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Bode C, Preissl S, Hein L, Lother A. Catecholamine treatment induces reversible heart injury and cardiomyocyte gene expression. Intensive Care Med Exp 2024; 12:48. [PMID: 38733526 PMCID: PMC11088585 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-024-00632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catecholamines are commonly used as therapeutic drugs in intensive care medicine to maintain sufficient organ perfusion during shock. However, excessive or sustained adrenergic activation drives detrimental cardiac remodeling and may lead to heart failure. Whether catecholamine treatment in absence of heart failure causes persistent cardiac injury, is uncertain. In this experimental study, we assessed the course of cardiac remodeling and recovery during and after prolonged catecholamine treatment and investigated the molecular mechanisms involved. RESULTS C57BL/6N wild-type mice were assigned to 14 days catecholamine treatment with isoprenaline and phenylephrine (IsoPE), treatment with IsoPE and subsequent recovery, or healthy control groups. IsoPE improved left ventricular contractility but caused substantial cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. However, after discontinuation of catecholamine treatment, these alterations were largely reversible. To uncover the molecular mechanisms involved, we performed RNA sequencing from isolated cardiomyocyte nuclei. IsoPE treatment resulted in a transient upregulation of genes related to extracellular matrix formation and transforming growth factor signaling. While components of adrenergic receptor signaling were downregulated during catecholamine treatment, we observed an upregulation of endothelin-1 and its receptors in cardiomyocytes, indicating crosstalk between both signaling pathways. To follow this finding, we treated mice with endothelin-1. Compared to IsoPE, treatment with endothelin-1 induced minor but longer lasting changes in cardiomyocyte gene expression. DNA methylation-guided analysis of enhancer regions identified immediate early transcription factors such as AP-1 family members Jun and Fos as key drivers of pathological gene expression following catecholamine treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study show that prolonged catecholamine exposure induces adverse cardiac remodeling and gene expression before the onset of left ventricular dysfunction which has implications for clinical practice. The observed changes depend on the type of stimulus and are largely reversible after discontinuation of catecholamine treatment. Crosstalk with endothelin signaling and the downstream transcription factors identified in this study provide new opportunities for more targeted therapeutic approaches that may help to separate desired from undesired effects of catecholamine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bode
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Lother
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Wang J, Guo Y, He Y, Qin Y, Li X, Yang L, Liu K, Xiao L. Hepatic regulator of G protein signaling 14 ameliorates NAFLD through activating cAMP-AMPK signaling by targeting Giα1/3. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101882. [PMID: 38237897 PMCID: PMC10844864 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging public health threat as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. However, there remains no effective medication to improve NAFLD. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most frequently investigated drug targets family. The Regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14), as an essential negative modulator of GPCR signaling, plays important regulatory roles in liver damage and inflammatory responses. However, the role of RGS14 in NAFLD remains largely unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we found that RGS14 was decreased in hepatocytes in NAFLD individuals in a public database. We employed genetic engineering technique to explore the function of RGS14 in NAFLD. We demonstrated that RGS14 overexpression ameliorated lipid accumulation, inflammatory response and liver fibrosis in hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro. Whereas, hepatocyte specific Rgs14-knockout (Rgs14-HKO) exacerbated high fat high cholesterol diet (HFHC) induced NASH. Further molecular experiments demonstrated that RGS14 depended on GDI activity to attenuate HFHC-feeding NASH. More importantly, RGS14 interacted with Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Gi) alpha 1 and 3 (Giα1/3, gene named GNAI1/3), promoting the generation of cAMP and then activating the subsequent AMPK pathways. GNAI1/3 knockdown abolished the protective role of RGS14, indicating that RGS14 binding to Giα1/3 was required for prevention against hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS RGS14 plays a protective role in the progression of NAFLD. RGS14-Giα1/3 interaction accelerated the production of cAMP and then activated cAMP-AMPK signaling. Targeting RGS14 or modulating the RGS14-Giα1/3 interaction may be a potential strategy for the treatment of NAFLD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Wang
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yunduan He
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Yifan Qin
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450004, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450004, China.
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Sakarin S, Rungsipipat A, Roytrakul S, Jaresitthikunchai J, Phaonakrop N, Charoenlappanit S, Thaisakun S, Surachetpong SD. Proteomic analysis of pulmonary arteries and lung tissues from dogs affected with pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296068. [PMID: 38181036 PMCID: PMC10769092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD), pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication characterized by abnormally elevated pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). Pulmonary arterial remodeling is the histopathological changes of pulmonary artery that has been recognized in PH. The underlying mechanisms that cause this arterial remodeling are poorly understood. This study aimed to perform shotgun proteomics to investigate changes in protein expression in pulmonary arteries and lung tissues of DMVD dogs with PH compared to normal control dogs and DMVD dogs without PH. Tissue samples were collected from the carcasses of 22 small-sized breed dogs and divided into three groups: control (n = 7), DMVD (n = 7) and DMVD+PH groups (n = 8). Differentially expressed proteins were identified, and top three upregulated and downregulated proteins in the pulmonary arteries of DMVD dogs with PH including SIK family kinase 3 (SIK3), Collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), Apoptosis associated tyrosine kinase (AATYK), Hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA) and Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 (PTPN13) were chosen. Results showed that some of the identified proteins may play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial remodeling. This study concluded shotgun proteomics has potential as a tool for exploring candidate proteins associated with the pathogenesis of PH secondary to DMVD in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Sakarin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sawanya Charoenlappanit
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Thaisakun
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Lymperopoulos A, Borges JI, Stoicovy RA. RGS proteins and cardiovascular Angiotensin II Signaling: Novel opportunities for therapeutic targeting. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115904. [PMID: 37922976 PMCID: PMC10841918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII), as an octapeptide hormone normally ionized at physiological pH, cannot cross cell membranes and thus, relies on, two (mainly) G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) types, AT1R and AT2R, to exert its intracellular effects in various organ systems including the cardiovascular one. Although a lot remains to be elucidated about the signaling of the AT2R, AT1R signaling is known to be remarkably versatile, mobilizing a variety of G protein-dependent and independent signal transduction pathways inside cells to produce a biological outcome. Cardiac AT1R signaling leads to hypertrophy, adverse remodeling, fibrosis, while vascular AT1R signaling raises blood pressure via vasoconstriction, but also elicits hypertrophic, vascular growth/proliferation, and pathological remodeling sets of events. In addition, adrenal AT1R is the major physiological stimulus (alongside hyperkalemia) for secretion of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid hormone that contributes to hypertension, electrolyte abnormalities, and to pathological remodeling of the failing heart. Regulator of G protein Signaling (RGS) proteins, discovered about 25 years ago as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for the Gα subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, play a central role in silencing G protein signaling from a plethora of GPCRs, including the AngII receptors. Given the importance of AngII and its receptors, but also of several RGS proteins, in cardiovascular homeostasis, the physiological and pathological significance of RGS protein-mediated modulation of cardiovascular AngII signaling comes as no surprise. In the present review, we provide an overview of the current literature on the involvement of RGS proteins in cardiovascular AngII signaling, by discussing their roles in cardiac (cardiomyocyte and cardiofibroblast), vascular (smooth muscle and endothelial cell), and adrenal (medulla and cortex) AngII signaling, separately. Along the way, we also highlight the therapeutic potential of enhancement of, or, in some cases, inhibition of each RGS protein involved in AngII signaling in each one of these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA.
