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Oh E, Shin S, Kim SP. Brain-computer interface in critical care and rehabilitation. Acute Crit Care 2024; 39:24-33. [PMID: 38224957 PMCID: PMC11002623 DOI: 10.4266/acc.2023.01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the broad landscape of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology and its potential use in intensive care units (ICUs), particularly for patients with motor impairments such as quadriplegia or severe brain injury. By employing brain signals from various sensing techniques, BCIs offer enhanced communication and motor rehabilitation strategies for patients. This review underscores the concept and efficacy of noninvasive, electroencephalogram-based BCIs in facilitating both communicative interactions and motor function recovery. Additionally, it highlights the current research gap in intuitive "stop" mechanisms within motor rehabilitation protocols, emphasizing the need for advancements that prioritize patient safety and individualized responsiveness. Furthermore, it advocates for more focused research that considers the unique requirements of ICU environments to address the challenges arising from patient variability, fatigue, and limited applicability of current BCI systems outside of experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunseo Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea
| | - Seyoung Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sung-Phil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea
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2
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El nahas N, Roushdy TM, Shokri HM, Moustafa RR, Elsayed AM, Amin RM, Ashour AA, Abd Eldayem EH, Elhawary GA, Elbokl AM. Lateralized readiness potentials can identify hemisphere of recovery in stroke patients. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2022; 40:63-71. [PMID: 35634815 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-211222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Highlights • In healthy adults, the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) is localized to the hemisphere contralateral to a moving limb. • In stroke, the LRP can lateralize contra-, or ipsilateral to the paretic limb depending on the stage of recovery. • Identification of hemisphere of recovery can guide further measures for enhancing brain plasticity. Background: Event related cortical potentials related to motor action are referred to as movement related cortical potentials. The late component of which is the readiness potential (RP) and its polarity is more negative in the hemisphere responsible for planning of motor action. This lateralized nature of RP during unilateral hand movement is studied as lateralized readiness potential (LRP) by calculating the contralateral-minus-ipsilateral difference wave for each hand. Objective: The aim was to identify the hemisphere contributing to motor recovery in acute and chronic stroke patients through recording LRPs. Methods: Twenty-nine cases with cerebrovascular stroke (15 acute and 14 chronic) were included in the study. EEG was recorded in response to self-cued button presses by the paretic side to obtain the averaged LRP amplitude. The hemisphere with greater negativity was considered the side of recovery. Functional recovery was assessed by Fugl Meyer test. Results: In acute cases, recovery was more related to LRP activity in the contralesional hemisphere (73% ), whereas lateralization was equal in chronic cases; 50% in either group. LRP amplitude was higher in the contralesional hemisphere (p = 0.02). Functional recovery assessed by the Fugl Meyer test (FM) was similar whether recovery was ipsi- or contralesional. Conclusions: Early after stroke, motor recovery is more likely to involve compensatory activity in the contralesional hemisphere, while in the chronic phase, the ipsilesional hemisphere may recover its function and become more active. Further research is needed to verify if the technique mentioned in our study could be used to guide customized NIBS protocols tailoring the optimal site and parameters for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevine El nahas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer M. Roushdy
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Shokri
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramez R. Moustafa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Elsayed
- Department of Neurology, El Mataria Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randa M. Amin
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya A. Ashour
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman H. Abd Eldayem
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M. Elbokl
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Bardel B, Chalah MA, Créange A, Lefaucheur JP, Ayache SS. Motor preparation impairment in multiple sclerosis: Evidence from the Bereitschaftspotential in simple and complex motor tasks. Neurophysiol Clin 2022; 52:137-146. [PMID: 35307264 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, characterized by the accumulation of demyelinating lesions and axonal loss over its course. This study aimed to increase current knowledge of motor preparation in this condition, by assessing the two components of the Bereitschaftspotential (BP1 and BP2), also known as the readiness potential. METHODS Twelve patients with MS and ten age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were included. Patients' demographic and clinical data were collected. Participants were asked to perform two different tasks, a simple index extension and a Luria sequence. BP1 and BP2 values were obtained from 18 central electroencephalography electrodes and were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Compared to HC, patients with MS showed earlier BP1 onset (i.e., longer latency) in almost all the analyzed scalp regions during index extension. This was also observed during the Luria sequence, but only in the centro-parietal regions. As for BP2 latency, no significant difference was noted between groups during either task. With regard to amplitudes, patients with MS had larger BP1 amplitudes in the right fronto-central area during index extension and greater BP1 and BP2 amplitudes in bilateral centro-parietal and left central regions during the Luria task. BP1 latency was also found to be significantly correlated with disease duration and performance on executive function tests (Trail Making Test). CONCLUSIONS This study showed, for the first time, changes in the Bereitschaftspotential in patients with MS. These data reflect prolonged movement preparation in this population and may suggest global alteration of the premotor scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bardel
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique (ENT), EA 4391, F-94010 Creteil, France; AP-HP, Henri Mondor university hospital, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, DMU FIxIT, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Moussa A Chalah
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique (ENT), EA 4391, F-94010 Creteil, France; AP-HP, Henri Mondor university hospital, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, DMU FIxIT, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Alain Créange
- AP-HP, Henri Mondor university hospital, Department of Neurology, DMU Médecine, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique (ENT), EA 4391, F-94010 Creteil, France; AP-HP, Henri Mondor university hospital, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, DMU FIxIT, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Samar S Ayache
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique (ENT), EA 4391, F-94010 Creteil, France; AP-HP, Henri Mondor university hospital, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, DMU FIxIT, F-94010 Creteil, France.
