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Bräuninger H, Krüger S, Bacmeister L, Nyström A, Eyerich K, Westermann D, Lindner D. Matrix metalloproteinases in coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:18. [PMID: 37160529 PMCID: PMC10169894 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Most cardiovascular deaths are caused by ischaemic heart diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI). Hereby atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries often precedes disease manifestation. Since tissue remodelling plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis as well as in outcome after MI, regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as the major ECM-degrading enzymes with diverse other functions is crucial. Here, we provide an overview of the expression profiles of MMPs in coronary artery and left ventricular tissue using publicly available data from whole tissue to single-cell resolution. To approach an association between MMP expression and the development and outcome of CVDs, we further review studies investigating polymorphisms in MMP genes since polymorphisms are known to have an impact on gene expression. This review therefore aims to shed light on the role of MMPs in atherosclerosis and MI by summarizing current knowledge from publically available datasets, human studies, and analyses of polymorphisms up to preclinical and clinical trials of pharmacological MMP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Bräuninger
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Side Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Krüger
- Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucas Bacmeister
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Diana Lindner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Side Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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Expression of Nik-related kinase in smooth muscle cells attenuates vascular inflammation and intimal hyperplasia. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7511-7533. [PMID: 32330120 PMCID: PMC7202544 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation of the vascular microenvironment modulates distinct types of vascular cells, and plays important roles in promoting atherosclerosis, stenosis/restenosis, and vascular-related diseases. Nik-related kinase (Nrk), a member of the Ste20-type kinase family, has been reported to be selectively expressed in embryonic skeletal muscle. However, whether Nrk is expressed in adult vascular smooth muscle, and if it influences intimal hyperplasia is unclear. Here, we found that Nrk is abundantly expressed in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and mouse arterial intima. Treatment of mouse VSMCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or platelet-derived growth factor significantly reduced Nrk expression. In addition, expression of Nrk was significantly reduced in regions of neointimal formation caused by guide-wire carotid artery injuries in mice, as well as in human atherosclerotic tissues, when compared to normal vessels. We identified that expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP3, MMP8 and MMP12) and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (CCL6, CCL8, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5 and CXCL9) are synergistically induced by Nrk siRNA in LPS-treated mouse VSMCs. Moreover, we found that resveratrol significantly impaired LPS- and Nrk siRNA-induced expression of MMP3, CCL8, CCL11, CXCL3 and CXCL5. These results suggested that Nrk may play important roles in regulating pathological progression of atherosclerosis or neointimal- hyperplasia-related vascular diseases.
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Dragovic JT, Popovic J, Djuric P, Bulatovic A, Jankovic A, Buzadzic I, Dimkovic N. The 5A Allele of the MMP3-Gene Promoter Polymorphism Is a Risk Factor for Poor Outcome of Hemodialysis Patients. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2018; 242:273-279. [PMID: 28781337 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.242.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular morbidity is the leading cause of death in dialysis patients and many risk factors have been involved in its pathogenesis. Genetic susceptibility may be of importance including polymorphism for matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), which is an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of collagen, proteoglycans, fibronectin, laminine and elastin. The MMP3 gene promoter contains an insertion/deletion polymorphism characterised by an array of 5 or 6 adenosine residues (5A/6A) at -1612 position. Literature data show that the 5A or 6A allele of the MMP3 gene shows different risk for cardiovascular and overall outcome in general population. The aim was to analyze the -1612 5A/6A promoter polymorphism in a group of hemodialysis patients and to correlate the findings with cardiovascular morbidity and 7-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This study included 196 patients on hemodialysis for longer than six months at University Medical Center Zvezdara. The leading causes of end stage renal disease were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Venous blood was collected on midweek dialysis session and genotype analysis was performed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Among the 198 hemodialysis patients, there were 142 (72%) 5A/6A heterozygotes, 12 (6%) 5A/5A homozygotes, and 44 (22%) 6A/6A homozygotes. These data are consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. After 7-year follow-up, the 5A homozygotes showed the lowest all-cause and cardiovascular survival, while the 6A homozygotes showed the highest cardiovascular survival. The 5A allele of the MMP3-gene promoter polymorphism is a potential risk factor in the poor outcome of hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jovan Popovic
- Clinical Department for Renal Diseases, Zvezdara University Medical Center
| | - Petar Djuric
- Clinical Department for Renal Diseases, Zvezdara University Medical Center
| | - Ana Bulatovic
- Clinical Department for Renal Diseases, Zvezdara University Medical Center
| | | | - Ivana Buzadzic
- Departmant of Human Genetics and Prenatal Diagnostics, Zvezdara University Medical Center
| | - Nada Dimkovic
- Clinical Department for Renal Diseases, Zvezdara University Medical Center.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade
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Genetics of Atherosclerosis. Coron Artery Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811908-2.00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Spinale FG, Sapp AA. Cardiovascular Risk and Matrix Metalloproteinase Polymorphisms: Not Just a Simple Substitution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:e001958. [PMID: 29212903 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.117.001958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis G Spinale
- From the Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia (F.G.S., A.A.S.).
| | - Ashley A Sapp
- From the Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia (F.G.S., A.A.S.)
