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Endothelial Progenitor Cells: An Appraisal of Relevant Data from Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312874. [PMID: 34884679 PMCID: PMC8657735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into circulation from bone marrow is well known to be present in several clinical settings, including acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. The aim of this review was to explore the current literature focusing on the great opportunity that EPCs can have in terms of regenerative medicine.
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Mobilization of progenitor cells and vessel healing after implantation of SYNERGY in acute coronary syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17315. [PMID: 34453096 PMCID: PMC8397756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to compare the vascular healing process of a SYNERGY stent with that of a PROMUS PREMIER stent in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In 71 patients with ACS, undergoing coronary stent implantation using the SYNERGY stent (n = 52) or PROMUS PREMIER stent (n = 19), we measured circulating CD34+/CD133+/CD45null cells and CD34+/KDR+ cells and observed vascular healing at the stented sites using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and coronary angioscopy. On the day 7, circulating CD34+/CD133+/CD45null cells increased in SYNERGY group (P < 0.0001), while it did not change in PROMUS group. The CD34+/KDR+ cells also increased in SYNERGY group (P < 0.0001) but less significantly in the PROMUS group (P < 0.05). The OCT-based neointimal thickness (P < 0.0005) and neointimal coverage rate (P < 0.05) at 12 months were greater in SYNERGY group, compared with PROMUS group. The coronary angioscopy-based neointimal coverage grade at 12 months was also greater in SYNERGY group (P < 0.001). In overall patients, the change in CD34+/KDR+ cells on the day 7 correlated with the OCT-based neointimal thickness at 12 months (R = 0.288, P < 0.05). SYNERGY stent seems to have potential advantages over PROMUS PREMIER stent for ACS patients in terms of vascular healing process at the stented sites.
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Anderson DEJ, Truong KP, Hagen MW, Yim EKF, Hinds MT. Biomimetic modification of poly(vinyl alcohol): Encouraging endothelialization and preventing thrombosis with antiplatelet monotherapy. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:291-299. [PMID: 30639349 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has shown promise as a biomaterial for cardiovascular application. However, its antifouling properties prevent in vivo endothelialization. This work examined the endothelialization and thrombogenicity of modified PVA with different concentrations of proteins and adhesion peptides: collagen, laminin, fibronectin, GFPGER, YIGSR, and cRGD. Material surface properties were quantified, and the endothelialization potential was determined with human endothelial colony forming cells. Additionally, platelet attachment was assessed in vitro with human platelet rich plasma, and promising samples were tested in an ex vivo shunt model. This well-established arteriovenous shunt model was used with and without clinically-relevant antiplatelet therapies, specifically acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) with and without clopidogrel to examine the minimum necessary treatment to prevent thrombosis. Collagen, laminin, and GFPGER biomolecules increased endothelialization, with GFPGER showing the greatest effect at the lowest concentrations. GFPGER-PVA tubes tested under whole blood did exhibit an increase in platelet (but not fibrin) attachment compared to plain PVA and clinical controls. However, application of ASA monotherapy reduced the thrombogenicity of GFPGER-PVA below the clinical control with the ASA. This work is significant in developing cardiovascular biomaterials-increasing endothelialization potential while reducing bleeding side effects by using an antiplatelet monotherapy, typical of clinical patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We modified the endothelialization potential of synthetic, hydrogel vascular grafts with proteins and peptides of the vascular tissue matrix. Cell attachment was dramatically increased with the GFPGER peptide, and while some additional platelet attachment was seen under flow with whole blood, this was completely knocked down using clinical antiplatelet monotherapy. This indicates that long-term patency of this biomaterial could be improved without the associated bleeding risk of multiple platelet therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre E J Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Katie P Truong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Matthew W Hagen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Monica T Hinds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave., Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Drapeau C, Benson KF, Jensen GS. Rapid and selective mobilization of specific stem cell types after consumption of a polyphenol-rich extract from sea buckthorn berries ( Hippophae) in healthy human subjects. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:253-263. [PMID: 30787601 PMCID: PMC6368418 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s186893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a proanthocyanidin-rich extract of sea buckthorn berry (SBB-PE) on the numbers of various types of adult stem cells in the blood circulation of healthy human subjects. Study design and methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial was conducted in 12 healthy subjects. Blood samples were taken immediately before and at 1 and 2 hours after consuming either placebo or 500 mg SBB-PE. Whole blood was used for immunophenotyping and flow cytometry to quantify the numbers of CD45dim CD34+ CD309+ and CD45dim CD34+ CD309− stem cells, CD45− CD31+ CD309+ endothelial stem cells, and CD45− CD90+ mesenchymal stem cells. Results Consumption of SBB-PE was associated with a rapid and highly selective mobilization of CD45dim CD34+ CD309− progenitor stem cells, CD45− CD31+ CD309+ endothelial stem cells, and CD45− CD90+ lymphocytoid mesenchymal stem cells. In contrast, only minor effects were seen for CD45dim CD34+ CD309+ pluripotential stem cells. Conclusion Consumption of SBB-PE resulted in selective mobilization of stem cell types involved in regenerative and reparative functions. These data may contribute to the understanding of the traditional uses of SBB for preventive health, regenerative health, and postponing the aging process.
