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Vecellio Reane D, Serna JDC, Raffaello A. Unravelling the complexity of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter: regulation, tissue specificity, and physiological implications. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102907. [PMID: 38788256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signalling acts a pleiotropic message within the cell that is decoded by the mitochondria through a sophisticated ion channel known as the Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) complex. Under physiological conditions, mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling is crucial for coordinating cell activation with energy production. Conversely, in pathological scenarios, it can determine the fine balance between cell survival and death. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular bases of mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling. This began with the elucidation of the MCU channel components and extended to the elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate its activity. Additionally, increasing evidence suggests molecular mechanisms allowing tissue-specific modulation of the MCU complex, tailoring channel activity to the specific needs of different tissues or cell types. This review aims to explore the latest evidence elucidating the regulation of the MCU complex, the molecular factors controlling the tissue-specific properties of the channel, and the physiological and pathological implications of mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Vecellio Reane
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Germany.
| | - Julian D C Serna
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
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2
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Xu P, Swain S, Novorolsky RJ, Garcia E, Huang Z, Snutch TP, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS, Renden RB. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor Ru265 increases neuronal excitability and reduces neurotransmission via off-target effects. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38779706 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Excitotoxicity due to mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) overloading can trigger neuronal cell death in a variety of pathologies. Inhibiting the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) has been proposed as a therapeutic avenue to prevent calcium overloading. Ru265 (ClRu(NH3)4(μ-N)Ru(NH3)4Cl]Cl3) is a cell-permeable inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) with nanomolar affinity. Ru265 reduces sensorimotor deficits and neuronal death in models of ischemic stroke. However, the therapeutic use of Ru265 is limited by the induction of seizure-like behaviours. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the effect of Ru265 on synaptic and neuronal function in acute brain slices and hippocampal neuron cultures derived from mice, in control and where MCU expression was genetically abrogated. KEY RESULTS Ru265 decreased evoked responses from calyx terminals and induced spontaneous action potential firing of both the terminal and postsynaptic principal cell. Recordings of presynaptic Ca2+ currents suggested that Ru265 blocks the P/Q type channel, confirmed by the inhibition of currents in cells exogenously expressing the P/Q type channel. Measurements of presynaptic K+ currents further revealed that Ru265 blocked a KCNQ current, leading to increased membrane excitability, underlying spontaneous spiking. Ca2+ imaging of hippocampal neurons showed that Ru265 increased synchronized, high-amplitude events, recapitulating seizure-like activity seen in vivo. Importantly, MCU ablation did not suppress Ru265-induced increases in neuronal activity and seizures. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the pro-convulsant effects of Ru265 and suggest counter screening assays based on the measurement of P/Q and KCNQ channel currents to identify safe MCU inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Sarpras Swain
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Robyn J Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Esperanza Garcia
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zhouyang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert B Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
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Noble M, Colussi DM, Junop M, Stathopulos PB. The MCU and MCUb amino-terminal domains tightly interact: mechanisms for low conductance assembly of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex. iScience 2024; 27:109699. [PMID: 38706857 PMCID: PMC11068563 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uniporter (MCU) complex is regulated via integration of the MCU dominant negative beta subunit (MCUb), a low conductance paralog of the main MCU pore forming protein. The MCU amino (N)-terminal domain (NTD) also modulates channel function through cation binding to the MCU regulating acidic patch (MRAP). MCU and MCUb have high sequence similarities, yet the structural and functional roles of MCUb-NTD remain unknown. Here, we report that MCUb-NTD exhibits α-helix/β-sheet structure with a high thermal stability, dependent on protein concentration. Remarkably, MCU- and MCUb-NTDs heteromerically interact with ∼nM affinity, increasing secondary structure and stability and structurally perturbing MRAP. Further, we demonstrate MCU and MCUb co-localization is suppressed upon NTD deletion concomitant with increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Collectively, our data show that MCU:MCUb NTD tight interactions are promoted by enhanced regular structure and stability, augmenting MCU:MCUb co-localization, lowering mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and implicating an MRAP-sensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Noble
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Danielle M. Colussi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Murray Junop
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Peter B. Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