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4
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Li F, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Huang D, Wei X, Jiang Y, Yao D, Xu P, Li H. The time-varying networks of the wrist extension in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. Cogn Neurodyn 2021; 16:757-766. [PMID: 35847531 PMCID: PMC9279526 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemiplegia is a common dysfunction caused by the brain stroke and leads to movement disability. Although the lateralization of movement-related potential, the event-related desynchronization, and more complicated inter-regional information coupling have been investigated, seldom studies have focused on investigating the dynamic information exchanging among multiple brain regions during motor execution for post-stroke hemiplegic patients. With high temporal-resolution electroencephalogram (EEG), the time-varying network is able to reflect the dynamical complex network modalities corresponding to the movements at a millisecond level. In our present study, the wrist extension experiment was designed, along with related EEG datasets being collected. Thereafter, the corresponding time-varying networks underlying the wrist extension were accordingly constructed by adopting the adaptive directed transfer function and then statistically explored, to further uncover the dynamic network deficits (i.e., motor dysfunction) in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. Results of this study found the effective connectivity between the stroked motor area and other areas decreased in patients when compared to healthy controls; on the contrary, the enhanced connectivity between non-stroked motor areas and other areas, especially the frontal and parietal-occipital lobes, were further identified for patients during their accomplishing the designed wrist extension, which might dynamically compensate for the deficited patients' motor behaviors. These findings not only helped deepen our knowledge of the mechanism underlying the patients' motor behaviors, but also facilitated the real-time strategies for clinical therapy of brain stroke, as well as providing a reliable biomarker to predict the future rehabilitation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-021-09738-2.
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Olsen S, Alder G, Williams M, Chambers S, Jochumsen M, Signal N, Rashid U, Niazi IK, Taylor D. Electroencephalographic Recording of the Movement-Related Cortical Potential in Ecologically Valid Movements: A Scoping Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:721387. [PMID: 34650399 PMCID: PMC8505671 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.721387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) is a brain signal that can be recorded using surface electroencephalography (EEG) and represents the cortical processes involved in movement preparation. The MRCP has been widely researched in simple, single-joint movements, however, these movements often lack ecological validity. Ecological validity refers to the generalizability of the findings to real-world situations, such as neurological rehabilitation. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the research evidence investigating the MRCP in ecologically valid movement tasks. A search of six electronic databases identified 102 studies that investigated the MRCP during multi-joint movements; 59 of these studies investigated ecologically valid movement tasks and were included in the review. The included studies investigated 15 different movement tasks that were applicable to everyday situations, but these were largely carried out in healthy populations. The synthesized findings suggest that the recording and analysis of MRCP signals is possible in ecologically valid movements, however the characteristics of the signal appear to vary across different movement tasks (i.e., those with greater complexity, increased cognitive load, or a secondary motor task) and different populations (i.e., expert performers, people with Parkinson’s Disease, and older adults). The scarcity of research in clinical populations highlights the need for further research in people with neurological and age-related conditions to progress our understanding of the MRCPs characteristics and to determine its potential as a measure of neurological recovery and intervention efficacy. MRCP-based neuromodulatory interventions applied during ecologically valid movements were only represented in one study in this review as these have been largely delivered during simple joint movements. No studies were identified that used ecologically valid movements to control BCI-driven external devices; this may reflect the technical challenges associated with accurately classifying functional movements from MRCPs. Future research investigating MRCP-based interventions should use movement tasks that are functionally relevant to everyday situations. This will facilitate the application of this knowledge into the rehabilitation setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Olsen
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gemma Alder
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mitra Williams
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Seth Chambers
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mads Jochumsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nada Signal
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Usman Rashid
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Imran Khan Niazi