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Lo Gullo A, Aragona CO, Scuruchi M, Versace AG, Saitta A, Imbalzano E, Loddo S, Campo GM, Mandraffino G. Endothelial progenitor cells and rheumatic disease modifying therapy. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 108:8-14. [PMID: 29842927 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying the higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease are not completely clarified, but it is likely that a pivotal role is played by vascular inflammation and consequently to altered vascular endothelium homeostasis. Also, high prevalence of traditional risk factors, proatherogenic activation and endothelial dysfunction further contribute to vascular damage. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can restore dysfunctional endothelium and protect against atherosclerotic vascular disease. However, abnormalities in number and function of these cells in patients with rheumatic condition have been extensively reported. During the last years, growing interest in the mechanisms of endothelial renewal and its potential as a therapy for CVD has been shown; in addition, pioneering studies show that EPC dysfunction might be improved with pharmacological strategies. However, how to restore EPC function, and whether achieving this aim may be effective in preventing cardiovascular complications in rheumatic disease, remain to be established. In this review we report an overview on the current stand of knowledge on the effect of pharmaceutical and lifestyle intervention in improving EPCs number and function in rheumatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lo Gullo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy.
| | | | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Saverio Loddo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
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Tatsidou PT, Chantzichristos VG, Tsoumani ME, Sidiropoulou S, Ntalas IV, Goudevenos JA, Stellos K, Tselepis AD. Circulating progenitor cells and their interaction with platelets in patients with an acute coronary syndrome. Platelets 2018; 30:314-321. [PMID: 29451832 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1430355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CD34+ cells expressing KDR (CD34+/KDR+) represent a small proportion of circulating progenitor cells that have the capacity to interact with platelets and to differentiate into mature endothelial cells, thus contributing to vascular homeostasis and regeneration as well as to re-endothelialization. We investigated the levels of CD34+ and CD34+/KDR+ progenitor cells as well as their interaction with platelets in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients before the initiation (baseline) of their treatment with a P2Y12 receptor antagonist, and at 5-days post-treatment (follow-up). Sixty-seven consecutive ACS patients and thirty healthy subjects (controls) participated in the study. On admission, all patients received 325 mg aspirin, followed by 100 mg/day and then were loaded either with 600 mg clopidogrel or 180 mg ticagrelor, followed by 75 mg/day (n = 36) or 90 mg × 2/day (n = 31), respectively. The levels of circulating CD34+ and CD34+/KDR+ progenitor cells, as well as their interaction with platelets, were determined by flow cytometry, before and after activation with ADP, in vitro. The circulating levels of CD34+ and CD34+/KDR+ cells in both patient groups at baseline were lower compared with controls while they were significantly increased at 5-days of follow-up in both groups, this increase being more pronounced in the ticagrelor group. The platelet/CD34+ (CD61+/CD34+) conjugates were higher at baseline and reduced at follow-up while the platelet/KDR+ (CD61+/KDR+) conjugates were lower at baseline and increased at follow-up, both changes being more pronounced in the ticagrelor group. ADP activation of control samples significantly increased the KDR expression by CD34+ cells and the CD61+/KDR+ conjugates, these parameters being unaffected in patients at baseline but increased at follow-up. Short-term dual antiplatelet therapy in ACS patients restores the low platelet/KDR+ conjugates and CD34+ cell levels and improves the low membrane expression levels of KDR in these cells, an effect being more pronounced in ticagrelor-treated patients. This may represent a pleiotropic effect of antiplatelet therapy towards vascular endothelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prokopia T Tatsidou
- a Department of Chemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Center/Laboratory of Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Vasileios G Chantzichristos
- a Department of Chemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Center/Laboratory of Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Maria E Tsoumani
- a Department of Chemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Center/Laboratory of Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Sofia Sidiropoulou
- a Department of Chemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Center/Laboratory of Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Ioannis V Ntalas
- b Department of Cardiology , School of Medicine, University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - John A Goudevenos
- b Department of Cardiology , School of Medicine, University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- c Department of Cardiology and Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration , Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , Germany.,d German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhein-Main Partner Site , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Alexandros D Tselepis
- a Department of Chemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Center/Laboratory of Biochemistry , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
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Morrone D, Felice F, Scatena C, De Martino A, Picoi MLE, Mancini N, Blasi S, Menicagli M, Di Stefano R, Bortolotti U, Naccarato AG, Balbarini A. Role of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in the reparative mechanisms of stable ischemic myocardium. Int J Cardiol 2017; 257:243-246. [PMID: 28918896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into circulation from bone marrow in patients with acute myocardial infarction has strong scientific evidence; less is known about EPC mobilization in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of stable ischemic heart disease with EPC levels in tissue and blood. METHODS Fifty-five consecutive patients admitted to a single treatment center for valve or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries were included in the study. Blood samples were collected in the morning before surgery and analyzed by flow-cytometry to determine peripheral EPC levels (EPC/ml). Tissue EPC (CD34+VEGFR2+) levels were assessed on a right atrial appendage segment. RESULTS Mean age was 76±5years, 48% were men, and 53% had CAD The number of CD34+ VEGFR2+ cells in the tissue of patients with CAD was significantly higher (p<0.005) and circulating EPC showed a tendency to be reduced by approximately 20% in peripheral blood of patients with CAD when compared to those without CAD. CONCLUSION Patients with stable CAD had higher EPC density values (EPC/mm2) and were more likely to have lower EPC blood levels when compare with normal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Morrone
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department - Cardiovascular disease Section 2, Pisa, Italy.
