1
|
Xia M, Zhong Y, Peng Y, Qian C. Breakfast skipping and traits of cardiometabolic health: A mendelian randomization study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 59:328-333. [PMID: 38220394 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.12.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakfast skipping has been linked to poor cardiometabolic health in observational studies, but the causality remains unknown. Herein, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to elucidate the potential causal effects of breakfast skipping on cardiometabolic traits. METHODS Genetic association estimates for breakfast skipping, cardiometabolic diseases, and cardiometabolic risk factors were extracted from the UK Biobank and several large genome-wide association studies. Two-sample MR analyses were performed primarily using the inverse variance weighted method, followed by sensitivity analysis to test the reliability of results. RESULTS MR results indicated no causal relationship between breakfast shipping with coronary heart disease (odds ratio [OR]: 1.079, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.817-1.426; p = 0.591), stroke (OR: 0.877, 95 % CI: 0.680-1.131; p = 0.311), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.114, 95 % CI: 0.631-1.970; p = 0.709). However, genetically predicted breakfast skipping was significantly associated with increased body mass index (β: 0.250, standard error [SE]: 0.079; p = 0.001), waist-to-hip ratio (β: 0.177, SE: 0.076; p = 0.019), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β: 0.260, SE: 0.115; p = 0.024). We found no evidence of association of genetic liability to breakfast skipping with blood pressure, glycemic traits, and other blood lipids. Sensitivity analysis supported the above results. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that breakfast skipping is causally linked to weight gain and higher serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which may mediate the increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases reported in epidemiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yongquan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ochoa Chaar CI, Kim T, Alameddine D, DeWan A, Guzman R, Dardik A, Grossetta Nardini HK, Wallach JD, Kullo I, Murray M. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the genetics of peripheral arterial disease. JVS Vasc Sci 2023; 5:100133. [PMID: 38314202 PMCID: PMC10832467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2023.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) impacts more than 200 million people worldwide. The understanding of the genetics of the disease and its clinical implications continue to evolve. This systematic review provides a comprehensive summary of all DNA variants that have been studied in association with the diagnosis and progression of PAD, with a meta-analysis of the ones replicated in the literature. Methods A systematic review of all studies examining DNA variants associated with the diagnosis and progression of PAD was performed. Candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were included. A meta-analysis of 13 variants derived from earlier smaller candidate gene studies of the diagnosis of PAD was performed. The literature on the progression of PAD was limited, and a meta-analysis was not feasible because of the heterogeneity in the criteria used to characterize it. Results A total of 231 DNA variants in 112 papers were studied for the association with the diagnosis of PAD. There were significant variations in the definition of PAD and the selection of controls in the various studies. GWAS have established 19 variants associated with the diagnosis of PAD that were replicated in several large patient cohorts. Only variants in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (rs5498), IL-6 (rs1800795), and hepatic lipase (rs2070895) showed significant association with the diagnosis of PAD. However, these variants were not noted in the published GWAS. Conclusions Genetic research in the diagnosis of PAD has significant heterogeneity, but recent GWAS have demonstrated variants consistently associated with the disease. More research focusing on the progression of PAD is needed to identify patients at risk of adverse events and develop strategies that would improve their outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassius Iyad Ochoa Chaar
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tanner Kim
- Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Dana Alameddine
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Andrew DeWan
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Raul Guzman
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alan Dardik
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Joshua D. Wallach
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Iftikhar Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael Murray
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Franks PW, Cefalu WT, Dennis J, Florez JC, Mathieu C, Morton RW, Ridderstråle M, Sillesen HH, Stehouwer CDA. Precision medicine for cardiometabolic disease: a framework for clinical translation. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:822-835. [PMID: 37804856 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease is a major threat to global health. Precision medicine has great potential to help to reduce the burden of this common and complex disease cluster, and to enhance contemporary evidence-based medicine. Its key pillars are diagnostics; prediction (of the primary disease); prevention (of the primary disease); prognosis (prediction of complications of the primary disease); treatment (of the primary disease or its complications); and monitoring (of risk exposure, treatment response, and disease progression or remission). To contextualise precision medicine in both research and clinical settings, and to encourage the successful translation of discovery science into clinical practice, in this Series paper we outline a model (the EPPOS model) that builds on contemporary evidence-based approaches; includes precision medicine that improves disease-related predictions by stratifying a cohort into subgroups of similar characteristics, or using participants' characteristics to model treatment outcomes directly; includes personalised medicine with the use of a person's data to objectively gauge the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of therapeutics; and subjectively tailors medical decisions to the individual's preferences, circumstances, and capabilities. Precision medicine requires a well functioning system comprised of multiple stakeholders, including health-care recipients, health-care providers, scientists, health economists, funders, innovators of medicines and technologies, regulators, and policy makers. Powerful computing infrastructures supporting appropriate analysis of large-scale, well curated, and accessible health databases that contain high-quality, multidimensional, time-series data will be required; so too will prospective cohort studies in diverse populations designed to generate novel hypotheses, and clinical trials designed to test them. Here, we carefully consider these topics and describe a framework for the integration of precision medicine in cardiometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Franks
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Science, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - William T Cefalu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Dennis
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jose C Florez
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UZ Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert W Morton
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Science, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik H Sillesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical Science, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Franks PW. Socioeconomic Disparities Across the Spectrum of Genetic Burden in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Risk. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:916-917. [PMID: 37185692 PMCID: PMC10154645 DOI: 10.2337/dci22-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Franks