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6
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Metalloproteinases in atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:93-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pawlik A, Plucinska M, Kopec M, Głabowski D, Czerewaty M, Safranow K. MMP1 and MMP3 gene polymorphisms in patients with acute coronary syndromes. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:850-855. [PMID: 29044936 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the group of proteolytic enzymes that break down the components of the connective tissue matrix leading to unstable atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of this study was to examine the association between MMP1-1607dupG (rs1799750) and MMP3-1171dupA (rs3025058) gene polymorphisms and acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in the form of unstable angina. This study included 197 patients with ACS in the form of unstable angina confirmed by coronary angiography (defined by >70% stenosis in at least one major coronary artery) and 144 healthy controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of the MMP1-1607dupG (rs1799750) polymorphism between patients with unstable angina and the control group. With regard to the MMP3-1171dupA (rs3025058) polymorphism, a significant increase in the frequency of the 6A/6A genotype among patients with unstable angina was detected. This association was confirmed in multivariate logistic regression analysis, where male sex and rs3025058 6A/6A genotype were significantly associated with an increased risk of ACS. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(11):850-855, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Mikołaj Kopec
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Daniel Głabowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Czerewaty
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Wang X, Khalil RA. Matrix Metalloproteinases, Vascular Remodeling, and Vascular Disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2017; 81:241-330. [PMID: 29310800 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade various proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Typically, MMPs have a propeptide sequence, a catalytic metalloproteinase domain with catalytic zinc, a hinge region or linker peptide, and a hemopexin domain. MMPs are commonly classified on the basis of their substrates and the organization of their structural domains into collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane-type (MT)-MMPs, and other MMPs. MMPs are secreted by many cells including fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle (VSM), and leukocytes. MMPs are regulated at the level of mRNA expression and by activation through removal of the propeptide domain from their latent zymogen form. MMPs are often secreted in an inactive proMMP form, which is cleaved to the active form by various proteinases including other MMPs. MMPs degrade various protein substrates in ECM including collagen and elastin. MMPs could also influence endothelial cell function as well as VSM cell migration, proliferation, Ca2+ signaling, and contraction. MMPs play a role in vascular tissue remodeling during various biological processes such as angiogenesis, embryogenesis, morphogenesis, and wound repair. Alterations in specific MMPs could influence arterial remodeling and lead to various pathological disorders such as hypertension, preeclampsia, atherosclerosis, aneurysm formation, as well as excessive venous dilation and lower extremity venous disease. MMPs are often regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and the MMP/TIMP ratio often determines the extent of ECM protein degradation and tissue remodeling. MMPs may serve as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for certain vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors as Investigational and Therapeutic Tools in Unrestrained Tissue Remodeling and Pathological Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:355-420. [PMID: 28662828 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes that degrade various proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs may also regulate the activity of membrane receptors and postreceptor signaling mechanisms and thereby affect cell function. The MMP family includes collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane-type MMPs, and other MMPs. Inactive proMMPs are cleaved by other MMPs or proteases into active MMPs, which interact with various protein substrates in ECM and cell surface. MMPs regulate important biological processes such as vascular remodeling and angiogenesis and may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and aneurysm. The role of MMPs is often assessed by measuring their mRNA expression, protein levels, and proteolytic activity using gel zymography. MMP inhibitors are also used to assess the role of MMPs in different biological processes and pathological conditions. MMP activity is regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and the MMP/TIMP balance could determine the net MMP activity, ECM turnover, and tissue remodeling. Also, several synthetic MMP inhibitors have been developed. Synthetic MMP inhibitors include a large number of zinc-binding globulins (ZBGs), in addition to non-ZBGs and mechanism-based inhibitors. MMP inhibitors have been proposed as potential tools in the management of osteoarthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. However, most MMP inhibitors have broad-spectrum actions on multiple MMPs and could cause undesirable musculoskeletal side effects. Currently, doxycycline is the only MMP inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration. New generation biological and synthetic MMP inhibitors may show greater MMP specificity and fewer side effects and could be useful in targeting specific MMPs, reducing unrestrained tissue remodeling, and the management of MMP-related pathological disorders.
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Matrix Metalloproteinases in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 147:75-100. [PMID: 28413032 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, accounting for 600,000 deaths each year in the United States. In addition, heart failure accounts for 37% of health care spending. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) increase after myocardial infarction (MI) and correlate with left ventricular dysfunction in heart failure patients. MMPs regulate the remodeling process by facilitating extracellular matrix turnover and inflammatory signaling. Due to the critical role MMPs play during cardiac remodeling, there is a need to better understand the pathophysiological mechanism of MMPs, including the biological function of the downstream products of MMP proteolysis. Future studies developing new therapeutic targets that inhibit specific MMP actions to limit the development of heart failure post-MI are warranted. This chapter focuses on the role of MMPs post-MI, the efficiency of MMPs as biomarkers for MI or heart failure, and the future of MMPs and their cleavage products as targets for prevention of post-MI heart failure.
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Rather RA, Dhawan V. Genetic markers: Potential candidates for cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:914-23. [PMID: 27416153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effective prevention of cardiovascular disease depends upon the ability to recognize the high-risk individuals at an early stage of the disease or long before the development of adverse events. Evolving technologies in the fields of proteomics, metabolomics, and genomics have played a significant role in the discovery of cardiovascular biomarkers, but so far these methods have achieved the modest success. Hence, there is a crucial need for more reliable, suitable, and lasting diagnostic and therapeutic markers to screen the disease well in time to start the clinical aid to the patients. Gene polymorphisms associated with the cardiovascular disease play a decisive role in the disease onset. Therefore, the genetic marker evaluation to classify high-risk patients from low-risk patients trends an effective approach to patient management and care. Currently, there are no genetic markers available for extensive adoption as risk factors for coronary vascular disease, yet, there are numerous promising, biologically acceptable candidates. Many of these gene biomarkers, alone or in combination, can play an essential role in the prediction of cardiovascular risk. The present review highlights some putative emerging genetic biomarkers that could facilitate more authentic and fast diagnosis of CVD. This review also briefly describes few technological approaches employed in the biomarker search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz Ahmad Rather
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Veena Dhawan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Usefulness of Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Levels to Predict Myocardial Infarction in Men With and Without Acute Coronary Syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2016; 117:881-6. [PMID: 26805660 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), or stromelysin-1, is a matrix metalloproteinase which is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Functional polymorphisms in the promoter region of the human MMP-3 gene resulting in an increased expression of MMP-3 have been shown to predict the risk of incident myocardial infarction (MI). However, there have been no studies that have specifically examined the utility of baseline plasma MMP-3 levels for the prediction of long-term MI. In this study, baseline plasma MMP-3 levels were measured in 355 male patients who were referred for coronary angiography and followed prospectively for the development of enzymatically confirmed MI out to 5 years. After adjustment for a variety of baseline clinical, angiographic, and laboratory parameters, plasma MMP-3 levels were an independent predictor of MI at 5 years (hazards ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.79; p = 0.0023). Furthermore, in 5 additional multivariate models that included a variety of contemporary biomarkers associated with adverse outcomes and MI, MMP-3 remained an independent predictor of MI at 5 years. Similar results were obtained when the analyses were restricted to the subpopulation of patients presenting with ACS. In conclusion, elevated levels of MMP-3 are associated with an increased risk of long-term MI in patients with and without ACS referred for coronary angiography. Furthermore, this association is independent of a variety of clinical, angiographic, laboratory variables, including biomarkers with established prognostic efficacy for the prediction of MI.