| | - F Felice
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department - Cardiovascular disease Section 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Scatena
- Translational Re New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - A De Martino
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department Cardiac-Surgery Section, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - M L E Picoi
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department - Cardiovascular disease Section 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - N Mancini
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department - Cardiovascular disease Section 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Blasi
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department Cardiac-Surgery Section, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - R Di Stefano
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department - Cardiovascular disease Section 2, Pisa, Italy
| | - U Bortolotti
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department Cardiac-Surgery Section, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - A G Naccarato
- Translational Re New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - A Balbarini
- Surgery, medicine, molecular and critical area Department - Cardiovascular disease Section 2, Pisa, Italy
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Boltze J, Nitzsche F, Jolkkonen J, Weise G, Pösel C, Nitzsche B, Wagner DC. Concise Review: Increasing the Validity of Cerebrovascular Disease Models and Experimental Methods for Translational Stem Cell Research. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1141-1153. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Boltze
- Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology; Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Cell Technology; Lübeck Germany
- Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Franziska Nitzsche
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Radiology; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania USA
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- Department of Neurology; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Gesa Weise
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Neurology; University of Leipzig; Germany
| | - Claudia Pösel
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Björn Nitzsche
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; University Hospital Leipzig; Germany
| | - Daniel-Christoph Wagner
- Department of Cell Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz; Germany
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Mandraffino G, Aragona CO, Cairo V, Scuruchi M, Lo Gullo A, D’Ascola A, Alibrandi A, Loddo S, Quartuccio S, Morace C, Mormina E, Basile G, Saitta A, Imbalzano E. Circulating progenitor cells in hypertensive subjects: Effectiveness of a treatment with olmesartan in improving cell number and miR profile in addition to expected pharmacological effects. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173030. [PMID: 28301500 PMCID: PMC5354372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD34+ circulating progenitor cells (CD34+CPCs) are a population of multipotent cells which can delay the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in conditions of increased CV risk. MicroRNAs (miRs) 221 and 222 modulate different genes regulating angiogenesis and inflammation; moreover, miR221/22 have beenshown to participate in differentiation and proliferation of CD34+CPCs, inhibiting cell migration and homing. miR221/222 in CD34+CPCs from hypertensive subjects are also increased and associated with CD34+cell number and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We evaluated CD34+CPC number, intracellular miR221/222 and ROS levels, arterial stiffness (AS)and echocardiography indices at baseline (T0).Then, after a six-month treatment with olmesartan, 20 mg/day (T1), in 57 hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and with no additional risk factor for CVD, and in 29 healthy controls (baseline),fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and lipid profiles were also evaluated.At T1, blood pressure values, CRP and fibrinogen levels, ROS and miR221/222 were significantly decreased (all p <0.001), as were AS indices and LV mass index (p<0.001), while cell number was increased (p<0.001). Olmesartan is effective in reducing miR and ROS levels in CD34+CPCs from hypertensive subjects, as well as in increasing CD34+CPC number, providing multilevel CV protection, in addition to its expected pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Valentina Cairo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Lo Gullo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela D’Ascola
- Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Saverio Loddo
- Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Quartuccio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Morace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enricomaria Mormina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and of Morphologic and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Dalbeni A, Giollo A, Tagetti A, Atanasio S, Orsolini G, Cioffi G, Ognibeni F, Rossini M, Minuz P, Fava C, Viapiana O. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors or inflammation: Which factors accelerate atherosclerosis in arthritis patients? Int J Cardiol 2017; 236:488-492. [PMID: 28109577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis experience an increased incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events. In addition to visualizing atherosclerotic plaques, ultrasound examinations (USs) of the carotid arteries permit the measurement of subclinical markers of atherosclerosis, such as intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid segmental distensibility (cDC). The aims of the study were to identify the determinants of atherosclerosis acceleration (plaques, cIMT and cDC) in a sample of patients suffering from chronic arthritis and to compare these patients with a control group of people with ≤1 traditional risk factor (TRF) for CV disease. METHODS We recruited 137 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 43 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), 28 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 48 healthy volunteers without histories of previous CV events. These patients underwent carotid artery US examinations using dedicated hardware. RESULTS Regression and multivariate analyses demonstrated that only age (p<0.001) was consistently associated with cDC, cIMT and atherosclerotic plaques, both in the entire sample of patients with arthritis and in the subgroup of patients with RA. Among modifiable TRFs for cardiovascular disease, only hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking exhibited associations with some carotid phenotypes, with borderline significance. When patients with RA carrying ≤1 TRF were compared with control subjects carrying ≤1 TRF, only cDC was slightly lower in the RA group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Age is the major determinant of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with different types of arthritis, as the contributions of other TRFs and disease activity and duration indices to the disease seem to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dalbeni
- Division of General Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - A Giollo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Tagetti
- Division of General Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Atanasio
- Division of General Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Orsolini
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Cioffi
- Department of Cardiology, Villa Bianca Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - F Ognibeni
- Department of Cardiology, Villa Bianca Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - M Rossini
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - P Minuz
- Division of General Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - C Fava
- Division of General Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - O Viapiana
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Marosfoi M, Langan ET, Strittmatter L, van der Marel K, Vedantham S, Arends J, Lylyk IR, Loganathan S, Hendricks GM, Szikora I, Puri AS, Wakhloo AK, Gounis MJ. In situ tissue engineering: endothelial growth patterns as a function of flow diverter design. J Neurointerv Surg 2016; 9:994-998. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundVascular remodeling in response to implantation of a tissue engineering scaffold such as a flow diverter (FD) leads to the cure of intracranial aneurysms. We hypothesize that the vascular response is dependent on FD design, and CD34+ progenitor cells play an important role in the endothelialization of the implant.MethodsSixteen rabbit aneurysms were randomly treated with two different single-layer braided FDs made of cobalt–chrome alloys. The FD-48 and FD-72 devices had 48 and 72 wires, respectively. Aneurysm occlusion rate was assessed during the final digital subtraction angiogram at 10, 20, 30, and 60 days (n=2 per device per time point). Implanted vessels were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy for tissue coverage, endothelialization, and immuno-gold labeling for CD34+ cells.ResultsComplete aneurysm occlusion rates were similar between the devices; however, complete or near complete occlusion was more frequently observed in aneurysms with neck ≤4.2 mm (p=0.008). Total tissue coverage at 10 days over the surface of the FD-48 and FD-72 devices was 56.4±11.6% and 76.6±3.6%, respectively. Endothelial cell growth over the surface was time-dependent for the FD-72 device (Spearman's r=0.86, p=0.013) but not for the FD-48 device (Spearman's r=−0.59, p=0.094). The endothelialization score was marginally correlated with the distance from the aneurysm neck for the FD-48 device (Spearman's r=1, p=0.083) but not for the FD-72 device (Spearman's r=0.8, p=0.33). CD34+ cells were present along the entirety of both devices at all time points.ConclusionsThis study gives preliminary evidence that temporal and spatial endothelialization is dependent on FD design. Circulating CD34+ progenitor cells contribute to endothelialization throughout the healing process.