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Centre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Denise Taylor
- Rehabilitation Innovation Centre, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Li H, Huang G, Lin Q, Zhao J, Fu Q, Li L, Mao Y, Wei X, Yang W, Wang B, Zhang Z, Huang D. EEG Changes in Time and Time-Frequency Domain During Movement Preparation and Execution in Stroke Patients. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:827. [PMID: 32973428 PMCID: PMC7468244 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated electroencephalogram (EEG) changes during movement preparation and execution in stroke patients. EEG-based event-related potential (ERP) technology was used to measure brain activity changes. Seventeen stroke patients participated in this study and completed ERP tests that were designed to measure EEG changes during unilateral upper limb movements in preparation and execution stages, with Instruction Response Movement (IRM) and Cued Instruction Response Movement (CIRM) paradigms. EEG data were analyzed using motor potential (MP) in the time domain and the mu-rhythm and beta frequency band response mean value (R-means) in the time-frequency domain. In IRM, the MP amplitude at Cz was higher during hemiplegic arm movement than during unaffected arm movement. MP latency was shorter at Cz and the contralesional motor cortex during hemiplegic arm movement in CIRM compared to IRM. No significant differences were found in R-means among locations, between movement sides in both ERP tests. This study presents the brain activity changes in the time and time-frequency domains in stroke patients during movement preparation and execution and supports the contralesional compensation and adjacent-region compensation mechanism of post-stroke brain reconstruction. These findings may contribute to future rehabilitation research about neuroplasticity and technology development such as the brain-computer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangli Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Le Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xijun Wei
- Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanzhang Yang
- Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingshui Wang
- Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongfeng Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Advanced TMS approaches to probe corticospinal excitability during action preparation. Neuroimage 2020; 213:116746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Li H, Huang G, Lin Q, Zhao JL, Lo WLA, Mao YR, Chen L, Zhang ZG, Huang DF, Li L. Combining Movement-Related Cortical Potentials and Event-Related Desynchronization to Study Movement Preparation and Execution. Front Neurol 2018; 9:822. [PMID: 30344504 PMCID: PMC6182054 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study applied a comprehensive electroencephalography (EEG) analysis for movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) in order to understand movement-related brain activity changes during movement preparation and execution stage of unilateral wrist extension. Thirty-four healthy subjects completed two event-related potential tests in the same sequence. Unilateral wrist extension was involved in both tests as the movement task. Instruction Response Movement (IRM) was a brisk movement response task with visual “go” signal, while Cued Instruction Response Movement (CIRM) added a visual cue contenting the direction information to create a prolonged motor preparation stage. Recorded EEG data were segmented and averaged to show time domain changes and then transformed into time-frequency mapping to show the time-frequency changes. All components were calculated and compared among C3, Cz, and C4 locations. The motor potential appeared bilaterally in both tests' movement execution stages, and Cz had the largest peak value among the investigated locations (p < 0.01). In CIRM, a contingent negative variation (CNV) component presented bilaterally during the movement preparation stage with the largest amplitude at Cz. ERD of the mu rhythm (mu ERD) presented bilateral sensorimotor cortices during movement execution stages in both tests and was the smallest at Cz among the investigated locations. In the movement preparation stage of CIRM, mu ERD presented mainly in the contralateral sensory motor cortex area (C3 and C4 for right and left wrist movements, respectively) and showed significant differences between different locations. EEG changes in the time and time-frequency domains showed different topographical features. Movement execution was controlled bilaterally, while movement preparation was controlled mainly by contralateral sensorimotor cortices. Mu ERD was found to have stronger contra-lateralization features in the movement preparation stage and might be a better indicator for detecting movement intentions. This information could be helpful and might provide comprehensive information for studying movement disorders (such as those in post-stroke hemiplegic patients) or for facilitating the development of neuro-rehabilitation engineering technology such as brain computer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Li Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai-Leung Ambrose Lo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Rong Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong-Feng Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Monge-Pereira E, Ibañez-Pereda J, Alguacil-Diego IM, Serrano JI, Spottorno-Rubio MP, Molina-Rueda F. Use of Electroencephalography Brain-Computer Interface Systems as a Rehabilitative Approach for Upper Limb Function After a Stroke: A