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Gomez SE, Dudum R, Rodriguez F. Inequities in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024:S0033-0620(24)00071-9. [PMID: 38734044 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease (ASCVD) prevention encompasses interventions across the lifecourse: from primordial to primary and secondary prevention. Primordial prevention begins in childhood and involves the promotion of ideal CV health (CVH) via optimizing physical activity, body mass index, blood glucose levels, total cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and sleep while minimizing tobacco use. Primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD thereafter centers around mitigating ASCVD risk factors via medical therapy and lifestyle interventions. Disparities in optimal preventive efforts exist among historically marginalized groups in each of these three prongs of ASCVD prevention. Children and adults with a high burden of social determinants of health also face inequity in preventive measures. Inadequate screening, risk factor management and prescription of preventive therapeutics permeate the care of certain groups, especially women, Black, and Hispanic individuals in the United States. Beyond this, individuals belonging to historically marginalized groups also are much more likely to experience other ASCVD risk-enhancing factors, placing them at higher risk for ASCVD over their lifetime. These disparities translate to worse outcomes, with higher rates of ASCVD and CV mortality among these groups. Possible solutions to promoting equity involve community-based youth lifestyle interventions, improved risk-factor screening, and increasing accessibility to healthcare resources and novel preventive diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia E Gomez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ramzi Dudum
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Fatima Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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Cherian P, Al-Khairi I, Abu-Farha M, Alramah T, Albatineh AN, Alhomaidah D, Safadi F, Ali H, Abdul-Ghani M, Tuomilehto J, Koistinen HA, Al-Mulla F, Abubaker J. Ethnic Variations in the Levels of Bone Biomarkers (Osteoprostegerin, Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand and Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Melanoma Protein B) in People with Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1019. [PMID: 38790981 PMCID: PMC11117910 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is on the rise, fueled by factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyles, socio-economic factors, and ethnic backgrounds. T2D is a multifaceted condition often associated with various health complications, including adverse effects on bone health. This study aims to assess key biomarkers linked to bone health and remodeling-Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand (RANKL), and Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Melanoma Protein B (GPNMB)-among individuals with diabetes while exploring the impact of ethnicity on these biomarkers. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a cohort of 2083 individuals from diverse ethnic backgrounds residing in Kuwait. The results indicate significantly elevated levels of these markers in individuals with T2D compared to non-diabetic counterparts, with OPG at 826.47 (405.8) pg/mL, RANKL at 9.25 (17.3) pg/mL, and GPNMB at 21.44 (7) ng/mL versus 653.75 (231.7) pg/mL, 0.21 (9.94) pg/mL, and 18.65 (5) ng/mL in non-diabetic individuals, respectively. Notably, this elevation was consistent across Arab and Asian populations, except for lower levels of RANKL observed in Arabs with T2D. Furthermore, a positive and significant correlation between OPG and GPNMB was observed regardless of ethnicity or diabetes status, with the strongest correlation (r = 0.473, p < 0.001) found among Arab individuals with T2D. Similarly, a positive and significant correlation between GPNMB and RANKL was noted among Asian individuals with T2D (r = 0.401, p = 0.001). Interestingly, a significant inverse correlation was detected between OPG and RANKL in non-diabetic Arab individuals. These findings highlight dysregulation in bone remodeling markers among individuals with T2D and emphasize the importance of considering ethnic variations in T2D-related complications. The performance of further studies is warranted to understand the underlying mechanisms and develop interventions based on ethnicity for personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Cherian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (P.C.); (I.A.-K.); (M.A.-F.); (T.A.)
| | - Irina Al-Khairi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (P.C.); (I.A.-K.); (M.A.-F.); (T.A.)
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (P.C.); (I.A.-K.); (M.A.-F.); (T.A.)
- Department of Translational Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait;
| | - Tahani Alramah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (P.C.); (I.A.-K.); (M.A.-F.); (T.A.)
| | | | - Doha Alhomaidah
- Department of Population Health, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait;
| | - Fayez Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children Hospital, Akron, OH 44308, USA
| | - Hamad Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Kuwait 15462, Kuwait;
| | - Muhammad Abdul-Ghani
- Department of Translational Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait;
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78030, USA
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (J.T.); (H.A.K.)
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heikki A. Koistinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (J.T.); (H.A.K.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 340, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Translational Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait;
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (P.C.); (I.A.-K.); (M.A.-F.); (T.A.)