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Chantzichristos VG, Agouridis AP, Moutzouri E, Stellos K, Elisaf MS, Tselepis AD. Effect of rosuvastatin or its combination with omega-3 fatty acids on circulating CD34 + progenitor cells and on endothelial colony formation in patients with mixed dyslipidaemia. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:240-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Cardiovascular Disease. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:8043792. [PMID: 26839569 PMCID: PMC4709789 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8043792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To identify, evaluate, and synthesize evidence on the predictive power of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in cardiovascular disease, through a systematic review of quantitative studies. Data Sources. MEDLINE was searched using keywords related to "endothelial progenitor cells" and "endothelium" and, for the different categories, respectively, "smoking"; "blood pressure"; "diabetes mellitus" or "insulin resistance"; "dyslipidemia"; "aging" or "elderly"; "angina pectoris" or "myocardial infarction"; "stroke" or "cerebrovascular disease"; "homocysteine"; "C-reactive protein"; "vitamin D". Study Selection. Database hits were evaluated against explicit inclusion criteria. From 927 database hits, 43 quantitative studies were included. Data Syntheses. EPC count has been suggested for cardiovascular risk estimation in the clinical practice, since it is currently accepted that EPCs can work as proangiogenic support cells, maintaining their importance as regenerative/reparative potential, and also as prognostic markers. Conclusions. EPCs showed an important role in identifying cardiovascular risk conditions, and to suggest their evaluation as predictor of outcomes appears to be reasonable in different defined clinical settings. Due to their capability of proliferation, circulation, and the development of functional progeny, great interest has been directed to therapeutic use of progenitor cells in atherosclerotic diseases. This trial is registered with registration number: Prospero CRD42015023717.
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Finan A, Richard S. Stimulating endogenous cardiac repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:57. [PMID: 26484341 PMCID: PMC4586501 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The healthy adult heart has a low turnover of cardiac myocytes. The renewal capacity, however, is augmented after cardiac injury. Participants in cardiac regeneration include cardiac myocytes themselves, cardiac progenitor cells, and peripheral stem cells, particularly from the bone marrow compartment. Cardiac progenitor cells and bone marrow stem cells are augmented after cardiac injury, migrate to the myocardium, and support regeneration. Depletion studies of these populations have demonstrated their necessary role in cardiac repair. However, the potential of these cells to completely regenerate the heart is limited. Efforts are now being focused on ways to augment these natural pathways to improve cardiac healing, primarily after ischemic injury but in other cardiac pathologies as well. Cell and gene therapy or pharmacological interventions are proposed mechanisms. Cell therapy has demonstrated modest results and has passed into clinical trials. However, the beneficial effects of cell therapy have primarily been their ability to produce paracrine effects on the cardiac tissue and recruit endogenous stem cell populations as opposed to direct cardiac regeneration. Gene therapy efforts have focused on prolonging or reactivating natural signaling pathways. Positive results have been demonstrated to activate the endogenous stem cell populations and are currently being tested in clinical trials. A potential new avenue may be to refine pharmacological treatments that are currently in place in the clinic. Evidence is mounting that drugs such as statins or beta blockers may alter endogenous stem cell activity. Understanding the effects of these drugs on stem cell repair while keeping in mind their primary function may strike a balance in myocardial healing. To maximize endogenous cardiac regeneration, a combination of these approaches could ameliorate the overall repair process to incorporate the participation of multiple cellular players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Finan
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique United Medical Resource 9214, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1046, Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles, University of Montpellier Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Richard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique United Medical Resource 9214, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1046, Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles, University of Montpellier Montpellier, France
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Lo Gullo A, Mandraffino G, Bagnato G, Aragona CO, Imbalzano E, D’Ascola A, Rotondo F, Cinquegrani A, Mormina E, Saitta C, Versace AG, Sardo MA, Lo Gullo R, Loddo S, Saitta A. Vitamin D Status in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Inflammation, Arterial Stiffness and Circulating Progenitor Cell Number. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134602. [PMID: 26241902 PMCID: PMC4524708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Suboptimal vitamin D status was recently acknowledged as an independent predictor of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality in several clinical settings, and its serum levels are commonly reduced in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Patients affected by RA present accelerated atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with respect to the general population. In RA, it has been reported an impairment of the number and the activity of circulating proangiogenic haematopoietic cells (PHCs), including CD34+, that may play a role in endothelial homeostasis. The purpose of the study is to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and PHCs, inflammatory markers, and arterial stiffening in patients with RA. Methods and Results CD34+ cells were isolated from 27 RA patients and 41 controls. Vitamin D levels, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were also evaluated. CD34+ count and vitamin D levels were lower in RA patients as compared to controls, while fibrinogen, CRP, PWV and cIMT were higher in RA patients. CD34+ cell number appeared to be associated with vitamin D levels, and negatively correlated to fibrinogen and early atherosclerosis markers (PWV and cIMT); vitamin D levels appear also to be inversely associated to fibrinogen. Conclusions RA patients with moderate disease activity presented with low vitamin D levels, low CD34+ cell count, increased PWV and cIMT; we found that vitamin D deficiency is associated to CD34+ cell reduction in peripheral blood, and with fibrinogen levels. This suggests that vitamin D might contribute to endothelial homeostasis in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lo Gullo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Gianluca Bagnato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela D’Ascola
- Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Rotondo
- Department of General Surgery and Oncology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Cinquegrani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and of Morphologic and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enricomaria Mormina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and of Morphologic and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Adriana Sardo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Renato Lo Gullo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Saverio Loddo
- Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Eleftheriou D, Ganesan V, Hong Y, Klein NJ, Brogan PA. Endothelial Repair in Childhood Arterial Ischaemic Stroke with Cerebral Arteriopathy. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2015; 5:68-74. [PMID: 26120323 PMCID: PMC4478301 DOI: 10.1159/000381963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that recurrent arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) in children with cerebral arteriopathy is associated with increased circulating endothelial cells and endothelial microparticles, consistent with ongoing endothelial injury. To date, however, little is known about endothelial repair responses in childhood AIS. We examined the relationship between the number and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and AIS recurrence. Methods Flow cytometry was used to identify peripheral blood mononuclear cells positive for CD34/kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR). In a subgroup of patients (5 in each group selected at random), monocytic EPC function was assessed by colony-forming unit (EPC-CFU) capacity and incorporation into endothelial cell networks in Matrigel. BDNF was measured using ELISA. Results Thirty-five children, aged 12 years (range: 5-16.5; 9 males), with AIS and cerebral arteriopathy were studied; 10 had recurrent AIS. CD34+/KDR+ cells were significantly higher in recurrent AIS compared to non-recurrent AIS patients (p = 0.005) and controls (p = 0.0002). EPC-CFU and EPC incorporation into endothelial cell networks were significantly reduced in recurrent compared to non-recurrent AIS patients (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). Levels of BDNF were significantly higher in recurrent compared to non-recurrent AIS patients (p = 0.0008) and controls (p = 0.0002). Conclusions Children with recurrent AIS and cerebral arteriopathy had increased circulating CD34+/KDR+ cells and BDNF consistent with an endothelial repair response. However, EPC function was impaired. Future studies are needed to examine whether suboptimal endothelial repair contributes to childhood AIS recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying Hong
- Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Kwon SM, Lee JH, Lee SH, Jung SY, Kim DY, Kang SH, Yoo SY, Hong JK, Park JH, Kim JH, Kim SW, Kim YJ, Lee SJ, Kim HG, Asahara T. Cross talk with hematopoietic cells regulates the endothelial progenitor cell differentiation of CD34 positive cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106310. [PMID: 25166961 PMCID: PMC4148437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the crucial role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vascular regeneration, the specific interactions between EPCs and hematopoietic cells remain unclear. METHODS In EPC colony forming assays, we first demonstrated that the formation of EPC colonies was drastically increased in the coculture of CD34+ and CD34- cells, and determined the optimal concentrations of CD34+ cells and CD34- cells for spindle-shaped EPC differentiation. RESULTS Functionally, the coculture of CD34+ and CD34- cells resulted in a significant enhancement of adhesion, tube formation, and migration capacity compared with culture of CD34+ cells alone. Furthermore, blood flow recovery and capillary formation were remarkably increased by the coculture of CD34+ and CD34- cells in a murine hind-limb ischemia model. To elucidate further the role of hematopoietic cells in EPC differentiation, we isolated different populations of hematopoietic cells. T lymphocytes (CD3+) markedly accelerated the early EPC status of CD34+ cells, while macrophages (CD11b+) or megakaryocytes (CD41+) specifically promoted large EPC colonies. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that specific populations of hematopoietic cells play a role in the EPC differentiation of CD34+ cells, a finding that may aid in the development of a novel cell therapy strategy to overcome the quantitative and qualitative limitations of EPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- * E-mail: (SMK); (TA)
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Yun Jung
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Da-Yeon Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Song-Hwa Kang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - So-Young Yoo
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jong-Kyu Hong
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Park
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sun-Jin Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hwi-Gon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Department Regenerative Medicine Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
- * E-mail: (SMK); (TA)
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Circulating progenitor cells in hypertensive patients with different degrees of cardiovascular involvement. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 28:543-50. [PMID: 24553637 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether different degrees of hypertension-related cardiovascular involvement are associated with changes in circulating proangiogenic hematopoietic cell (PHC) numbers and/or phenotypes and/or in the PHC redox system in hypertensive individuals with isolated arterial stiffening (AS) hypertensives or with both carotid intima-media thickening and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) hypertensives. We also evaluated microRNA (miRs) 221 and 222 (miRs221/222) expression in CD34+ cells, the relationship between these miRs and cell number and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase type-1 (GPx-1) and gp91phox-containing nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate-oxidase (NOX2). Proangiogenic hematopoietic cells (PHCs) from hypertensive patients and controls were isolated by flow cytometry. PHCs were higher in hypertensives than in controls but were lower in LVH than in AS hypertensives. In CD34+ cells from AS hypertensives, NOX2, MnSOD, CAT and GPx-1 were overexpressed; ROS, miRs and NOX2 were also increased and were associated with cell number. In LVH, we found an imbalance in the cell redox system; MnSOD showed the highest values, whereas CAT and GPx-1 were lower than in AS hypertensives. Intracellular ROS, miRs and NOX2 were higher and inversely associated with cell number. In AS hypertensives, the redox balance may sustain the increase in PHCs; by contrast, in hypertensives with more advanced lesions, redox imbalance may result in increased oxidative stress and cell reduction.