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Borghaei RC, Gorski G, Seutter S, Chun J, Khaselov N, Scianni S. Zinc-binding protein-89 (ZBP-89) cooperates with NF-κB to regulate expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in response to inflammatory cytokines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:503-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Collazos J, Asensi V, Martin G, Montes AH, Suárez-Zarracina T, Valle-Garay E. The effect of gender and genetic polymorphisms on matrix metalloprotease (MMP) and tissue inhibitor (TIMP) plasma levels in different infectious and non-infectious conditions. Clin Exp Immunol 2015. [PMID: 26206176 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are increased in different infections due to their role in controlling immune responses and are regulated by tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). Different MMP promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) induce changes in MMP genes, mRNA and protein expression. Gender might also modify MMP plasma levels. In order to determine the weight of these variables on MMP secretion we studied MMP-1, -2, -3, -8, -9, -10, -13 and TIMP-1, -2, -4 plasma levels in 90 patients with severe bacterial sepsis, 102 with anti-retroviral (ARV)-treated HIV monoinfection, 111 with ARV-treated HIV-hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection and 86 non-infected controls (45 stroke and 41 trauma patients). MMP-1(-1607 1G/2G), MMP-3(-1612 5A/6A), MMP-8(-799C/T), MMP-9(-1562 C/T) and MMP-13(-77A/G) SNPs were genotyped. MMP-3 plasma levels were significantly higher in men than in women in each diagnostic group, and MMP-3 SNP allele 6A carriers also had higher levels than allele 5A carriers, an effect that was magnified by sepsis. Independent predictors of higher MMP-3 levels were male gender (P = 0.0001), MMP-3(-1612 5A/6A) SNP (P = 0.001), higher levels of TIMP-4 (P = 0.004) and MMP-8 (P = 0.006) and lower levels of MMP-1 (P = 0.03) by multivariate analysis. No strong associations with gender or SNPs were observed for other MMPs or TIMPs. In conclusion, male gender and MMP-3(-1612 5A/6A) 6A allele carriage increased MMP-3 plasma levels significantly, especially in patients with severe bacterial sepsis. This confounding gender effect needs to be addressed when evaluating MMP-3 plasma levels in any infectious or non-infectious condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Collazos
- Infectious Diseases, Hospital De Galdacano, Vizcaya
| | - V Asensi
- Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo University School of Medicine, Oviedo, Spain
| | - G Martin
- Critical Care, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo University School of Medicine, Oviedo, Spain
| | - A H Montes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo University School of Medicine, Oviedo, Spain
| | - T Suárez-Zarracina
- Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo University School of Medicine, Oviedo, Spain
| | - E Valle-Garay
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo University School of Medicine, Oviedo, Spain
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Takawale A, Sakamuri SS, Kassiri Z. Extracellular Matrix Communication and Turnover in Cardiac Physiology and Pathology. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:687-719. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ma J, You C. Association between matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene polymorphism and moyamoya disease. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:479-82. [PMID: 25564266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang FX, Sun DP, Guan N, Chen JJ, Huo XC, Luo JS. Association between -1562C>T polymorphism in the promoter region of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:98-105. [PMID: 24506511 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study was undertaken to determine the association between -1562C>T polymorphism in the promoter region of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. METHODS This meta-analysis was on the basis of 26 studies that included 12,776 cases and 6371 controls, heterogeneity of which was assessed by the Q-statistic test and the I(2)-statistic test. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by sequentially omitting any single study and recalculating the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Funnel plots and Egger's test were performed to test the potential publication bias. All data were analyzed by using STATA version 12.0. RESULTS We found that -1562C>T polymorphism did not contribute to the risk of CAD in the overall results. But the stratified analysis by ethnicity indicated that -1562C>T polymorphism might decrease susceptibility to CAD in Asians (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88-1.00; ph=0.956 for CC vs. CT+TT). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis supports the fact that -1562C>T polymorphism may have association with CAD risk in Asian populations. But further larger studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Liaoning Medical University , Jinzhou, China
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Agrawal S, Mastana S. Genetics of coronary heart disease with reference to ApoAI-CIII-AIV gene region. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:755-763. [PMID: 25228954 PMCID: PMC4163704 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i8.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are affected by multiple factors like genetic as well as environmental hence they reveal factorial nature. The evidences that genetic factors are susceptible for developing cardiovascular diseases come from twin studies and familial aggregation. Different ethnic populations reveal differences in the prevalence coronary artery disease (CAD) pointing towards the genetic susceptibility. With progression in molecular techniques different developments have been made to comprehend the disease physiology. Molecular markers have also assisted to recognize genes that may provide evidences to evaluate the role of genetic factors in causation of susceptibility towards CAD. Numerous studies suggest the contribution of specific “candidate genes”, which correlate with various roles/pathways that are involved in the coronary heart disease. Different studies have revealed that there are large numbers of genes which are involved towards the predisposition of CAD. However, these reports are not consistent. One of the reasons could be weak contribution of genetic susceptibility of these genes. Genome wide associations show different chromosomal locations which dock, earlier unknown, genes which may attribute to CAD. In the present review different ApoAI-CIII-AIV gene clusters have been discussed.
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Zawilla NH, Darweesh H, Mansour N, Helal S, Taha FM, Awadallah M, El Shazly R. Matrix metalloproteinase-3, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and occupational risk factors in lumbar disc degeneration. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2014; 24:370-381. [PMID: 23975061 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-013-9472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is a process that begins early in life, contributing to the development of low back pain. LDD is a consequence of a variety of factors, and its etiology remains poorly understood. Objectives to investigate occupational and genetic risk factors inducing lumbar disc degeneration, and to evaluate the possible association of genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) with the severity of LDD in an Egyptian population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A case control study involving 84 LDD and 60 controls was carried out. Five types of work related factors were investigated by questionnaire, complete neurological examination for all subjects and MRI for the cases. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were applied to detect polymorphisms in MMP-3 Promoter (-1,171 6A/5A) (rs 731236) and VDR-Apa (rs 35068180). RESULTS We found that family history, back injury, smoking, high level of sitting, bending/twisting, physical workload, lifting, whole body vibration, mutant allele 5A of MMP-3 and mutant allele T of VDR were significantly associated with LDD (OR = 2.9, 3.1, 2.1, 11.1, 15.9, 11.7, 8.2, 12.6, 2.5 and 3.1 respectively, p < 0.05). Cases that carry allele 5A and/or allele T were associated with LDD severity. CONCLUSION LDD is closely associated in occurrence and severity with occupational, environmental risk factors and susceptibility genes namely MMP-3, and VDR (ApaI). This study throws light on the importance of screening for early detection of susceptible individuals and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Zawilla
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt,
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Genetic score based on high-risk genetic polymorphisms and early onset of ischemic heart disease in an Italian cohort of ischemic patients. Thromb Res 2014; 133:804-10. [PMID: 24656450 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been recognized as associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD) although the optimal set of risk genotypes has not be identified. This study aimed to examine whether identified high-risk SNPs are associated with early onset of IHD. In the GENOCOR study, 44 high-risk SNPs were genotyped in 114 patients with early onset of IHD (46.2 ± 5.1 years) and 384 patients with late onset of IHD (60.7 ± 5.9 years). The associations between individual SNPs and early onset IHD were assessed. A multilocus genetic risk score (GRS) for each associated risk genetic markers was constructed by summing the number of risk alleles. The SNPs significantly associated with IHD were: -482C>T of Apolipoprotein C III gene (ApoC3, p=0.02); 1171 5A>6A of Matrix metalloproteinase 3 stromelisine I gene (p=0.01); G98T of Selectin E gene (p=0.05); C/G of 9p21.3 locus (p=0.01). Likelihood ratio test showed a strong interaction for increasing risk of early IHD between the presence of ApoC3 and 9p21.3 locus with hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.0008, 0.0011) as well as between 9p21.3 locus and smoking (p=0.0010) after correction for multiple testing. The OR for premature IHD for GRS unit was 1.3 (95% CI 1.1-1.6, p=0.001). Patients in the top tertile of GRS were estimated to have a 3.2-fold (95% CI 1.5-6.8; p=0.001) increased risk of early IHD compared with those in the bottom tertile. The results show that currently identified high-risk SNPs confer an additive biomarker for cardiovascular events. GRS may provide important incremental information on the genetic component of IHD.