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Zhang Y, Ji L, Yang D, Wu J, Yang F. Decoding cardiovascular risks: analyzing type 2 diabetes mellitus and ASCVD gene expression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1383772. [PMID: 38715799 PMCID: PMC11075663 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1383772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background ASCVD is the primary cause of mortality in individuals with T2DM. A potential link between ASCVD and T2DM has been suggested, prompting further investigation. Methods We utilized linear and multivariate logistic regression, Wilcoxon test, and Spearman's correlation toanalyzethe interrelation between ASCVD and T2DM in NHANES data from 2001-2018.The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) wereconducted to identify co-expression networks between ASCVD and T2DM. Hub genes were identified using LASSO regression analysis and further validated in two additional cohorts. Bioinformatics methods were employed for gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, along with the prediction of candidate small molecules. Results Our analysis of the NHANES dataset indicated a significant impact of blood glucose on lipid levels within diabetic cohort, suggesting that abnormal lipid metabolism is a critical factor in ASCVD development. Cross-phenotyping analysis revealed two pivotal genes, ABCC5 and WDR7, associated with both T2DM and ASCVD. Enrichment analyses demonstrated the intertwining of lipid metabolism in both conditions, encompassing adipocytokine signaling pathway, fatty acid degradation and metabolism, and the regulation of adipocyte lipolysis. Immune infiltration analysis underscored the involvement of immune processes in both diseases. Notably, RITA, ON-01910, doxercalciferol, and topiramate emerged as potential therapeutic agents for both T2DM and ASCVD, indicating their possible clinical significance. Conclusion Our findings pinpoint ABCC5 and WDR7 as new target genes between T2DM and ASCVD, with RITA, ON-01910, doxercalciferol, and topiramate highlighted as promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Liu Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Daiwei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Zhu AL, Le AD, Li Y, Palaniappan LP, Srinivasan M, Shah NS, Wong SS, Valero-Elizondo J, Elfassy T, Yang E. Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Asian American Subgroups. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032509. [PMID: 38567660 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDOH) play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular risk factors. We investigated SDOH associations with cardiovascular risk factors among Asian American subgroups. METHODS AND RESULTS We utilized the National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative survey of US adults, years 2013 to 2018. SDOH variables were categorized into economic stability, neighborhood and social cohesion, food security, education, and health care utilization. SDOH score was created by categorizing 27 SDOH variables as 0 (favorable) or 1 (unfavorable). Self-reported cardiovascular risk factors included diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, insufficient physical activity, suboptimal sleep, and nicotine exposure. Among 6395 Asian adults aged ≥18 years, 22.1% self-identified as Filipino, 21.6% as Asian Indian, 21.0% as Chinese, and 35.3% as other Asian. From multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, each SD increment of SDOH score was associated with higher odds of diabetes among Chinese (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% CI, 1.04-2.03) and Filipino (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02-1.51) adults; high blood pressure among Filipino adults (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.60); insufficient physical activity among Asian Indian (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.22-1.65), Chinese (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.33-1.88), and Filipino (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06-1.46) adults; suboptimal sleep among Asian Indian adults (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01-1.42); and nicotine exposure among Chinese (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.15-2.11) and Filipino (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.14-1.97) adults. CONCLUSIONS Unfavorable SDOH are associated with higher odds of cardiovascular risk factors in Asian American subgroups. Culturally specific interventions addressing SDOH may help improve cardiovascular health among Asian Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia L Zhu
- Stanford University Center for Asian Healthcare Research and Education Stanford CA
- College of Arts and Sciences, School of Global Public Health New York University New York NY
| | - Austin D Le
- Stanford University Center for Asian Healthcare Research and Education Stanford CA
- Environmental Health Sciences Division University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health Berkeley CA
| | - Yuemeng Li
- Stanford University Center for Asian Healthcare Research and Education Stanford CA
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Emory University Atlanta GA
| | - Latha P Palaniappan
- Stanford University Center for Asian Healthcare Research and Education Stanford CA
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- Stanford University Center for Asian Healthcare Research and Education Stanford CA
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA
| | - Nilay S Shah
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
| | - Sally S Wong
- American Heart Association, Office of Science, Medicine, and Health Dallas TX
| | - Javier Valero-Elizondo
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center Houston TX
| | - Tali Elfassy
- Stanford University Center for Asian Healthcare Research and Education Stanford CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL