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Lo Gullo A, Mandraffino G, Sardo MA, D'Ascola A, Mamone F, Loddo S, Alibrandi A, Imbalzano E, Mandraffino R, Mormina E, Saitta C, Lo Gullo R, David A, Saitta A. Circulating progenitor cells in rheumatoid arthritis: association with inflammation and oxidative stress. Scand J Rheumatol 2013; 43:184-93. [PMID: 24313545 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2013.836564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between inflammation, oxidative stress, and circulating progenitor cell (CPC) number and redox equilibrium, vascular lesions and accelerated atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHOD Circulating CD34+ cells were isolated from 33 RA patients and 33 controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mRNA expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase type 1 (GPx-1) antioxidant enzymes, and the gp91phox-containing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase NOX2 were measured in CD34+ cells. C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and arterial stiffness (AS) were also evaluated. We investigated the relationships between inflammatory markers, vascular parameters, cell number, and antioxidant enzymes. RESULTS CD34+ cell number was lower in RA patients than in controls. In CD34+ cells from RA patients, ROS levels, MnSOD mRNA, and NOX2 mRNA were higher, while mRNA expression of GPx-1 and CAT was significantly lower. The AS, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index (AIx) were higher, as was cIMT. CD34+ cell number was inversely correlated with CRP, ROS, PWV, and AIx, and with the CAT/MnSOD and GPx-1/MnSOD ratios. CRP was correlated with MnSOD mRNA, PWV, and AIx but not with CAT and GPx-1 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Our data show a link between inflammation, oxidative stress, and the impairment of the antioxidant system of CPCs and their number, and with arterial stiffness in RA subjects. This could suggest a perspective on the accelerated development of vascular damage and atherosclerosis in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lo Gullo
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Messina , Italy
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Basile DP, Yoder MC. Circulating and tissue resident endothelial progenitor cells. J Cell Physiol 2013; 229:10-6. [PMID: 23794280 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Progenitor cells for the endothelial lineage have been widely investigated for more than a decade, but continue to be controversial since no unique identifying marker has yet been identified. This review will begin with a discussion of the basic tenets originally proposed for proof that a cell displays properties of an endothelial progenitor cell. We then provide an overview of the methods for putative endothelial progenitor cell derivation, expansion, and enumeration. This discussion includes consideration of cells that are present in the circulation as well as cells resident in the vascular endothelial intima. Finally, we provide some suggested changes in nomenclature that would greatly clarify and demystify the cellular elements involved in vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Basile
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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van den Akker NMS, Post MJ. Career switch for EC-CFU to modelling. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:175-7. [PMID: 24057135 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nynke M S van den Akker
- Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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de Boer HC, van Oeveren-Rietdijk AM, Rotmans JI, Dekkers OM, Rabelink TJ, van Zonneveld AJ. Activated platelets correlate with mobilization of naïve CD34(+) cells and generation of CD34(+) /KDR(+) cells in the circulation. A meta-regression analysis. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1583-92. [PMID: 23895310 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow-derived circulating CD34(+) progenitor cells participate in remodeling and repair of the vasculature. Coexpression of the kinase-insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) has been proposed to identify the regenerative capacity. Recently, we provided evidence that the major fraction of circulating CD34(+) /KDR(+) cells is not mobilized from bone marrow, but is generated at sites of vascular injury through interaction with platelets. OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between platelet activation, the recruitment of naïve CD34(+) cells and the generation of CD34(+) /KDR(+) progenitor cells in a broad range of (patho)physiologic conditions, a detailed meta-regression analysis was conducted. METHODS/RESULTS Twenty-eight conditions were found in which the numbers of CD34(+) and/or CD34(+) /KDR(+) cells and the levels of soluble P-selectin, as a marker for in vivo platelet activation, were documented. To combine heterogeneous data from 214 selected articles, results were standardized to a uniform scale by calculating standardized mean differences (SMDs) obtained from patient and control cohorts. Subsequently, a random-effects meta-regression analysis was performed on pooled SMDs. CONCLUSIONS Our systemic survey supports a model in which activated platelets are a determinant for mobilization of CD34(+) cells from the bone marrow and the generation of CD34(+) /KDR(+) cells in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C de Boer
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Tersteeg C, Hoefer IE, Ligtenberg E, Rowland S, Mak-Nienhuis EM, Balang V, Jansen MS, Velema E, de Groot PG, Roest M, Pasterkamp G. Fibronectin/fibrinogen/tropoelastin on a stent to promote CD34 +cell growth does not reduce neointima formation. Interv Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.13.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Stellos K, Bigalke B, Borst O, Pfaff F, Elskamp A, Sachsenmaier S, Zachmann R, Stamatelopoulos K, Schonberger T, Geisler T, Langer H, Gawaz M. Circulating platelet-progenitor cell coaggregate formation is increased in patients with acute coronary syndromes and augments recruitment of CD34+ cells in the ischaemic microcirculation. Eur Heart J 2013; 34:2548-56. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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de Boer HC, van Solingen C, Prins J, Duijs JMGJ, Huisman MV, Rabelink TJ, van Zonneveld AJ. Aspirin treatment hampers the use of plasma microRNA-126 as a biomarker for the progression of vascular disease. Eur Heart J 2013; 34:3451-7. [PMID: 23386708 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) facilitates angiogenesis and regulates endothelial cell function. Recent data suggest that miR-126 can serve as a biomarker for vascular disease. Although endothelial cells are enriched for miR-126, platelets also contain miR-126. In this paper, we investigated the contribution of platelets to the pool of miR-126 in plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) and how this is affected by aspirin. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro platelet activation resulted in the transfer of miR-126 from the platelet to the plasma compartment, which was prevented by aspirin. In vivo platelet activation, monitored in patients with DM2 by measuring soluble P-selectin, correlated directly with circulating levels of miR-126. The administration of aspirin resulted both in platelet inhibition and concomitantly reduced circulating levels of platelet-derived microRNAs including miR-126. CONCLUSION Platelets are a major source of circulating miR-126. Consequently, in patho-physiological conditions associated with platelet activation, such as diabetes type 2, the administration of aspirin may lead to reduced levels of circulating miR-126. Thus, the use of platelet inhibitors should be taken into account when using plasma levels of miR-126 as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetty C de Boer