Systematic Review. PM R 2017; 9:918-932. [PMID: 28512066 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems have been suggested as a promising tool for neurorehabilitation. However, to date, there is a lack of homogeneous findings. Furthermore, no systematic reviews have analyzed the degree of validation of these interventions for upper limb (UL) motor rehabilitation poststroke. OBJECTIVES The study aims were to compile all available studies that assess an UL intervention based on an electroencephalography (EEG) BCI system in stroke; to analyze the methodological quality of the studies retrieved; and to determine the effects of these interventions on the improvement of motor abilities. TYPE: This was a systematic review. LITERATURE SURVEY Searches were conducted in PubMed, PEDro, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial from inception to September 30, 2015. METHODOLOGY This systematic review compiles all available studies that assess UL intervention based on an EEG-BCI system in patients with stroke, analyzing their methodological quality using the Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies, and determining the grade of recommendation of these interventions for improving motor abilities as established by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. The articles were selected according to the following criteria: studies evaluating an EEG-based BCI intervention; studies including patients with a stroke and hemiplegia, regardless of lesion origin or temporal evolution; interventions using an EEG-based BCI to restore functional abilities of the affected UL, regardless of the interface used or its combination with other therapies; and studies using validated tools to evaluate motor function. SYNTHESIS After the literature search, 13 articles were included in this review: 4 studies were randomized controlled trials; 1 study was a controlled study; 4 studies were case series studies; and 4 studies were case reports. The methodological quality of the included papers ranged from 6 to 15, and the level of evidence varied from 1b to 5. The articles included in this review involved a total of 141 stroke patients. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review suggests that BCI interventions may be a promising rehabilitation approach in subjects with stroke. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Monge-Pereira
- Motion Analysis, Biomechanics, Ergonomy and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM group), Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Rehabilitación y Medicina Física, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón (Madrid), Avda. de Atenas, s/n. CP, 28922, Spain(∗).
| | - Jaime Ibañez-Pereda
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom(†)
| | - Isabel M Alguacil-Diego
- Motion Analysis, Biomechanics, Ergonomy and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM group), Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain(‡)
| | - Jose I Serrano
- Neural and Cognitive Engineering Group, Centro de Automática y Robótica, (CSIC), Arganda del Rey, Spain(§)
| | | | - Francisco Molina-Rueda
- Motion Analysis, Biomechanics, Ergonomy and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM group), Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain(¶)
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10
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Bae S, Kim KY. Dual-afferent sensory input training for voluntary movement after stroke: A pilot randomized controlled study. NeuroRehabilitation 2017; 40:293-300. [DOI: 10.3233/nre-161417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Liu T, Li F, Jiang Y, Zhang T, Wang F, Gong D, Li P, Ma T, Qiu K, Li H, Yao D, Xu P. Cortical Dynamic Causality Network for Auditory-Motor Tasks. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2017; 25:1092-1099. [PMID: 28113671 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2016.2608359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Motor preparation and execution require the interactions of a large-scale brain network, while the study of the dynamic changes of their interactions could uncover the underlying neural mechanism of the corresponding information processing. This dynamic analysis requires high temporal resolution of the recorded signals. Electroencephalogram (EEG) with high temporal resolution has been widely used in related studies. However, studies based on scalp EEG always lead to distorted results, due to scalp volume conduction, compared with that of cortically recorded signals. In the current study, the dynamic networks of motor preparation and execution are investigated using Go/No-go tasks performed with the left/right hand. In the analysis, the EEG source localization and dynamic causal model are combined together to investigate the neural processes of motor preparation and execution. The results show that similar network patterns with nodes distributed in the bilateral occipital lobe, bilateral temporal lobe, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and contralateral supplementary motor area could be revealed for both the Go and No-go tasks. Statistical testing further indicates that stronger couplings with the supplementary motor area could be found in Go and right-hand response tasks compared with No-go and left-hand response tasks, respectively. The findings in the current study demonstrate that the information exchange within the motor related brain networks plays an important role for motor related functions, i.e., the different motor functions may have the different information exchange and processing network patterns.
