1
|
Shetti AU, Ramakrishnan A, Romanova L, Li W, Vo K, Volety I, Ratnayake I, Stephen T, Minshall RD, Cologna SM, Lazarov O. Reduced endothelial caveolin-1 underlies deficits in brain insulin signalling in type 2 diabetes. Brain 2023; 146:3014-3028. [PMID: 36731883 PMCID: PMC10316766 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit severe impairments in insulin signalling in the brain and are five times more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. However, what leads to these impairments is not fully understood. Here, we show reduced expression of endothelial cell caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in the db/db (Leprdb) mouse model of type 2 diabetes. This reduction correlated with alterations in insulin receptor expression and signalling in brain microvessels as well as brain parenchyma. These findings were recapitulated in the brains of endothelial cell-specific Cav-1 knock-out (Tie2Cre; Cav-1fl/fl) mice. Lack of Cav-1 in endothelial cells led to reduced response to insulin as well as reduced insulin uptake. Furthermore, we observed that Cav-1 was necessary for the stabilization of insulin receptors in lipid rafts. Interactome analysis revealed that insulin receptor interacts with Cav-1 and caveolae-associated proteins, insulin-degrading enzyme and the tight junction protein Zonula Occludence-1 in brain endothelial cells. Restoration of Cav-1 in Cav-1 knock-out brain endothelial cells rescued insulin receptor expression and localization. Overall, these results suggest that Cav-1 regulates insulin signalling and uptake by brain endothelial cells by modulating IR-α and IR-β localization and function in lipid rafts. Furthermore, depletion of endothelial cell-specific Cav-1 and the resulting impairment in insulin transport leads to alteration in insulin signalling in the brain parenchyma of type 2 diabetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aashutosh U Shetti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Abhirami Ramakrishnan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Liudmila Romanova
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wenping Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Khanh Vo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ipsita Volety
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ishara Ratnayake
- Electron Microscopy Core, Research Resource Center, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Terilyn Stephen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Yang X, Cao Y, Li X, Xu R, Yan J, Guo Z, Sun S, Sun X, Wu Y. Electroacupuncture alleviates early brain injury via modulating microglia polarization and suppressing neuroinflammation in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14475. [PMID: 36967957 PMCID: PMC10036651 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage refers to an uncommon but severe subtype of stroke leading to high mortality and disability rates. Electroacupuncture, a traditional Chinese medical therapy combined with modern technology, shows evident curative effects on cerebral vascular diseases. This study attempts to investigate the possible treatment effects and mechanisms of EA on early brain injury after SAH. Data were gathered among sham group, SAH-induced group, and EA-treated group of male SD rats, concerning mortality rates, weight loss, rotarod latencies, cerebral blood flow, cell apoptosis, pro-inflammatory cytokines releasing, apoptotic protein level, microglia activation and related signal pathway. All results were collected 24-72 h after SAH induction. EA treatment demonstrated significant improvement on motor function 24 h after SAH without significant changes in mortality rate, weight loss, and cerebral blood flow. Another important finding was that EA regulated Bax and Bcl-2 imbalance and reduced cleaved casepase-3 caused by SAH. Additionally, levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were suppressed. The neuron apoptosis was suppressed by EA. The M1 polarization of activated microglia decreased while M2 polarized phenotype increased after EA treatment. Furthermore, pSTAT3-NOX2 signal axis, the M1 phenotype related activation pathway, was depressed after EA treatment. These findings suggested that EA improved motor deficits and ameliorated early brain injury after SAH probably via decreasing neuron apoptosis and anti-inflammation, which may involve modulation of microglia polarization. Taken together, EA may be a potential therapy for SAH treatment.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghanaatfar F, Ghanaatfar A, Isapour P, Farokhi N, Bozorgniahosseini S, Javadi M, Gholami M, Ulloa L, Coleman-Fuller N, Motaghinejad M. Is lithium neuroprotective? An updated mechanistic illustrated review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:4-30. [PMID: 35996185 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a pathological process characterized by progressive neuronal impairment, dysfunction, and loss due to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Many studies have shown that lithium protects against neurodegeneration. Herein, we summarize recent clinical and laboratory studies on the neuroprotective effects of lithium against neurodegeneration and its potential to modulate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent findings indicate that lithium regulates critical intracellular pathways such as phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3β) and PI3/Akt/response element-binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We queried PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Elsevier, and other related databases using search terms related to lithium and its neuroprotective effect in various neurodegenerative diseases and events from January 2000 to May 2022. We reviewed the major findings and mechanisms proposed for the effects of lithium. Lithium's neuroprotective potential against neural cell degeneration is mediated by inducing anti-inflammatory factors, antioxidant enzymes, and free radical scavengers to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction. Lithium effects are regulated by two essential pathways: PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF. Lithium acts as a neuroprotective agent against neurodegeneration by preventing inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction using PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Ghanaatfar
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanaatfar
- Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Parisa Isapour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Negin Farokhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahshid Javadi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Gholami
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalie Coleman-Fuller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li MC, Tian Q, Liu S, Han SM, Zhang W, Qin XY, Chen JH, Liu CL, Guo YJ. The mechanism and relevant mediators associated with neuronal apoptosis and potential therapeutic targets in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:244-252. [PMID: 35900398 PMCID: PMC9396483 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a dominant cause of death and disability worldwide. A sharp increase in intracranial pressure after SAH leads to a reduction in cerebral perfusion and insufficient blood supply for neurons, which subsequently promotes a series of pathophysiological responses leading to neuronal death. Many previous experimental studies have reported that excitotoxicity, mitochondrial death pathways, the release of free radicals, protein misfolding, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and inflammation are involved solely or in combination in this disorder. Among them, irreversible neuronal apoptosis plays a key role in both short- and long-term prognoses after SAH. Neuronal apoptosis occurs through multiple pathways including extrinsic, mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum, p53 and oxidative stress. Meanwhile, a large number of blood contents enter the subarachnoid space after SAH, and the secondary metabolites, including oxygenated hemoglobin and heme, further aggravate the destruction of the blood-brain barrier and vasogenic and cytotoxic brain edema, causing early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia, and ultimately increasing neuronal apoptosis. Even there is no clear and effective therapeutic strategy for SAH thus far, but by understanding apoptosis, we might excavate new ideas and approaches, as targeting the upstream and downstream molecules of apoptosis-related pathways shows promise in the treatment of SAH. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence on molecules and related drugs or molecules involved in the apoptotic pathway after SAH, which provides a possible target or new strategy for the treatment of SAH.