- Department of Nephrology and the Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Oterino A, Toriello M, Palacio E, Quintanilla VG, Ruiz-Lavilla N, Montes S, Vega MSDL, Martinez-Nieto R, Castillo J, Pascual J. Analysis of endothelial precursor cells in chronic migraine: a case-control study. Cephalalgia 2012; 33:236-44. [PMID: 23223547 DOI: 10.1177/0333102412469737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine has been considered a vascular risk factor especially in young women. Factors predisposing to endothelial damage in migraine are still being debated. The insufficiency of circulating endothelial precursor circulating cells (EPCs) suggested a link between migraine and cardiovascular risk. This research aimed to study a subtype of EPCs, those expressing e-selectin, to assess endothelial activation and, therefore, endothelial dysfunction in migraine. METHODS Consecutive headache patients (n = 99) and 35 adjusted controls were recruited. Total EPCs, defined as CD34+/KDR+ cells, and EPC colony-forming units (CFUs) were assayed. We identified as "early" EPCs those CD62E- EPCs, and "late" EPCs, CD62E+, a surrogate marker for endothelial damage. Plasmatic calcitonin-gene related protein (CGRP) and vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analyzed. RESULTS We did not find differences in the total number of CFUs among clinical groups. Means of total CD34+/KDR+ and "early" EPCs were not significant among clinical groups. Nevertheless, the mean of "late" EPCs was lower (log(10)-transformed mean = 1.715; SD = 0.393) in the control group than in the migraine patients (log(10)-transformed mean = 2.167; SD = 0.685), even after adjustment by VEGF plasma level and other confounding factors. Linear regression analyses disclosed significant predictors for "late" EPCs for controls vs migraine (β = 0.452 SE ± 0.13; p = 0.001). We did not observe differences between migraine with or without aura. CONCLUSION We observed higher number of activated EPCs in migraine patients than in controls. CD62E+ EPCs might be considered a marker for vascular damage in migraine patients.
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Konenkov VI, Pokushalov EA, Poveshchenko OV, Kim II, Romanov AB, Guleva NA, Bernvald VV, Soloviova AO, Yankayte EV, Poveshchenko AF, Karaskov AM. Phenotype of Peripheral Blood Cells Mobilized by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 153:124-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yazdani SK, Nakano M, Otsuka F, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R. Accelerating endothelialization of coronary stents by capturing circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Interv Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.11.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Mandraffino G, Sardo MA, Riggio S, D'Ascola A, Alibrandi A, Saitta C, Versace A, Castaldo M, Mormina E, Imbalzano E, Cinquegrani M, Bonaiuto M, David A, Saitta A. Circulating progenitor cells and the elderly: a seven-year observational study. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:394-400. [PMID: 22449458 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) diseases and related complications are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. CV progenitor cells, including CD34+ cells, play a role in delaying the progression of atherosclerosis. In the present study we observed 100 octogenarians for seven years, in order to address the question of whether CD34+ cell number is a predictor of longevity in selected survivors. We also checked for associations of cell expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase type-1 (GPx-1) antioxidative enzymes, with number of CD34+ progenitor cells and mortality. We found that in very old subjects the number of CD34+ cells at baseline were higher in subjects who reached older age at death or were still living at the end of observation period, with respect to subjects who died from all causes, including CV deaths. On the other hand, HDL-C plasma levels and, with the exception of diabetes, the classic CV risk factors (hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia) showed a loss of their predictive power. A significant association between the redox system of CD34+ cells and mortality was also observed. These data suggest that, even in the elderly, CD34+ cells maintain their role in predicting mortality. CD34+ cells could thus be considered as a biomarker of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Stellos K, Panagiota V, Gnerlich S, Borst O, Bigalke B, Gawaz M. Expression of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C on the Surface of Platelets Supports Adhesion, but not Differentiation, of Human CD34 + Cells in Vitro. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 29:153-62. [DOI: 10.1159/000337596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Klomp M, Beijk MA, Varma C, Koolen JJ, Teiger E, Richardt G, Bea F, van Geloven N, Verouden NJ, Chan YK, Woudstra P, Damman P, Tijssen JG, de Winter RJ. 1-year outcome of TRIAS HR (TRI-stent adjudication study-high risk of restenosis) a multicenter, randomized trial comparing genous endothelial progenitor cell capturing stents with drug-eluting stents. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 4:896-904. [PMID: 21851905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to demonstrate the noninferiority of endothelial progenitor cell capturing stents (ECS) relative to drug-eluting stents (DES) regarding target lesion failure (TLF) and the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion repeat revascularization within 1 year. BACKGROUND A "pro-healing" approach for prevention of in-stent restenosis is theoretically favorable over the use of cytotoxic/cytostatic drugs released from DES to treat coronary artery disease. Promoting accelerated endothelialization of the stent, ECS have shown promising results in studies with patients carrying noncomplex lesions. METHODS We undertook an international, clinical trial in 26 centers planning to randomize 1,300 patients with stable coronary artery disease and with a high risk of restenosis between treatment, with either ECS or DES. After a routine review with 50% of the patients enrolled, early cessation of the trial was recommended by the data and safety monitoring board when TLF in the ECS population was higher and treatment of new patients with an ECS would be unreasonable. RESULTS At 1 year evaluating 304 patients receiving ECS and 318 receiving DES, TLF occurred in 17.4% of the ECS-treated patients and in 7.0% of the DES-treated patients (p = 0.98 for noninferiority). CONCLUSIONS Within 1 year, inhibition of intimal hyperplasia by the ECS is not sufficiently strong to compete with DES in terms of restenosis prevention in patients/lesions with a high risk of restenosis. Furthermore, long-term follow-up is pivotal to fully appreciate the clinical value of ECS, including the effect on late intimal hyperplasia regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Klomp