| | - Eugene Yang
- Stanford University Center for Asian Healthcare Research and Education Stanford CA
- Division of Cardiology University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA
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Kaur G, Masket D, Reddy T, Revankar S, Satish P, Paquin A, Mulvagh S, O'Donoghue ML, Zieroth S, Farkouh M, Gulati M. Socioeconomic Disparities in Women's Cardiovascular Health in the United States and Canada. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00295-2. [PMID: 38593915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has been the leading cause of death in the United States and Canada for decades. Although it affects millions of people across a multitude of backgrounds, notable disparities in cardiovascular health are observed among women and become more apparent when accounting for race and socioeconomic status. Although intrinsic sex-specific physiologic differences predispose women to poorer outcomes, social determinants of health (SDOH) and biases at both the individual provider and the larger health care system levels play an equal, if not greater, role. This review examines socioeconomic disparities in women compared with men regarding cardiovascular risk factors, treatments, and outcomes. Although various at-risk subpopulations exist, we highlight the impact of SDOH in specific populations, including patients with disabilities, transgender persons, and South Asian and Indigenous populations. These groups are underrepresented in studies and experience poorer health outcomes owing to structural barriers to care. These findings emphasise the significance of understanding the interplay of different socioeconomic factors and how their stacking can negatively affect women's cardiovascular health. To address these disparities, we propose a multipronged approach to augment culturally sensitive and patient-centred care. This includes increased cardiovascular workforce diversity, inclusion of underrepresented populations into analyses of cardiovascular metrics, and greater utilisation of technology and telemedicine to improve access to health care. Achieving this goal will necessitate active participation from patients, health care administrators, physicians, and policy makers, and is imperative in closing the cardiovascular health gap for women over the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurleen Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diane Masket
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tina Reddy
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shruti Revankar
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Priyanka Satish
- Ascension Texas Cardiovascular, University of Texas at Austin Dell School of Medicine, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Amelie Paquin
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sharon Mulvagh
- Division of Cardiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michelle L O'Donoghue
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shelley Zieroth
- Division of Cardiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael Farkouh
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Martha Gulati
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Yu S, Jia H, Ding S, Zhang M, Li F, Xu P, Tian Y, Ma L, Gong L, Feng J, Sun Z, Qian F, Li H. Efficacy and safety of intracoronary pro-urokinase combined with low-pressure balloon pre-dilatation during percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 19:180. [PMID: 38580976 PMCID: PMC10996115 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of low-pressure balloon pre-dilatation before intracoronary pro-urokinase (pro-UK) in preventing no-reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of intracoronary pro-UK combined with low-pressure balloon pre-dilatation in patients with anterior ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS This was a randomized, single-blind, investigator-initiated trial that included 179 patients diagnosed with acute anterior STEMI. All patients were eligible for PCI and were randomized into two groups: intracoronary pro-UK combined with (ICPpD group, n = 90) or without (ICP group, n = 89) low-pressure balloon pre-dilatation. The main efficacy endpoint was complete epicardial and myocardial reperfusion. The safety endpoints were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), which were analyzed at 12 months follow-up. RESULTS Patients in the ICPpD group presented significantly higher TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3 (TMPG3) compared to those in the ICP group (77.78% versus 68.54%, P = 0.013), and STR ≥ 70% after PCI 30 min (34.44% versus 26.97%, P = 0.047) or after PCI 90 min (40.0% versus 31.46%, P = 0.044). MACEs occurred in 23 patients (25.56%) in the ICPpD group and in 32 patients (35.96%) in the ICP group. There was no difference in hemorrhagic complications during hospitalization between the groups. CONCLUSION Patients with acute anterior STEMI presented more complete epicardial and myocardial reperfusion with adjunctive low-pressure balloon pre-dilatation before intracoronary pro-UK during PCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION 2019xkj213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui, 237000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haoxuan Jia
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengkai Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui, 237000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengda Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui, 237000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui, 237000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui, 237000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui, 237000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui, 237000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui, 237000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui, 237000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui, 237000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fudong Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui, 237000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui, 237000, People's Republic of China