Collapse
|
5
|
Qi JS, Su Q, Li T, Liu GW, Zhang YL, Guo JH, Wang ZJ, Wu MN. Agomelatine: a potential novel approach for the treatment of memory disorder in neurodegenerative disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:727-733. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.353479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
6
|
Shi J, Peng T, Hu J, Shao H. Human genome-wide analysis and identification of the hyperphosphorylation-elicited interactions between subarachnoid tau protein and phosphoprotein-binding domains. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2475-2485. [PMID: 34859923 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau can be recognized by a variety of phosphoprotein-binding domains (PBDs) to elicit downstream tau signaling in neuropathology, which has been found to have a potential association with subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this study, the genome-wide binding behavior of tau phosphorylation sites (p-sites) to PBDs involved in subarachnoid hyperphosphorylation events was systematically profiled at molecular level by integrating peptide docking, structural minimization, affinity scoring, and binding assay, from which a number of potent PBD-p-site interaction pairs were identified. It was revealed that the PBD domains exhibit distinct binding preferences for phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine, and phosphothreonine p-sites; the PBD-recognition specificity of different tau p-sites is not overlapped with each other, and their phosphorylations would therefore regulate varying biological functions in tau signaling. A number of PBD-p-site pairs were identified to have potent binding potency as compared to others. The KCIP-pS[393-399] pair was found as a strong binder, which was further optimized with a rational peptide design protocol to derive a number of affinity-improved phosphopeptides. Structural analysis revealed diverse noncovalent chemical forces across the complex interface of KCIP domain with a designed high-affinity pS[393-399]-d4, which confers both stability and specificity to the domain-peptide complex system, with affinity improved by 10.9-fold relative to the native pS[393-399].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Shi
- Department of Brain Surgery, Liyang People's Hospital, Nantong University, Liyang, China
| | - Taolue Peng
- Department of Brain Surgery, Liyang People's Hospital, Nantong University, Liyang, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Department of Brain Surgery, Liyang People's Hospital, Nantong University, Liyang, China
| | - Hong Shao
- Department of Brain Surgery, Liyang People's Hospital, Nantong University, Liyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Banaras S, Paracha RZ, Nisar M, Arif A, Ahmad J, Tariq Saeed M, Mustansar Z, Shuja MN, Paracha RN. System level modeling and analysis of TNF- α mediated sphingolipid signaling pathway in neurological disorders for the prediction of therapeutic targets. Front Physiol 2022; 13:872421. [PMID: 36060699 PMCID: PMC9437628 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.872421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) belongs to a class of lipids termed sphingolipids. The disruption in the sphingomyelin signaling pathway is associated with various neurodegenerative disorders. TNF-α, a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine generated in response to various neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), is an eminent regulator of the sphingomyelin metabolic pathway. The immune-triggered regulation of the sphingomyelin metabolic pathway via TNF-α constitutes the sphingomyelin signaling pathway. In this pathway, sphingomyelin and its downstream sphingolipids activate various signaling cascades like PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways, thus, controlling diverse processes coupled with neuronal viability, survival, and death. The holistic analysis of the immune-triggered sphingomyelin signaling pathway is imperative to make necessary predictions about its pivotal components and for the formulation of disease-related therapeutics. The current work offers a comprehensive in silico systems analysis of TNF-α mediated sphingomyelin and downstream signaling cascades via a model-based quantitative approach. We incorporated the intensity values of genes from the microarray data of control individuals from the AD study in the input entities of the pathway model. Computational modeling and simulation of the inflammatory pathway enabled the comprehensive study of the system dynamics. Network and sensitivity analysis of the model unveiled essential interaction parameters and entities during neuroinflammation. Scanning of the key entities and parameters allowed us to determine their ultimate impact on neuronal apoptosis and survival. Moreover, the efficacy and potency of the FDA-approved drugs, namely Etanercept, Nivocasan, and Scyphostatin allowed us to study the model's response towards inhibition of the respective proteins/enzymes. The network analysis revealed the pivotal model entities with high betweenness and closeness centrality values including recruit FADD, TNFR_TRADD, act CASP2, actCASP8, actCASP3 and 9, cytochrome C, and RIP_RAIDD which profoundly impacted the neuronal apoptosis. Whereas some of the entities with high betweenness and closeness centrality values like Gi-coupled receptor, actS1PR, Sphingosine, S1P, actAKT, and actERK produced a high influence on neuronal survival. However, the current study inferred the dual role of ceramide, both on neuronal survival and apoptosis. Moreover, the drug Nivocasan effectively reduces neuronal apoptosis via its inhibitory mechanism on the caspases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Banaras
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Zafar Paracha
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryum Nisar
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Arif
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Computer Science and Information Technology (CS&IT), University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Saeed
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zartasha Mustansar
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rizwan Nasir Paracha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sub Campus Bhakkar, Bhakkar, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The role of autophagy and apoptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10775-10782. [PMID: 35819555 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a worldwide devastating type of stroke with high mortality and morbidity. Accumulating evidence show early brain injury (EBI) as the leading cause of mortality after SAH. The pathological processes involved in EBI include decreased cerebral blood flow, increased intracranial pressure, vasospasm, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy have also been proposed to contribute to EBI. Among the various processes involved in EBI, neuronal apoptosis has been proven to be a key factor contributing to the poor prognosis of SAH patients. Meanwhile, as another important catabolic process maintaining the cellular and tissue homeostasis, autophagy has been shown to be neuroprotective after SAH. Studies have shown that enhancing autophagy reduced apoptosis, whereas inhibiting autophagy aggravate neuronal apoptosis after SAH. The physiological substrates and mechanisms of neuronal autophagy and apoptosis by which defects in neuronal function are largely unknown. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of autophagy and apoptosis after SAH and contribute to further study for investigation of the means to control the balance between them.
Collapse
|
9
|
Biological Effects and Mechanisms of Caspases in Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3345637. [PMID: 35847583 PMCID: PMC9277153 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3345637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteases responsible for mediating and initiating cell death signals. In the past, the dysregulated activation of caspases was reported to play diverse but equally essential roles in neurodegenerative diseases, such as brain injury and neuroinflammatory diseases. A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a traumatic event that is either immediately lethal or induces a high risk of stroke and neurological deficits. Currently, the prognosis of SAH after treatment is not ideal. Early brain injury (EBI) is considered one of the main factors contributing to the poor prognosis of SAH. The mechanisms of EBI are complex and associated with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and cell death. Based on mounting evidence, caspases are involved in neuronal apoptosis or death, endothelial cell apoptosis, and increased inflammatory cytokine-induced by apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in the initial stages after SAH. Caspases can simultaneously mediate multiple death modes and regulate each other. Caspase inhibitors (including XIAP, VX-765, and Z-VAD-FMK) play an essential role in ameliorating EBI after SAH. In this review, we explore the related pathways mediated by caspases and their reciprocal regulation patterns after SAH. Furthermore, we focus on the extensive crosstalk of caspases as a potential area of research on therapeutic strategies for treating EBI after SAH.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wei B, Liu W, Jin L, Guo S, Fan H, Jin F, Wei C, Fang D, Zhang X, Su S, Duan C, Li X. Dexmedetomidine Inhibits Gasdermin D-Induced Pyroptosis via the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β Pathway to Attenuate Neuroinflammation in Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:899484. [PMID: 35800132 PMCID: PMC9253293 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.899484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one kind of life-threatening stroke, which leads to severe brain damage. Pyroptosis plays a critical role in early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. Previous reports suggest that SAH-induced brain edema, cell apoptosis, and neuronal injury could be suppressed by dexmedetomidine (Dex). In this study, we used a rat model of SAH to investigate the effect of Dex on pyroptosis in EBI after SAH and to determine the mechanisms involved. Pyroptosis was found in microglia in EBI after SAH. Dex significantly alleviated microglia pyroptosis via reducing pyroptosis executioner GSDMD and inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines induced by SAH. Furthermore, the reduction of GSDMD by Dex was abolished by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that Dex reduces microglia pyroptosis in EBI after SAH via the activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wei
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenquan Guo
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fa Jin
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengcong Wei
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dazhao Fang
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixing Su
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzhi Duan
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xifeng Li
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Myagmar BO, Chen R, Zhang X, Xu R, Jiang W, Cao W, Ji H, Zhang X. Cerebroprotein hydrolysate injection is involved in promoting long-term angiogenesis, vessel diameter and density after cerebral ischemia in mice. Life Sci 2022; 300:120568. [PMID: 35489566 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we aimed investigate the impacts of CH-I on angiogenesis, effects for vascular structure changes and long-term neurological recovery after ischemic stroke as well as the potential mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Young male mice subjected to intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion were administrated with CH-I once daily from day 1 to day 14 after stroke. The infarct volume was evaluated by TTC staining at day 7 after stroke. Neurological deficits were measured 1 to 28 days after stroke. Microvascular density, astrocyte coverage, and angiogenesis were assessed by IF, qRT-PCR, and WB at regular intervals after stroke. LSCI and TPMI measured changes in blood flow and vascular density and width from the day after stroke to day 28. KEY FINDINGS Compared with the dMCAO group, CH-I treatment significantly improved neurological recovery and reduced the infarct at day 7 after stroke. CH-I treatment increased the expression of the CD31, BrdU+/CD31+ microvessels and GFAP positive vessels in the peri-infarct cortex at day 7 to 28 after stroke. The expression of protein and gene were enhanced in CH-I group. CH-I significantly improved cerebral blood flow at day 7 after stroke. CH-I increased the vascular density and vascular width at day 14 after stroke. SIGNIFICANCE CH-I has been shown to restore nerve function, reduce the rate of cerebral infarction, increase microvascular density, and promote angiogenesis. CH-I improved cerebral blood flow, protected blood vessels from postoperative stenosis, and improved vascular plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bat-Otgon Myagmar