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Monge-Pereira E, Molina-Rueda F, Rivas-Montero F, Ibáñez J, Serrano J, Alguacil-Diego I, Miangolarra-Page J. Electroencephalography as a post-stroke assessment method: An updated review. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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13
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Langhammer B, Lindmark B, Stanghelle JK. Stroke patients and long-term training: is it worthwhile? A randomized comparison of two different training strategies after rehabilitation. Clin Rehabil 2016; 21:495-510. [PMID: 17613581 DOI: 10.1177/0269215507075207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective : To find out if there were any differences in improvement and maintenance of motor function, activity of daily living and grip strength between patients with first-ever stroke receiving two different strategies of physical exercise during the first year after stroke. Design : A longitudinal randomized controlled stratified trial. Setting : Rehabilitation institutions, community, patients' homes and nursing homes. Subjects : Seventy-five male and female first-time-ever stroke patients: 35 in an intensive exercise group and 40 in a regular exercise group. Intervention : The intensive exercise group received physiotherapy with focus on intensive exercises in four periods during the first year after stroke. The regular exercise group patients were followed up according to their subjective needs during the corresponding year. Main outcome measures : Motor Assessment Scale, Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living, and grip strength. Results : Both groups improved significantly up to six months when function stabilized. The groups did not differ significantly on any test occasions. The difference of improvement from admission to discharge was significant in favour of the intensive exercise group, in the Motor Assessment Scale total score (intensive exercise group 7.5; regular exercise group 1.7, P = 0.01), and in the Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living total score (17.4 versus 8.9, P = 0.04). Conclusion : Motor function, activities of daily living functions and grip strength improved initially and were maintained during the first year after stroke in all patients irrespective of exercise regime. This indicates the importance of motivation for regular exercise in the first year following stroke, achieved by regular check-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Langhammer
- Oslo University College, Faculty of Health, Physiotherapy Programme, Oslo, Norway.
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14
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Bauer R, Fels M, Vukelić M, Ziemann U, Gharabaghi A. Bridging the gap between motor imagery and motor execution with a brain–robot interface. Neuroimage 2015; 108:319-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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15
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Monge-Pereira E, Molina-Rueda F, Rivas-Montero FM, Ibáñez J, Serrano JI, Alguacil-Diego IM, Miangolarra-Page JC. Electroencephalography as a post-stroke assessment method: An updated review. Neurologia 2014; 32:40-49. [PMID: 25288536 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that stroke is currently a serious problem in the population, employing more reliable and objective techniques for determining diagnosis and prognosis is necessary in order to enable effective clinical decision-making. EEG is a simple, low-cost, non-invasive tool that can provide information about the changes occurring in the cerebral cortex during the recovery process after stroke. EEG provides data on the evolution of cortical activation patterns which can be used to establish a prognosis geared toward harnessing each patient's full potential. This strategy can be used to prevent compensation and maladaptive plasticity, redirect treatments, and develop new interventions that will let stroke patients reach their new maximum motor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Monge-Pereira
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Rehabilitación y Medicina Física, Facultad de CC de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Alcorcón, Madrid, España; Laboratorio de Análisis del Movimiento, Biomecánica, Ergonomía y Control Motor, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España.
| | - F Molina-Rueda
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Rehabilitación y Medicina Física, Facultad de CC de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Alcorcón, Madrid, España; Laboratorio de Análisis del Movimiento, Biomecánica, Ergonomía y Control Motor, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España
| | - F M Rivas-Montero
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Rehabilitación y Medicina Física, Facultad de CC de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Alcorcón, Madrid, España; Laboratorio de Análisis del Movimiento, Biomecánica, Ergonomía y Control Motor, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España
| | - J Ibáñez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, España
| | - J I Serrano
- Grupo de Bioingeniería, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Arganda del Rey, Madrid, España
| | - I M Alguacil-Diego
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Rehabilitación y Medicina Física, Facultad de CC de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Alcorcón, Madrid, España; Laboratorio de Análisis del Movimiento, Biomecánica, Ergonomía y Control Motor, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España
| | - J C Miangolarra-Page
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Rehabilitación y Medicina Física, Facultad de CC de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Alcorcón, Madrid, España; Laboratorio de Análisis del Movimiento, Biomecánica, Ergonomía y Control Motor, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, España
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16
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Dipietro L, Poizner H, Krebs HI. Spatiotemporal dynamics of online motor correction processing revealed by high-density electroencephalography. J Cogn Neurosci 2014; 26:1966-80. [PMID: 24564462 PMCID: PMC4692805 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control online motor corrections is key to dealing with unexpected changes arising in the environment with which we interact. How the CNS controls online motor corrections is poorly understood, but evidence has accumulated in favor of a submovement-based model in which apparently continuous movement is segmented into distinct submovements. Although most studies have focused on submovements' kinematic features, direct links with the underlying neural dynamics have not been extensively explored. This study sought to identify an electroencephalographic signature of submovements. We elicited kinematic submovements using a double-step displacement paradigm. Participants moved their wrist toward a target whose direction could shift mid-movement with a 50% probability. Movement kinematics and cortical activity were concurrently recorded with a low-friction robotic device and high-density electroencephalography. Analysis of spatiotemporal dynamics of brain activation and its correlation with movement kinematics showed that the production of each kinematic submovement was accompanied by (1) stereotyped topographic scalp maps and (2) frontoparietal ERPs time-locked to submovements. Positive ERP peaks from frontocentral areas contralateral to the moving wrist preceded kinematic submovement peaks by 220-250 msec and were followed by positive ERP peaks from contralateral parietal areas (140-250 msec latency, 0-80 msec before submovement peaks). Moreover, individual subject variability in the latency of frontoparietal ERP components following the target shift significantly predicted variability in the latency of the corrective submovement. Our results are in concordance with evidence for the intermittent nature of continuous movement and elucidate the timing and role of frontoparietal activations in the generation and control of corrective submovements.