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Cui Y, Yao J, Qiu X, Guo C, Kong D, Dong J, Liao L. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Asians and Non-Asians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:781-799. [PMID: 38402331 PMCID: PMC10951192 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tirzepatide is a novel hypoglycemic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the pathophysiology of T2DM in Asians is different from that in non-Asians, and there is no evidence to explain the differences in the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide between different races. METHODS A literature search was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials.gov, and Embase databases for clinical studies of tirzepatide for T2DM. The data extraction process was done independently by two authors. All analyses were performed using STATA 14.0 software and Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 2118 patients with T2DM from 6 studies were involved, with doses of tirzepatide ranging from 5 to 15 mg administered subcutaneously once weekly. The results showed that compared with control/placebo, tirzepatide was more effective in decreasing fasting blood glucose (FBG) in non-Asians than in Asians, and 10 mg rather than 15 mg was the optimal dose to decrease FBG. Similarly, non-Asians were more effective than Asians in improving glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Asians were significantly more effective than non-Asians in reducing body weight and ≥ 5% weight loss. In terms of adverse events, the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events was higher in Asians than in non-Asians at the same dose, while the incidence of metabolic and nutrition disorders was higher in non-Asians than in Asians. CONCLUSION Tirzepatide is a novel agent for the treatment of diabetes and has different efficacy in Asians and non-Asians. Asians were more likely to experience weight loss and gastrointestinal adverse events, whereas non-Asians were more likely to have better glycemic control and more metabolic and nutritional disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023489588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Cui
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodong Qiu
- Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Congcong Guo
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Degang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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8
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Perera S, Zheng Z, Wadhera RK. Cardiovascular Health, Lifestyle Factors, and Social Determinants in Asian Subpopulations in the United States. Am J Cardiol 2024; 216:77-86. [PMID: 38369173 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Asian Americans are often aggregated in national public health surveillance efforts, which may conceal important differences in the health status of subgroups that are included in this highly diverse population. Little is known about how cardiovascular health varies across Asian subpopulations and the extent to which lifestyle and social risk factors contribute to any observed differences. This national study used data from the National Health Interview Survey to evaluate the burden of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus) and cardiovascular diseases (heart attack, coronary heart disease, angina, stroke) across Asian groups (Chinese, Asian Indian, Filipino, Other Asian), and determine whether differences are related to lifestyle factors and/or social determinants of health. The weighted study population included 13,592,178 Asian adults. Filipino adults were more likely to have hypertension than Chinese adults (29.4% vs 15.4%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.40, 95% confidence interval [1.91 to 3.02]), as were Asian Indians (15.7%; OR 1.59 [1.25 to 2.02]). These patterns were similar for hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. For cardiovascular diseases, Filipino adults were significantly more likely to have coronary heart disease (4.2% vs 1.9%; OR 2.19 [1.32 to 3.56]), heart attack (2.6% vs 0.9%; OR 2.79 [1.44 to 5.41]), angina (1.8% vs 0.9%; OR 2.15 [1.06 to 4.32]), and stroke (2.1% vs 0.8%; OR 2.54 [1.42 to 4.55]) compared with Chinese adults, whereas there were no differences compared with Asian Indian adults. Adjustments for lifestyle factors and social determinants completely attenuated differences in coronary heart disease, heart attack, and angina among subpopulations. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that cardiovascular risk factors and diseases vary significantly across Asian subpopulations, with Filipino adults experiencing the highest burden and Chinese adults the lowest, and that differences in cardiovascular disease are largely attenuated after adjustment for lifestyle and social determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheesha Perera
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - ZhaoNian Zheng
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rishi K Wadhera