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio- Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhao Xu
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio- Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio- Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Cao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ji
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio- Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Solár P, Zamani A, Lakatosová K, Joukal M. The blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit in subarachnoid hemorrhage: molecular events and potential treatments. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35410231 PMCID: PMC8996682 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following a stroke, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), has been studied extensively. The main components of this reaction are endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes that affect microglia, neurons, and vascular smooth muscle cells. SAH induces alterations in individual BBB cells, leading to brain homeostasis disruption. Recent experiments have uncovered many pathophysiological cascades affecting the BBB following SAH. Targeting some of these pathways is important for restoring brain function following SAH. BBB injury occurs immediately after SAH and has long-lasting consequences, but most changes in the pathophysiological cascades occur in the first few days following SAH. These changes determine the development of early brain injury as well as delayed cerebral ischemia. SAH-induced neuroprotection also plays an important role and weakens the negative impact of SAH. Supporting some of these beneficial cascades while attenuating the major pathophysiological pathways might be decisive in inhibiting the negative impact of bleeding in the subarachnoid space. In this review, we attempt a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular changes in the BBB following SAH and their possible modulation by various drugs and substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Lakatosová
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zeng J, Zheng S, Chen Y, Qu Y, Xie J, Hong E, Lv H, Ding R, Feng L, Xie Z. Puerarin attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced early brain injury possibly by PI3K/Akt signal activation-mediated suppression of NF-κB pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7809-7824. [PMID: 34180121 PMCID: PMC8358853 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can induce intensively oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and brain cell apoptosis. However, currently, there is no highly effective treatment available. Puerarin (PUE) possesses excellent neuroprotective effects by suppressing the NF‐κB pathway and activating the PI3K/Akt signal, but its role and related mechanisms in ICH‐induced early brain injury (EBI) remain unclear. In this study, we intended to observe the effects of PUE and molecular mechanisms on ICH‐induced EBI. ICH was induced in rats by collagenase IV injection. PUE was intraperitoneally administrated alone or with simultaneously intracerebroventricular injection of LY294002 (a specific inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt signal). Neurological deficiency, histological impairment, brain edema, hematoma volume, blood–brain barrier destruction, and brain cell apoptosis were evaluated. Western blot, immunohistochemistry staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were performed. PUE administration at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg could significantly reduce ICH‐induced neurological deficits and EBI. Moreover, PUE could notably restrain ICH‐induced upregulation of the NF‐κB pathway, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, ROS level, and apoptotic pathway and activate the PI3K/Akt signal. However, LY294002 delivery could efficaciously weaken these neuroprotective effects of PUE. Overall, PUE could attenuate ICH‐induced behavioral defects and EBI possibly by PI3K/Akt signal stimulation‐mediated inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway, and this made PUE a potential candidate as a promising therapeutic option for ICH‐induced EBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoming Qu
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enhui Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhu Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Zhichong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu CH, Tsai YC, Tsai TH, Kuo KL, Su YF, Chang CH, Lin CL. Valproic Acid Reduces Vasospasm through Modulation of Akt Phosphorylation and Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115975. [PMID: 34205883 PMCID: PMC8198375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating emergent event associated with high mortality and morbidity. Survivors usually experience functional neurological sequelae caused by vasospasm-related delayed ischemia. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: sham (non-SAH) group, SAH group, and three groups with SAH treated with different doses of valproic acid (VPA) (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, once-daily, for 7 days). The severity of vasospasm was determined by the ratio of cross-sectional areas to intima-media thickness of the basilar arteries (BA) on the seventh day after SAH. The BA showed decreased expression of phospho-Akt proteins. The dentate gyrus showed increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins and decreased expression of Bcl-2, phospho-ERK 1/2, phospho-Akt and acetyl-histone H3 proteins. The incidence of SAH-induced vasospasm was significantly lower in the SAH group treated with VPA 40 mg/kg (p < 0.001). Moreover, all groups treated with VPA showed reversal of the above-mentioned protein expression in BA and the dentate gyrus. Treatment with VPA upregulated histone H3 acetylation and conferred anti-vasospastic and neuro-protective effects by enhancing Akt and/or ERK phosphorylation. This study demonstrated that VPA could alleviate delayed cerebral vasospasm induced neuro-apoptosis after SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (K.-L.K.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-Hsin Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (K.-L.K.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Keng-Liang Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (K.-L.K.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-H.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Feng Su
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (K.-L.K.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Chang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (K.-L.K.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-H.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (K.-L.K.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sharma A, Mehan S. Targeting PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling in the prevention of autism. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105067. [PMID: 33992742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway represents an essential signaling mechanism for mammalian enzyme-related receptors in transducing signals or biological processes such as cell development, differentiation, cell survival, protein synthesis, and metabolism. Upregulation of the PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway involves many human brain abnormalities, including autism and other neurological dysfunctions. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with behavior and psychiatric illness. This research-based review discusses the functional relationship between the neuropathogenic factors associated with PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Ultimately causes autism-like conditions associated with genetic alterations, neuronal apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, inhibition of the PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may have an effective therapeutic value for autism treatment. The current review also summarizes the involvement of PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway inhibitors in the treatment of autism and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Slezak J, Kura B, LeBaron TW, Singal PK, Buday J, Barancik M. Oxidative Stress and Pathways of Molecular Hydrogen Effects in Medicine. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:610-625. [PMID: 32954996 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200821114016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are many situations of excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as radiation, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and inflammation. ROS contribute to and arises from numerous cellular pathologies, diseases, and aging. ROS can cause direct deleterious effects by damaging proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids as well as exert detrimental effects on several cell signaling pathways. However, ROS are important in many cellular functions. The injurious effect of excessive ROS can hypothetically be mitigated by exogenous antioxidants, but clinically this intervention is often not favorable. In contrast, molecular hydrogen provides a variety of advantages for mitigating oxidative stress due to its unique physical and chemical properties. H2 may be superior to conventional antioxidants, since it can selectively reduce ●OH radicals while preserving important ROS that are otherwise used for normal cellular signaling. Additionally, H2 exerts many biological effects, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-shock. H2 accomplishes these effects by indirectly regulating signal transduction and gene expression, each of which involves multiple signaling pathways and crosstalk. The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, which can be activated by H2, plays a critical role in regulating cellular redox balance, metabolism, and inducing adaptive responses against cellular stress. H2 also influences the crosstalk among the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis, which involve MAPKs, p53, Nrf2, NF-κB, p38 MAPK, mTOR, etc. The pleiotropic effects of molecular hydrogen on various proteins, molecules and signaling pathways can at least partly explain its almost universal pluripotent therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kura
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tyler W LeBaron
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pawan K Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Jozef Buday
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Barancik