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Yarmolinskaya MI, Molotkov AS, Bezhenar VF, Shved NY, Ivaschenko TE, Baranov VS. Matrix metalloproteinases’s association of polymorphisms of MMP3 and MMP9 with development of genital endometriosis. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mittal B, Mishra A, Srivastava A, Kumar S, Garg N. Matrix metalloproteinases in coronary artery disease. Adv Clin Chem 2014; 64:1-72. [PMID: 24938016 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800263-6.00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of zinc-containing endoproteinases that degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) components. MMP have important roles in the development, physiology and pathology of cardiovascular system. Metalloproteases also play key roles in adverse cardiovascular remodeling, atherosclerotic plaque formation and plaque instability, vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and restenosis that lead to coronary artery disease (CAD), and progressive heart failure. The study of MMP in developing animal model cardiovascular systems has been helpful in deciphering numerous pathologic conditions in humans. Increased peripheral blood MMP-2 and MMP-9 in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may be useful as noninvasive tests for detection of plaque vulnerability. MMP function can be modulated by certain pharmacological drugs that can be exploited for treatment of ACS. CAD is a polygenic disease and hundreds of genes contribute toward its predisposition. A large number of sequence variations in MMP genes have been identified. Case-control association studies have highlighted their potential association with CAD and its clinical manifestations. Although results thus far are inconsistent, meta-analysis has demonstrated that MMP-3 Glu45Lys and MMP-9 1562C/T gene polymorphisms were associated with CAD risk.
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Faria A, Costa D, Criado B, Albuquerque A, Escórcio C. Phenotypes of myocardial blood perfusion related to the genetic variations of metalloproteinases 3 (MMP3) and 9 (MMP9). COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: IMAGING & VISUALIZATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/21681163.2013.769749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sri Manjari K, Nallari P, Balakrishna N, Vidyasagar A, Prabhakar B, Jyothy A, Venkateshwari A. Influence of matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene -1607 (1G/2G) (rs1799750) promoter polymorphism on circulating levels of MMP-1 in chronic pancreatitis. Biochem Genet 2013; 51:644-54. [PMID: 23644943 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-013-9594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of -1607 (1G/2G) (rs1799750) polymorphism of the MMP-1 gene in chronic pancreatitis. We genotyped 100 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 100 control subjects using tetra-primer ARMS-PCR followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Serum levels of MMP-1 were determined by Elisa. Statistical analysis was applied to test the significance of the results. The genotypic and allelic distribution varied significantly between the disease group and the control subjects [OD = 1.981 (1.236-3.181), p = 0.004]. MMP-1 levels were higher in subjects homozygous for the 2G allele than in subjects with the 1G allele. The present study revealed a significant association of the MMP-1 -1607 1G/2G (rs1799750) gene promoter polymorphism with chronic pancreatitis, and it can be considered a biological marker in the etiology of chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sri Manjari
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad 500 016, India
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Pérez-Hernández N, Vargas-Alarcón G, Martínez-Rodríguez N, Martínez-Ríos MA, Peña-Duque MA, Peña-Díaz ADL, Valente-Acosta B, Posadas-Romero C, Medina A, Rodríguez-Pérez JM. The matrix metalloproteinase 2-1575 gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of developing myocardial infarction in Mexican patients. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012; 19:718-27. [PMID: 22785600 DOI: 10.5551/jat.11817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Was to evaluate the role of seven matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) polymorphisms in the genetic susceptibility to develop myocardial infarction in Mexican individuals. METHODS Seven polymorphisms in the MMP genes were genotyped by 5' exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assays in 300 patients with myocardial infarction and 300 healthy unrelated controls. RESULTS A similar distribution of MMP2-1306 (rs243865), MMP2-790 (rs243864), MMP2-735 (rs22850553), MMP7-153(rs11568819), MMP7-181(rs11568818), and MMP12-82(rs2276109) polymorphisms was observed in both studied groups. On the other hand, patients showed increased frequencies of MMP2-1575 A allele and AA genotype when compared to controls (pC= 0.001; OR= 1.58 and pC= 0.036; OR= 2.37, respectively). According to the dominant model, individuals with AG+AA genotypes had a 1.65-fold increased risk of developing the disease (p= 0.002). After adjusting for known risk factors, we found a significant contribution of gender, BMI, smoking habit, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension to the inheritance model. In this analysis, individuals with the-1575 AA genotype had a 4.23-fold increased risk of developing MI (p= 0.003). On the other hand, an association of the MMP12-82 polymorphism with the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) was observed. In our study, it was possible to distinguish two risk haplotypes and one protective haplotype for this disease in the MMP2 gene. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the MMP2-1575 (rs243866) gene polymorphism could be involved in the risk of developing myocardial infarction in Mexican individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as investigative tools in the pathogenesis and management of vascular disease. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2012; 103:209-79. [PMID: 22642194 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0364-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that degrade various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs could also regulate the activity of several non-ECM bioactive substrates and consequently affect different cellular functions. Members of the MMPs family include collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane-type MMPs, and others. Pro-MMPs are cleaved into active MMPs, which in turn act on various substrates in the ECM and on the cell surface. MMPs play an important role in the regulation of numerous physiological processes including vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. MMPs may also be involved in vascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, and varicose veins. MMPs also play a role in the hemodynamic and vascular changes associated with pregnancy and preeclampsia. The role of MMPs is commonly assessed by measuring their gene expression, protein amount, and proteolytic activity using gel zymography. Because there are no specific activators of MMPs, MMP inhibitors are often used to investigate the role of MMPs in different physiologic processes and in the pathogenesis of specific diseases. MMP inhibitors include endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) and pharmacological inhibitors such as zinc chelators, doxycycline, and marimastat. MMP inhibitors have been evaluated as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cancer, autoimmune disease, and cardiovascular disease. Although several MMP inhibitors have been synthesized and tested both experimentally and clinically, only one MMP inhibitor, i.e., doxycycline, is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration. This is mainly due to the undesirable side effects of MMP inhibitors especially on the musculoskeletal system. While most experimental and clinical trials of MMP inhibitors have not demonstrated significant benefits, some trials still showed promising results. With the advent of new genetic and pharmacological tools, disease-specific MMP inhibitors with fewer undesirable effects are being developed and could be useful in the management of vascular disease.