| | - Jordana I Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Renee A Stoicovy
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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5
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Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Cao X, Ni B. RGS16 regulates Hippo-YAP activity to promote esophageal cancer cell proliferation and migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 675:122-129. [PMID: 37473526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumor of digestive tract, accounting for 90% of all pathological types of esophageal cancer. Despite the rapid development of multi-disciplinary treatment such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy, the prognosis of patients with ESCC is still poor. Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGSs) are involved in the processes of various cancers. The expression levels of its family member RGS16 are abnormally elevated in a variety of tumors, but its role in ESCC is still unclear. We found that RGS16 expression is aberrantly increased in ESCC tissues and correlated with poor prognosis of ESCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and our collected ESCC tissues. Moreover, knockdown of RGS16 in two ESCC cells could indeed inhibit their proliferation and migration. We further explored the molecular mechanism of RGS16 in ESCC, and the correlation analysis from TCGA database showed that the mRNA levels of RGS16 was positively correlated with that of CTGF and CYR61, two target genes of Hippo-YAP signaling. Consistently, RGS16- knockdown significantly inhibited the expression of CTGF and CYR61 in ESCC cells. We found that the phosphorylation levels of LATS1 and YAP were significantly increased and YAP translocated into the cytoplasm after depletion of RGS16 in ESCC cells. Also, RGS16-knockdown promoted the interaction between LATS1 and upstream kinase MST1. In addition, reintroduction of a constitutive active YAP5A mutant significantly rescued CTGF expression and cell proliferation in RGS16-knockdown cells. Together, our work revealed that RGS16 promoted YAP activity through disrupting the interaction between LATS1 and MST1, thus promoting the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhou Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiufeng Cao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Yimin Hospital, Nanjing, 211103, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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Lymperopoulos A. Clinical pharmacology of cardiac cyclic AMP in human heart failure: too much or too little? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:623-630. [PMID: 37403791 PMCID: PMC10529896 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2233891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a major signaling hub in cardiac physiology. Although cAMP signaling has been extensively studied in cardiac cells and animal models of heart failure (HF), not much is known about its actual amount present inside human failing or non-failing cardiomyocytes. Since many drugs used in HF work via cAMP, it is crucial to determine the status of its intracellular levels in failing vs. normal human hearts. AREAS COVERED Only studies performed on explanted/excised cardiac tissues from patients were examined. Studies that contained no data from human hearts or no data on cAMP levels per se were excluded from this perspective's analysis. EXPERT OPINION Currently, there is no consensus on the status of cAMP levels in human failing vs. non-failing hearts. Several studies on animal models may suggest maladaptive (e.g. pro-apoptotic) effects of cAMP on HF, advocating for cAMP lowering for therapy, but human studies almost universally indicate that myocardial cAMP levels are deficient in human failing hearts. It is the expert opinion of this perspective that intracellular cAMP levels are too low in human failing hearts, contributing to the disease. Strategies to increase (restore), not decrease, these levels should be pursued in human HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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7
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Grogan A, Lucero EY, Jiang H, Rockman HA. Pathophysiology and pharmacology of G protein-coupled receptors in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1117-1129. [PMID: 36534965 PMCID: PMC10202650 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), comprising the largest superfamily of cell surface receptors, serve as fundamental modulators of cardiac health and disease owing to their key roles in the regulation of heart rate, contractile dynamics, and cardiac function. Accordingly, GPCRs are heavily pursued as drug targets for a wide variety of cardiovascular diseases ranging from heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmia to hypertension and coronary artery disease. Recent advancements in understanding the signalling mechanisms, regulation, and pharmacological properties of GPCRs have provided valuable insights that will guide the development of novel therapeutics. Herein, we review the cellular signalling mechanisms, pathophysiological roles, and pharmacological developments of the major GPCRs in the heart, highlighting the β-adrenergic, muscarinic, and angiotensin receptors as exemplar subfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Grogan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3104, 226 CARL Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Emilio Y Lucero
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3104, 226 CARL Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Haoran Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3104, 226 CARL Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Howard A Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3104, 226 CARL Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3104, 226 CARL Building, 12 Durham, NC 27710, USA
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8
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Grimes J, Koszegi Z, Lanoiselée Y, Miljus T, O'Brien SL, Stepniewski TM, Medel-Lacruz B, Baidya M, Makarova M, Mistry R, Goulding J, Drube J, Hoffmann C, Owen DM, Shukla AK, Selent J, Hill SJ, Calebiro D. Plasma membrane preassociation drives β-arrestin coupling to receptors and activation. Cell 2023; 186:2238-2255.e20. [PMID: 37146613 PMCID: PMC7614532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
β-arrestin plays a key role in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and desensitization. Despite recent structural advances, the mechanisms that govern receptor-β-arrestin interactions at the plasma membrane of living cells remain elusive. Here, we combine single-molecule microscopy with molecular dynamics simulations to dissect the complex sequence of events involved in β-arrestin interactions with both receptors and the lipid bilayer. Unexpectedly, our results reveal that β-arrestin spontaneously inserts into the lipid bilayer and transiently interacts with receptors via lateral diffusion on the plasma membrane. Moreover, they indicate that, following receptor interaction, the plasma membrane stabilizes β-arrestin in a longer-lived, membrane-bound state, allowing it to diffuse to clathrin-coated pits separately from the activating receptor. These results expand our current understanding of β-arrestin function at the plasma membrane, revealing a critical role for β-arrestin preassociation with the lipid bilayer in facilitating its interactions with receptors and subsequent activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jak Grimes
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yann Lanoiselée
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tamara Miljus
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Shannon L O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tomasz M Stepniewski
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Brian Medel-Lacruz
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Mithu Baidya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Maria Makarova
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ravi Mistry
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joëlle Goulding
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Julia Drube
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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9
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Borges JI, Suster MS, Lymperopoulos A. Cardiac RGS Proteins in Human Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation: Focus on RGS4. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076136. [PMID: 37047106 PMCID: PMC10147095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are crucial for the termination of G protein signals elicited by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This superfamily of cell membrane receptors, by far the largest and most versatile in mammals, including humans, play pivotal roles in the regulation of cardiac function and homeostasis. Perturbations in both the activation and termination of their G protein-mediated signaling underlie numerous heart pathologies, including heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AFib). Therefore, RGS proteins play important roles in the pathophysiology of these two devasting cardiac diseases, and several of them could be targeted therapeutically. Although close to 40 human RGS proteins have been identified, each RGS protein seems to interact only with a specific set of G protein subunits and GPCR types/subtypes in any given tissue or cell type. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies in animal models, and also in diseased human heart tissue obtained from transplantations or tissue banks, have provided substantial evidence of the roles various cardiomyocyte RGS proteins play in cardiac normal homeostasis as well as pathophysiology. One RGS protein in particular, RGS4, has been reported in what are now decades-old studies to be selectively upregulated in human HF. It has also been implicated in protection against AFib via knockout mice studies. This review summarizes the current understanding of the functional roles of cardiac RGS proteins and their implications for the treatment of HF and AFib, with a specific focus on RGS4 for the aforementioned reasons but also because it can be targeted successfully with small organic molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana I Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverrman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Malka S Suster
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverrman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverrman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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10
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Kaur G, Verma SK, Singh D, Singh NK. Role of G-Proteins and GPCRs in Cardiovascular Pathologies. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010076. [PMID: 36671648 PMCID: PMC9854459 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell signaling is a fundamental process that enables cells to survive under various ecological and environmental contexts and imparts tolerance towards stressful conditions. The basic machinery for cell signaling includes a receptor molecule that senses and receives the signal. The primary form of the signal might be a hormone, light, an antigen, an odorant, a neurotransmitter, etc. Similarly, heterotrimeric G-proteins principally provide communication from the plasma membrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to the inner compartments of the cells to control various biochemical activities. G-protein-coupled signaling regulates different physiological functions in the targeted cell types. This review article discusses G-proteins' signaling and regulation functions and their physiological relevance. In addition, we also elaborate on the role of G-proteins in several cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Kaur
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Verma
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Deepak Singh
- Lloyd Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Nikhlesh K. Singh
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Del Calvo G, Baggio Lopez T, Lymperopoulos A. The therapeutic potential of targeting cardiac RGS4. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 17:17539447231199350. [PMID: 37724539 PMCID: PMC10510358 DOI: 10.1177/17539447231199350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play pivotal roles in regulation of cardiac function and homeostasis. To function properly, every cell needs these receptors to be stimulated only when a specific extracellular stimulus is present, and to be silenced the moment that stimulus is removed. The regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are crucial for the latter to occur at the cell membrane, where the GPCR normally resides. Perturbations in both activation and termination of G protein signaling underlie numerous heart pathologies. Although more than 30 mammalian RGS proteins have been identified, each RGS protein seems to interact only with a specific set of G protein subunits and GPCR types/subtypes in any given tissue or cell type, and this applies to the myocardium as well. A large number of studies have provided substantial evidence for the roles various RGS proteins expressed in cardiomyocytes play in cardiac physiology and heart disease pathophysiology. This review summarizes the current understanding of the functional roles of cardiac RGS proteins and their implications for the treatment of specific heart diseases, such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. We focus on cardiac RGS4 in particular, since this isoform appears to be selectively (among the RGS protein family) upregulated in human heart failure and is also the target of ongoing drug discovery efforts for the treatment of a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Del Calvo
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Baggio Lopez
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, HPD (Terry) Building/Room 1350, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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Carbone AM, Del Calvo G, Nagliya D, Sharma K, Lymperopoulos A. Autonomic Nervous System Regulation of Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Potential Roles for Regulator of G Protein Signaling-4. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6093-6103. [PMID: 36547076 PMCID: PMC9776453 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) or epicardial fat is a visceral fat depot in the heart that contains intrinsic adrenergic and cholinergic nerves, through which it interacts with the cardiac sympathetic (adrenergic) and parasympathetic (cholinergic) nervous systems. These EAT nerves represent a significant source of several adipokines and other bioactive molecules, including norepinephrine, epinephrine, and free fatty acids. The production of these molecules is biologically relevant for the heart, since abnormalities in EAT secretion are implicated in the development of pathological conditions, including coronary atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. Sympathetic hyperactivity and parasympathetic (cholinergic) derangement are associated with EAT dysfunction, leading to a variety of adverse cardiac conditions, such as heart failure, diastolic dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, etc.; therefore, several studies have focused on exploring the autonomic regulation of EAT as it pertains to heart disease pathogenesis and progression. In addition, Regulator of G protein Signaling (RGS)-4 is a protein with significant regulatory roles in both adrenergic and muscarinic receptor signaling in the heart. In this review, we provide an overview of the autonomic regulation of EAT, with a specific focus on cardiac RGS4 and the potential roles this protein plays in this regulation.