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu L, Zhang P, Zhang Z, Liang Y, Chen H, He Z, Sun X, Guo Z, Deng Y. 5-Lipoxygenase inhibition reduces inflammation and neuronal apoptosis via AKT signaling after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11752-11761. [PMID: 33878031 PMCID: PMC8109136 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) is a major contributor to the high mortality and morbidity after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Inflammatory responses and neuronal apoptosis are important causes of EBI. Because 5- lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is known to be involved various central nervous system diseases, we investigated the effects of 5-LOX inhibition during EBI after SAH. Zileuton and LY294002 were used to inhibit expression of 5-LOX and Akt, respectively. We found that 5-LOX expression was significantly increased in the cytoplasm of cortical neurons after SAH and was accompanied by upregulated expression of the inflammatory factors LTB4, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6; upregulation of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax; downregulation of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2; and an increased apoptosis rate. Gastric Zileuton administration significantly suppressed all of those effects and improved neurological function. Zileuton also upregulated activated (phosphorylated) AKT levels, and these beneficial effects of Zileuton were abolished by intracerebroventricular infusion of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Taken together, these findings indicate that 5-LOX mediates pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects that contribute to EBI after SAH and that those effects are suppressed by activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. This suggests targeting 5-LOX may be an effective approach to treating EBI after SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Emergency Center, Chongqing University Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaosi Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yidan Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Emergency Center, Chongqing University Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaohui He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongbing Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Emergency Center, Chongqing University Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yan C, Yu H, Liu Y, Wu P, Wang C, Zhao H, Yang K, Shao Q, Zhong Y, Zhao W, Li J, Liu N, Di J, Li C, Bao L, Gao C. c-Abl Tyrosine Kinase-Mediated Neuronal Apoptosis in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Modulating the LRP-1-Dependent Akt/GSK3β Survival Pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2514-2525. [PMID: 33786723 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that neuronal apoptosis plays a critical role in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and the inhibition of apoptosis can induce neuroprotective effects in SAH animal models. c-Abl has been reported to promote neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease and cerebral ischemia, but its role in SAH had not been illuminated until now. In the present study, the effect of c-Abl on neuronal apoptosis induced by SAH was investigated. c-Abl protein levels and neuronal apoptosis were markedly increased 24 h after SAH, and the inhibition of endogenous c-Abl reduced neuronal apoptosis and mortality and ameliorated neurological deficits. Furthermore, c-Abl inhibition decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 (CC-3) after SAH. These results demonstrate the proapoptotic effect of c-Abl in EBI after SAH. Additionally, c-Abl inhibition further enhanced the SAH-induced phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β. LY294002 abrogated the beneficial effects of targeting c-Abl and exacerbated neuronal apoptosis after SAH. SAH decreased LRP-1 levels and downregulated LRP-1 by RAP, and LRP-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced a dramatic decrease in Akt/GSK3β activation in the presence of c-Abl siRNA. This is the first report showing that the c-Abl tyrosine kinase may play a key role in SAH-induced neuronal apoptosis by regulating the LRP-1-dependent Akt/GSK3β survival pathway. Thus, c-Abl has the potential to be a novel target for EBI therapy after SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongbin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqiang Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglong Di
- Department of Hematology, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Luhao Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Quinpirole-Mediated Regulation of Dopamine D2 Receptors Inhibits Glial Cell-Induced Neuroinflammation in Cortex and Striatum after Brain Injury. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010047. [PMID: 33430188 PMCID: PMC7825629 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injury is a significant risk factor for chronic gliosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, no treatment is available for neuroinflammation caused by the action of glial cells following brain injury. In this study, we investigated the quinpirole-mediated activation of dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). We also investigated the neuroprotective effects of quinpirole (a D2R agonist) against glial cell-induced neuroinflammation secondary to TBI in adult mice. After the brain injury, we injected quinpirole into the TBI mice at a dose of 1 mg/kg daily intraperitoneally for 7 days. Our results showed suppression of D2R expression and deregulation of downstream signaling molecules in ipsilateral cortex and striatum after TBI on day 7. Quinpirole administration regulated D2R expression and significantly reduced glial cell-induced neuroinflammation via the D2R/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3-β) signaling pathway after TBI. Quinpirole treatment concomitantly attenuated increase in glial cells, neuronal apoptosis, synaptic dysfunction, and regulated proteins associated with the blood–brain barrier, together with the recovery of lesion volume in the TBI mouse model. Additionally, our in vitro results confirmed that quinpirole reversed the microglial condition media complex-mediated deleterious effects and regulated D2R levels in HT22 cells. This study showed that quinpirole administration after TBI reduced secondary brain injury-induced glial cell activation and neuroinflammation via regulation of the D2R/Akt/GSK3-β signaling pathways. Our study suggests that quinpirole may be a safe therapeutic agent against TBI-induced neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lipid Emulsion Improves Functional Recovery in an Animal Model of Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197373. [PMID: 33036206 PMCID: PMC7582956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a life-threatening condition that leads to the death of many people around the world. Reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke is a recurrent problem associated with various surgical procedures that involve the removal of blockages in the brain arteries. Lipid emulsion was recently shown to attenuate ischemic reperfusion injury in the heart and to protect the brain from excitotoxicity. However, investigations on the protective mechanisms of lipid emulsion against ischemia in the brain are still lacking. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effects of lipid emulsion in an in vivo rat model of ischemic reperfusion injury through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, rats were subjected to MCAO surgery and were administered with lipid emulsion through intra-arterial injection during reperfusion. The experimental animals were assessed for neurological deficit wherein the brains were extracted at 24 h after reperfusion for triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, immunoblotting and qPCR. Neuroprotection was found to be dosage-dependent and the rats treated with 20% lipid emulsion had significantly decreased infarction volumes and lower Bederson scores. Phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3-β) were increased in the 20% lipid-emulsion treated group. The Wnt-associated signals showed a marked increase with a concomitant decrease in signals of inflammatory markers in the group treated with 20% lipid emulsion. The protective effects of lipid emulsion and survival-related expression of genes such as Akt, GSK-3β, Wnt1 and β-catenin were reversed by the intra-peritoneal administration of XAV939 through the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results suggest that lipid emulsion has neuroprotective effects against ischemic reperfusion injury in the brain through the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway and may provide potential insights for the development of therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
21
|
Astragaloside IV alleviates the brain damage induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2020; 735:135227. [PMID: 32619654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused brain damage accounts for more than 20 % death of patients with cerebrovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the effects of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on SAH-induced brain damage and its underlying mechanism. SAH rat model was established and treated with or without AS-IV. Brain injury and function were evaluated by neurological score, brain water content, Nissl staining, and behavioral experiments using Morris water maze. The protein expression related to SAH caused inflammation and neuron apoptosis were assessed. As expected, after 24 h of SAH, Garcia score, beam balance score and the number of intact neurons were significantly reduced in SAH rats compared to sham rats, but AS-IV treatment dramatically elevated the two scores and the number of intact neuron number. Brain water content that increased after SAH was also declined in AS-IV treated rats compared to untreated rats. In addition, SAH rats treated with AS-IV also showed better neurological outcomes than untreated SAH rats including shorter escape time and swimming distance, longer quadrant stay in the Morris water maze and increased fall latency from the rod rotating. In addition, in the SAH rats, the anti-apoptosis pathway phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (Akt) was activated while nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling was markedly repressed by AS-IV. Several apoptosis associated genes including FoxO1, Bim, Bax and a typical apoptosis marker cleaved-caspase-3 were all downregulated by AS-IV. In conclusion, this study found a protective role of AS-IV in SAH-induced brain injury through regulating PI3K and NF-κB signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang YH, Chung CL, Tsai HP, Tzou RD, Wu SC, Chai CY, Lee TC, Kwan AL. Impact of hyperglycemia on neuronal apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rodent brain: An experimental research. Int J Surg 2020; 83:246-252. [PMID: 32739549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia, a derangement after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is known to be associated with unfavorable outcomes. Whether the connection between hyperglycemia and poor prognosis results from severe neuronal apoptosis is unknown, and we aim at investigating their relationship. MATERIAL AND METHODS Streptozotocin (STZ) was administrated to trigger hyperglycemia before SAH induction in Sprague-Dawley rats that were assigned to one of four groups: control, SAH only, hyperglycemia only, and SAH with hyperglycemia. The severity of neuronal apoptosis was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend labelling (TUNEL) staining of cerebral cortex. RESULTS When subjected to SAH, hyperglycemic animals had worse neurobehavioral functions than normoglycemic ones. Hyperglycemia-exacerbated apoptosis was evident by greater increases in cleaved caspase-3 expression and TUNEL-positive cell density in the SAH with hyperglycemia group than those in the SAH only group, whereas there was no significant difference in cleaved caspase-9 expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio between the two groups. Furthermore, there was a remarkable decrease in the ratio of phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)/total ERK in the hyperglycemic rats after SAH. CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia aggravated neuronal apoptosis after SAH and was associated with impaired neurological outcomes. Activation of the extrinsic caspase cascade through the ERK signal pathway may contribute to hyperglycemia-mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Chung