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Li M, Shi J, Fu L, Wang H, Zhou B, Wu X. Genetic polymorphism of MMP family and coronary disease susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Gene 2011; 495:36-41. [PMID: 22226810 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The issue that genetic polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family is in association with coronary disease is controversial. So we did a meta-analysis to clarify it clearly. We made a literature search of PubMed, the Web of Science, and Cochrane Collaboration's database to identify eligible reports. The methodological quality of each included studies was assessed. We calculated the pooled ORs with their 95%CI for each genetic polymorphism in STATA 11 software. Separate analysis was performed to address the consistency of results across the subgroup with different continents. A total of 39 studies were included, with a sample of 42269 individuals. This meta-analysis provided evidence that genetic polymorphism of MMP1-1607 1G/2G, MMP3-Gly45lys, MMP3-376 G/C, MMP3-1171 5A/6A, MMP9-1562 C/T and MMP9-R279Q have a small to medium effect on incidence of coronary disease. There was no evidence that MMP1-519 A/G, MMP1-340 T/C and MMP2-1306 C/T polymorphism could increase risk of coronary disease. Results from subgroup analysis supported a relation between MMP3-1711 5A allele, MMP9-1562 C allele and coronary disease especially in Asian population. The results provide moderate association between the six common genetic polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase family and coronary disease. However, the challenge for researcher is identifying separate effect on different races.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
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Lee T, Wadehra D. Genetic causation of neointimal hyperplasia in hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction. Semin Dial 2011; 25:65-73. [PMID: 21917012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139x.2011.00967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The major cause of hemodialysis vascular access failure is venous stenosis resulting from neointimal hyperplasia. Genetic factors have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in the general population. Genetic factors may also play an important role in vascular access stenosis and development of neointimal hyperplasia by affecting pathways that lead to inflammation, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and vascular smooth muscle proliferation. This review will discuss the role of genetics in understanding neointimal hyperplasia development in hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction and other disease processes with similar neointimal hyperplasia development such as coronary artery disease and PVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timmy Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0585, USA.
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Harten IA, Zahr RS, Lemire JM, Machan JT, Moses MA, Doiron RJ, Curatolo AS, Rothman FG, Wight TN, Toole BP, Gordon LB. Age-dependent loss of MMP-3 in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66:1201-7. [PMID: 21852285 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare, progressive segmental premature aging disease that includes scleroderma-like skin, progressive joint contracture, and atherosclerosis. Affected individuals die prematurely of heart attacks or strokes. Extracellular matrix dysregulation is implicated as a factor in disease progression. We analyzed messenger RNA and protein levels for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2,-3, and -9 in HGPS primary human dermal fibroblasts using real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and gelatin zymography. MMP-3 messenger RNA and protein levels decreased significantly with increasing donor age in HGPS fibroblasts but not in controls. MMP-2 messenger RNA also showed a donor age-dependent decrease in HGPS fibroblasts, but levels of secreted protein were unchanged. MMP-9 was similar in HGPS and control cultures. The decreased MMP-3 may represent a shift in the inherent extracellular matrix-degrading proteolytic balance in favor of matrix deposition in HGPS. This metalloproteinase has the potential to serve as a biomarker of therapeutic efficacy when assessing treatments for HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid A Harten
- Hope Heart Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Genetic polymorphisms and plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their relationships with developing acute myocardial infarction. Coron Artery Dis 2011; 21:330-5. [PMID: 20616708 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0b013e32833ce065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in early atherosclerosis, plaque rupture, extracellular matrix remodeling, and myocardial infarction (MI). MMP gene polymorphisms contribute to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. We designed to investigate the association of acute MI (AMI) with a polymorphism in the human MMP-1, 2, 3, and 9 genes in Iranian patients with AMI. METHODS Genomic DNA of 400 enrolled patients with AMI and 200 controls was extracted from their blood samples. The -1607 1G/2G MMP-1, -1306 C/T MMP-2, -1171 5A/6A MMP-3, -1562 C/T MMP-9 polymorphisms were detected. Plasma levels of MMPs were analyzed. RESULTS There are significant differences in MMP-3 '5A' allele and genotype in the patients with AMI comparing with controls. However, no significant differences were observed in MMP-1, 2, and 9 allele frequencies between the patients and controls. Differences between plasma levels of MMPs were significant in the patients than in controls. There were statistically significant differences between plasma MMP-3 in carriers of 5A allele compared with 6A allele. MMP-9 plasma levels were significantly higher in the carriers of -1306 TT and -1306 CT than CC. However, there were no statistically significant association between genetic variation of MMP-1, 2, and 3 in the patients and their plasma levels. CONCLUSION These data suggest that MMP genotyping such as genetic polymorphism in MMP-3 might be helpful in determining susceptibility to AMI in Iranian patients. In addition, susceptibility to AMI might be related to MMP-9 gene expression, which affects its plasma levels.
