Group A (n = 34) received combined steroid treatment: oral steroids (starting dose, 0.25 mg/kg/d; tapered off) and intralesional steroid injection (20 mg per session). Group B (n = 28) received oral steroids only (starting dose, 0.5 mg/kg/d; tapered off). Both groups underwent lumpectomy at the end of steroid treatment. We analyzed the preoperative treatment time, preoperative mass maximum diameter reduction rate, side effects, postoperative satisfaction, and rate of IGM recurrence. The mean age of the 62 participants was 33.6 ± 2.3 (range, 26-46) years, and all had unilateral disease. We found that oral steroids combined with intralesional steroid injection yielded better therapeutic effects than did oral steroids alone. The median maximum diameter reduction of the breast mass was 52.06% in group A and 30.00% in group B (P = .002). Moreover, the use of intralesional steroids reduced the duration of oral steroid use; the median durations of preoperative steroid therapy were 4 and 7 weeks in groups A and B, respectively (P < .001). Group A patients were more satisfied (P = .035) with the postoperative results, including postoperative appearance and function. No statistically significant between-group differences were noted regarding side effects and recurrence rates. Preoperative administration of oral steroids combined with intralesional steroid injection yielded better therapeutic effects than did oral steroids alone and may be an effective future treatment for IGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jindan Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ruqi Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Changzhi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China
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Sarkar DK, Banerjee R, Gupta S, Singhal AK, Halder A. Management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a prospective study. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:218-224. [PMID: 35638904 PMCID: PMC9974337 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is an evolving problem with varied presentation. No definite treatment guidelines are available at present that may reduce rate of recurrence. Current evidence suggests a ductal pathology behind IGM, which leads to periductal mastitis, leakage and sinus/fistula formation. Thus, excision of the sinus/fistulous tract with en-bloc wide local excision (WLE) of the lesion could be curative. The objective of this study was to look for the basic aetiology of IGM and evaluate the effectiveness of WLE with total or partial duct excision as a curative approach. METHODS An institutional prospective comparative study was conducted over 4 years (2015-2019), in which 59 cases of IGM were randomly divided into three groups. After necessary investigations, patients in group A received steroid therapy, those in group B received WLE and patients in group C received WLE with total or partial duct excision as the mode of treatment. Postoperative follow-up was between 6 months and 3 years. RESULTS Histopathological examination (HPE) was found to be the most suitable diagnostic procedure. Patients in group B showed the highest rate of recurrence (73.6%), followed by group A (35.0%) and group C (5.0%). Patients in group C had a significantly lower chance of recurrence compared with both group A and group B (p < 0.05). HPE reports of excised ducts from patients in group C showed ductal disruption and leakage along with periductal granuloma in 70% of cases. CONCLUSIONS The presence of duct granuloma indicates the association of ductal pathology in IGM. IGM is therefore a disease of the mammary ducts and en-bloc duct excision is curative in non-responding cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- DK Sarkar
- IPGME&R & SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | - S Gupta
- Midnapore Medical College and Hospital, Midnapore, India
| | | | - A Halder
- IPGME&R & SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
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Abstract
RATIONALE Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare inflammatory disease and the presentation mimics infectious mastitis or breast cancer. The disease usually develops at the unilateral breast in women with breast-feeding history at their child-bearing age. Systemic steroids had been proposed as the first-line treatment, the combination of surgery was also recommended for complicated disease. However, recurrence might still happen in some rare cases. Few studies have addressed the management of such difficult situations. PATIENT CONCERNS We report the case of a 33-year-old androgynous and nulliparous woman who initially presented left breast erythematous swelling and was treated as infectious mastitis with debridement and antibiotics. DIAGNOSIS After wider excision for pathology, the diagnosis of GM was confirmed. INTERVENTIONS Steroids combined with methotrexate were prescribed. However, the symptoms only subsided temporarily and progressed to the contralateral side within 3 months. She finally underwent double-incision mastectomy and free nipple grafting. OUTCOMES The surgery was completed uneventfully, and she had a satisfactory result with no more recurrence at the 6-month follow-up. LESSON This GM case with the refractory treatment courses brought out the importance of surgical resection and was the first case report of treating GM with top surgery in the literature. Total mastectomy facilitated a highest complete remission rate of GM and may be advantageous for selected patients, especially in cases where steroids are intolerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Di Lu
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Yu
- Division of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Dun-Hao Chang