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Dar Tzou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Chen Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Luo X, Li L, Xu W, Cheng Y, Xie Z. HLY78 Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis via the LRP6/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1171-1181. [PMID: 32562163 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis is one of the essential mechanisms of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recently, HLY78 has been shown to inhibit apoptosis in tumor cells and embryonic cells caused by carbon ion radiation through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This study was designed to explore the anti-apoptotic role of HLY78 in experimental SAH. The results demonstrated that HLY78 attenuated neuronal apoptosis and the neurological deficits after SAH through the activation of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), which subsequently increased the level of phosphorylated glycogen synthesis kinase 3 beta (p-GSK3β) (Ser9), β-catenin, and Bcl-2, accompanied by a decrease of p-β-catenin, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3. An LRP6 small-interfering ribonucleic acid reversed the effects of HLY78. In conclusion, HLY78 attenuates neuronal apoptosis and improves neurological deficits through the LRP6/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway after SAH in rats. HLY78 is a promising therapeutic agent to attenuate early brain injury after SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Zongyi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of miR-21-5p from mesenchymal stromal cells to neurons alleviates early brain injury to improve cognitive function via the PTEN/Akt pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:363. [PMID: 32404916 PMCID: PMC7220929 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) often suffer from cognitive function impairments even when they have received proper treatment, such as the clipping or coiling of aneurysms, and this causes problems with returning to work and burdens the family. Increasing attention has been paid to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV) as promising therapeutic vesicles for stroke management. In this study, we explored the potential role of MSC-EV in a rat model of SAH. We observed that MSC-EV ameliorated early brain injury (EBI) after SAH by reducing the apoptosis of neurons and that SAH induced an increase in the expression level of miR-21 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In addition, using miRNA profiling and CSF sequencing data from the exRNA Atlas, we demonstrated that EV-derived miR-21 protected neurons from apoptosis and alleviated SAH-induced cognitive dysfunction. The neuroprotective role of MSC-EV was abrogated by miR-21 knockdown or the administration of MK2206, a PTEN/Akt inhibitor. Overall, our results suggest that MSC-EV promotes neuronal survival and alleviates EBI after SAH through transferring miR-21 to recipient neurons.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zeng Q, Lian W, Wang G, Qiu M, Lin L, Zeng R. Pterostilbene induces Nrf2/HO-1 and potentially regulates NF-κB and JNK-Akt/mTOR signaling in ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:192. [PMID: 32269897 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury has a high occurrence rate of 1-4 per 1000 live births and is the leading cause of neurological disabilities. Despite the improvement in neonatal care, the effectiveness of current therapeutic strategies is limited, and thus, additional therapies with better results are of much needed. Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid possessing numerous preventive and therapeutic properties. The current study aimed to assess whether pterostilbene exerted protective effects in neonatal rats against experimentally induced ischemic brain injury. Pterostilbene was administered via oral gavage from postnatal day 3 to day 8. Rat pups that were seven-day-old were exposed to hypoxic-ischemic insult via ligation of the common carotid artery and hypoxic environment exposure. Pterostilbene treatment reduced neuronal loss and infarct volume. Pterostilbene administration regulated the NF-κB pathway, and the levels of inflammatory mediators (Nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were reduced. HI-induced oxidative stress was significantly reduced by pterostilbene, as presented by decreased production of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. Levels of glutathione were enhanced by pterostilbene. Pterostilbene regulated Nrf2/HO-1 and JNK expression and activated the PI3K/Akt-mTOR signals. These findings suggest that pterostilbene is a candidate compound for the treatment of neonatal HI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghuang Zeng
- 1Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital (Group) of Putian University, Putian, 351100 Fujian China
- Department of Pediatric Neurological Rehabilitation, Putian Children's Hospital, Putian, 351100 Fujian China
| | - Wenchang Lian
- 1Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital (Group) of Putian University, Putian, 351100 Fujian China
- Department of Pediatric Neurological Rehabilitation, Putian Children's Hospital, Putian, 351100 Fujian China
| | - Guizhi Wang
- 1Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital (Group) of Putian University, Putian, 351100 Fujian China
- Department of Pediatric Neurological Rehabilitation, Putian Children's Hospital, Putian, 351100 Fujian China
| | - Manping Qiu
- 1Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital (Group) of Putian University, Putian, 351100 Fujian China
- Department of Pediatric Neurological Rehabilitation, Putian Children's Hospital, Putian, 351100 Fujian China
| | - Lingmu Lin
- 1Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital (Group) of Putian University, Putian, 351100 Fujian China
- Department of Pediatric Neurological Rehabilitation, Putian Children's Hospital, Putian, 351100 Fujian China
| | - Renhe Zeng
- 1Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital (Group) of Putian University, Putian, 351100 Fujian China
- Department of Pediatric Neurological Rehabilitation, Putian Children's Hospital, Putian, 351100 Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Intraventricular Medium B Treatment Benefits an Ischemic Stroke Rodent Model via Enhancement of Neurogenesis and Anti-apoptosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6596. [PMID: 32313130 PMCID: PMC7171187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of endogenous neurogenesis after ischemic stroke may improve functional recovery. We previously demonstrated that medium B, which is a combination with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibronectin, can promote neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) proliferation and migration. Here, we showed that medium B promoted proliferation and migration of cultured NSPCs onto various 3-dimentional structures. When rat cortical neurons with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) were co-cultured with NSPCs, medium B treatment increased neuronal viability and reduced cell apoptosis. In a rat model with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), post-insult intraventricular medium B treatment enhanced proliferation, migration, and neuronal differentiation of NSPCs and diminished cell apoptosis in the infarct brain. In cultured post-OGD neuronal cells and the infarct brain from MCAO rats, medium B treatment increased protein levels of Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, phospho-Akt, phospho-GSK-3β, and β-catenin and decreased the cleaved caspase-3 level, which may be associated with the effects of anti-apoptosis. Notably, intraventricular medium B treatment increased neuronal density, improved motor function and reduced infarct size in MCAO rats. In summary, medium B treatment results in less neuronal death and better functional outcome in both cellular and rodent models of ischemic stroke, probably via promotion of neurogenesis and reduction of apoptosis.
Collapse
|
27
|
Goudarzi N, Mohammad Valipour S, Nooritahneh A, Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M, Safari S, Gholami M, Vatandour S, Hekmati M. Pharmacological Evidences for Curcumin Neuroprotective Effects against Lead-Induced Neurodegeneration: Possible Role of Akt/GSK3 Signaling Pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 19:494-508. [PMID: 33680047 PMCID: PMC7758019 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.1101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One of main herbal compounds with neuroprotective effects is curcumin. Lead poisoning cause neurodegeneration effect but its clear mechanism remains unknown. The current study evaluates the role of Akt/GSK3 signaling pathway in mediating the neuroprotective effects of curcumin against lead -induced neurodegeneration in rats. Sixty adult male rats were divided to: Group 1 and 2 receiving normal saline and drinking water containing 0.075% of lead acetate. Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 were treated concurrently with lead acetate (0.075% in drinking water) and Curcumin (10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg I.P, respectively). Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate cognitive activity, Hippocampal oxidative, anti-oxidant, as well as inflammatory and apoptotic factors and also Akt and GSK3 protein levels were studied. We found that lead poisoning disturbed the learning and memory and simultaneous treatment with Curcumin reduced the lead -induced cognition disturbances. In addition, lead acetate treatment increased lipid peroxidation and the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α , Bax, GSK3 (total and phosphorylated) while reducing reduced form of GSH, Bcl-2, and Akt3 (total and phosphorylated) levels in the hippocampus. Lead also reduced the activity of SOD, GPx, and GR in the hippocampus. In contrast, various doses of Curcumin attenuated lead -induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation; while elevating P-Akt and reduced of GSK3 levels. Thus, Curcumin via mediation of Akt/GSK3 signaling pathway confers neuroprotection against lead-induced neurodegeneration in hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Goudarzi
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science University of Minnesota, USA.
| | - Sanaz Mohammad Valipour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Akram Nooritahneh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Safari
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Gholami
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Safieh Vatandour
- Department of Animal science, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Malak Hekmati
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ricci A, Galluzzi L, Magnani M, Menotta M. DDIT4 gene expression is switched on by a new HDAC4 function in ataxia telangiectasia. FASEB J 2019; 34:1802-1818. [PMID: 31914654 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902039r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a rare, severe, and ineluctably progressive multisystemic neurodegenerative disease. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) nuclear accumulation has been related to neurodegeneration in AT. Since treatment with glucocorticoid analogues has been shown to improve the neurological symptoms that characterize this syndrome, the effects of dexamethasone on HDAC4 were investigated. In this paper, we describe a novel nonepigenetic function of HDAC4 induced by dexamethasone, through which it can directly modulate HIF-1a activity and promote the upregulation of the DDIT4 gene and protein expression. This new HDAC4 transcription regulation mechanism leads to a positive effect on autophagic flux, an AT-compromised biological pathway. This signaling was specifically induced by dexamethasone only in AT cell lines and can contribute in explaining the positive effects of dexamethasone observed in AT-treated patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ricci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Luca Galluzzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Michele Menotta
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Takemoto Y, Hasegawa Y, Hayashi K, Cao C, Hamasaki T, Kawano T, Mukasa A, Kim-Mitsuyama S. The Stabilization of Central Sympathetic Nerve Activation by Renal Denervation Prevents Cerebral Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:528-540. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
30
|