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The Traditional Chinese Medicine Gedan Jiangya Decoction Alleviates Left Ventricular Hypertrophy via Suppressing the Ras/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6924197. [PMID: 36437833 PMCID: PMC9699742 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6924197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gedan Jiangya Decoction (GJD), a Chinese herbal medicine composed of six botanical medicines, was designed to treat hypertension (patent published number (CN114246896A)). The overexpression of the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling pathway is essential in developing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). This study aimed to evaluate GJD's effects on LVH in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and examine its potential mechanisms on Ras/ERK1/2 pathway regulation. Thirty-five ten-week-old SHRs were randomly assigned to one of five groups: GJD low dosage, medium dose, high dose, model, and captopril. Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats served as the control group. All rats received a 6-week treatment. The following parameters were measured: systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and serum TGF-beta1. The pathologic structure was determined by H & E staining and Masson. TGF-beta1, Ras, ERK1/2, and C-Fos levels were determined using western blotting and real-time qPCR. SBP, DBP, and LVMI were reduced significantly in the GJD group compared with the model group. GJD inhibited TGF-beta1, Ras, ERK1/2, and C-Fos expression in LVH. In conclusion, GJD reduced the Ras/ERK1/2 pathway expression, which decreased hypertension-induced heart hypertrophy. GJD may protect hypertension-induced myocardial hypertrophy by altering gene expression patterns in the heart.
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Li Z, Mao JY, Zhou XH, Xu ZD. Network Pharmacological Investigation of Sinomenine Action Against Synovitis. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1550.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Lymperopoulos A, Suster MS, Borges JI. Cardiovascular GPCR regulation by regulator of G protein signaling proteins. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 193:145-166. [PMID: 36357075 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play pivotal roles in regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis across all vertebrate species, including humans. In terms of normal cellular function, termination of GPCR signaling via the heterotrimeric G proteins is equally (if not more) important to its stimulation. The Regulator of G protein Signaling (RGS) protein superfamily are indispensable for GPCR signaling cessation at the cell membrane, and thus, for cellular control of GPCR signaling and function. Perturbations in both activation and termination of G protein signaling underlie many examples of cardiovascular dysfunction and heart disease pathogenesis. Despite the plethora of over 30 members comprising the mammalian RGS protein superfamily, each member interacts with a specific set of second messenger pathways and GPCR types/subtypes in a tissue/cell type-specific manner. An increasing number of studies over the past two decades have provided compelling evidence for the involvement of various RGS proteins in physiological regulation of cardiovascular GPCRs and, consequently, also in the pathophysiology of several cardiovascular ailments. This chapter summarizes the current understanding of the functional roles of RGS proteins as they pertain to cardiovascular, i.e., heart, blood vessel, and platelet GPCR function, with a particular focus on their implications for chronic heart failure pathophysiology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
| | - Malka S Suster
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Jordana I Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
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Carbone AM, Borges JI, Suster MS, Sizova A, Cora N, Desimine VL, Lymperopoulos A. Regulator of G-Protein Signaling-4 Attenuates Cardiac Adverse Remodeling and Neuronal Norepinephrine Release-Promoting Free Fatty Acid Receptor FFAR3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5803. [PMID: 35628613 PMCID: PMC9147283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionic acid is a cell nutrient but also a stimulus for cellular signaling. Free fatty acid receptor (FFAR)-3, also known as GPR41, is a Gi/o protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that mediates some of the propionate's actions in cells, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and increased firing/norepinephrine release from peripheral sympathetic neurons. The regulator of G-protein Signaling (RGS)-4 inactivates (terminates) both Gi/o- and Gq-protein signaling and, in the heart, protects against atrial fibrillation via calcium signaling attenuation. RGS4 activity is stimulated by β-adrenergic receptors (ARs) via protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation. Herein, we examined whether RGS4 modulates cardiac FFAR3 signaling/function. We report that RGS4 is essential for dampening of FFAR3 signaling in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, since siRNA-mediated RGS4 depletion significantly enhanced propionate-dependent cAMP lowering, Gi/o activation, p38 MAPK activation, pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 production, and pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β synthesis. Additionally, catecholamine pretreatment blocked propionic acid/FFAR3 signaling via PKA-dependent activation of RGS4 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Finally, RGS4 opposes FFAR3-dependent norepinephrine release from sympathetic-like neurons (differentiated Neuro-2a cells) co-cultured with H9c2 cardiomyocytes, thereby preserving the functional βAR number of the cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, RGS4 appears essential for propionate/FFAR3 signaling attenuation in both cardiomyocytes and sympathetic neurons, leading to cardioprotection against inflammation/adverse remodeling and to sympatholysis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA; (A.M.C.); (J.I.B.); (M.S.S.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (V.L.D.)
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17
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Signaling cascades in the failing heart and emerging therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:134. [PMID: 35461308 PMCID: PMC9035186 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is the end stage of cardiac diseases. With a high prevalence and a high mortality rate worldwide, chronic heart failure is one of the heaviest health-related burdens. In addition to the standard neurohormonal blockade therapy, several medications have been developed for chronic heart failure treatment, but the population-wide improvement in chronic heart failure prognosis over time has been modest, and novel therapies are still needed. Mechanistic discovery and technical innovation are powerful driving forces for therapeutic development. On the one hand, the past decades have witnessed great progress in understanding the mechanism of chronic heart failure. It is now known that chronic heart failure is not only a matter involving cardiomyocytes. Instead, chronic heart failure involves numerous signaling pathways in noncardiomyocytes, including fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells, and crosstalk among these cells. The complex regulatory network includes protein-protein, protein-RNA, and RNA-RNA interactions. These achievements in mechanistic studies provide novel insights for future therapeutic targets. On the other hand, with the development of modern biological techniques, targeting a protein pharmacologically is no longer the sole option for treating chronic heart failure. Gene therapy can directly manipulate the expression level of genes; gene editing techniques provide hope for curing hereditary cardiomyopathy; cell therapy aims to replace dysfunctional cardiomyocytes; and xenotransplantation may solve the problem of donor heart shortages. In this paper, we reviewed these two aspects in the field of failing heart signaling cascades and emerging therapeutic strategies based on modern biological techniques.
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RGS3L allows for an M 2 muscarinic receptor-mediated RhoA-dependent inotropy in cardiomyocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:8. [PMID: 35230541 PMCID: PMC8888479 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The role and outcome of the muscarinic M2 acetylcholine receptor (M2R) signaling in healthy and diseased cardiomyocytes is still a matter of debate. Here, we report that the long isoform of the regulator of G protein signaling 3 (RGS3L) functions as a switch in the muscarinic signaling, most likely of the M2R, in primary cardiomyocytes. High levels of RGS3L, as found in heart failure, redirect the Gi-mediated Rac1 activation into a Gi-mediated RhoA/ROCK activation. Functionally, this switch resulted in a reduced production of reactive oxygen species (- 50%) in cardiomyocytes and an inotropic response (+ 18%) in transduced engineered heart tissues. Importantly, we could show that an adeno-associated virus 9-mediated overexpression of RGS3L in rats in vivo, increased the contractility of ventricular strips by maximally about twofold. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that this switch is mediated by a complex formation of RGS3L with the GTPase-activating protein p190RhoGAP, which balances the activity of RhoA and Rac1 by altering its substrate preference in cardiomyocytes. Enhancement of this complex formation could open new possibilities in the regulation of the contractility of the diseased heart.
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RGS5-TGFβ-Smad2/3 axis switches pro- to anti-apoptotic signaling in tumor-residing pericytes, assisting tumor growth. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3052-3076. [PMID: 34012071 PMCID: PMC8564526 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulator-of-G-protein-signaling-5 (RGS5), a pro-apoptotic/anti-proliferative protein, is a signature molecule of tumor-associated pericytes, highly expressed in several cancers, and is associated with tumor growth and poor prognosis. Surprisingly, despite the negative influence of intrinsic RGS5 expression on pericyte survival, RGS5highpericytes accumulate in progressively growing tumors. However, responsible factor(s) and altered-pathway(s) are yet to report. RGS5 binds with Gαi/q and promotes pericyte apoptosis in vitro, subsequently blocking GPCR-downstream PI3K-AKT signaling leading to Bcl2 downregulation and promotion of PUMA-p53-Bax-mediated mitochondrial damage. However, within tumor microenvironment (TME), TGFβ appeared to limit the cytocidal action of RGS5 in tumor-residing RGS5highpericytes. We observed that in the presence of high RGS5 concentrations, TGFβ-TGFβR interactions in the tumor-associated pericytes lead to the promotion of pSmad2-RGS5 binding and nuclear trafficking of RGS5, which coordinately suppressed RGS5-Gαi/q and pSmad2/3-Smad4 pairing. The RGS5-TGFβ-pSmad2 axis thus mitigates both RGS5- and TGFβ-dependent cellular apoptosis, resulting in sustained pericyte survival/expansion within the TME by rescuing PI3K-AKT signaling and preventing mitochondrial damage and caspase activation. This study reports a novel mechanism by which TGFβ fortifies and promotes survival of tumor pericytes by switching pro- to anti-apoptotic RGS5 signaling in TME. Understanding this altered RGS5 signaling might prove beneficial in designing future cancer therapy.