- 1Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
- 2Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- 3Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nádasdi Á, Gál V, Masszi T, Somogyi A, Firneisz G. PNPLA3 rs738409 risk genotype decouples TyG index from HOMA2-IR and intrahepatic lipid content. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:64. [PMID: 36944955 PMCID: PMC10031960 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports suggested a different predictive value for TyG index compared to HOMA-IR in coronary artery calcification (CAC) and other atherosclerotic outcomes, despite that both indices are proposed as surrogate markers of insulin resistance. We hypothesized a key role for liver pathology as an explanation and therefore assessed the relationship among the two indices and the intrahepatic lipid content stratified by PNPLA3 rs738409 genotypes as a known non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) genetic risk. METHODS Thirty-nine women from a prior GDM-genetic study were recalled with PNPLA3 rs738409 CC and GG genotypes for metabolic phenotyping and to assess hepatic triglyceride content (HTGC). 75 g OGTT was performed, fasting lipid, glucose, insulin levels and calculated insulin resistance indices (TyG and HOMA2-IR) were used. HTGC was measured by MR based methods. Mann-Whitney-U, χ2 and for the correlation analysis Spearman rank order tests were applied. RESULTS The PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype had a significant effect on the direct correlation between the HOMA2-IR and TyG index: the correlation (R = 0.52, p = 0.0054) found in the CC group was completely abolished in those with the GG (NAFLD) risk genotype. In addition, the HOMA2-IR correlated with HTGC in the entire study population (R = 0.69, p < 0.0001) and also separately in both genotypes (CC R = 0.62, p = 0.0006, GG: R = 0.74, p = 0.0058). In contrast, the correlation between TyG index and HTGC was only significant in rs738409 CC genotype group (R = 0.42, p = 0.0284) but not in GG group. A similar pattern was observed in the correlation between TG and HTGC (CC: R = 0.41, p = 0.0335), when the components of the TyG index were separately assessed. CONCLUSIONS PNPLA3 rs738409 risk genotype completely decoupled the direct correlation between two surrogate markers of insulin resistance: TyG and HOMA2-IR confirming our hypothesis. The liver lipid content increased in parallel with the HOMA2-IR independent of genotype, in contrast to the TyG index where the risk genotype abolished the correlation. This phenomenon seems to be related to the nature of hepatic fat accumulation and to the different concepts establishing the two insulin resistance markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Nádasdi
- Translational Medicine Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Gál
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- Medical Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Masszi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Somogyi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Firneisz
- Translational Medicine Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tschigg K, Consoli L, Biasiotto R, Mascalzoni D. Ethical, legal and social/societal implications (ELSI) of recall-by-genotype (RbG) and genotype-driven-research (GDR) approaches: a scoping review. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:1000-1010. [PMID: 35705790 PMCID: PMC9437022 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recall by Genotype (RbG), Genotype-driven-recall (GDR), and Genotype-based-recall (GBR) strategies are increasingly used to conduct genomic or biobanking sub-studies that single out participants as eligible because of their specific individual genotypic information. However, existing regulatory and governance frameworks do not apply to all aspects of genotype-driven research approaches. The recall strategies disclose or withhold personal genotypic information with uncertain clinical utility. Accordingly, this scoping review aims to identify peculiar, explicit and implicit ethical, legal, and societal/social implications (ELSI) of RbG study designs. We conducted a systematic literature search of three electronic databases from November 2020 to February 2021. We investigated qualitative and quantitative research methods used to report ELSI aspects in RbG research. Congruent with other research findings, we identified a lack of qualitative research investigating the particular ELSI challenges with RbG. We included and analysed the content of twenty-five publications. We found a consensus on RbG posing significant ethical issues, dilemmas, barriers, concerns and societal challenges. However, we found that the approaches to disclosure and study-specific recall and communication strategies employed consent models and Return of Research Results (RoRR) policies varied considerably. Furthermore, we identified a high heterogeneity in perspectives of participants and experts about ELSI of study-specific RbG policies. Therefore, further fine-mapping through qualitative and empirical research is needed to draw conclusions and re-fine ELSI frameworks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Tschigg
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy. .,Institute for Biomedicine & Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy, Bozen, Italy.
| | - Luca Consoli
- Institute for Science in Society, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Roberta Biasiotto
- Institute for Biomedicine & Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy, Bozen, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Deborah Mascalzoni
- Institute for Biomedicine & Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy, Bozen, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Center for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Franks PW, Pomares-Millan H. Next-generation epidemiology: the role of high-resolution molecular phenotyping in diabetes research. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2521-2532. [PMID: 32840675 PMCID: PMC7641957 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05246-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologists have for many decades reported on the patterns and distributions of diabetes within and between populations and have helped to elucidate the aetiology of the disease. This has helped raise awareness of the tremendous burden the disease places on individuals and societies; it has also identified key risk factors that have become the focus of diabetes prevention trials and helped shape public health recommendations. Recent developments in affordable high-throughput genetic and molecular phenotyping technologies have driven the emergence of a new type of epidemiology with a more mechanistic focus than ever before. Studies employing these technologies have identified gene variants or causal loci, and linked these to other omics data that help define the molecular processes mediating the effects of genetic variation in the expression of clinical phenotypes. The scale of these epidemiological studies is rapidly growing; a trend that is set to continue as the public and private sectors invest heavily in omics data generation. Many are banking on this massive volume of diverse molecular data for breakthroughs in drug discovery and predicting sensitivity to risk factors, response to therapies and susceptibility to diabetes complications, as well as the development of disease-monitoring tools and surrogate outcomes. To realise these possibilities, it is essential that omics technologies are applied to well-designed epidemiological studies and that the emerging data are carefully analysed and interpreted. One might view this as next-generation epidemiology, where complex high-dimensionality data analysis approaches will need to be blended with many of the core principles of epidemiological research. In this article, we review the literature on omics in diabetes epidemiology and discuss how this field is evolving. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hugo Pomares-Millan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|