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Endothelial colony-forming cells show a mature transcriptional response to shear stress. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2011; 48:21-9. [PMID: 22101679 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-011-9470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) play a central role in endothelial maintenance and repair. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) form a subpopulation of EPC. ECFC are readily attainable, can be easily isolated, possess a high proliferation potential, and are therefore a promising source of endothelial cells (EC) for future cardiovascular therapeutic applications. The extent to which these cells respond to shear stress as adult vascular EC remains to be elucidated. Here, we study the transcriptional response of ECFC induced by shear stress and compare it with the response of mature arterial and venous cells. ECFC, as well as human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) and human umbilical artery EC (HUAEC), were subjected to low (0.5 Pa) and high (2.5 Pa) shear stress. The endothelial differentiation phenotype and transcriptional responses were analyzed using immunocytochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). Performing absolute quantification of copy numbers by Q-PCR allows comparing the responses of cell types relative to each other. Our data show that isolated ECFC resemble mature EC in cobblestone morphology and endothelial marker expression. Absolute Q-PCR quantification revealed that although being truly endothelial, ECFC do not fully resemble HUVEC or HUAEC in the expression of specific differentiation markers. When subjected to shear stress, ECFC show a mature response to fluid flow, comparable to that of HUVEC and HUAEC. The capacity of endothelial progenitors to respond to fluid flow in a similar manner to HUVEC and HUAEC highlights the universal response of EC to fluid shear stress, independently of their endothelial differentiation status. This property supports the use of these cells as an EC source for tissue engineering applications.
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van Solingen C, de Boer HC, Bijkerk R, Monge M, van Oeveren-Rietdijk AM, Seghers L, de Vries MR, van der Veer EP, Quax PHA, Rabelink TJ, van Zonneveld AJ. MicroRNA-126 modulates endothelial SDF-1 expression and mobilization of Sca-1(+)/Lin(-) progenitor cells in ischaemia. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 92:449-55. [PMID: 21856785 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS MicroRNA-126 (miR-126), which is enriched in endothelial cells, plays a role in angiogenesis. Based on the seed sequence, miR-126 can also be predicted to regulate vasculogenesis by modulating the endothelial expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). METHODS AND RESULTS Using miR-reporter constructs, we first validated that miR-126 inhibits SDF-1 expression in endothelial cells in vitro. Next, we investigated the potential relevance of this observation with respect to the mobilization of progenitor cells. For this, we studied the migration of human CD34+ progenitor cells towards chemotactic factors present in endothelial cell-conditioned medium. Antagomir-induced silencing of miR-126 elevated SDF-1 expression by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and enhanced migration of the CD34+ cells. In a murine model of hind limb ischaemia, a striking increase in the number of circulating Sca-1(+)/Lin(-) progenitor cells in antagomir-126-treated mice was observed when compared with scramblemir-treated controls. Immunohistochemical staining of capillaries in the post-ischaemic gastrocnemius muscle of miR-126-silenced mice revealed elevated SDF-1 expressing CD31-positive capillaries, whereas a mobilizing effect of miR-126 inhibition was not detected in healthy control animals. CONCLUSION miR-126 can regulate the expression of SDF-1 in endothelial cells. In the context of an ischaemic event, systemic silencing of miR-126 leads to the mobilization of Sca-1(+)/Lin(-) progenitor cells into the peripheral circulation, potentially in response to elevated SDF-1 expression by endothelial cells present in the ischaemic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen van Solingen
- Department of Nephrology, LUMC, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mandraffino G, Sardo MA, Riggio S, Loddo S, Imbalzano E, Alibrandi A, Saitta C, Cinquegrani M, Mormina EM, Saitta A. Circulating progenitor cells are increased in newly diagnosed untreated hypertensive patients with arterial stiffening but normal carotid intima-media thickness. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:876-83. [PMID: 21593737 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circulating progenitor cells (CPCs), including endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), have a key role in endothelium repair. Cellular NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes, including Nox-containing gp91phox, represent a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS); ROS trigger protective signals but may also have detrimental effects. Cellular defenses against ROS include the enzymes manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase type-1 (GPx-1). We investigated the relationships of CPCs with cellular gp91phox, MnSOD, CAT, GPx-1 and ROS levels and with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and stiffness in hypertensives without additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. CPCs from 53 newly diagnosed, untreated hypertensives and from 29 controls were isolated and identified by flow cytometry. gp91phox, MnSOD, CAT, and GPx-1 mRNA and protein expression and ROS generation were evaluated in enriched samples of CD34(+) cells; cIMT and stiffness were assessed. Hypertensives showed higher arterial stiffness (P < 0.001) but no difference in cIMT with respect to controls. ROS generation was slightly increased (P=0.04), whereas gp91phox, MnSOD, CAT and GPx-1 were significantly higher (P < 0.001) with respect to controls, as was CPC number (P < 0.001), but EPCs were no different. CPC and EPC numbers correlated with gp91phox, ROS and fibrinogen (P < 0.001); moreover, gp91phox, MnSOD, CAT and GPx-1 were correlated with CPC number. In early phases of arterial hypertension, before the development of wall thickening and even in the presence of arterial mechanical impairment, CPC number may be increased to maintain an adequate number of EPCs in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Spinetti G, Fortunato O, Kraenkel N, Madeddu P. Close encounters of the third kind: progenitor cells land on the platelet-enriched vascular surface. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:243-4. [PMID: 21248281 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.219097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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