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20
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Desai MS. Mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Anal Biochem 2021; 636:114388. [PMID: 34587512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial dysfunction in end stage cirrhotic liver disease, termed cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, is a long known, but little understood comorbidity seen in ∼50% of adults and children who present for liver transplantation. Structural, functional, hemodynamic and electrocardiographic aberrations that occur in the heart as a direct consequence of a damaged liver, is associated with multi-organ failure and increased mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing surgical procedures such as porto-systemic shunt placement and liver transplantation. Despite its clinical significance and rapid advances in science and pharmacotherapy, there is yet no specific treatment for this disease. This may be due to a lack of understanding of the pathogenesis and mechanisms behind how a cirrhotic liver causes cardiac pathology. This review will focus specifically on insights into the molecular mechanisms that drive this liver-heart interaction. Deeper understanding of the etio-pathogenesis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy will allow us to design and test treatments that can be targeted to prevent and/or reverse this co-morbid consequence of liver failure and improve health care delivery and outcomes in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreshwar S Desai
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine and Liver ICU. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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21
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Xie H, Zhou F, Wu Y. Severe Bradyarrhythmia During Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Treatment of Infantile Spasms. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 122:20. [PMID: 34252637 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Faliang Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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22
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RGS14 Regulation of Post-Synaptic Signaling and Spine Plasticity in Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136823. [PMID: 34201943 PMCID: PMC8268017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulator of G-protein signaling 14 (RGS14) is a multifunctional signaling protein that regulates post synaptic plasticity in neurons. RGS14 is expressed in the brain regions essential for learning, memory, emotion, and stimulus-induced behaviors, including the basal ganglia, limbic system, and cortex. Behaviorally, RGS14 regulates spatial and object memory, female-specific responses to cued fear conditioning, and environmental- and psychostimulant-induced locomotion. At the cellular level, RGS14 acts as a scaffolding protein that integrates G protein, Ras/ERK, and calcium/calmodulin signaling pathways essential for spine plasticity and cell signaling, allowing RGS14 to naturally suppress long-term potentiation (LTP) and structural plasticity in hippocampal area CA2 pyramidal cells. Recent proteomics findings indicate that RGS14 also engages the actomyosin system in the brain, perhaps to impact spine morphogenesis. Of note, RGS14 is also a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, where its role in the nucleus remains uncertain. Balanced nuclear import/export and dendritic spine localization are likely essential for RGS14 neuronal functions as a regulator of synaptic plasticity. Supporting this idea, human genetic variants disrupting RGS14 localization also disrupt RGS14’s effects on plasticity. This review will focus on the known and unexplored roles of RGS14 in cell signaling, physiology, disease and behavior.
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Couch LS, Fiedler J, Chick G, Clayton R, Dries E, Wienecke LM, Fu L, Fourre J, Pandey P, Derda AA, Wang BX, Jabbour R, Shanmuganathan M, Wright P, Lyon AR, Terracciano CM, Thum T, Harding SE. Circulating microRNAs predispose to takotsubo syndrome following high-dose adrenaline exposure. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1758-1770. [PMID: 34155498 PMCID: PMC9214785 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute heart failure, typically triggered by high adrenaline during physical or emotional stress. It is distinguished from myocardial infarction (MI) by a characteristic pattern of ventricular basal hypercontractility with hypokinesis of apical segments, and in the absence of culprit coronary occlusion. We aimed to understand whether recently discovered circulating biomarkers miR-16 and miR-26a, which differentiate TTS from MI at presentation, were mechanistically involved in the pathophysiology of TTS. METHODS AND RESULTS miR-16 and miR-26a were co-overexpressed in rats with AAV and TTS induced with an adrenaline bolus. Untreated isolated rat cardiomyocytes were transfected with pre-/anti-miRs and functionally assessed. Ventricular basal hypercontraction and apical depression were accentuated in miR-transfected animals after induction of TTS. In vitro miR-16 and/or miR-26a overexpression in isolated apical (but not basal), cardiomyocytes produced strong depression of contraction, with loss of adrenaline sensitivity. They also enhanced the initial positive inotropic effect of adrenaline in basal cells. Decreased contractility after TTS-miRs was reproduced in non-failing human apical cardiomyocytes. Bioinformatic profiling of miR targets, followed by expression assays and functional experiments, identified reductions of CACNB1 (L-type calcium channel Cavβ subunit), RGS4 (regulator of G-protein signalling 4), and G-protein subunit Gβ (GNB1) as underlying these effects. CONCLUSION miR-16 and miR-26a sensitize the heart to TTS-like changes produced by adrenaline. Since these miRs have been associated with anxiety and depression, they could provide a mechanism whereby priming of the heart by previous stress causes an increased likelihood of TTS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam S Couch
- Corresponding author. Tel: +44 207 594 3009, E-mail:
| | - Jan Fiedler
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Giles Chick
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rory Clayton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eef Dries
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laura M Wienecke
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK,Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lu Fu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK,Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jerome Fourre
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pragati Pandey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anselm A Derda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK,Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Brian X Wang
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Jabbour
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Peter Wright
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK,Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Alexander R Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK,Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Thomas Thum
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK,Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Guo J, Hang P, Yu J, Li W, Zhao X, Sun Y, Fan Z, Du Z. The association between RGS4 and choline in cardiac fibrosis. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:46. [PMID: 33892733 PMCID: PMC8063380 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial fibrosis is caused by the adverse and powerful remodeling of the heart secondary to the death of cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction. Regulators of G protein Signaling (RGS) 4 is involved in cardiac diseases through regulating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Methods Cardiac fibrosis models were established through cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) treatment with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in vitro and mice subjected to myocardial infarction in vivo. The mRNA expression of RGS4, collagen I/III and α-SMA detected by qRT-PCR. Protein level of RGS4, collagen I, CTGF and α-SMA detected by Western blot. The ejection fraction (EF%) and fractional shortening (FS%) of mice were measured by echocardiography. Collagen deposition of mice was tested by Masson staining. Results The expression of RGS4 increased in CFs treatment with TGF-β1 and in MI mice. The model of cardiac fibrosis detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. It was demonstrated that inhibition of RGS4 expression improved cardiac fibrosis by transfection with small interfering RNA in CFs and injection with lentivirus shRNA in mice. The protective effect of choline against cardiac fibrosis was counteracted by overexpression of RGS4 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, choline inhibited the protein level of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 in CFs treated with TGF-β1, which were restored by RGS4 overexpression. Conclusion This study demonstrated that RGS4 promoted cardiac fibrosis and attenuated the anti-cardiac fibrosis of choline. RGS4 may weaken anti-cardiac fibrosis of choline through TGF-β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. ![]()
Video Abstract: Video Byte of this article
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material availlable at 10.1186/s12964-020-00682-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengzhou Hang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuye Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Fan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Quality Reserch in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau, 150086, People's Republic of China.