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17
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Bai L, Cui F, Zou Y, Lao L. Acupuncture de qi in stable somatosensory stroke patients: relations with effective brain network for motor recovery. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:197238. [PMID: 23818921 PMCID: PMC3684124 DOI: 10.1155/2013/197238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture has been widely used for treating stroke and De Qi may play an important role. In spite of its acceptance, the neural mechanism underlying acupuncture for motor recovery is still elusive. Particularly, by what extent De Qi sensations can reliably predict the therapeutical acupuncture effect on the mediating recovery from stroke is urgent to investigate. Nine stroke patients were assessed by De Qi, neurological examination, and scanned with acupuncture stimuli across two time points at an interval of two weeks. And we adopted multivariate Granger causality analysis to explore the interregional influences within motor executive brain network during post-acupuncture resting state. Our findings indicated that acupuncture at GB34 can enhance the recovery of stroke mainly by strengthening causal influences between the ipsilesional and contralesional motor cortex. Moreover, centrality of some motor-related regions correlated with clinical variables and thus served as a predictor of stroke recovery. Along the same line, the centrality of these motor-related regions has also high relations with the De Qi sensation. Our findings suggest that De Qi having relatively stable reliability may be essential and used as a predictor to the therapeutic effectiveness of acupuncture for stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Fangyuan Cui
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yihuai Zou
- Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Lixing Lao
- Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 520 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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18
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Dean PJA, Seiss E, Sterr A. Motor planning in chronic upper-limb hemiparesis: evidence from movement-related potentials. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44558. [PMID: 23049676 PMCID: PMC3462178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic hemiplegia is a common long-term consequence of stroke, and subsequent motor recovery is often incomplete. Neurophysiological studies have focused on motor execution deficits in relatively high functioning patients. Much less is known about the influence exerted by processes related to motor preparation, particularly in patients with poor motor recovery. Methodology/Principal Findings The current study investigates motor preparation using a modified response-priming experiment in a large sample of patients (n = 50) with moderate-to-severe chronic hemiparesis. The behavioural results revealed that hemiparetic patients had an increased response-priming effect compared to controls, but that their response times were markedly slower for both hands. Patients also demonstrated significantly enhanced midline late contingent negative variation (CNV) during paretic hand preparation, despite the absence of overall group differences when compared to controls. Furthermore, increased amplitude of the midline CNV correlated with a greater response-priming effect. We propose that these changes might reflect greater anticipated effort to respond in patients, and consequently that advance cueing of motor responses may be of benefit in these individuals. We further observed significantly reduced CNV amplitudes over the lesioned hemisphere in hemiparetic patients compared to controls during non-paretic hand preparation, preparation of both hands and no hand preparation. Two potential explanations for these CNV reductions are discussed: alterations in anticipatory attention or state changes in motor processing, for example an imbalance in inter-hemispheric inhibition. Conclusions/Significance Overall, this study provides evidence that movement preparation could play a crucial role in hemiparetic motor deficits, and that advance motor cueing may be of benefit in future therapeutic interventions. In addition, it demonstrates the importance of monitoring both the non-paretic and paretic hand after stroke and during therapeutic intervention.