- Division of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Information Management, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * Correspondence: Dun-Hao Chang, Division of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No.21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., Banciao Dist., New Taipei City 220, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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Godazandeh G, Shojaee L, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Hessami A. Corticosteroids in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Today 2021; 51:1897-1905. [PMID: 33590327 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-021-02234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is an inflammatory disease of the breasts with an unknown etiology. Corticosteroids are one the primary options for treating this disease, but the results of previous studies concerning their efficacy have been controversial. We, therefore, decided to assess the effectiveness of corticosteroids on IGM using a systematic review and meta-analysis. We conducted a systematic search using MeSH terms and all relevant keywords in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science until May 21, 2019. Data were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) V.2 software program and presented as the event rate, risk ratio (RR) and risk difference (RD). Twelve studies including 559 IGM patients were entered into the meta-analysis. Our analysis showed that the RR and RD of recurrence in the steroid-only group compared with the surgery-only group were 2.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28-31.33) and 0.14 (95% CI - 0.01-0.30), respectively, showing no statistical significance. The meta-analysis of the steroid-only group and steroid + surgery group showed that the RR of recurrence was 6.13 (95% CI 0.41-81.62) with no significance. However, the meta-analysis of the RD showed that the risk of recurrence in the steroid group was significantly higher than that in the steroids + surgery group (RD: 0.28, 95% CI 0.11-0.44). This meta-analysis showed that managing IGM with only steroids may be less effective than the combination of steroids and surgery. This combination approach may result in a lower rate of recurrence and side effects in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamali Godazandeh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Leyla Shojaee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Disease Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Hessami
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Zuo X, Shi X, Gao X, Lai R, Liu P, Zhao Z. A retrospective study on 221 patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis treated by a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. Ann Ital Chir 2021; 92:135-141. [PMID: 34031280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of integrative Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of granulomatous lobular mastitis. METHODS In the present study, the clinical data of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment regimens, these patients were divided into two groups: observation group (n=92) and control group (n=129). Patients in the observation group were treated with traditional Chinese medicine in combination with the surgical treatment of Western medicine, while the patents in the control group received surgical treatment alone. The main observation indexes included clinical cure rate, mass size, prolactin level and aesthetic evaluation results of the breasts. RESULTS The results revealed that there was no significant correlation between the observation group and control group, in terms of age, prolactin level, and marriage and childbearing history (P>0.05). Furthermore, the recurrence rate was lower in the observation group, when compared to the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The aesthetic evaluation was higher in the observation group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, the difference in the transverse diameter and long diameter of the tumor and clinical cure rate was not statistically significant (P>0.05) between the observation group and control group. CONCLUSION Compared with the simple surgical treatment of Western medicine, the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the treatment of granulomatous lobular mastitis can significantly reduce the recurrence rate, and improve the symmetry and beauty of bilateral breasts, which is worthy of clinical application. KEY WORDS Granulomatous lobular mastitis, Integrated Chinese and western medicine treatment, Unclog lacteal, Prolactin, Aesthetic evaluation of milk preservation.
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Abstract
The etiology of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM), a rare inflammatory breast disease, is not understood. There is no consensus regarding the treatment of IGM. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of surgery combined with traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of IGM.We retrospectively analyzed 53 patients of IGM who were treated with surgical excision at our hospital. Group A (n = 25) included patients treated with only surgery, and Group B included patients treated with surgery combined with postoperative Yanghe decoction. The clinical data were compared between the 2 groups, including demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes.All patients were female with a mean age of 34.6 ± 5.9 years. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding preoperative demographics or clinical characteristics. The follow-up time was comparable between the groups (13.2 ± 10.0 vs 12.0 ± 10.2 months). Patients in Group B had shorter complete remission (CR) times than patients in Group A (76.1 ± 15.2 vs 84.0 ± 12.2 days; P < .05). The CR rate was higher in Group B than in Group A (96.4% vs 76.0%; P < .05), and the recurrence rate was lower in Group B than in Group A (0% vs 16.0%; P < .05).The postoperative Yanghe decoction regimen was associated with more rapid recovery after IGM surgery. Surgical management combined with postoperative oral Yanghe decoction treatment yielded a higher CR rate and lower recurrence rate than surgery alone. The effect of traditional Chinese medicine in IGM treatment requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Gurdon IT, Ligeti E, Réti G, Horzov M, Bognár G, Kovács T, Berki C, Jánó Z, Mohay J, Bene EK, Mohos P, Tornai G, Sándor G, Szenkovits P, Nagy TS, Orbán C, Herpai V, Mohos E. [The idopathic granulomatous mastitis. A rare entity in our departments practice]. Magy Seb 2019; 72:103-106. [PMID: 31544483 DOI: 10.1556/1046.72.2019.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Two cases of idiopathic granolomatous mastitis were diagnosed by histological examination in our Surgical Department in 2017. The idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare, benign inflammatory laesion of the breast which can mimic malignancy in it's clinical appearance. We would like to draw attention to this differential diagnostic problem based on the cases of our Surgery Department.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Tas Gurdon
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | - Erika Ligeti
- Patológia Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház Veszprém
| | - György Réti
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | - Myroslav Horzov
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | - Gábor Bognár
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | - Tamás Kovács
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | - Csaba Berki
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | - Zoltán Jánó
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | - József Mohay