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Ali DC, Naveed M, Gordon A, Majeed F, Saeed M, Ogbuke MI, Atif M, Zubair HM, Changxing L. β-Adrenergic receptor, an essential target in cardiovascular diseases. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 25:343-354. [PMID: 31407140 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptors (βARs) belong to a large family of cell surface receptors known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). They are coupled to Gs protein (Gαs) for the activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) yielding cyclic AMP (CAMP), and this provides valuable responses, which can affect the cardiac function such as injury. The binding of an agonist to βAR enhances conformation changes that lead to the Gαs subtype of heterotrimeric G protein which is the AC stimulatory G protein for activation of CAMP in the cells. However, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been reported as having an increased rate of death and β1AR, and β2AR are a promising tool that improves the regulatory function in the cardiovascular system (CVS) via signaling. It increases the Gα level, which activates βAR kinase (βARK) that affects and enhances the progression of heart failure (HF) through the activation of cardiomyocyte βARs. We also explained that an increase in GPCR kinases (GRKs) would practically improve the HF pathogenesis and this occurs via the desensitization of βARs, which causes the loss of contractile reserve. The consistency or overstimulation of catecholamines contributes to CVD such as stroke, HF, and cardiac hypertrophy. When there is a decrease in catecholamine responsiveness, it causes aging in old people because the reduction of βAR sensitivity and density in the myocardium enhances downregulation of βARs to AC in the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chikere Ali
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Life Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Gordon
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fatima Majeed
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 6300, Punjab Province, Pakistan
| | - Michael I Ogbuke
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab Province, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Changxing
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Xiao B, Liu F, Jin YH, Jin YQ, Wang L, Lu JC, Yang XC. Renal sympathetic denervation attenuates left ventricle hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats by suppressing the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 43:142-150. [PMID: 33070656 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1833022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) on left ventricle hypertrophy and the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS SHRs were divided into SHR, SHR + Sham, SHR + RSD and SHR + U0126 groups, with WKY rats as the baseline controls. The blood pressure of rats was observed, while myocardial fibrosis was evaluated through Masson staining. Thereafter, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out to determine the levels of myocardial-hypertrophy-related markers, and Western blotting was used to measure the activity of the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. RESULTS In comparison with the WKY group, significant increases were observed in the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure of rats from the other four groups at different time points after surgery. In addition, rats in these groups had obvious increases in LVMI, renal NE and IVSd and decreases in LVEDd, LVEF and LVFS. In addition, the CVF of myocardial tissues was increased, with the upregulation of ANP, BNP and β-MHC and the downregulation of α-MHC. For the activity of the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, the levels of p-Raf/Raf, p-MEK/MEK and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 were all remarkably elevated (all P < .05). Further comparison with the SHR group showed that the above indexes in the rats were significantly improved in the RSD group and SHR + U0126 group (all P < .05). CONCLUSION RSD may decrease blood pressure, mitigate hypertension-induced left ventricle hypertrophy and improve cardiac function efficiently in SHRs via the suppression of the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ye-Hui Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing-Chao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiu-Chun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
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27
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McNabb HJ, Zhang Q, Sjögren B. Emerging Roles for Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 in (Patho)physiology. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:751-760. [PMID: 32973086 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in the mid-1990s, regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins have emerged as key regulators of signaling through G protein-coupled receptors. Among the over 20 known RGS proteins, RGS2 has received increasing interest as a potential therapeutic drug target with broad clinical implications. RGS2 is a member of the R4 subfamily of RGS proteins and is unique in that it is selective for Gα q Despite only having an RGS domain, responsible for the canonical GTPase activating protein activity, RGS2 can regulate additional processes, such as protein synthesis and adenylate cyclase activity, through protein-protein interactions. Here we provide an update of the current knowledge of RGS2 function as it relates to molecular mechanisms of regulation as well as its potential role in regulating a number of physiologic systems and pathologies, including cardiovascular disease and central nervous system disorders, as well as various forms of cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins represent an exciting class of novel drug targets. RGS2, in particular, could have broad clinical importance. As more details are emerging on the regulation of RGS2 in various physiological systems, the potential utility of this small protein in therapeutic development is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison J McNabb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Benita Sjögren
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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28
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Almutairi F, Lee JK, Rada B. Regulator of G protein signaling 10: Structure, expression and functions in cellular physiology and diseases. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109765. [PMID: 32882407 PMCID: PMC7579743 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signaling 10 (RGS10) belongs to the superfamily of RGS proteins, defined by the presence of a conserved RGS domain that canonically binds and deactivates heterotrimeric G-proteins. RGS proteins act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), which accelerate GTP hydrolysis on the G-protein α subunits and result in termination of signaling pathways downstream of G protein-coupled receptors. RGS10 is the smallest protein of the D/R12 subfamily and selectively interacts with Gαi proteins. It is widely expressed in many cells and tissues, with the highest expression found in the brain and immune cells. RGS10 expression is transcriptionally regulated via epigenetic mechanisms. Although RGS10 lacks multiple of the defined regulatory domains found in other RGS proteins, RGS10 contains post-translational modification sites regulating its expression, localization, and function. Additionally, RGS10 is a critical protein in the regulation of physiological processes in multiple cells, where dysregulation of its expression has been implicated in various diseases including Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, osteopetrosis, chemoresistant ovarian cancer and cardiac hypertrophy. This review summarizes RGS10 features and its regulatory mechanisms, and discusses the known functions of RGS10 in cellular physiology and pathogenesis of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jae-Kyung Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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29
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Regulators of G protein signalling as pharmacological targets for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105148. [PMID: 32858121 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, a specific type of chronic pain resulting from persistent nervous tissue lesions, is a debilitating condition that affects about 7% of the population. This condition remains particularly difficult to treat because of the poor understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Drugs currently used to alleviate this chronic pain syndrome are of limited benefit due to their lack of efficacy and the elevated risk of side effects, especially after a prolonged period of treatment. Although drugs targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) also have several limitations, such as progressive loss of efficacy due to receptor desensitization or unavoidable side effects due to wide receptor distribution, the identification of several molecular partners that contribute to the fine-tuning of receptor activity has raised new opportunities for the development of alternative therapeutic approaches. Regulators of G protein signalling (RGS) act intracellularly by influencing the coupling process and activity of G proteins, and are amongst the best-characterized physiological modulators of GPCR. Changes in RGS expression have been documented in a range of models of neuropathic pain, or after prolonged treatment with diverse analgesics, and could participate in altered pain processing as well as impaired physiological or pharmacological control of nociceptive signals. The present review summarizes the experimental data that implicates RGS in the development of pain with focus on the pathological mechanisms of neuropathic pain, including the impact of neuropathic lesions on RGS expression and, reciprocally, the influence of modifying RGS on GPCRs involved in the modulation of nociception as well as on the outcome of pain. In this context, we address the question of the relevance of RGS as promising targets in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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30
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Huang R, Li G, Zhao Z, Zeng F, Zhang K, Liu Y, Wang K, Hu H. RGS16 promotes glioma progression and serves as a prognostic factor. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:791-803. [PMID: 32319728 PMCID: PMC7366748 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RGS protein family members have recently became new potentially promising therapeutic targets in many cancers. However, as a key member of RGS family, RGS16 has seldom been studied in glioma. The present study was designed to investigate the prognostic value and biological function of RGS16 based on large‐scale databases and functional assays in vitro. Methods Here, we performed comprehensive analysis for the expression characteristic of RGS16 in Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) microarray database with 301 patients and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray and RNA sequencing database. Student's t‐test, one‐way ANOVA test and long‐rank test were used to assess differences between groups. Kaplan‐Meier survival, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis and ROC curve were used to estimate the survival distributions. Biological implication of abnormal expression of RGS16 in glioma was also explored. Functional analysis of RGS16 was performed in several glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines. R language and SPSS were used for statistical analysis and graphical work. Results We found that the expression of RGS16 was positively related to the grade of glioma. High level of RGS16 commonly gathered in glioma of mesenchymal subtype and wild‐type IDH1. Moreover, higher expression level of RGS16 was found to be significantly correlated with poor prognosis. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis and ROC curve showed that RGS16 was an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients. Gene ontology analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and gene set variation analysis suggested that the overexpression of RGS16 tightly related to cell proliferation, migration, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune and inflammatory response of glioma. Knockdown of RGS16 in glioma cell lines also showed that RGS16 promoted the malignant progress of glioma cell lines. Conclusions RGS16 plays an important role in glioma progression and serves as an independent prognostic factor, especially in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Huang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Guanzhang Li
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Kenan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuanyu Wang
- Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China.,Department of Gamma Knife Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG), Beijing, China
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31
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Essandoh K, Philippe JM, Jenkins PM, Brody MJ. Palmitoylation: A Fatty Regulator of Myocardial Electrophysiology. Front Physiol 2020; 11:108. [PMID: 32140110 PMCID: PMC7042378 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cardiac physiology is well known to occur through the action of kinases that reversibly phosphorylate ion channels, calcium handling machinery, and signaling effectors. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that palmitoylation or S-acylation, the post-translational modification of cysteines with saturated fatty acids, plays instrumental roles in regulating the localization, activity, stability, sorting, and function of numerous proteins, including proteins known to have essential functions in cardiomyocytes. However, the impact of this modification on cardiac physiology requires further investigation. S-acylation is catalyzed by the zDHHC family of S-acyl transferases that localize to intracellular organelle membranes or the sarcolemma. Recent work has begun to uncover functions of S-acylation in the heart, particularly in the regulation of cardiac electrophysiology, including modification of the sodium-calcium exchanger, phospholemman and the cardiac sodium pump, as well as the voltage-gated sodium channel. Elucidating the regulatory functions of zDHHC enzymes in cardiomyocytes and determination of how S-acylation is altered in the diseased heart will shed light on how these modifications participate in cardiac pathogenesis and potentially identify novel targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Indeed, proteins with critical signaling roles in the heart are also S-acylated, including receptors and G-proteins, yet the dynamics and functions of these modifications in myocardial physiology have not been interrogated. Here, we will review what is known about zDHHC enzymes and substrate S-acylation in myocardial physiology and highlight future areas of investigation that will uncover novel functions of S-acylation in cardiac homeostasis and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobina Essandoh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Julie M Philippe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Paul M Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Matthew J Brody