Zhang L, Wang H. Long Non-coding RNA in CNS Injuries: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:754-766. [PMID: 31437654 PMCID: PMC6709344 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CNS injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and cerebral ischemic stroke, are important causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. As an important class of pervasive genes involved in many pathophysiological processes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have received attention in the past decades. Multiple studies indicate that lncRNAs are abundant in the CNS and have a key role in brain function as well as many neurological disorders, especially in CNS injuries. Several investigations have deciphered that regulation of lncRNAs exert pro-angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation effects in CNS injury via different molecules and pathways, including microRNA (miRNA), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Notch, and p53. Thus, lncRNAs show great promise as molecular targets in CNS injuries. In this article, we provide an updated review of the current state of our knowledge about the relationship between lncRNAs and CNS injuries, highlighting the specific roles of lncRNAs in CNS injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Qiu P, Liu Y, Zhang J. Recent Advances in Studies of Molecular Hydrogen against Sepsis. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1261-1275. [PMID: 31223285 PMCID: PMC6567800 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.30741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome comprised of a series of life-threatening organ dysfunctions caused by a maladjusted body response to infection with no effective treatment. Molecular hydrogen is a new type of antioxidant with strong free radical scavenging ability, which has been demonstrated to be effective for treating various diseases, such as infection, trauma, poisoning, organ ischemia-reperfusion, metabolic diseases, and tumors. Molecular hydrogen exerts multiple biological effects involving anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-shock, and autophagy regulation, which may attenuate the organ and barrier damage caused by sepsis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive, but are likely related to the signaling pathways involved. This review focuses on the research progress and potential mechanisms of molecular hydrogen against sepsis to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Keshavarzi S, Kermanshahi S, Karami L, Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M, Sadr S. Protective role of metformin against methamphetamine induced anxiety, depression, cognition impairment and neurodegeneration in rat: The role of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways. Neurotoxicology 2019; 72:74-84. [PMID: 30742852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine is a neuro-stimulant with neurodegenerative effects, and ambiguous mechanism of action. Metformin is an antidiabetic agent with neuroprotective properties but not fully understood mechanisms. The present study investigated the molecular basis of metformin neuroprotection against methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration. BRIEF METHOD Sixty adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups: group 1 (received normal saline), group 2 (received 10 mg/kg of methamphetamine) and groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 [received methamphetamine (10 mg/kg) plus metformin (50, 75, 100 and 150 mg/kg) respectively]. Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Open Field Test (OFT), Forced Swim Test (FST), Tail Suspension Test (TST) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) were used to assess the level of anxiety, depression and cognition in experimental animals. Also animals' hippocampus were isolated and oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters and expression of total and phosphorylated forms of cAMP response element binding (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) proteins were evaluated by ELISA method. RESULTS According to the data obtained, methamphetamine caused significant depression, anxiety, motor activity disturbances and cognition impairment in experimental animals. Metformin, in all used doses, decreased methamphetamine induced behavioral disturbances. Also chronic administration of methamphetamine could increase malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-Alpha (TNF-α) and interleukine-1 beta (IL-1β) in rats, while caused reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities. Metformin, especially in high doses, could prevent these malicious effects of methamphetamine. Also Metformin could activate CREB (both forms), BDNF and Akt (both forms) proteins' expression and inhibited GSK3 (both forms) protein expression in methamphetamine treated rats. SIGNIFICANCE According to obtained data, metformin could protect the brain against methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration probably by mediation of CREB/BDNF or Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways. These data suggested that CREB/BDNF or Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways may have a critical role in methamphetamine induced neurotoxicity and/or neuroprotective effects of metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Keshavarzi
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Iran Psychiatric Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Kermanshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Karami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Iran Psychiatric Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Sadr
- Research and Development Department, Parsian-Exir-Aria pharmaceutical Company, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xu B, Wang T, Xiao J, Dong W, Wen HZ, Wang X, Qin Y, Cai N, Zhou Z, Xu J, Wang H. FCPR03, a novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through activation of the AKT/GSK3β/ β-catenin signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:234-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
34
|
Apelin-13 attenuates early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage via suppressing neuronal apoptosis through the GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
35
|
Rahimi Borumand M, Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M, Gholami M. Duloxetine by Modulating the Akt/GSK3 Signaling Pathways Has Neuroprotective Effects against Methamphetamine-Induced Neurodegeneration and Cognition Impairment in Rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 44:146-154. [PMID: 30936601 PMCID: PMC6423432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroprotective effects of duloxetine, as an antidepressant agent, and the neurodegenerative effects of methamphetamine have been shown in previous studies. Nonetheless, their exact neurochemical and behavioral effects are still unclear. In the current study, we sought to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects of duloxetine against methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration. METHODS Forty adult male rats were divided randomly into 5 groups. Group 1 was the negative control and received normal saline, Group 2 was the positive control and received methamphetamine, and Groups 3, 4, and 5 were concurrently treated with methamphetamine (10 mg/kg) and duloxetine (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, respectively). All the treatments were continued for 21 days. Between days 17 and 21, the Morris Water Maze (MWM) was used to assess learning and memory in the treated groups. On day 22, the hippocampus was isolated from each rat and oxidative, antioxidant, and inflammatory factors were measured. Additionally, the expression levels of the total and phosphorylated forms of the Akt and GSK3 proteins were evaluated via the ELISA method. RESULTS Duloxetine in all the administered doses ameliorated the effects of the methamphetamine-induced cognition impairment in the MWM. The chronic abuse of methamphetamine increased malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β, while it decreased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities. Duloxetine not only prevented these malicious effects of methamphetamine but also activated the expression of Akt (both forms) and inhibited the expression of GSK3 (both forms) in the methamphetamine-treated rats. CONCLUSION We conclude that the Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways might have a critical role in the protective effects of duloxetine against methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration and cognition impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrasa Rahimi Borumand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterial Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Mina Gholami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Motaghinejad M, Safari S, Feizipour S, Sadr S. Crocin may be useful to prevent or treatment of alcohol induced neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral sequels via modulation of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK signaling pathway. Med Hypotheses 2019; 124:21-25. [PMID: 30798909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral consequences of alcohol are serious and offering therapeutic approaches for management of these types of neurodegeneration is one of the main concerns of researchers in this manner. Alcohol-stimulated oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation, with modulation of involved signaling pathway in neuroprotection, was reported previously. Neuroprotective strategy for management of alcohol induced neurodegeneration through a new generation neuroprotective agent and based on modulation of some neuroprotective signaling pathway such as CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK has always been superior to any other therapeutic interventions. Therefore, the introduction and development of potential new neuroprotective properties and clarification of their effects on major cell signaling such as CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK is necessitated. During recent years, using new neuroprotective compounds with therapeutic probability for treatment of alcohol induced neuro-biochemical and neuro-behavioral malicious effects have been amazingly increased. Many previous studies have reported the neuroprotective roles of crocin (major active component of saffron) in multiple neurodegenerative events and diseases in animal model. But the role of crocin neuroprotective effects against alcohol induced neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral sequels and also role of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK in this manner remain unclear. Hence we hypothesized that by using crocin in alcohol dependent subject it would provide neuroprotection against alcohol induced neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral and probably can manage sequels of alcohol abuses. Also we hypothesized that crocin, via intonation of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK signaling pathway, can inhibit alcohol induced neurodegeneration. In this article, we tried to discuss our hypothesis regarding the possible role of crocin, as a potent neuroprotective agent, and also role of Akt/GSK and CREB/BDNF signaling pathway in treatment of alcohol induced neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral through its anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative stress and cognitive enhancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Motaghinejad
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Iran Psychiatric Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Safari
- Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Feizipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Sadr
- Research and Development Department, Parsian-Exir-Aria pharmaceutical Company, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhao L, Zhang JH, Sherchan P, Krafft PR, Zhao W, Wang S, Chen S, Guo Z, Tang J. Administration of rCTRP9 Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis Through AdipoR1/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway after ICH in Mice. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:756-766. [PMID: 30642187 PMCID: PMC6686438 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718822809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may be an important therapeutic strategy for ICH patients. Emerging evidence indicates that C1q/TNF-Related Protein 9 (CTRP9), a newly discovered adiponectin receptor agonist, exerts neuroprotection in cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-apoptotic role of CTRP9 after experimental ICH and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. ICH was induced in mice via intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase. Recombinant CTRP9 (rCTRP9) was administrated intranasally at 1 h after ICH. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, adiponectin receptor1 small interfering ribonucleic acid (AdipoR1 siRNA) and selective PI3 K inhibitor LY294002 were administered prior to rCTRP9 treatment. Western blots, neurofunctional assessments, immunofluorescence staining, and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining experiments were performed. Administration of rCTRP9 significantly improved both short- and long-term neurofunctional behavior after ICH. RCTRP9 treatment significantly increased the expression of AdipoR1, PI3 K, p-Akt, and Bcl-2, while at the same time was found to decrease the expression of Bax in the brain, which was reversed by inhibition of AdipoR1 and PI3 K. The neuroprotective effect of rCTRP9 after ICH was mediated by attenuation of neuronal apoptosis via the AdipoR1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; therefore, rCTRP9 should be further evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent for ICH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Paul R Krafft