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Bacong AM, Gibbs SL, Rosales AG, Frankland TB, Li J, Daida YG, Fortmann SP, Palaniappan L. Obesity Disparities Among Adult Single-Race and Multiracial Asian and Pacific Islander Populations. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e240734. [PMID: 38502128 PMCID: PMC10951735 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Despite increasing numbers of multiracial individuals, they are often excluded in studies or aggregated within larger race and ethnicity groups due to small sample sizes. Objective To examine disparities in the prevalence of obesity among single-race and multiracial Asian and Pacific Islander individuals compared with non-Hispanic White (hereafter, White) individuals. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used electronic health record (EHR) data linked to social determinants of health and health behavior data for adult (age ≥18 years) members of 2 large health care systems in California and Hawai'i who had at least 1 ambulatory visit to a primary care practitioner between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2018. Data were analyzed from October 31, 2022, to July 31, 2023. Exposure Self-identified race and ethnicity provided in the EHR as a single-race category (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Native Hawaiian only, Other Pacific Islander, or White) or a multiracial category (Asian and Pacific Islander; Asian, Pacific Islander, and White; Asian and White; or Pacific Islander and White). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30.0), based on last measured height and weight from the EHR. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between race and ethnicity and odds of obesity. Results A total of 5229 individuals (3055 [58.4%] male; mean [SD] age, 70.73 [11.51] years) were examined, of whom 444 (8.5%) were Asian Indian; 1091 (20.9%), Chinese; 483 (9.2%), Filipino; 666 (12.7%), Japanese; 91 (1.7%), Native Hawaiian; 95 (1.8%), Other Pacific Islander; and 888 (17.0%), White. The percentages of individuals who identified as multiracial were as follows: 417 (8.0%) were Asian and Pacific Islander; 392 (7.5%), Asian, Pacific Islander, and White; 248 (4.7%), Asian and White; and 414 (7.9%), Pacific Islander and White. A total of 1333 participants (25.5%) were classified as having obesity based on standard BMI criteria. Obesity was highest among people who identified as Asian, Pacific Islander, and White (204 of 392 [52.0%]) followed by those who identified as Other Pacific Islander (47 of 95 [49.5%]), Native Hawaiian (44 of 91 [48.4%]), and Pacific Islander and White (186 of 414 [44.9%]). After accounting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health behavior factors, people who identified as Asian, Pacific Islander, and White (odds ratio [OR], 1.80; 95% CI, 1.37-2.38) or Pacific Islander and White (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.18-2.04) had increased odds of obesity compared with White individuals. All single-race Asian groups had lower odds of obesity compared with White individuals: Asian Indian (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.20-0.40), Chinese (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.17-0.29), Filipino (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.35-0.62), and Japanese (OR, 0.38, 95% CI, 0.29-0.50). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, multiracial Asian and Pacific Islander individuals had an increased prevalence of obesity compared with many of their single-race counterparts. As the number of multiracial individuals increases, it will be important for clinical and public health systems to track disparities in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Bacong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford, California
| | | | | | | | - Jiang Li
- Sutter Health Center for Health Systems Research/Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
| | - Yihe G. Daida
- Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawai’i, Honolulu
| | | | - Latha Palaniappan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford, California
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Luo Q, Wei Y, Lv X, Chen W, Yang D, Tuo Q. The Effect and Mechanism of Oleanolic Acid in the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2024; 29:758. [PMID: 38398510 PMCID: PMC10892503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes (MetS) and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a serious threat to human health. MetS are metabolic disorders characterized by obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which increase the risk of CVDs' initiation and development. Although there are many availabile drugs for treating MetS and related CVDs, some side effects also occur. Considering the low-level side effects, many natural products have been tried to treat MetS and CVDs. A five-cyclic triterpenoid natural product, oleanolic acid (OA), has been reported to have many pharmacologic actions such as anti-hypertension, anti-hyperlipidemia, and liver protection. OA has specific advantages in the treatment of MetS and CVDs. OA achieves therapeutic effects through a variety of pathways, attracting great interest and playing a vital role in the treatment of MetS and CVDs. Consequently, in this article, we aim to review the pharmacological actions and potential mechanisms of OA in treating MetS and related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanye Luo
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Xuzhen Lv
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, The School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Qinhui Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
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11