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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32
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Yazdani A, Yazdani A, Méndez Giráldez R, Aguilar D, Sartore L. A Multi-Trait Approach Identified Genetic Variants Including a Rare Mutation in RGS3 with Impact on Abnormalities of Cardiac Structure/Function. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5845. [PMID: 30971721 PMCID: PMC6458140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a major cause for premature death. Given the heterogeneity of the heart failure syndrome, identifying genetic determinants of cardiac function and structure may provide greater insights into heart failure. Despite progress in understanding the genetic basis of heart failure through genome wide association studies, the heritability of heart failure is not well understood. Gaining further insights into mechanisms that contribute to heart failure requires systematic approaches that go beyond single trait analysis. We integrated a Bayesian multi-trait approach and a Bayesian networks for the analysis of 10 correlated traits of cardiac structure and function measured across 3387 individuals with whole exome sequence data. While using single-trait based approaches did not find any significant genetic variant, applying the integrative Bayesian multi-trait approach, we identified 3 novel variants located in genes, RGS3, CHD3, and MRPL38 with significant impact on the cardiac traits such as left ventricular volume index, parasternal long axis interventricular septum thickness, and mean left ventricular wall thickness. Among these, the rare variant NC_000009.11:g.116346115C > A (rs144636307) in RGS3 showed pleiotropic effect on left ventricular mass index, left ventricular volume index and maximal left atrial anterior-posterior diameter while RGS3 can inhibit TGF-beta signaling associated with left ventricle dilation and systolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Yazdani
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Climax Data Pattern, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Azam Yazdani
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raúl Méndez Giráldez
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Luca Sartore
- National Institute of Statistical Science, Washington, DC, USA
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33
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Engelhardt B, Holze J, Elliott C, Baillie GS, Kschischo M, Fröhlich H. Modelling and mathematical analysis of the M$_{2}$ receptor-dependent joint signalling and secondary messenger network in CHO cells. MATHEMATICAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF THE IMA 2018; 35:279-297. [PMID: 28505258 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The muscarinic M$_{2}$ receptor is a prominent member of the GPCR family and strongly involved in heart diseases. Recently published experimental work explored the cellular response to iperoxo-induced M$_{2}$ receptor stimulation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. To better understand these responses, we modelled and analysed the muscarinic M$_{2}$ receptor-dependent signalling pathway combined with relevant secondary messenger molecules using mass action. In our literature-based joint signalling and secondary messenger model, all binding and phosphorylation events are explicitly taken into account in order to enable subsequent stoichiometric matrix analysis. We propose constraint flux sampling (CFS) as a method to characterize the expected shift of the steady state reaction flux distribution due to the known amount of cAMP production and PDE4 activation. CFS correctly predicts an experimentally observable influence on the cytoskeleton structure (marked by actin and tubulin) and in consequence a change of the optical density of cells. In a second step, we use CFS to simulate the effect of knock-out experiments within our biological system, and thus to rank the influence of individual molecules on the observed change of the optical cell density. In particular, we confirm the relevance of the protein RGS14, which is supported by current literature. A combination of CFS with Elementary Flux Mode analysis enabled us to determine the possible underlying mechanism. Our analysis suggests that mathematical tools developed for metabolic network analysis can also be applied to mixed secondary messenger and signalling models. This could be very helpful to perform model checking with little effort and to generate hypotheses for further research if parameters are not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Engelhardt
- Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Dahlmannstr. 2, Bonn, Germany and DFG Research Training Group 1873
| | - Janine Holze
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Elliott
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - George S Baillie
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maik Kschischo
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, RheinAhrCampus, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2, Remagen, Germany
| | - Holger Fröhlich
- Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Dahlmannstr. 2, Bonn, Germany
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Perschbacher KJ, Deng G, Fisher RA, Gibson-Corley KN, Santillan MK, Grobe JL. Regulators of G protein signaling in cardiovascular function during pregnancy. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:590-604. [PMID: 29702036 PMCID: PMC6139632 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00037.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor signaling mechanisms are implicated in many aspects of cardiovascular control, and dysfunction of such signaling mechanisms is commonly associated with disease states. Investigators have identified a large number of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins that variously contribute to the modulation of intracellular second-messenger signaling kinetics. These many RGS proteins each interact with a specific set of second-messenger cascades and receptor types and exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns. Increasing evidence supports the contribution of RGS proteins, or their loss, in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular dysfunctions. This review summarizes the current understanding of the functional contributions of RGS proteins, particularly within the B/R4 family, in cardiovascular disorders of pregnancy including gestational hypertension, uterine artery dysfunction, and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guorui Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Rory A Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
- UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark K Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
- UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
- UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
- Fraternal Order of Eagles' Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
- Obesity Education & Research Initiative, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
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35
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Alqinyah M, Hooks SB. Regulating the regulators: Epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational regulation of RGS proteins. Cell Signal 2017; 42:77-87. [PMID: 29042285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) are a family of proteins classically known to accelerate the intrinsic GTPase activity of G proteins, which results in accelerated inactivation of heterotrimeric G proteins and inhibition of G protein coupled receptor signaling. RGS proteins play major roles in essential cellular processes, and dysregulation of RGS protein expression is implicated in multiple diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The expression of RGS proteins is highly dynamic and is regulated by epigenetic, transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. This review summarizes studies that report dysregulation of RGS protein expression in disease states, and presents examples of drugs that regulate RGS protein expression. Additionally, this review discusses, in detail, the transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating RGS protein expression, and further assesses the therapeutic potential of targeting these mechanisms. Understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling the expression of RGS proteins is essential for the development of therapeutics that indirectly modulate G protein signaling by regulating expression of RGS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alqinyah
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Shelley B Hooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Prolonged AT 1R activation induces Ca V1.2 channel internalization in rat cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10131. [PMID: 28860469 PMCID: PMC5578992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac L-type calcium channel is a multi-subunit complex that requires co-assembling of the pore-forming subunit CaV1.2 with auxiliary subunits CaVα2δ and CaVβ. Its traffic has been shown to be controlled by these subunits and by the activation of various G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Here, we explore the consequences of the prolonged activation of angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R) over CaV1.2 channel trafficking. Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) assay between β-arrestin and L-type channels in angiotensin II-stimulated cells was used to assess the functional consequence of AT1R activation, while immunofluorescence of adult rat cardiomyocytes revealed the effects of GPCR activation on CaV1.2 trafficking. Angiotensin II exposure results in β-arrestin1 recruitment to the channel complex and an apparent loss of CaV1.2 immunostaining at the T-tubules. Accordingly, angiotensin II stimulation causes a decrease in L-type current, Ca2+ transients and myocyte contractility, together with a faster repolarization phase of action potentials. Our results demonstrate that prolonged AT1R activation induces β-arrestin1 recruitment and the subsequent internalization of CaV1.2 channels with a half-dose of AngII on the order of 100 nM, suggesting that this effect depends on local renin-angiotensin system. This novel AT1R-dependent CaV1.2-trafficking modulation likely contributes to angiotensin II-mediated cardiac remodeling.
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Sjögren B. The evolution of regulators of G protein signalling proteins as drug targets - 20 years in the making: IUPHAR Review 21. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:427-437. [PMID: 28098342 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signalling (RGS) proteins are celebrating the 20th anniversary of their discovery. The unveiling of this new family of negative regulators of G protein signalling in the mid-1990s solved a persistent conundrum in the G protein signalling field, in which the rate of deactivation of signalling cascades in vivo could not be replicated in exogenous systems. Since then, there has been tremendous advancement in the knowledge of RGS protein structure, function, regulation and their role as novel drug targets. RGS proteins play an important modulatory role through their GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity at active, GTP-bound Gα subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. They also possess many non-canonical functions not related to G protein signalling. Here, an update on the status of RGS proteins as drug targets is provided, highlighting advances that have led to the inclusion of RGS proteins in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY database of drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sjögren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Rorabaugh BR, Chakravarti B, Mabe NW, Seeley SL, Bui AD, Yang J, Watts SW, Neubig RR, Fisher RA. Regulator of G Protein Signaling 6 Protects the Heart from Ischemic Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:409-416. [PMID: 28035008 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.238345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gαi-coupled receptors play important roles in protecting the heart from ischemic injury. Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins suppress Gαi signaling by accelerating the GTPase activity of Gαi subunits. However, the roles of individual RGS proteins in modulating ischemic injury are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of RGS6 deletion on myocardial sensitivity to ischemic injury. Hearts from RGS6 knockout (RGS6-/-) and RGS6 wild-type (RGS6+/+) mice were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion on a Langendorff heart apparatus. Infarcts in RGS6-/- hearts were significantly larger than infarcts in RGS6+/+ hearts. RGS6-/- hearts also exhibited increased phosphorylation of β2-adrenergic receptors and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). Mitochondrial GRK2 as well as caspase-3 cleavage were increased significantly in RGS6-/- hearts compared with RGS6+/+ hearts after ischemia. Chronic propranolol treatment of mice prevented the observed increases in ischemic injury and the GRK2 phosphorylation observed in RGS6-/- hearts. Our findings suggest that loss of RGS6 predisposes the ventricle to prodeath signaling through a β2AR-GRK2-dependent signaling mechanism, and they provide evidence for a protective role of RGS6 in the ischemic heart. Individuals expressing genetic polymorphisms that suppress the activity of RGS6 may be at increased risk of cardiac ischemic injury. Furthermore, the development of agents that increase RGS6 expression or activity might provide a novel strategy for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyd R Rorabaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Bandana Chakravarti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Nathaniel W Mabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Sarah L Seeley
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Albert D Bui
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Jianqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
| | - Rory A Fisher
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio (B.R.R., N.W.M., S.L.S., A.D.B.); Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (B.C., J.Y., R.A.F.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (S.W.W., R.R.N.)