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Li CJ, Tzeng YDT, Hsiao JH, Tseng LM, Hsu TS, Chu PY. Spatial and single-cell explorations uncover prognostic significance and immunological functions of mitochondrial calcium uniporter in breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:140. [PMID: 38632642 PMCID: PMC11022417 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a transmembrane protein facilitating the entry of calcium ions into mitochondria from the cell cytosol. Maintaining calcium balance is crucial for enhancing cellular energy supply and regulating cell death. The interplay of calcium balance through MCU and the sodium-calcium exchanger is known, but its regulation in the breast cancer tumor microenvironment remains elusive. Further investigations are warranted to explore MCU's potential in BRCA clinical pathology, tumor immune microenvironment, and precision oncology. Our study, employing a multi-omics approach, identifies MCU as an independent diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer (BRCA), correlated with advanced clinical status and poor overall survival. Utilizing public datasets from GEO and TCGA, we discern differentially expressed genes in BRCA and examine their associations with immune gene expression, overall survival, tumor stage, gene mutation status, and infiltrating immune cells. Spatial transcriptomics is employed to investigate MCU gene expression in various regions of BRCA, while spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA-sequencing methods explore the correlation between MCUs and immune cells. Our findings are validated through the analysis of 59 BRCA patient samples, utilizing immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics to examine the relationship between MCU expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis. The study uncovers the expression of key gene regulators in BRCA associated with genetic variations, deletions, and the tumor microenvironment. Mutations in these regulators positively correlate with different immune cells in six immune datasets, playing a pivotal role in immune cell infiltration in BRCA. Notably, high MCU performance is linked to CD8 + T cells infiltration in BRCA. Furthermore, pharmacogenomic analysis of BRCA cell lines indicates that MCU inactivation is associated with increased sensitivity to specific small molecule drugs. Our findings suggest that MCU alterations may be linked to BRCA progression, unveiling new diagnostic and prognostic implications for MCU in BRCA. The study underscores MCU's role in the tumor immune microenvironment and cell cycle progression, positioning it as a potential tool for BRCA precision medicine and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Dun Tony Tzeng
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hu Hsiao
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Minsheng Hospital, Kaohsiung, 802, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Sheng Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan.
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan.
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.
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Sasaki H, Nakagawa I, Furuta T, Yokoyama S, Morisaki Y, Saito Y, Nakase H. Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) is Involved in an Ischemic Postconditioning Effect Against Ischemic Reperfusion Brain Injury in Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:32. [PMID: 38568450 PMCID: PMC10991049 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of ischemic postconditioning (PostC) is known to be neuroprotective against ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury. One of the key processes in PostC is the opening of the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium (mito-KATP) channel and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, triggering the release of calcium ions from mitochondria through low-conductance opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is known as a highly sensitive transporter for the uptake of Ca2+ present on the inner mitochondrial membrane. The MCU has attracted attention as a new target for treatment in diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ischemic stroke. We considered that the MCU may be involved in PostC and trigger its mechanisms. This research used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells from C57BL mice and measured changes in spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs), intracellular Ca2+ concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) currents under inhibition of MCU by ruthenium red 265 (Ru265) in PostC. Inhibition of MCU increased the occurrence of sEPSCs (p = 0.014), NMDAR currents (p < 0.001), intracellular Ca2+ concentration (p < 0.001), and dead cells (p < 0.001) significantly after reperfusion, reflecting removal of the neuroprotective effects in PostC. Moreover, mitochondrial depolarization in PostC with Ru265 was weakened, compared to PostC (p = 0.004). These results suggest that MCU affects mitochondrial depolarization in PostC to suppress NMDAR over-activation and prevent elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Takanori Furuta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shohei Yokoyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yudai Morisaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Saito
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijo-Cho 840, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
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Liu Y, Huo JL, Ren K, Pan S, Liu H, Zheng Y, Chen J, Qiao Y, Yang Y, Feng Q. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM): a dark horse for diabetic cardiomyopathy treatment. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:148. [PMID: 38509100 PMCID: PMC10954771 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), an important complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is one of the most serious chronic heart diseases and has become a major cause of heart failure worldwide. At present, the pathogenesis of DCM is unclear, and there is still a lack of effective therapeutics. Previous studies have shown that the homeostasis of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) play a core role in maintaining cardiovascular function, and structural and functional abnormalities in these organelles seriously impact the occurrence and development of various cardiovascular diseases, including DCM. The interplay between mitochondria and the ER is mediated by the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM), which participates in regulating energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, ER stress, inflammation, and other cellular processes. Recent studies have proven that MAM is closely related to the initiation and progression of DCM. In this study, we aim to summarize the recent research progress on MAM, elaborate on the key role of MAM in DCM, and discuss the potential of MAM as an important therapeutic target for DCM, thereby providing a theoretical reference for basic and clinical studies of DCM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Ling Huo
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shaokang Pan
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hengdao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Jingfang Chen
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingjin Qiao
- Blood Purification Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Feng
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.