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Li Y, Xiong Z, Jiang WL, Tian D, Zhou H, Hou Q, Xiao L, Zhang M, Huang L, Zhong L, Zhou L, Zeng GG. An innovative viewpoint on the existing and prospectiveness of SR-B1. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102226. [PMID: 38040207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 (SR-B1), a receptor protein expressed on the cell membrane, plays a crucial role in the metabolism and transport of cholesterol and other lipids, contributing significantly to the homeostasis of lipid levels within the body. Bibliometric analysis involves the application of mathematical and statistical methods to quantitatively analyze different types of documents. It involves the analysis of structural and temporal trends in scholarly articles, coupled with the identification of subject emphasis and variations. Through a bibliometric analysis, this study examines the historical background, current research trends, and future directions in the exploration of SR-B1. By offering insights into the research status and development of SR-B1, this paper aims to assist researchers in identifying novel pathways and areas of investigation in this field of study. Following the screening process, it can be concluded that research on SR-B1 has consistently remained a topic of significant interest over the past 17 years. Interestingly, SR-B1 has recently garnered attention in areas beyond its traditional research focus, including the field of cancer. The primary objective of this review is to provide a concise and accessible overview of the development process of SR-B1 that can help readers who are not well-versed in SR-B1 research quickly grasp its key aspects. Furthermore, this review aims to offer insights and suggestions to researchers regarding potential future research directions and areas of emphasis relating to SR-B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Xiong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wan-Li Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Dandan Tian
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Haiyou Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qin Hou
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Liubin Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Lianping Zhong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Gui Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Kanaya AM. Diabetes in South Asians: Uncovering Novel Risk Factors With Longitudinal Epidemiologic Data: Kelly West Award Lecture 2023. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:7-16. [PMID: 38117990 PMCID: PMC10733655 DOI: 10.2337/dci23-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
South Asian populations have a higher prevalence and earlier age of onset of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases than other race and ethnic groups. To better understand the pathophysiology and multilevel risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, we established the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study in 2010. The original MASALA study cohort (n = 1,164) included 83% Asian Indian immigrants, with an ongoing expansion of the study to include individuals of Bangladeshi and Pakistani origin. We have found that South Asian Americans in the MASALA study had higher type 2 diabetes prevalence, lower insulin secretion, more insulin resistance, and an adverse body composition with higher liver and intermuscular fat and lower lean muscle mass compared with four other U.S. race and ethnic groups. MASALA study participants with diabetes were more likely to have the severe hyperglycemia subtype, characterized by β-cell dysfunction and lower body weight, and this subtype was associated with a higher incidence of subclinical atherosclerosis. We have found several modifiable factors for cardiometabolic disease among South Asians including diet and physical activity that can be influenced using specific social network members and with cultural adaptations to the U.S. context. Longitudinal data with repeat cardiometabolic measures that are supplemented with qualitative and mixed-method approaches enable a deeper understanding of disease risk and resilience factors. Studying and contrasting Asian American subgroups can uncover the causes for cardiometabolic disease heterogeneity and reveal novel methods for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka M. Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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13
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Khan SS, Coresh J, Pencina MJ, Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, Palaniappan LP, Sperling LS, Virani SS, Ho JE, Neeland IJ, Tuttle KR, Rajgopal Singh R, Elkind MSV, Lloyd-Jones DM. Novel Prediction Equations for Absolute Risk Assessment of Total Cardiovascular Disease Incorporating Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 148:1982-2004. [PMID: 37947094 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a novel construct recently defined by the American Heart Association in response to the high prevalence of metabolic and kidney disease. Epidemiological data demonstrate higher absolute risk of both atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure as an individual progresses from CKM stage 0 to stage 3, but optimal strategies for risk assessment need to be refined. Absolute risk assessment with the goal to match type and intensity of interventions with predicted risk and expected treatment benefit remains the cornerstone of primary prevention. Given the growing number of therapies in our armamentarium that simultaneously address all 3 CKM axes, novel risk prediction equations are needed that incorporate predictors and outcomes relevant to the CKM context. This should also include social determinants of health, which are key upstream drivers of CVD, to more equitably estimate and address risk. This scientific statement summarizes the background, rationale, and clinical implications for the newly developed sex-specific, race-free risk equations: PREVENT (AHA Predicting Risk of CVD Events). The PREVENT equations enable 10- and 30-year risk estimates for total CVD (composite of atherosclerotic CVD and heart failure), include estimated glomerular filtration rate as a predictor, and adjust for competing risk of non-CVD death among adults 30 to 79 years of age. Additional models accommodate enhanced predictive utility with the addition of CKM factors when clinically indicated for measurement (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and hemoglobin A1c) or social determinants of health (social deprivation index) when available. Approaches to implement risk-based prevention using PREVENT across various settings are discussed.