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Shu J, Zhang F, Zhang L, Wei W. G protein coupled receptors signaling pathways implicate in inflammatory and immune response of rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Res 2016; 66:379-387. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-1011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Regulator of G protein signalling 14 attenuates cardiac remodelling through the MEK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:47. [PMID: 27298141 PMCID: PMC4906057 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the past 10 years, several publications have highlighted the role of the regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) family in multiple diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. As one of the multifunctional family members, RGS14 is involved in various biological processes, such as synaptic plasticity, cell division, and phagocytosis. However, the role of RGS14 in cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. In the present study, we used a genetic approach to examine the role of RGS14 in pathological cardiac remodelling in vivo and in vitro. We observed that RGS14 was down-regulated in human failing hearts, murine hypertrophic hearts, and isolated hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Moreover, the extent of aortic banding-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis was exacerbated in RGS14 knockout mice, whereas RGS14 transgenic mice exhibited a significantly alleviated response to pressure overload. Furthermore, research of the underlying mechanism revealed that the RGS14-dependent rescue of cardiac remodelling was attributed to the abrogation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)–extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 signalling. The results showed that constitutive activation of MEK1 nullified the cardiac protection in RGS14 transgenic mice, and inhibition of MEK–ERK1/2 by U0126 reversed RGS14 deletion-related hypertrophic aggravation. These results demonstrated that RGS14 attenuated the development of cardiac remodelling through MEK–ERK1/2 signalling. RGS14 exhibited great potential as a target for the treatment of pathological cardiac remodelling.
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Huang J, Chen L, Yao Y, Tang C, Ding J, Fu C, Li H, Ma G. Pivotal Role of Regulator of G-protein Signaling 12 in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Hypertension 2016; 67:1228-36. [PMID: 27091895 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a major predictor of heart failure and is regulated by diverse signaling pathways. As a typical multi-domain member of the regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) family, RGS12 plays a regulatory role in various signaling pathways. However, the precise effect of RGS12 on cardiac hypertrophy remains largely unknown. In this study, we observed increased expression of RGS12 in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. We then generated genetically engineered mice and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to investigate the effects of RGS12 during this pathological process. Four weeks after aortic banding, RGS12-deficient hearts showed decreased cardiomyocyte cross area (374.7±43.2 μm(2) versus 487.1±47.9 μm(2) in controls; P<0.05) with preserved fractional shortening (43.0±3.4% versus 28.4±2.2% in controls; P<0.05), whereas RGS12-overexpressing hearts exhibited increased cardiomyocyte cross area (582.4±46.7 μm(2) versus 474.8±40.0 μm(2) in controls; P<0.05) and reduced fractional shortening (20.8±4.1% versus 28.6±3.2% in controls; P<0.05). RGS12 also contributed to angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in isolated cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, our data indicated that the activation of MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling may be responsible for the prohypertrophic action of RGS12. In addition, the requirement of the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling for RGS12-mediated cardiac hypertrophy was confirmed in rescue experiments using the MEK1/2-specific inhibitor U0126. In conclusion, our findings provide a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (J.H., L.C., Y.Y., C.T., J.D., C.F., G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.)
| | - Lijuan Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (J.H., L.C., Y.Y., C.T., J.D., C.F., G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.)
| | - Yuyu Yao
- From the Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (J.H., L.C., Y.Y., C.T., J.D., C.F., G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.)
| | - Chengchun Tang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (J.H., L.C., Y.Y., C.T., J.D., C.F., G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.)
| | - Jiandong Ding
- From the Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (J.H., L.C., Y.Y., C.T., J.D., C.F., G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.)
| | - Cong Fu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (J.H., L.C., Y.Y., C.T., J.D., C.F., G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (J.H., L.C., Y.Y., C.T., J.D., C.F., G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.)
| | - Genshan Ma
- From the Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (J.H., L.C., Y.Y., C.T., J.D., C.F., G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China (H.L.).
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Hayashi H, Al Mamun A, Sakima M, Sato M. Activator of G-protein signaling 8 is involved in VEGF-mediated signal processing during angiogenesis. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1210-22. [PMID: 26826188 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.181883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Activator of G-protein signaling 8 (AGS8, also known as FNDC1) is a receptor-independent accessory protein for the Gβγ subunit, which was isolated from rat heart subjected to repetitive transient ischemia with the substantial development of collaterals. Here, we report the role of AGS8 in vessel formation by endothelial cells. Knockdown of AGS8 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tube formation, as well as VEGF-stimulated cell growth and migration. VEGF stimulated the phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2, also known as KDR), ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK; however, knockdown of AGS8 inhibited these signaling events. Signal alterations by AGS8 siRNA were associated with a decrease of cell surface VEGFR-2 and an increase of VEGFR-2 in the cytosol. Endocytosis blockers did not influence the decrease of VEGFR-2 by AGS8 siRNA, suggesting the involvement of AGS8 in VEGFR-2 trafficking to the plasma membrane. VEGFR-2 formed a complex with AGS8 in cells, and a peptide designed to disrupt AGS8-Gβγ interaction inhibited VEGF-induced tube formation. These data suggest a potential role for AGS8-Gβγ in VEGF signal processing. AGS8 might play a key role in tissue adaptation by regulating angiogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaki Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Miho Sakima
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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Conde K, Meza C, Kelly MJ, Sinchak K, Wagner EJ. Estradiol Rapidly Attenuates ORL-1 Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Proopiomelanocortin Neurons via Gq-Coupled, Membrane-Initiated Signaling. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:787-805. [PMID: 26765570 PMCID: PMC4947458 DOI: 10.1159/000443765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol rapidly regulates the activity of arcuate nucleus (ARH) proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons that project to the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) to regulate lordosis. Orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N) acts via opioid receptor-like (ORL)-1 receptors to inhibit these POMC neurons. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that estradiol excites POMC neurons by rapidly attenuating inhibitory ORL-1 signaling in these cells. Hypothalamic slices through the ARH were prepared from ovariectomized rats injected with Fluorogold into the MPN. Electrophysiological recordings were generated in ARH neurons held at or near -60 mV, and neuronal phenotype was determined post hoc by immunohistofluorescence. OFQ/N application induced robust outward currents and hyperpolarizations via G protein-gated, inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels that were attenuated by pretreatment with either 17-β estradiol (E2) or E2 conjugated to bovine serum albumin. This was blocked by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182,780 and mimicked by the Gq-coupled membrane ER (Gq-mER) ligand STX and the ERα agonist PPT. Inhibiting phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) blocked the estrogenic attenuation of ORL-1/GIRK currents. Antagonizing either phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase A (PKA) or neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) also abrogated E2 inhibition of ORL-1/GIRK currents, whereas activation of PKC, PKA, protein kinase B (Akt) and nNOS substrate L-arginine all attenuated the OFQ/N response. This was observed in 92 MPN-projecting, POMC-positive ARH neurons. Thus, ORL-1 receptor-mediated inhibition of POMC neurons is rapidly and negatively modulated by E2, an effect which is stereoselective and membrane initiated via Gq-mER and ERα activation that signals through PLC, PKC, PKA, PI3K and nNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Conde
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Cecilia Meza
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Martin J. Kelly
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Kevin Sinchak
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840
| | - Edward J. Wagner
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766
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Miao R, Lu Y, Xing X, Li Y, Huang Z, Zhong H, Huang Y, Chen AF, Tang X, Li H, Cai J, Yuan H. Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 10 Negatively Regulates Cardiac Remodeling by Blocking Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase–Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase 1/2 Signaling. Hypertension 2016; 67:86-98. [PMID: 26573707 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of G-protein signaling 10 (RGS10) is an important member of the RGS family and produces biological effects in multiple organs. We used a genetic approach to study the role of RGS10 in the regulation of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and found that RGS10 can negatively influence pressure overload–induced cardiac remodeling. RGS10 expression was markedly decreased in failing human hearts and hypertrophic murine hearts. The extent of aortic banding–induced cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction, and fibrosis in RGS10-knockout mice was exacerbated, whereas the heart of transgenic mice with cardiac-specific RGS10 overexpression exhibited an alleviated response to pressure overload. Consistently, RGS10 also inhibited an angiotensin II–induced hypertrophic response in isolated cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, cardiac remodeling improvement elicited by RGS10 was associated with the abrogation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2–extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 signaling. Furthermore, the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase–extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 transduction abolished RGS10 deletion-induced hypertrophic aggravation. These findings place RGS10 and its downstream signaling mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase–extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 as crucial regulators of pathological cardiac hypertrophy after pressure overload and identify this pathway as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate the pressure overload–driven cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujia Miao
- From the Department of Cardiology (R.M., H.Z., A.F.C., X.T., J.C., H.Y.) and Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., X.X., Y.L., Z.H., Y.H., J.C., H.Y.), the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.)
| | - Yao Lu
- From the Department of Cardiology (R.M., H.Z., A.F.C., X.T., J.C., H.Y.) and Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., X.X., Y.L., Z.H., Y.H., J.C., H.Y.), the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.)
| | - Xiaowei Xing
- From the Department of Cardiology (R.M., H.Z., A.F.C., X.T., J.C., H.Y.) and Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., X.X., Y.L., Z.H., Y.H., J.C., H.Y.), the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.)
| | - Ying Li
- From the Department of Cardiology (R.M., H.Z., A.F.C., X.T., J.C., H.Y.) and Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., X.X., Y.L., Z.H., Y.H., J.C., H.Y.), the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.)
| | - Zhijun Huang
- From the Department of Cardiology (R.M., H.Z., A.F.C., X.T., J.C., H.Y.) and Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., X.X., Y.L., Z.H., Y.H., J.C., H.Y.), the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.)