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Maqbool A, Keswani A, Galloway S, O'Regan DJ, Ball SG, Turner NA, Porter KE. MMP-3 (5A/6A) polymorphism does not influence human smooth muscle cell invasion. J Surg Res 2011; 175:343-9. [PMID: 21601886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromelysin (MMP-3) is an important regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) invasion, a key contributor to saphenous vein (SV) bypass graft failure. The 5A allele of the common -1612 MMP-3 5A/6A promoter polymorphism reportedly confers increased promoter activity, MMP-3 tissue expression, and susceptibility to a number of vascular pathologies. The aim of this study was to determine whether the MMP-3 5A/6A polymorphism directly influences endogenous MMP-3 expression levels and, consequently, cell invasion, in SV-derived SMC cultured from patients with different genotypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Genotyping of 226 patients revealed -1612 MMP-3 5A/6A genotype frequencies of 20.8% 5A/5A, 52.7% 5A/6A, and 26.5% 6A/6A. Using a standardized, controlled protocol, we investigated cytokine- and growth factor-induced MMP-3 expression (real-time polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR], ELISA) and SV-SMC invasion (Boyden chamber with Matrigel barrier) using cultured SV-SMC from patients with different MMP-3 genotypes. RESULTS Despite observing a strong correlation between MMP-3 mRNA levels and MMP-3 protein secretion, no significant differences were apparent in MMP-3 expression levels or cell invasion between cells with different MMP-3 5A/6A genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the MMP-3 5A/6A promoter polymorphism in isolation does not influence levels of MMP-3 secretion or cellular invasion in human SV-SMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Maqbool
- Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics (LIGHT), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Planello AC, Campos MIG, Meloto CB, Secolin R, Rizatti-Barbosa CM, Line SRP, de Souza AP. Association of matrix metalloproteinase gene polymorphism with temporomandibular joint degeneration. Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119:1-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lombardi F, Belletti S, Battezzati PM, Pacciolla R, Biondi ML. MMP-1 and MMP-3 polymorphism and arrhythmia recurrence after electrical cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2011; 12:37-42. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e3283403366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sherva R, Ford CE, Eckfeldt JH, Davis BR, Boerwinkle E, Arnett DK. Pharmacogenetic effect of the stromelysin (MMP3) polymorphism on stroke risk in relation to antihypertensive treatment: the genetics of hypertension associated treatment study. Stroke 2010; 42:330-5. [PMID: 21183746 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.593798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atherothrombotic diseases including stroke share a common etiology of atherosclerosis, and susceptibility to atherosclerosis has a genetic component. Stromelysin-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-3 [MMP3]) regulates arterial matrix composition and is a candidate gene for atherothrombosis. A common polymorphism of MMP3 alters expression levels and affects atherosclerotic progression and plaque stability. As part of the Genetics of Hypertension Associated Treatment study, ancillary to the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering to Prevent Heart Attack Trial, we evaluated the 5A/6A polymorphism in MMP3 to determine its association with stroke and determine whether it modifies clinical outcome response to blood pressure-lowering drugs. METHODS The effect of the MMP3 5A/6A polymorphism on stroke rates was examined by using multivariate-adjusted Cox regression models, including a test for interactions between genotype and antihypertensive drug class. RESULTS Compared with participants treated with chlorthalidone with the 6A/6A genotype, individuals with the 6A/6A genotype randomized to lisinopril had higher stroke rates (hazard ratio=1.32; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.61; P=0.007) and 5A/6A individuals taking lisinopril had lower stroke rates (hazard ratio(interaction)=0.74; 95% CI, 0.53 to 1.04; P(interaction)=0.08), whereas 5A/5A individuals taking lisinopril had the lowest stroke rate (hazard ratio(interaction)=0.51; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.85; P(interaction)=0.009). There were no pharmacogenetic differences in stroke rate by genotype in patients taking amlodipine or doxazosin vs chlorthalidone. CONCLUSIONS The MMP3 6A/6A genotype is associated with an increased risk of stroke in hypertensive subjects taking lisinopril compared with patients treated with chlorthalidone, whereas a protective effect was found for 5A/5A individuals treated with lisinopril. Genetic screening for the MMP3 5A/6A genotype might be a useful tool to select optimal antihypertensive therapy if this finding is replicated. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00563901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sherva
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 32594, USA
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Association of blood active matrix metalloproteinase-3 with carotid plaque score from a community population in Taiwan. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212:595-600. [PMID: 20609440 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Fallah S, Seifi M, Samadikuchaksaraei A. Risk of coronary artery stenosis in Iranian type 2 diabetics: is there a role for matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene (-1612 5A/6A) polymorphism? J Physiol Biochem 2010; 66:359-64. [PMID: 20740392 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-010-0042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the association of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) polymorphism with susceptibility to coronary artery stenosis (CAS) and the number of diseased vessels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study population comprised 618 unrelated Iranian individual subjects, including 305 angiographically documented CAS patients with T2DM and 313 control subjects with T2DM. MMP3 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Significant differences between cases and controls were observed for MMP3 genotype frequencies (p<0.01). The 6A allele was high frequently seen in the disease group, compared with the control group (64.75 vs. 56.24%, 6A/6A + 5A/6A vs. 5A/5A, p<0.05). The association of this polymorphism with the severity of stenosis were also evaluated which according to results distribution of MMP3 genotypes were not significantly different as compared with the severity of stenosis (p>0.05). Frequency of the 6A allele of the human MMP3 gene is an independent risk factor for CAS in the Iranian T2DM studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Fallah
- Biochemistry Department of Medicine Faculty, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, P. O. Box: 1449614525, Tehran, Iran
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Lin CC, Yang WC, Chung MY, Lee PC. Functional polymorphisms in matrix metalloproteinases-1, -3, -9 are associated with arteriovenous fistula patency in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 5:1805-14. [PMID: 20616161 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.01500210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. This study evaluated the association of genotype polymorphisms of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in hemodialysis (HD) patients with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Genotype polymorphism of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 and clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between Chinese HD patients with (n = 170) and without (n = 426) AVF failure. RESULTS Significant associations were found between AVF failure and the following factors (hazard ratio): longer HD duration (1.007 per month), lower pump flow (0.991 per ml/min), higher dynamic venous pressure (1.016 per mmHg), location of AVF on right side (1.630 versus left side) and upper arm (2.385 versus forearm), history of cardiovascular disease (1.656 versus absence of history), 1G/1G genotype of MMP-1 -1607 1G >2G SNP (2.315 versus 1G/2G + 2G/2G genotypes), 6A/6A genotype of MMP-3 -1612 5A >6A SNP (1.712 versus 5A/6A + 5A/5A), and C/C genotype of MMP-9 -1562 C>T SNP (1.650 versus C/T+T/T). The positive predictive rates for AVF failure were 63.0% and 6.7% for patients with the highest-risk (1G1G/6A6A/CC) and lowest-risk (2G2G or 2G1G/5A5A or 6A6A/TT or TC) composite MMP-1/MMP-3/MMP-9 genotype, respectively. The unassisted patency of AVF at 5 years decreased significantly from 93.3% to 38.4% for the composite MMP-1/MMP-3/MMP-9 genotypes (lowest versus highest risk, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Specific genotypes of MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9 with lower transcriptional activity are associated with higher frequencies of AVF failure, which may result from more accumulation of extracellular matrix, leading to AVF stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ching Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Shalia KK, Shah VK, Mashru MR, Soneji SL, Vasvani JB, Payannavar S, Walvalkar A, Mokal R, Mithbawkar SS, Bootwalla M, Sadvekar P, Thakur PK. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) -1612 5A/6A promoter polymorphism in coronary artery disease in Indian population. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:133-40. [PMID: 23105899 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). 5A allele of -1612 5A/6A polymorphism of MMP-3 is associated with two fold higher activity than 6A allele. Present study was designed to analyse the association of this polymorphism with CAD in Indian population. Subjects included in the study were patients with stable angina (n=35), unstable angina (n=53), patients with recent event of myocardial infarction (MI) (MI Group-1, n=56) and patients at presentation of the acute MI (MI Group-2, n=49). Controls were healthy individuals (n=99). Genotyping of MMP-3 5A/6A polymorphism was carried out by PCR-based restriction digestion method. The genotype distribution of patient groups did not deviate from controls. Serum MMP-3 levels were significantly elevated at presentation of the acute MI by 36.8% (P=0.031) as compared to controls and more associated with 6A genotype suggesting discrepancy between in vitro transfection experiment and peripheral MMP-3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita K Shalia
- Sir H. N. Medical Research Society, Sir H. N. Hospital and Research Centre, Raja Rammohan Roy Road, Mumbai, 400 004 India
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Volcik KA, Campbell S, Chambless LE, Coresh J, Folsom AR, Mosley TH, Ni H, Wagenknecht LE, Wasserman BA, Boerwinkle E. MMP2 genetic variation is associated with measures of fibrous cap thickness: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Carotid MRI Study. Atherosclerosis 2010; 210:188-93. [PMID: 20064641 PMCID: PMC2862087 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic variation in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) promoter regions alter the transcriptional activity of MMPs and has been consistently associated with CHD, presumably through plaque degradation and remodeling. We examined the association of MMP promoter variation with multiple plaque characteristics measured by gadolinium-enhanced MRI among 1700 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Carotid MRI Study. METHODS For the analyses presented here, 1700 participants of the biracial ARIC Carotid MRI Study ( approximately 1000 participants with thick carotid artery walls and approximately 700 randomly sampled participants) were evaluated for associations of MMP genetic variation with multiple plaque characteristics, including carotid artery wall thickness, lipid core and fibrous cap measures. MRI studies were performed on a 1.5T scanner equipped with a bilateral 4-element phased array carotid coil. RESULTS Fifty-one percent of the participants were female, 77% white, 23% African American, and the mean age was 70 years. MMP2 C-1306T variant genotypes (CT+TT) were significantly associated with higher cap thickness measures, but not with wall thickness or lipid core measures. Individuals with the CC genotype had approximately 0.1mm thinner cap thickness compared to those carrying a T allele (P=0.02). CONCLUSION Genetic variation within the MMP2 promoter region was associated with cap thickness and therefore may influence the role of MMP2 in plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Volcik
- University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, 1200 Hermann Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Sakowicz A, Fendler W, Lelonek M, Pietrucha T. Genetic variability and the risk of myocardial infarction in Poles under 45 years of age. Arch Med Sci 2010; 6:160-7. [PMID: 22371740 PMCID: PMC3281334 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2010.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial infarction is caused by the obstruction of an artery in places of atherosclerosis plaque rupture. Endothelial cells during their activation express chemoattractant and adhesion molecules whereas infiltrating inflammatory cells produce enzymes, predisposing a lesion to rupture. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated the correlation between polymorphisms in the human genes E-selectin (Ser128Arg), ICAM1 (K469E), OLR1 (K167N), MMP1 (1G/2G) and MMP3 (-1612 5A/6A) and the risk of MI in young Poles under 45 years. There was no significant difference in the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the studied genes E-selectin (Ser128Arg), ICAM1 (K469E), OLR1 (K167N) and MMP3 (-1612 5A/6A) between patients with MI and controls. RESULTS The analysis of the association of the 1G2G polymorphism with the risk of myocardial infarction indicated an odds ratio (OR) of 5.68 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.60 to 12.36). Other factors associated with myocardial infarction were: smoking (OR 4.12; 95% CI 1.63-10.44), male sex (OR 16.02; 95% CI 5.90-43.46), hypercholesterolaemia (OR 2.74; 95% CI 1.29-5.83) and arterial hypertension (OR 4.56; 95% CI 1.66-14.47). CONCLUSIONS We found that only MMP1 1G/2G polymorphism is associated with myocardial infarction in the Polish population of individuals younger than 45 years. Clinical factors seemed to play a greater role in the analysed group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Sakowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Paediatrics, Oncology, Haematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tadeusz Pietrucha
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Souslova V, Townsend PA, Mann J, van der Loos CM, Motterle A, D'Acquisto F, Mann DA, Ye S. Allele-specific regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene by transcription factor NFkappaB. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9902. [PMID: 20360864 PMCID: PMC2845631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Previous studies suggested that MMP3 expression is influenced by a polymorphism (known as the 5A/6A polymorphism) in the promoter of the MMP3 gene and that this polymorphism is located within a cis-element that interacts with the transcription factor NFκB. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether MMP3 and NFκB were co-localized in atherosclerotic lesions and whether NFκB had differential effects on the two alleles of the MMP3 5A/6A polymorphism. Methodology/Principal Findings Immunohistochemical examination showed that MMP3 and both the NFκB p50 and p65 subunits were expressed abundantly in macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions and that MMP3 expression was co-localized with p50 and p65. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed interaction of p50 and p65 with the MMP3 promoter in macrophages, with greater binding to the 5A allele than to the 6A allele. Reporter gene assays in transiently transfected macrophages showed that the 5A allele had greater transcriptional activity than the 6A allele, and that this allele-specific effect was augmented when the cells were treated with the NFκB activator lipopolysaccharides or co-transfected with p50 and/or p65 expressing plasmids, but was reduced when the cells were treated with the NFκB inhibitor 6-Amino-4-(4-phenoxyphenylethylamino)-quinazoline or transfected with a dominant negative mutant of IkB kinase-β. Conclusion These results corroborate an effect of the 5A/6A polymorphism on MMP3 transcription and indicate that NFκB has differential effects on the 5A and 6A alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Souslova
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Townsend
- Human Genetics Division, MP808, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jelena Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Motterle
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fulvio D'Acquisto
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek A. Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Shu Ye