- 3 Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Sa Wang
- 4 Department of Neurology, Affilicated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengpan Chen
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,5 Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Zaiyu Guo
- 1 Department of Neurology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu J, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Li X, Qian X, Tao W, Jin L, Zhao J. Bax inhibitor-1 suppresses early brain injury following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2891-2902. [PMID: 30226536 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an important cause of high mortality and poor prognosis in SAH. B‑cell lymphoma 2‑associated X protein inhibitor‑1 (BI‑1) is an evolutionarily conserved antiapoptotic protein that is primarily located in the membranes of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). BI‑1 has been studied in certain nervous system‑associated diseases, but the role of this protein in SAH remains unclear. In the present study, the role of BI‑1 in EBI following SAH was investigated in rat models and its associated mechanisms were examined. The SAH rat model was generated by inserting nylon cords into the internal carotid artery from the external carotid artery. Samples were assessed using neurological scores, brain water content measurements, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, blood‑brain barrier (BBB) permeability, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‑mediated dUTP nick‑end labeling and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, and western blot analyses. It was identified that the mRNA and protein levels of BI‑1 decreased markedly and were lowest at 24 h after SAH. BI‑1 overexpression and small hairpin RNA (shRNA)‑mediated silencing markedly suppressed or severely exacerbated EBI following SAH, respectively. BI‑1 overexpression in the SAH model improved neurological scores and decreased the brain water content, BBB permeability and levels of apoptosis compared with the control and sham groups following SAH. BI‑1 shRNA in the SAH model demonstrated contrary results. In addition, the mRNA or protein expression levels of ER stress‑associated genes (glucose regulated protein, 78 kDa, C/EBP homologous protein, Serine/threonine‑protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1, c‑Jun N terminal kinases and apoptotic signaling kinase‑1) were markedly suppressed or increased following BI‑1 overexpression and shRNA‑mediated silencing, respectively. The present study suggested that BI‑1 serves a neuroprotective role in EBI following SAH by attenuating BBB disruption, brain edema and apoptosis mediated by ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yueting Zhang
- Very Important Person Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, P.R. China
| | - Xiying Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Lide Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen C, Zhou F, Zeng L, Jiang Z, Hu Z. Methylene blue offers neuroprotection after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats through the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5304-5318. [PMID: 30216439 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and apoptosis are two key factors contributing to secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In the present study, we explored the neuroprotective role of methylene blue (MB) in ICH rats and studied the potential mechanisms involved. Rats were subjected to local injection of collagenase IV in the striatum or sham surgery. We observed that MB treatment could exert a neuroprotective effect on ICH by promoting neurological scores, decreasing the brain water content, alleviating brain-blood barrier disruption, and improving the histological damages in the perihematomal areas. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the various mechanisms underlying MB's neuroprotective effects linked to inhibited apoptosis and inhibited neuroinflammation. In addition, wortmannin, a selective inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), could reverse the antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of MB, which suggested that the PI3K-Akt pathway played an important role. In conclusion, these data suggested that MB could inhibit apoptosis and ameliorate neuroinflammation after ICH, and its neuroprotective effects might be exerted via the activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liuwang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jakovac H, Grubić Kezele T, Radošević-Stašić B. Expression Profiles of Metallothionein I/II and Megalin in Cuprizone Model of De- and Remyelination. Neuroscience 2018; 388:69-86. [PMID: 30025861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Copper chelator cuprizone (CPZ) is neurotoxicant, which selectively disrupts oligodendroglial respiratory chain, leading to oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis. Demyelination is, however, followed by spontaneous remyelination owing to the activation of intrinsic CNS repair mechanisms. To explore the participation of metallothioneins (MTs) in these processes, in this study we analyzed the expression profiles of MT-I/II and their receptor megalin (low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein-2) in the brain of mice subjected to different protocols of CPZ feeding. Experiments were performed in female C57BL/6 mice fed with 0.25% CPZ during 1, 3 and 5 weeks. They were sacrificed immediately after feeding with CPZ or 2 weeks after the withdrawal of CPZ. The data showed that CPZ-induced demyelination was followed by high astrogliosis and enhanced expression of MTs and megalin in white (corpus callosum and internal capsule) and gray matter of the brain (cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum). Moreover, in numerous cortical neurons and progenitor cells the signs of MT/megalin interactions and Akt1 phosphorylation was found supporting the hypothesis that MTs secreted from the astrocytes might directly affect the neuronal differentiation and survival. Furthermore, in mice treated with CPZ for 5 weeks the prominent MTs and megalin immunoreactivities were found on several neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitors in subgranular zone of dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of lateral ventricles pointing to high modulatory effect of MTs on adult neuro- and oligodendrogenesis. The data show that MT I/II perform important cytoprotective and growth-regulating functions in remyelinating processes activated after toxic demyelinating insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Jakovac
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51 000 RIJEKA, Croatia
| | - Tanja Grubić Kezele
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51 000 RIJEKA, Croatia
| | - Biserka Radošević-Stašić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51 000 RIJEKA, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim W, Lee SH, Ahn YJ, Lee SH, Ryu J, Choi SK, Choi S. A label-free cellulose SERS biosensor chip with improvement of nanoparticle-enhanced LSPR effects for early diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced complications. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 111:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
42
|
Tu L, Wang Y, Chen D, Xiang P, Shen J, Li Y, Wang S. Protective Effects of Notoginsenoside R1 via Regulation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR/JNK Pathway in Neonatal Cerebral Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1210-1226. [PMID: 29696512 PMCID: PMC5996020 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is a predominant phytoestrogen extracted from Panax notoginseng that has recently been reported to play important roles in the treatment of cardiac dysfunction, diabetic kidney disease, and acute liver failure. Studies have suggested that NGR1 may be a viable treatment of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonates by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress via estrogen receptors (ERs). However, whether NGR1 has other neuroprotective mechanisms or long-term neuroprotective effects is unclear. In this study, oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in primary cortical neurons and unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery (CCL) in 7-day-old postnatal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats followed by exposure to a hypoxic environment were used to mimic an HIBD episode. We assessed the efficacy of NGR1 by measuring neuronal damage with MTT assay and assessed brain injury by TTC staining and brain water content detection 24–48 h after OGD/HIE. Simultaneously, we measured the long-term neurophysiological effects using the beam walking test (5 weeks after HI) and Morris water maze test 5–6 weeks after HI. Expression of PI3K-Akt-mTOR/JNK (24 h after HI or OGD/R) proteins was detected by Western blotting after stimulation with HI, NGR1, LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), 740Y-P (PI3K agonist), or ICI 182780(estrogen receptors inhibitor). The results indicated that NGR1 exerted neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and promoting cell survival via the PI3K-Akt-mTOR/JNK signaling pathways by targeting ER in neonatal hypoxic–ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tu
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Di Chen
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shali Wang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Du G, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Li Z, Tian Y, Liu Z, Liu B, Song J. Quercetin protects rat cortical neurons against traumatic brain injury. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7859-7865. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 060000, P.R. China
| | - Yonghan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Zonghao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Yaohui Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Cangzhou, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li X, Peng J, Pang J, Wu Y, Huang X, Li Y, Zhou J, Gu L, Sun X, Chen L, Vitek MP, Jiang Y. Apolipoprotein E-Mimetic Peptide COG1410 Promotes Autophagy by Phosphorylating GSK-3β in Early Brain Injury Following Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:127. [PMID: 29556174 PMCID: PMC5844970 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
COG1410, a mimetic peptide derived from the apolipoprotein E (apoE) receptor binding region, exerts positive effect on neurological deficits in early brain injury (EBI) after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Currently the neuroprotective effect of COG1410 includes inhibiting BBB disruption, reducing neuronal apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. However, the effect and mechanism of COG1410 to subcellular organelles disorder have not been fully investigated. As the main pathway for recycling long-lived proteins and damaged organelles, neuronal autophagy is activated in SAH and exhibits neuroprotective effects by reducing the insults of EBI. Pharmacologically elevated autophagy usually contributes to alleviated brain injury, while few of the agents achieved clinical transformation. In this study, we explored the activation of autophagy during EBI by measuring the Beclin-1 and LC3B-II protein levels. Administration of COG1410 notably elevated the autophagic markers expression in neurons, simultaneously reversed the neurological deficits. Furthermore, the up-regulated autophagy by COG1410 was further promoted by p-GSK-3β agonist, whereas decreased by p-GSK-3β inhibitor. Taken together, these data suggest that the COG1410 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for EBI via promoting autophagy in SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinshen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Michael P Vitek
- Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Qian C, Jin J, Chen J, Li J, Yu X, Mo H, Chen G. SIRT1 activation by resveratrol reduces brain edema and neuronal apoptosis in an experimental rat subarachnoid hemorrhage model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9627-9635. [PMID: 29039533 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Early brain injury is considered to be a major risk that is related to the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In SAH model rats, brain edema and apoptosis have been closely related with death rate and neurological function. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was reported to be involved in apoptosis in cerebral ischemia and brain tumor formation through p53 deacetylation. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of SIRT1 in a rat endovascular perforation model of SAH. The SIRT1 activator resveratrol (RES) was administered 48 h prior to SAH induction and the SIRT1 inhibitor Sirtinol (SIR) was used to reverse the effects of RES on SIRT1 expression. Mortality rate, neurological function and brain water content were measured 24 h post‑SAH induction. Proteins associated with the blood brain barrier (BBB), apoptosis and SIRT1 in the cortex, such as zona occludens 1 (ZO‑1), occludin, claudin‑5, SIRT1, p53 and cleaved caspase3 were investigated. mRNA expression of the p53 downstream molecules including Bcl‑associated X protein, P53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis, Noxa and BH3 interacting‑domain death agonist were also investigated. Neuronal apoptosis was also investigated by immunofluorescence. RES pretreatment reduced the mortality rate and improved neurological function, which was consistent with reduced brain water content and neuronal apoptosis; these effects were partially reversed by co‑treatment with SIR. SIRT1 may reduce the brain water content by improvement of dysfunctional BBB permeability, and protein analysis revealed that both ZO‑1, occludin and claudin‑5 may be involved, and these effects were reversed by SIRT1 inhibition. SIRT1 may also affect apoptosis post‑SAH through p53 deacetylation, and the analysis of p53 related downstream pro‑apoptotic molecules supported this hypothesis. Localization of neuron specific apoptosis revealed that SIRT1 may regulate neuronal apoptosis following SAH. SIRT1 may also ease brain edema and neuronal protection through BBB improvement and p53 deacetylation. SIRT1 activators such as RES may have the potential to improve the prognosis of patients with SAH and clinical research should be investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Qian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jianxiang Jin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jingyin Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jianru Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Hangbo Mo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Exendin-4 attenuates neuronal death via GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt pathway in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Neuropharmacology 2017; 128:142-151. [PMID: 28986282 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis is considered to be a crucial therapeutic target against early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Emerging evidence indicates that Exendin-4 (Ex-4), a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, plays a neuroprotective role in cerebrovascular disease. This study was conducted in order to verify the neuroprotective role of EX-4 in EBI after SAH in rats. The endovascular perforation model of SAH was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 153). Ex-4 was intraperitoneally injected 1 h after SAH induction in the rats (SAH + Ex-4). To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism, small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) for GLP-1R and a specific inhibitor of PI3K, LY294002, were injected intracerebroventricularly into SAH + Ex-4 rats before induction of SAH (n = 6 per group). SAH grading evaluation, immunohistochemistry, Western blots, neurobehavioral assessment, and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining experiments were performed. Expression of GLP-1R was significantly increased and mainly expressed in neurons at 24 h after SAH induction. Administration of Ex-4 significantly improved both short- and long-term neurobehavior in SAH + Ex-4 group compared to SAH + Vehicle group after SAH. Ex-4 treatment significantly increased the expression of GLP-1R, PI3K, p-Akt, Bcl-xl, and Bcl-2, while at the same time was found to decrease expression of Bax in the brain. Effects of Ex-4 were reversed by the intervention of GLP-1R siRNA and LY294002 in SAH + Ex-4+GLP-1R siRNA and SAH + Ex-4+LY294002 groups, respectively. In conclusion, the neuroprotective effect of Ex-4 in EBI after SAH was mediated by attenuation of neuronal apoptosis via GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, therefore EX-4 should be further investigated as a potential therapeutic agent in stroke patients.
Collapse
|
47
|
Fan R, Enkhjargal B, Camara R, Yan F, Gong L, ShengtaoYao, Tang J, Chen Y, Zhang JH. Critical role of EphA4 in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rat. Exp Neurol 2017; 296:41-48. [PMID: 28698029 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) is reported as a primary cause of mortality in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. Eph receptor A4 (EphA4) has been associated with blood-brain barrier integrity and pro-apoptosis. We aimed to investigate a role of EphA4 in EBI after SAH. One hundred and seventy-nine male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham versus endovascular perforation model of SAH groups. SAH grade, neurological score, Evans blue dye extravasation, brain water content, mortality, Fluoro-Jade staining, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot experiments were performed after SAH. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for EphA4, recombinant Ephexin-1 (rEphx-1), and Fasudil, a potent ROCK2 inhibitor, were used for intervention to study a role of EphA4 on EBI after SAH. The expression of EphA4, Ephexin-1, RhoA, and ROCK2 significantly increased after SAH. Knockdown of EphA4 using EphA4 siRNA injection intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v) reduced Evans blue extravasation, decreased brain water content, and alleviated neurobehavioral dysfunction after SAH. Additionally, the expression of Ephexin-1, RhoA, ROCK2 and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased. Tight junction proteins increased, and apoptotic neuron death decreased. The effects of EphA4 siRNA were abolished by rEphx-1. In contrast, Fasudil abolished the effects of rEphx-1. These results suggest that EphA4, a novel and promising target for treatment, exacerbates EBI through an Ephexin-1/ROCK2 pathway after SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Budbazar Enkhjargal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Richard Camara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - ShengtaoYao
- Department of cerebrovascular, the Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Neuroprotective effect of breviscapine on traumatic brain injury in rats associated with the inhibition of GSK3β signaling pathway. Brain Res 2017; 1660:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
49
|
Ding H, Wang H, Zhu L, Wei W. Ursolic Acid Ameliorates Early Brain Injury After Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice by Activating the Nrf2 Pathway. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:337-346. [PMID: 27734181 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated oxidative stress and inflammatory injury as significant contributors to the secondary damage associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Ursolic acid (UA) has been demonstrated to exert anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on cerebral ischemia by activating the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. However, the effects of UA on TBI remain unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential roles of UA in the activation of the Nrf2 pathway using an experimental TBI model and the underlying mechanism. Wild-type (WT) and Nrf2(-/-) mice were divided into eight groups: (1) sham; (2) TBI; (3) TBI + vehicle; (4) TBI + 50 mg/kg UA; (5) TBI + 100 mg/kg UA; (6) TBI + 150 mg/kg UA; (7) TBI + Nrf2(-/-) + vehicle; (8) TBI + Nrf2(-/-) + UA. All mice underwent the TBI with the exception of the sham group. The neurologic outcomes of the mice were evaluated at 24 h after TBI, as well as the expression of Nrf2, NQO1, HO1,SOD, GPx, and MDA. Treatment of UA significantly ameliorated brain edema and the neurological insufficiencies after TBI. In addition, UA treatment markedly strengthened the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 protein and increased the expression of NQO1 and HO1. Moreover, UA significantly increased the expression of AKT, an Nrf2 upstream factor, suggesting that UA play a neuroprotective role through the activation of the Nrf2-ARE signal pathway. On the contrary, UA showed no neuroprotective effect on the Nrf2(-/-) mice. These data indicated that UA increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and attenuated brain injury via Nrf2 factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuting Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Du G, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Li Z, Tian Y, Liu Z, Liu B, Song J. Quercetin attenuates neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in rat traumatic brain injury model via activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Neurol Res 2016; 38:1012-1019. [PMID: 27690831 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1240393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuronal autophagy and apoptosis play an irreplaceable role in brain injury pathogenesis and may represent a hopeful target for treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated that administration of quercetin-attenuated brain damage in a variety of brain injury models including traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, whether PI3K/Akt signaling pathway mediates the neuroprotection of quercetin following TBI is not well clarified. We sought to propose a hypothesis that quercetin could attenuate neuronal autophagy and apoptosis via enhancing PI3K/Akt signaling. METHODS All rats were randomly arranged into four groups as follows: sham group (n = 25), TBI group (n = 25), TBI + quercetin group (n = 25), TBI + quercetin + LY294002 group (n = 25). Quercetin (Sigma, USA, dissolved in 0.9% saline solution) was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg at 30 min, 12 h, and 24 h after TBI. The neurological impairment and spatial cognitive function was assessed by the neurologic severity score and Morris water maze, respectively. Immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of LC3, p-Akt, caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax. RESULTS Quercetin treatment significantly attenuated TBI-induced neurological impairment (1-3 days, p < 0.05) and improved cognitive function (5-8 days, p < 0.05). Double immunolabeling demonstrated that quercetin significantly reduced the LC3-positive cells co-labeled with NeuN, whereas significantly enhanced p-Akt-positive cells co-labeled with NeuN. Furthermore, quercetin treatment reduced the expression of LC3、caspase-3 and Bax levels induced following TBI (p < 0.05), and increased the expression of p-Akt and Bcl-2 at 48 h (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, our observations indicate that post-injury treatment with quercetin could inhibit neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in the hippocampus in a rat model of TBI. The neuroprotective effects of quercetin may be related to modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Du
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Central Hospital of Cangzhou , Cangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghan Chen
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Central Hospital of Cangzhou , Cangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghao Li
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Central Hospital of Cangzhou , Cangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaohui Tian
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Central Hospital of Cangzhou , Cangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Central Hospital of Cangzhou , Cangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Central Hospital of Cangzhou , Cangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Song
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Central Hospital of Cangzhou , Cangzhou , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|