| | - Hua Zhong
- From the Department of Cardiology (R.M., H.Z., A.F.C., X.T., J.C., H.Y.) and Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., X.X., Y.L., Z.H., Y.H., J.C., H.Y.), the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.)
| | - Yun Huang
- From the Department of Cardiology (R.M., H.Z., A.F.C., X.T., J.C., H.Y.) and Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., X.X., Y.L., Z.H., Y.H., J.C., H.Y.), the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.)
| | - Alex F. Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology (R.M., H.Z., A.F.C., X.T., J.C., H.Y.) and Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., X.X., Y.L., Z.H., Y.H., J.C., H.Y.), the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.)
| | - Xiaohong Tang
- From the Department of Cardiology (R.M., H.Z., A.F.C., X.T., J.C., H.Y.) and Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., X.X., Y.L., Z.H., Y.H., J.C., H.Y.), the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology (R.M., H.Z., A.F.C., X.T., J.C., H.Y.) and Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., X.X., Y.L., Z.H., Y.H., J.C., H.Y.), the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.)
| | - Jingjing Cai
- From the Department of Cardiology (R.M., H.Z., A.F.C., X.T., J.C., H.Y.) and Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., X.X., Y.L., Z.H., Y.H., J.C., H.Y.), the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.)
| | - Hong Yuan
- From the Department of Cardiology (R.M., H.Z., A.F.C., X.T., J.C., H.Y.) and Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L., X.X., Y.L., Z.H., Y.H., J.C., H.Y.), the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (H.L.)
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Patel VB, McLean BA, Chen X, Oudit GY. Regulators of G-Protein Signaling 10 and Heart Failure: The Importance of Negative Regulators of Heart Disease. Hypertension 2015; 67:38-40. [PMID: 26573716 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav B Patel
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.B.P., X.C., G.Y.O.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (V.B.P., B.A.M., X.C., G.Y.O.), and Department of Physiology (B.A.M., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brent A McLean
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.B.P., X.C., G.Y.O.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (V.B.P., B.A.M., X.C., G.Y.O.), and Department of Physiology (B.A.M., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xueyi Chen
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.B.P., X.C., G.Y.O.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (V.B.P., B.A.M., X.C., G.Y.O.), and Department of Physiology (B.A.M., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (V.B.P., X.C., G.Y.O.), Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (V.B.P., B.A.M., X.C., G.Y.O.), and Department of Physiology (B.A.M., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Venkatapurapu SP, Kelley JB, Dixit G, Pena M, Errede B, Dohlman HG, Elston TC. Modulation of receptor dynamics by the regulator of G protein signaling Sst2. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4124-34. [PMID: 26310439 PMCID: PMC4710242 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-12-1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein–coupled receptor signaling is negatively regulated by both receptor internalization and regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) protein–stimulated inactivation of the G protein. The RGS protein can also positively regulate receptor signaling by binding to the receptor, thereby reducing receptor internalization. G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is fundamental to physiological processes such as vision, the immune response, and wound healing. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, GPCRs detect and respond to gradients of pheromone during mating. After pheromone stimulation, the GPCR Ste2 is removed from the cell membrane, and new receptors are delivered to the growing edge. The regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) protein Sst2 acts by accelerating GTP hydrolysis and facilitating pathway desensitization. Sst2 is also known to interact with the receptor Ste2. Here we show that Sst2 is required for proper receptor recovery at the growing edge of pheromone-stimulated cells. Mathematical modeling suggested pheromone-induced synthesis of Sst2 together with its interaction with the receptor function to reestablish a receptor pool at the site of polarized growth. To validate the model, we used targeted genetic perturbations to selectively disrupt key properties of Sst2 and its induction by pheromone. Together our results reveal that a regulator of G protein signaling can also regulate the G protein–coupled receptor. Whereas Sst2 negatively regulates G protein signaling, it acts in a positive manner to promote receptor retention at the growing edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Phanindra Venkatapurapu
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Joshua B Kelley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Gauri Dixit
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Matthew Pena
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Beverly Errede
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Henrik G Dohlman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Timothy C Elston
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Zhang P, Kofron CM, Mende U. Heterotrimeric G protein-mediated signaling and its non-canonical regulation in the heart. Life Sci 2015; 129:35-41. [PMID: 25818188 PMCID: PMC4415990 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) regulate a multitude of signaling pathways in mammalian cells by transducing signals from G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to effectors, which in turn regulate cellular function. In the myocardium, G protein signaling occurs in all cardiac cell types and is centrally involved in the regulation of heart rate, pump function, and vascular tone and in the response to hemodynamic stress and injury. Perturbations in G protein-mediated signaling are well known to contribute to cardiac hypertrophy, failure, and arrhythmias. Most of the currently used drugs for cardiac and other diseases target GPCR signaling. In the canonical G protein signaling paradigm, G proteins that are located at the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane become activated after an agonist-induced conformational change of GPCRs, which then allows GTP-bound Gα and free Gβγ subunits to activate or inhibit effector proteins. Research over the past two decades has markedly broadened the original paradigm with a GPCR-G protein-effector at the cell surface at its core by revealing novel binding partners and additional subcellular localizations for heterotrimeric G proteins that facilitate many previously unrecognized functional effects. In this review, we focus on non-canonical and epigenetic-related mechanisms that regulate heterotrimeric G protein expression, activation, and localization and discuss functional consequences using cardiac examples where possible. Mechanisms reviewed involve microRNAs, histone deacetylases, chaperones, alternative modes of G protein activation, and posttranslational modifications. Some of these newly characterized mechanisms may be further developed into novel strategies for the treatment of cardiac disease and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Celinda M Kofron
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ulrike Mende
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Stewart A, Fisher RA. Introduction: G Protein-coupled Receptors and RGS Proteins. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 133:1-11. [PMID: 26123299 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here, we provide an overview of the role of regulator of G protein-signaling (RGS) proteins in signaling by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the latter of which represent the largest class of cell surface receptors in humans responsible for transducing diverse extracellular signals into the intracellular environment. Given that GPCRs regulate virtually every known physiological process, it is unsurprising that their dysregulation plays a causative role in many human diseases and they are targets of 40-50% of currently marketed pharmaceuticals. Activated GPCRs function as GTPase exchange factors for Gα subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, promoting the formation of Gα-GTP and dissociated Gβγ subunits that regulate diverse effectors including enzymes, ion channels, and protein kinases. Termination of signaling is mediated by the intrinsic GTPase activity of Gα subunits leading to reformation of the inactive Gαβγ heterotrimer. RGS proteins determine the magnitude and duration of cellular responses initiated by many GPCRs by functioning as GTPase-accelerating proteins (GAPs) for specific Gα subunits. Twenty canonical mammalian RGS proteins, divided into four subfamilies, act as functional GAPs while almost 20 additional proteins contain nonfunctional RGS homology domains that often mediate interaction with GPCRs or Gα subunits. RGS protein biochemistry has been well elucidated in vitro, but the physiological functions of each RGS family member remain largely unexplored. This book summarizes recent advances employing modified model organisms that reveal RGS protein functions in vivo, providing evidence that RGS protein modulation of G protein signaling and GPCRs can be as important as initiation of signaling by GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rory A Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Balycheva M, Faggian G, Glukhov AV, Gorelik J. Microdomain-specific localization of functional ion channels in cardiomyocytes: an emerging concept of local regulation and remodelling. Biophys Rev 2015; 7:43-62. [PMID: 28509981 PMCID: PMC5425752 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-014-0159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac excitation involves the generation of action potential by individual cells and the subsequent conduction of the action potential from cell to cell through intercellular gap junctions. Excitation of the cellular membrane results in opening of the voltage-gated L-type calcium ion (Ca2+) channels, thereby allowing a small amount of Ca2+ to enter the cell, which in turn triggers the release of a much greater amount of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular Ca2+ store, and gives rise to the systolic Ca2+ transient and contraction. These processes are highly regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which ensures the acute and reliable contractile function of the heart and the short-term modulation of this function upon changes in heart rate or workload. It has recently become evident that discrete clusters of different ion channels and regulatory receptors are present in the sarcolemma, where they form an interacting network and work together as a part of a macro-molecular signalling complex which in turn allows the specificity, reliability and accuracy of the autonomic modulation of the excitation-contraction processes by a variety of neurohormonal pathways. Disruption in subcellular targeting of ion channels and associated signalling proteins may contribute to the pathophysiology of a variety of cardiac diseases, including heart failure and certain arrhythmias. Recent methodological advances have made it possible to routinely image the topography of live cardiomyocytes, allowing the study of clustering functional ion channels and receptors as well as their coupling within a specific microdomain. In this review we highlight the emerging understanding of the functionality of distinct subcellular microdomains in cardiac myocytes (e.g. T-tubules, lipid rafts/caveolae, costameres and intercalated discs) and their functional role in the accumulation and regulation of different subcellular populations of sodium, Ca2+ and potassium ion channels and their contributions to cellular signalling and cardiac pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Balycheva
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, 4th Floor National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Cardiosurgery Department, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Cardiosurgery Department, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, 4th Floor National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, 4th Floor National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Ganss R. Keeping the Balance Right. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 133:93-121. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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