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | | | - Petra Mohos
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | - Gábor Tornai
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | - Gábor Sándor
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | - Péter Szenkovits
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | - Tibor Sándor Nagy
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | - Csaba Orbán
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | - Vivien Herpai
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
| | - Elemér Mohos
- Sebészeti Osztály, Veszprém Megyei Csolnoky Ferenc Kórház 8200 Veszprém, Kórház u. 1
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Domenech-Ximenos B, Pérez E. Idiopathic lobular granulomatous mastitis: radiological management in two cases. Radiologia (Engl Ed) 2018; 60:359-360. [PMID: 29793678 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Domenech-Ximenos
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Josep Trueta, Girona, España.
| | - E Pérez
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Josep Trueta, Girona, España
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Abstract
BACKGROUND IGM (Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis) is a rare, chronic, non-malignant and non-life-threatening breast disease. Clinically and radiologically, it has similar characteristics with other granulomatous diseases and breast carcinomas. METHODS The patients whom diagnosed IGM according to pathology report were retrospectively evaluated between November 2014 and January 2016. The demographic properties, complaints during admission, diagnosis and treatment methods and clinical results were obtained via investigation of the patient files. The patients were called for follow-up and discussion. RESULTS The patients whom diagnosed IGM were retrospectively evaluated and total number of patients were 19. The average following period was 11 months (4-13 months). Fourteen patients were in the reproductive period, five patients were in the postmenopausal period. Ultrasound imaging was performed on all patients, mammography was done on 6 patients over 40 years of age. The patients were not imaged by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sixteen patients had IGM in a single breast, only three patient have an IGM history in bilateral breast, one or three years ago. Core biopsy was performed on all patients. One patient with bilateral IGM diagnosis performed a drainage and incisional biopsy due to a twice developing abscess clinic and recurrence. One patient had final diagnosis coexistence IGM and ductal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Patients who followed-up by observation should be explained that IGM is a chronic disease and that it may recur in certain periods. Clinical, radiological and pathological examinations should be performed together for breast cancer developing due to the chronical progresses of IGM or concurrent breast cancer.
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Ahmed YS, Abd El Maksoud W. Evaluation of therapeutic mammoplasty techniques in the surgical management of female patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis with mild to moderate inflammatory symptoms in terms of recurrence and patients' satisfaction. Breast Dis 2016; 36:37-45. [PMID: 27177342 DOI: 10.3233/bd-150198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) affects young females, its surgical management usually leads to disfigurement of the breasts. OBJECTIVES To assess the use of therapeutic mammoplasty techniques for management of IGM in terms of recurrence and postoperative patients' satisfaction. METHODS This prospective clinical study included thirteen patients who were diagnosed histologically as IGM. Patients with moderate to large breasts, who had a breast mass between 20-50% of the breast size with failed medical treatment or intolerability to steroids were subjected to therapeutic mammoplasty techniques. Only patients with large breasts were offered contra-lateral reduction mammoplasty to resume symmetry and achieve better aesthetic results. RESULTS Early postoperative bleeding that was encountered in one patient (7.7%) was the only serious postoperative complication. Patient was re-operated and the bleeder was secured. Recurrence occurred in 2 patients (15.4%) at 16 and 24 months after the operation. Kyungpook National University Hospital (KNUH) breast reconstruction satisfaction questionnaire used to assess patients' satisfaction 6 months after the operation and revealed that 10 patients (76.9%) were satisfied after the operation. CONCLUSION Using therapeutic mammoplasty techniques in surgical management of IGM in moderate to large breasts seems justifiable with good results regarding recurrence and postoperative patients' satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser S Ahmed
- Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Walid Abd El Maksoud
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
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Elzahaby IA, Khater A, Fathi A, Hany I, Abdelkhalek M, Gaballah K, Elalfy A, Hamdy O. Etiologic revelation and outcome of the surgical management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis; An Egyptian centre experience. Breast Dis 2016; 36:115-122. [PMID: 27612044 DOI: 10.3233/bd-160238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a chronic inflammatory condition that is confused with cancer. It usually affects women in child bearing age. The exact aetiology and pathogenesis are still unknown, and the optimal therapeutic modality has not yet been established. Treatment most frequently includes Antibiotics, corticosteroids and immunosuppressant, surgical excision, and even mastectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied a thirty cases diagnosed with IGM in our locality to find out the leading risk factors and the outcome of our surgical approach which involves excision of the lesion in continuity with duct system. Patients demographic data, history related to lactation and outcome were recorded. RESULTS All patients were parous women with history of previous breast feeding for all kids. Twenty-six patients (86.66%) had a history of early incomplete nursing care to the affected breast. After our surgical approach, Twenty eight (93.3%) patients showed fast recovery with no detectable recurrences in the median follow up period (18 months) with acceptable cosmoses. CONCLUSION History of breast feeding together with early failure of complete nursing from a single breast is the most important risk factors for development of IGM in young aged women. Surgery plays an important role in treating IGM, however, it should be directed towards excision of the present mass (s) together with the pathological and colonized duct system.