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19
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Smith AL, Staines WR. Externally cued inphase bimanual training enhances preparatory premotor activity. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:1846-57. [PMID: 22401934 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated that cortical potentials representing motor preparation for visually-cued movements are enhanced following a single session of visually-cued bimanual movement training (BMT). The neuroanatomical sources that contribute to these rapid training-induced adaptations were unclear. To address this, we compared cortical potentials associated with motor preparation for visually-cued (movement-related potential, MRP) and self-paced (Bereitschaftspotential, BP) movements and investigated adaptations of these following BMT. METHODS EEG recorded the cued MRP and self-paced BP during two experiments. In experiment one, pre and post self-paced unimanual trials were interspersed with cued inphase BMT. In experiment two, self-paced and visually-cued movement trials were performed to assess the differences between and the contributing neural sources to the cued MRP and self-paced BP. RESULTS Inphase BMT does not affect the early BP. Source localization analysis revealed that the preparatory portion of the cued MRP and self-paced BP are generated by the lateral premotor cortex and the supplementary motor area, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The early cued MRP and self-paced BP have unique cortical generators and are independently modulated by specific training types. SIGNIFICANCE These novel findings have implications for interpreting rapid, single-session, training adaptations previously observed. These cortical potentials may also be useful measurement tools to gauge within-session cortical modulations in response to specific modes of rehabilitative training in the stroke population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Stępień M, Conradi J, Waterstraat G, Hohlefeld FU, Curio G, Nikulin VV. Event-related desynchronization of sensorimotor EEG rhythms in hemiparetic patients with acute stroke. Neurosci Lett 2010; 488:17-21. [PMID: 21056625 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies based on neurovascular coupling have shown that stroke affects both, strength and spatial extent of brain activation during upper limb movements. Here, we investigated the sub-second amplitude dynamics of a direct neuronal measure, i.e., event-related desynchronization (ERD) of EEG oscillations during finger movements, in patients with acute cortical and subcortical stroke. Acute cortical strokes were found to decrease the ERD of alpha oscillations for the affected pericentral sensorimotor areas compared to a control group. Within the cortical stroke group, the affected hemisphere showed a smaller alpha-ERD compared to the unaffected hemisphere when each was contralateral to the acting hand. Furthermore, when cortical stroke patients moved their paretic hand, the ipsilateral (i.e., contralesional) alpha-ERD was stronger than the contralateral (ipsilesional) ERD. Interestingly, the alpha-ERD amplitude in a hemisphere with a cortical stroke was relatively well preserved for non-paretic hand movements compared to alpha-ERD amplitude for paretic hand movements. This finding provides a new perspective for assessing the rehabilitative potential, which could be utilized through training of the still responsive cortical network, e.g., via enforced use of the paretic hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stępień
- Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
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Wang L, Yu C, Chen H, Qin W, He Y, Fan F, Zhang Y, Wang M, Li K, Zang Y, Woodward TS, Zhu C. Dynamic functional reorganization of the motor execution network after stroke. Brain 2010; 133:1224-38. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Boyd LA, Vidoni ED, Daly JJ. Answering the call: the influence of neuroimaging and electrophysiological evidence on rehabilitation. Phys Ther 2007; 87:684-703. [PMID: 17429001 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20060164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional recovery after brain damage or disease is dependent on the neuroplastic capability of the cortex and the nonaffected brain. Following cortical injury in the motor and sensory regions, the adjacent spared neural tissues and related areas undergo modifications that are required in order to drive more normal motor control. Current rehabilitation models seek to stimulate functional recovery by capitalizing on the inherent potential of the brain for positive reorganization after neurological injury or disease. This article discusses how neuroimaging and electrophysiological data can inform clinical practice; representative data from the modalities of functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetoencephalography, electroencephalography, and positron emission tomography are cited. Data from a variety of central nervous system disease and damage models are presented to illustrate how rehabilitation practices are beginning to be shaped and informed by neuroimaging and electrophysiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara A Boyd
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2B5.