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Haplotypes and 5A/6A polymorphism of the matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene in coronary disease: Case–control study and a meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2010; 208:171-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Seifi M, Fallah S, Firoozrai M. Influence of Genetic Polymorphism in Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 on Extent of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Risk of Coronary Artery Stenosis. Arch Med Res 2009; 40:600-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sasamura H, Kitamura Y, Nakamura M, Ryuzaki M, Saruta T. Effects of the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Candesartan on Arterial Stiffness and Markers of Extracellular Matrix Metabolism in Patients with Essential Hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2009; 28:511-20. [PMID: 16820347 DOI: 10.1080/10641960600798721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory studies have shown that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) can affect extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism and thereby have a beneficial effect on vascular remodeling. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical effects of the ARB candesartan cilexetil on serum markers of synthesis and degradation of ECM, as well as their relation to changes in arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients. Twenty-three patients with essential hypertension were recruited for this study. Markers related to ECM synthesis and degradation (procollagen type 1 propeptide [PIP], procollagen type III propeptide [PIIIP], matrix metalloproteinase-3 [MMP-3, stromelysin-1], tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases [TIMP-1], and hyaluronic acid [HA]) were examined both before and after one year of treatment with candesartan. Pulse-wave velocity [PWV] and ankle-brachial pressure index [ABI] were measured two months (i.e., after achieving blood pressure reduction) and one year after the initiation of therapy. PWV values after one year of treatment with ARB were significantly decreased compared to previous values, whereas ABI values were unchanged. Treatment with ARB was also associated with a significant decrease in serum PIIIP values and an increase in serum stromelysin-1, whereas changes in PIP, TIMP-1, and HA did not achieve statistical significance. A significant relationship was found between the changes in PWV and the changes in stromelysin-1 levels after correction for blood pressure and heart rate (p = 0.02). These results suggest that the treatment for just one year with ARB results in significant changes in markers of ECM metabolism as well as PWV. These effects on ECM metabolism could have a beneficial effect in decreasing vascular pathology in patients with essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sasamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wu N, Lu X, Hua Y, Song L, Ye J, Li J, Meng X, Gu D, Yang Y. Haplotype Analysis of the Stromelysin-1 (MMP3) and Gelatinase B (MMP9) Genes in Relation to Coronary Heart Disease. Ann Hum Genet 2009; 73:404-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kallenbach K, Salcher R, Heim A, Karck M, Mignatti P, Haverich A. Inhibition of smooth muscle cell migration and neointima formation in vein grafts by overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-3. J Vasc Surg 2009; 49:750-8. [PMID: 19268777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Saphenous vein grafts suffer from neointima formation following bypass surgery. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in this process. We examined MMP-3 for its therapeutic potential to prevent smooth muscle cell migration and neointima formation in venous bypass grafts using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. METHODS Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) were transduced with adenoviral vectors encoding ss-galactosidase (Ad.ssgal) [corrected] or human MMP-3 (Ad.hMMP-(3)), [corrected] and characterized for migration in the amniotic membrane stroma as an in vitro model of the vascular wall. Cholesterol-fed New Zealand white rabbits underwent jugular vein bypass grafting into carotid arteries. Before insertion, grafts were incubated ex vivo with either Ad.ssgal [corrected] or hMMP-3. Transgene expression was characterized by immunohistochemistry and in situ zymography. Grafts (n = 6) were explanted after 28 days and intimal hyperplasia was quantified. RESULTS Migration of HASMC was significantly reduced when transduced with Ad.hMMP-(3) [corrected] compared to controls (P < .001). Immunocytochemistry of Ad.hMMP-(3) [corrected] transduced venous grafts localized this protein to the intima. In situ-zymography showed increased MMP activity in the intima of Ad.hMMP-(3) [corrected] transfected grafts. Stenosis degree (P = .001), intima/media-ratio (P = .023) and lesion thickness (P = .003) were significantly reduced in grafts transduced with Ad.MMP-3 in comparison to controls. There was no difference inside control groups. CONCLUSION MMP-3 overexpression inhibits formation of intimal hyperplasia in arterialized vein grafts. Adenovirus mediated gene transfer of MMP-3 may be of clinical use to prevent vein graft stenosis following bypass surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Kallenbach
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Cozzolino M, Biondi ML, Galassi A, Turri O, Brancaccio D, Gallieni M. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene promoter polymorphisms are associated with mortality in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:2207-12. [PMID: 19221176 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification and accelerated atherosclerosis are major causes of death in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes, involved in the biology of extracellular matrix and in atherogenesis. MMP1 and MMP3 contribute to the enlargement and instability of atherosclerotic plaque, respectively. The common polymorphisms on MMP1 (2G/2G) and MMP3 (6A/6A) gene promoters have been related to increased coronary artery calcification and to carotid artery stenosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of MMP1 and MMP3 polymorphisms with end-stage renal failure (ESRD) and all-cause mortality risk in HD. METHODS Ninety-nine HD patients, followed-up for 36 months, and 133 matched controls were genotyped for the two polymorphisms. HD patients' characteristics were age 64 +/- 13 years, males 64%, diabetic 24%, hypertensive 62%, smokers 38%, dyslipidaemic 28%, all undergoing standard HD thrice weekly. RESULTS ESRD was strongly associated with the combination of 2G/2G and 6A/6A homozygosity: OR 2.57 (0.95-7.4), P = 0.037, but not with isolated 2G/2G and 6A/6A homozygosity (P = 0.09 and P = 0.11, respectively). Isolated 2G/2G was associated with all-cause mortality risk independently from age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidaemia, C-reactive protein, albumin, dialysis vintage and history of cardio-vascular disease: HR 2.96 (1.29-6.80), P = 0.01. A trend for the association of mortality and isolated 6A/6A homozygosity was also observed: HR 3.01 (0.88-10.26), P = 0.078. Combination of 2G/2G and 6A/6A homozygosity significantly increased the mortality risk in the same Cox regression model: HR 4.69 (1.72-12.81), P = 0.003. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that MMP-1 and MMP-3 gene polymorphisms are negative prognostic risk factors for all-cause mortality in HD patients, independently from traditional risk factors. These data may have important implications for better understanding the pathogenesis of the increased mortality in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cozzolino
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Milan School of Medicine, Milan, Italy.
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Pons D, de Vries FR, van den Elsen PJ, Heijmans BT, Quax PH, Jukema JW. Epigenetic histone acetylation modifiers in vascular remodelling: new targets for therapy in cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2008; 30:266-77. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Rauch I, Iglseder B, Paulweber B, Ladurner G, Strasser P. MMP-9 haplotypes and carotid artery atherosclerosis: an association study introducing a novel multicolour multiplex RealTime PCR protocol. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:24-33. [PMID: 18173548 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among other matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), gelatinase B (MMP-9) is discussed to be associated with the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MMP-9 gene, C-1562T in the promoter region and a G/A transition in exon 6 (R + 279Q), have been addressed in previous association studies which, however, produced conflicting results. MATERIAL AND METHODS A novel multiplex RealTime PCR protocol for the fast and simultaneous detection of both polymorphisms is presented, which was used for genotyping 1737 participants of a prospective study investigating genetic factors influencing the progression of atherosclerosis. RESULTS Haplotype analysis revealed -1562C/+279Q as the major haplotype in this population. Allelic distribution of the C-1562T polymorphism was consistent with data published for similar cohorts; however, we found that R + 279Q allelic distribution appears to vary significantly among Caucasian populations. Considering clinical data available from 1487 participants, we found significant associations between the presence of atherosclerotic plaque and the CA-haplotype in men (P = 0.028, phi = 0.08), and between the AG variant of exon 6 and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in women (P = 0.004, Eta(2) = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results demonstrate associations of MMP-9 genotypes with different stages of carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rauch
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University and Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg, Austria
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