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Dobinson HC, Anderson TP, Chambers ST, Doogue MP, Seaward L, Werno AM. Antimicrobial Treatment Options for Granulomatous Mastitis Caused by Corynebacterium Species. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:2895-9. [PMID: 26135858 PMCID: PMC4540898 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00760-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium species are increasingly recognized as important pathogens in granulomatous mastitis. Currently, there are no published treatment protocols for Corynebacterium breast infections. This study describes antimicrobial treatment options in the context of other management strategies used for granulomatous mastitis. Corynebacterium spp. isolated from breast tissue and aspirate samples stored from 2002 to 2013 were identified and determined to the species level using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), 16S RNA sequencing, and rpoB gene targets. The MICs for 12 antimicrobials were performed using Etest for each isolate. Correlations of these with antimicrobial characteristics, choice of antimicrobial, and disease outcome were evaluated. Corynebacterium spp. from breast tissue and aspirate samples were confirmed in 17 isolates from 16 patients. Based on EUCAST breakpoints, Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii isolates (n = 11) were susceptible to seven antibiotic classes but resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum isolates (n = 4) were multidrug resistant. Two nonlipophilic species were isolated, Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum and Corynebacterium freneyi, both of which have various susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents. Short-course antimicrobial therapy was common (median, 6 courses per subject; range, 1 to 9 courses). Patients with C. kroppenstedtii presented with a hot painful breast mass and underwent multiple surgical procedures (median, 4 procedures; range, 2 to 6 procedures). The management of Corynebacterium breast infections requires a multidisciplinary approach and includes culture and appropriate sensitivity testing to guide antimicrobial therapy. Established infections have a poor outcome, possibly because adequate concentrations of some drugs will be difficult to achieve in lipophilic granulomata. Lipophilic antimicrobial therapy may offer a therapeutic advantage. The role of immunotherapy has not been defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel C Dobinson
- Microbiology Department, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Trevor P Anderson
- Microbiology Department, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephen T Chambers
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Matthew P Doogue
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lois Seaward
- Microbiology Department, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anja M Werno
- Microbiology Department, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, four decades since its first description still remains a disease of dilemma. Correct diagnosis with exclusion of various causes and appropriate treatment with surgery, antibiotics and steroids are the keys to overcome the persisting challenge that lies in management of this dilemmatic disease. MATERIAL We report 4 cases of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis that were treated in Kannur medical college hospital. CONCLUSION Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is uncommon benign breast disease that can be confused with two of the very common breast conditions, breast carcinoma and breast abscess. The management of IGM needs a holistic approach with the surgeon, pathologist and radiologist working in unison to unravel the difficulties that lie in treating this disease and bringing back the smile on patients face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh C Gudimani
- Department of General Surgery, Kannur Medical College Hospital, Kannur, India
| | - Kumar C Rohit
- Department of General Surgery, Kannur Medical College Hospital, Kannur, India
| | - V V Mithun
- Department of General Surgery, Kannur Medical College Hospital, Kannur, India
| | - Chaitra K N Gowda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kannur Medical College Hospital, Kannur, India
| | - A B Deepa
- Department of Bio-Chemistry, Kannur Medical College Hospital, Kannur, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, chronic benign breast disease which may mimic a breast abscess or malignancy. It is a diagnosis of exclusion, and requires a high index of suspicion. Most patients present in the third or fourth decade of life. CASE SERIES We present a case series of IGM with varied presentation, as a non-resolving abscess and as a lump, clinically appearing to be malignant. Patients required repeated drainage and/or lumpectomy. CONCLUSION Although IGM is considered to be autoimmune in aetiology, however other infectious aetiologies causing granulomatous mastitis and malignancy have to be ruled out by histopathology. In the event of relapse immunosuppression may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- C U Poovamma
- Oncoplastic Breast Unit, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer Center,NH Multispeciality Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - V Anthony Pais
- Oncoplastic Breast Unit, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer Center,NH Multispeciality Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilpy Chauhan Dolas