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Wheaton LA, Mizelle JC, Forrester LW, Bai O, Shibasaki H, Macko RF. How does the brain respond to unimodal and bimodal sensory demand in movement of the lower extremity? Exp Brain Res 2007; 180:345-54. [PMID: 17256159 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-007-0858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous electroencephalography (EEG) studies have shown that neurophysiological signals change in response to visual and sensory adaptations in upper extremity tasks. However, this has not been clearly studied in the lower extremity. In this study, we evaluated how sensory loading affects brain activations related to knee movement. Thirty-two channel EEG was recorded while ten subjects performed knee extension in four different conditions: no weight and no visual target (NWNT), weight affixed to the ankle and no visual target (WNT), no weight and a visual target (NWT), and both weight and target (WT). Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles to determine onset of the movement. EEG was epoched from -4.5 s before to 1 s after EMG onset. Epochs were averaged to acquire movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) of each task condition. MRCP amplitude during the pre-movement period from -2 s to EMG onset was evaluated at electrodes over motor, sensory, frontal, and parietal areas. The amplitude of the pre-movement potentials for the conditions was different across areas of interest. Over the motor area, NWNT had lower amplitude than any other condition and WT had higher amplitude than any other condition. There was no difference between unimodal NWT and WNT conditions. Mesial frontal and parietal areas showed larger MRCP to the bimodal condition than either unimodal or NWNT conditions. The parietal cortex was the only region that showed a difference between unimodal conditions with greater amplitude for NWT condition. Information concerning added sensory demand is processed by the motor cortex in a way that may be indifferent to the type of modality, but is influenced by the quantity of modalities at the level of the knee. Other brain structures such as parietal and premotor cortices respond based on the modality type to help plan appropriate strategies for motor control in response to sensory manipulations. This suggests that additional task demands in motor training may create a rich sensory environment that may be beneficial in promoting optimal neuromotor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A Wheaton
- Department of Veterans Affairs and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Colebatch JG. Bereitschaftspotential and movement-related potentials: Origin, significance, and application in disorders of human movement. Mov Disord 2007; 22:601-10. [PMID: 17260337 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of a slow negative wave, the Bereitschaftspotential ("BP"), preceding voluntary movement by 1 second or more was first reported more than 40 years ago. There appears to be considerable interindividual differences, but there is general agreement that the initial negativity actually consists of two distinct phases. Uncertainty remains about many other properties and features of the response, including nomenclature, which makes the existing literature difficult to synthesize. The duration of the premovement negativity raises questions about how and when voluntary movement is initiated. Premovement negativities can also be seen before (predictably) externally paced movement, and these have similarities to the BP. Although lateralized generators exist, it is likely that the majority of the early component of the BP (BP1 or early BP), arises from the anterior supplementary motor area (SMA) and more rostral pre-SMA. The late phase of the BP (BP2 or late BP) is probably generated by activity in both the SMA proper and the contralateral motor cortex. Changes in the BP occur in several movement disorders, notably Parkinson's disease, in which the pattern is consistent with a failure of pre-SMA activation. The presence (or absence) of a clear preceding negativity can also have diagnostic importance for certain movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Colebatch
- Department of Neurology, Prince of Wales Hospital and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Talelli P, Greenwood RJ, Rothwell JC. Arm function after stroke: Neurophysiological correlates and recovery mechanisms assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2006; 117:1641-59. [PMID: 16595189 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation has been used for over 20 years to investigate recovery of motor function in stroke patients. In particular, it has been used to quantify the extent of damage to the corticospinal output, reorganisation of the cortical representation of the affected body parts and excitability of intracortical and cortico-cortical circuitries in both hemispheres. In this review, we provide a detailed account of most of the published data with particular reference to methodological issues that affect their interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Talelli
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 8-11 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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Van Dijck G, Van Hulle MM, Van Vaerenbergh J. Statistically rigorous human movement onset detection with the maximal information redundancy criterion. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2006; 2006:2474-2477. [PMID: 17945718 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2006.260553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stroke patients have a decreased ability in performing activity of daily living (ADL) tasks such as in "drinking a glass of water", "lifting a bag", "turning a key" and so on. Sensorimotor force and torque measurements from patients performing these standardized ADL tasks are hypothesized to give quantitative information about the recovery process. Parts of the force/torque measurements contain useful information, when related to the initiation of the movement during ADL tasks. Here we address the challenging problem of automatically extracting the movement initiation from these force/torque measurements. We will adopt a machine learning approach which relies on the statistically rigorous maximal information redundancy (MIR) criterion. This assumes that movement initiation parts of the signals are characterized by an increased redundancy in the signal. A thorough evaluation of the criterion shows that the accuracy of the criterion in movement onset detection is close to that of clinical experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Van Dijck
- Computational Neurosci. Res. Group, Laboratorium voor Neuro-en Psychofysiologie, Leuven, Belgium.
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