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Babu V, Ahamed JI, Paul A, Ali S, Rather IA, Sabir JSM. Assessing Spectral Analysis of Phytoconstituents and Their In Silico Interactions with Target Proteins in Plant Seed Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3352. [PMID: 37836092 PMCID: PMC10574034 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological and preventive attributes of extracts from vegetable seeds have garnered widespread recognition within the scientific community. This study systematically assessed the in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-breast cancer properties of phytochemicals present in various solvent-based vegetable seed extracts. We also conducted molecular docking simulations to ascertain their interactions with specific target proteins. Besides, nine distinct chemical constituents were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Remarkably, the ethyl acetate extract exhibited robust inhibitory effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Furthermore, its capacity for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging was found to be noteworthy, with an IC50 value of 550.82 ± 1.7 µg/mL, representing a scavenging efficiency of 64.1 ± 2.8%. Additionally, the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated significant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity, with a maximal scavenging rate of 44.1 ± 1.70% (IC50) at a concentration of 761.17 ± 1.8 µg/mL. Intriguingly, in vitro cytotoxicity assays against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells revealed varying levels of cell viability at different extract concentrations, suggesting potential anticancer properties. Importantly, these ethyl acetate extracts did not display toxicity to L929 cells across the concentration range tested. Subsequently, we conducted in-silico molecular docking experiments utilizing Discovery Studio 4.0 against the c-Met kinase protein (hepatocyte growth factor; PDB ID: 1N0W). Among the various compounds assessed, 3,4-Dihydroxy-1,6-bis-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-hexa-2,4-diene-1,6-dione exhibited a notable binding energy of -9.1 kcal/mol, warranting further investigation into its potential anticancer properties, clinical applications, and broader pharmacological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatadri Babu
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Irshad Ahamed
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Agastian Paul
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 385541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal S. M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Woo L, Yi SS, Park A, Hu L, Thorpe LE, Rummo PE, Beasley JM. Establishing the criterion validity of an adapted dietary screener for Asian Americans amongst Chinese American adults. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:145. [PMID: 37568188 PMCID: PMC10416409 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the criterion validity of a dietary screener questionnaire adapted for Asian Americans (ADSQ) compared to Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA-24) food diary data amongst Chinese American Adults (CHAs). The ADSQ incorporated example ethnic foods from six Asian American groups. Lessons learned with respect to translating the ADSQ from English into Simplified Chinese were also documented. DESIGN Agreement between a two-day food diary (one weekend day and one weekday) and the ADSQ was assessed for vegetable, fruit, dairy, added sugar, fiber, calcium, and whole grain intake using paired t-tests to compare means and Spearman correlations to assess agreement between intake of food components. SETTING Data were collected online and via phone interviews. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-three CHAs aged 19-62 years (63.6% female). RESULTS Mean differences were small for fruit, dairy, fiber, calcium, and whole grain intake, but were significantly different for vegetables and added sugar intake. Spearman correlations were < 0.5 and non-significant (p > 0.05) for all components. Both the ASA-24 and the ADSQ identified the same categories where CHAs intake is misaligned with dietary recommendations: whole grains, total fruit, and dairy. Difficulties were encountered in translating 13 out of 26 questions. CONCLUSIONS The ADSQ may be a useful tool to identify intervention targets for improving dietary quality, but caution is warranted when interpreting vegetable and added sugar estimates. Differences in the English and Chinese languages underscore the need to take into account both literal translations and semantics in translating the ADSQ into other languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Woo
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stella S Yi
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agnes Park
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lu Hu
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorna E Thorpe
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pasquale E Rummo
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeannette M Beasley
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, NY, USA.
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Martino E, Luce A, Balestrieri A, Mele L, Anastasio C, D'Onofrio N, Balestrieri ML, Campanile G. Whey Improves In Vitro Endothelial Mitochondrial Function and Metabolic Redox Status in Diabetic State. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1311. [PMID: 37372041 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leading to cardiovascular complications. Current preventive antioxidant strategies to reduce oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function in T2DM highlight dietary interventions as a promising approach, stimulating the deepening of knowledge of food sources rich in bioactive components. Whey (WH), a dairy by-product with a considerable content of bioactive compounds (betaines and acylcarnitines), modulates cancer cell metabolism by acting on mitochondrial energy metabolism. Here, we aimed at covering the lack of knowledge on the possible effect of WH on the mitochondrial function in T2DM. The results showed that WH improved human endothelial cell (TeloHAEC) function during the in vitro diabetic condition mimicked by treating cells with palmitic acid (PA) (0.1 mM) and high glucose (HG) (30 mM). Of note, WH protected endothelial cells from PA+HG-induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.01) and prevented cell cycle arrest, apoptotic cell death, redox imbalance, and metabolic alteration (p < 0.01). Moreover, WH counteracted mitochondrial injury and restored SIRT3 levels (p < 0.01). The SiRNA-mediated suppression of SIRT3 abolished the protective effects exerted by WH on the mitochondrial and metabolic impairment caused by PA+HG. These in vitro results reveal the efficacy of whey as a redox and metabolic modulator in the diabetic state and pave the way for future studies to consider whey as the source of dietary bioactive molecules with health benefits in preventive strategies against chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Luce
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Food Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Camilla Anastasio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
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