- Oncoplastic Breast Unit, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer Center,NH Multispeciality Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Prema
- Oncoplastic Breast Unit, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer Center,NH Multispeciality Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohan Khandelwal
- Oncoplastic Breast Unit, Mazumdar-Shaw Cancer Center,NH Multispeciality Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R Nisheena
- Department of Pathology, NH Multispeciality Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Cheng J, Ding HY, DU YT. [Granulomatous lobular mastitis associated with mammary duct ectasia: a clinicopathologic study of 32 cases with review of literature]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2013; 42:665-668. [PMID: 24433728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinicopathologic features of granulomatous lobular mastitis and mammary duct ectasia. METHODS The clinicopathologic data from August 2005 to May 2013 of 32 cases of granulomatous lobular mastitis and mammary duct ectasia were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS The age of patients ranged from 26 to 45 years. Two patients had no history of delivery. Fourteen patients had no history of lactation or lactational disorder in the lesional side. Most of the remaining patients had history of breast feeding. Gross examination showed that the lesions were poorly circumscribed and varied from 3 to 12 cm in greatest dimension. Tiny abscess cavities, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 cm in diameter and containing light yellowish to greyish secretion, were demonstrated. Histologic examination showed granuloma formation and ductal dilatation. Eleven patients had received antibiotic treatment. Twelve cases were complicated by sinus formation related to skin incision and drainage. The duration of follow-up ranged from 5 to 90 months. Three cases showed ipsilateral recurrence and 3 cases had similar pathology in the contralateral breast. Four patients defaulted follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Granulomatous lobular mastitis is associated with mammary duct ectasia. Accurate pathologic diagnosis is prudent for clinical management and control of local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China. E-mail:
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the history of relapses in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) and to define an appropriate therapeutic strategy. The duration and number of relapses are unpredictable, and the roles of surgery and corticosteroids remain controversial. STUDY DESIGN A series of 14 patients with IGM and a mean follow-up of 61.5 ± 73 (SD) months were retrospectively studied in the Gynecology Unit (Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris, France). Main outcome measure was number of relapses per year before and following corticosteroid therapy. Comparison of the two groups was performed with matched t-test. RESULTS A total of 125 episodes were analyzed. Before steroid treatment, 60 recurrences occurred, corresponding to a mean of 4.03 ± 4.22 (SD) relapses per year. After the first treatment with prednisone, patients experienced 47 relapses, representing a mean of 1.11 ± 1.27 (SD) relapses per year (p = 0.0371). CONCLUSIONS Medical treatment with steroid reduces the duration and number of episodes. It also prevents the need for invasive breast surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Hugon-Rodin
- Unité de Gynécologie endocrinienne, Université Paris Descartes, APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, 1 place du Parvis Notre-Dame, Paris Cedex 4, France
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Ozel L, Unal A, Unal E, Kara M, Erdoğdu E, Krand O, Güneş P, Karagül H, Demiral S, Titiz MI. Granulomatous mastitis: is it an autoimmune disease? Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Surg Today 2011; 42:729-33. [PMID: 22068681 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-011-0046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare benign inflammatory breast disease. The clinical presentation of granulomatous mastitis usually mimics malignancy or infection. The aim of this study was to review the clinical and diagnostic features of GM and discuss the medical and surgical treatment of our series of eight GM patients. METHODS Between 2008 and 2010, eight patients were diagnosed with GM and underwent surgery. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically. The diagnosis of GM was confirmed in all cases by core needle or excisional biopsies. Serological tests were performed for rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibody (ANA), and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA). RESULTS The mean patient age was 37 years. Common presenting symptoms were a hard mass, pain, inflamed hyperemic skin, and sinus formation. Serological tests for RF were positive in 6 patients, and ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected in 2 patients. All patients underwent antibiotic therapy before surgery, and were treated with wide surgical excision with negative margins. Methylprednisolone (16 mg/day for 3 months) therapy was used in 3 patients (all RF and 2 ANA/anti-dsDNA positive) following a wide excisional biopsy after a postoperative recurrence mimicking skin lesions was seen. These patients responded well to steroid therapy. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of GM should be made carefully to avoid a misdiagnosis. Steroid therapy should be considered based on the idea that this is an autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Ozel
- Department of 1st General Surgery and Transplantation, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Peña-Santos G, Ruiz-Moreno JL. [Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis treated with steroids and methotrexate]. Ginecol Obstet Mex 2011; 79:373-376. [PMID: 21966829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare inflammatory breast disease of unknown etiology. It manifests as breast mass of 6 cm on average (range 2-10 cm), often in upper outer quadrant of left breast, in another quadrant, right or bilateral breast. Clinical diagnosis by ultrasound or mammography and fine needle aspiration confuses with carcinoma; histopathology (gold standard) confirm the diagnosis after ruling out causes of granulomatous inflammation, mainly tuberculosis. Steroid treatment achieve complete remission, but adverse reactions and relapses after the descent and suspension. Methotrexate or azathioprine is added from the start to maintain remission. We report three cases of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis diagnosis and treatment based on prednisone until clinical improvement and methotrexate as maintenance therapy. Complete remission was obtained in three patients. The rheumatologist knows and handles autoimmune/inflammatory with these drugs, therefore, is suggested the multidisciplinary treatment of this disease with oncologists and gynecologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Peña-Santos
- Hospital General de zona con Medicina Familiar 1, Delegación Chiapas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.
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Cheng J, Du YT, Ding HY. [Granulomatous lobular mastitis: a clinicopathologic study of 68 cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2010; 39:678-680. [PMID: 21176534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical and pathologic features of granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM). METHODS Sixty-eight cases of GLM were retrieved from the archival file. The clinical data and histologic features were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Sixty-eight patients presented with breast mass. Ulceration in overlying breast skin was seen in 9 cases. Most of the patients had history of breast feeding. None of them had evidence of specific infections involving the breast. The clinical and radiologic features mimicked malignancy. Histologically, GLM was characterized by the presence of non-necrotizing granulomas, usually admixed with neutrophils and associated with benign ductolobular units. The ductolobular architecture was still preserved. The duration of follow up ranged from 6 to 36 months. Four patients suffered from disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS GLM shows clinical and radiologic features reminiscent of breast cancer. Correct diagnosis requires histologic examination of the biopsy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
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Erozgen F, Ersoy YE, Akaydin M, Memmi N, Celik AS, Celebi F, Guzey D, Kaplan R. Corticosteroid treatment and timing of surgery in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis confusing with breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 123:447-52. [PMID: 20625813 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory lesion of the breast with an uncertain optimal treatment regimen, the physical examination, and radiologic features of which may be confused with breast carcinoma. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinicopathologic characteristics of 33 patients who admitted to our breast policlinic and took the diagnosis of granulomatous (idiopathic and non-idiopathic) mastitis, and report the place of corticosteroids and the timing of surgery in the treatment of patients with IGM. The clinical features of 33 patients who presented to our breast policlinic with the complaint of breast mass and reached the final diagnosis of GM between March 2005 and October 2009 were reported. The most common symptoms were mass (n: 27) and pain (n: 11). Ultrasonography (USG) and biopsy were performed in all of the patients. Mammography (MMG) was performed in 9, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 10 patients. The diagnosis of idiopathic lobular granulomatous mastitis (ILGM) was made in 25 patients and tuberculous mastitis (non-idiopathic GM) in the remaining 8 patients. Twenty-four patients received steroid treatment except one who was pregnant. After giving birth, she also received steroids. One of the patients who developed recurrence after 11 months repeated the steroid therapy. Eight patients with tuberculous mastitis were placed on a regimen of antituberculosis therapy for 6 months. In the diagnosis of IGM, physical examination, USG, MMG, and even MRI alone may sometimes not be enough. They should be discussed altogether and the treatment should begin after definitive histopathologic result. Fine needle aspiration biopsy for cytology will result in a high level of diagnostic accuracy, however, core biopsy will reinforce the exact result. Corticosteroid therapy has been shown to be efficacious for IGM, but in the existence of complications such as abscess formation, fistulae, and persistent wound infection, surgical treatment has been the first method of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazilet Erozgen
- II. General Surgery Department, Vakif Gureba Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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