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Wang J, Jiang J, Hu H, Chen L. MCU complex: Exploring emerging targets and mechanisms of mitochondrial physiology and pathology. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00075-4. [PMID: 38417574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the onset and progression of multiple human diseases are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of Ca2+ uptake dynamics mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, which plays a key role in mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite relevant studies, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. AIM OF REVIEW This article provides an in-depth analysis of the current research status of the MCU complex, focusing on its molecular composition, regulatory mechanisms, and association with diseases. In addition, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the regulatory effects of agonists, inhibitors, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers on the MCU complex and their application prospects in disease treatment. From the perspective of medicinal chemistry, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the structure-activity relationship between these small molecules and MCU and deduced potential pharmacophores and binding pockets. Simultaneously, key structural domains of the MCU complex in Homo sapiens were identified. We also studied the functional expression of the MCU complex in Drosophila, Zebrafish, and Caenorhabditis elegans. These analyses provide a basis for exploring potential treatment strategies targeting the MCU complex and provide strong support for the development of future precision medicine and treatments. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The MCU complex exhibits varying behavior across different tissues and plays various roles in metabolic functions. It consists of six MCU subunits, an essential MCU regulator (EMRE), and solute carrier 25A23 (SLC25A23). They regulate processes, such as mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) uptake, mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, calcium dynamics, oxidative stress (OS), and cell death. Regulation makes it a potential target for treating diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jinyong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Haoliang Hu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; College of Medicine, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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8
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Bharat V, Durairaj AS, Vanhauwaert R, Li L, Muir CM, Chandra S, Kwak CS, Le Guen Y, Nandakishore P, Hsieh CH, Rensi SE, Altman RB, Greicius MD, Feng L, Wang X. A mitochondrial inside-out iron-calcium signal reveals drug targets for Parkinson's disease. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113544. [PMID: 38060381 PMCID: PMC10804639 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated iron or Ca2+ homeostasis has been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) models. Here, we discover a connection between these two metals at the mitochondria. Elevation of iron levels causes inward mitochondrial Ca2+ overflow, through an interaction of Fe2+ with mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). In PD neurons, iron accumulation-triggered Ca2+ influx across the mitochondrial surface leads to spatially confined Ca2+ elevation at the outer mitochondrial membrane, which is subsequently sensed by Miro1, a Ca2+-binding protein. A Miro1 blood test distinguishes PD patients from controls and responds to drug treatment. Miro1-based drug screens in PD cells discover Food and Drug Administration-approved T-type Ca2+-channel blockers. Human genetic analysis reveals enrichment of rare variants in T-type Ca2+-channel subtypes associated with PD status. Our results identify a molecular mechanism in PD pathophysiology and drug targets and candidates coupled with a convenient stratification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Bharat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aarooran S Durairaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Roeland Vanhauwaert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Colin M Muir
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Graduate Program of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sujyoti Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chulhwan S Kwak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yann Le Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Chung-Han Hsieh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stefano E Rensi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Russ B Altman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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9
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D’Angelo D, Vecellio Reane D, Raffaello A. Neither too much nor too little: mitochondrial calcium concentration as a balance between physiological and pathological conditions. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1336416. [PMID: 38148906 PMCID: PMC10749936 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1336416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ ions serve as pleiotropic second messengers in the cell, regulating several cellular processes. Mitochondria play a fundamental role in Ca2+ homeostasis since mitochondrial Ca2+ (mitCa2+) is a key regulator of oxidative metabolism and cell death. MitCa2+ uptake is mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUc) localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). MitCa2+ uptake stimulates the activity of three key enzymes of the Krebs cycle, thereby modulating ATP production and promoting oxidative metabolism. As Paracelsus stated, "Dosis sola facit venenum,"in pathological conditions, mitCa2+ overload triggers the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), enabling the release of apoptotic factors and ultimately leading to cell death. Excessive mitCa2+ accumulation is also associated with a pathological increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this article, we review the precise regulation and the effectors of mitCa2+ in physiopathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato D’Angelo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Denis Vecellio Reane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Myology Center (CIR-Myo), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Huo J, Prasad V, Grimes KM, Vanhoutte D, Blair NS, Lin SC, Bround MJ, Bers DM, Molkentin JD. MCUb is an inducible regulator of calcium-dependent mitochondrial metabolism and substrate utilization in muscle. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113465. [PMID: 37976157 PMCID: PMC10842842 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria use the electron transport chain to generate high-energy phosphate from oxidative phosphorylation, a process also regulated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and Ca2+ levels. Here, we show that MCUb, an inhibitor of MCU-mediated Ca2+ influx, is induced by caloric restriction, where it increases mitochondrial fatty acid utilization. To mimic the fasted state with reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, we generated genetically altered mice with skeletal muscle-specific MCUb expression that showed greater fatty acid usage, less fat accumulation, and lower body weight. In contrast, mice lacking Mcub in skeletal muscle showed increased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, increased muscle malonyl coenzyme A (CoA), reduced fatty acid utilization, glucose intolerance, and increased adiposity. Mechanistically, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) overexpression in muscle of Mcub-deleted mice abolished altered substrate preference. Thus, MCUb is an inducible control point in regulating skeletal muscle mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and substrate utilization that impacts total metabolic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuzhou Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kelly M Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Davy Vanhoutte
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - N Scott Blair
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Suh-Chin Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael J Bround
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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11
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Ghosheh M, Ehrlich A, Ioannidis K, Ayyash M, Goldfracht I, Cohen M, Fischer A, Mintz Y, Gepstein L, Nahmias Y. Electro-metabolic coupling in multi-chambered vascularized human cardiac organoids. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1493-1513. [PMID: 37550423 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of cardiac physiology is hindered by physiological differences between humans and small-animal models. Here we report the generation of multi-chambered self-paced vascularized human cardiac organoids formed under anisotropic stress and their applicability to the study of cardiac arrhythmia. Sensors embedded in the cardiac organoids enabled the simultaneous measurement of oxygen uptake, extracellular field potentials and cardiac contraction at resolutions higher than 10 Hz. This microphysiological system revealed 1 Hz cardiac respiratory cycles that are coupled to the electrical rather than the mechanical activity of cardiomyocytes. This electro-mitochondrial coupling was driven by mitochondrial calcium oscillations driving respiration cycles. Pharmaceutical or genetic inhibition of this coupling results in arrhythmogenic behaviour. We show that the chemotherapeutic mitoxantrone induces arrhythmia through disruption of this pathway, a process that can be partially reversed by the co-administration of metformin. Our microphysiological cardiac systems may further facilitate the study of the mitochondrial dynamics of cardiac rhythms and advance our understanding of human cardiac physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghosheh
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avner Ehrlich
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Tissue Dynamics, LTD, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Tissue Dynamics, LTD, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muneef Ayyash
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Idit Goldfracht
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Merav Cohen
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amit Fischer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav Mintz
- Department of General Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Gepstein
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cardiology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaakov Nahmias
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Tissue Dynamics, LTD, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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12
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Qian R, Yi X, Liu T, Chen H, Wang Y, Hu L, Guo L, Yang K, Deng H. Regulation of Ion Homeostasis for Enhanced Tumor Radio-Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304092. [PMID: 37740415 PMCID: PMC10646238 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Intra/extracellular ion content affects the growth and metastasis of tumor cells, as well as the efficacy of various antitumor therapies. Herein, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) is loaded onto pH-responsive calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) nanoparticles and then modify theses nanoparticles with liposomes to obtain biocompatible CaCO3 /CAI@Lipsome (CCL) for enhance tumor radio-immunotherapy. CCL can specially decompose in tumor microenvironment, releasing calcium ion (Ca2+ ) and CAI, as well as increasing the pH value of extracellular fluid. CAI restrains the flow of hydrogen ion (H+ ) inside and outside the tumor cells, resulting in the reversal of tumor acidic microenvironment and the increase of intracellular H+ , both of which can improve the sensitivity of tumor to radiotherapy. Afterward, the increased intracellular H+ together with radiotherapy-causes reactive oxygen species promotes calcium influx, leading to cellular calcium overload. Moreover, the CCL-tailored content of H+ and Ca2+ strengthens radiotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death and dendritic cell maturation, amplifying systemic anti-tumor adaptive immunity. Meanwhile, macrophages in the CCL-treated tumors are polarized from pro-tumor M2 to anti-tumor M1 under X-ray exposure, owing to the neutralization of tumor acidic microenvironment and enhances Ca2+ content. Therefore, multi-directional regulation of the intra/extra tumor cell pH/calcium by simple nano-preparation would provide a powerful way to improve the efficacy of radio-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qian
- Department of General Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510000China
| | - Xuan Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug TargetsNantong UniversityNantongJiangsu226001China
| | - Teng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215005China
| | - Lin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Lingchuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215005China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou215005China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Department of General Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510000China
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13
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Wang W, Kang L, Li H, Sha X, Li J, He S. Identification of potential biomarkers associated with CD4 + T cell infiltration in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury using bioinformation analysis. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:5613-5624. [PMID: 37969273 PMCID: PMC10636474 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is often part of clinical events such as cardiac arrest, resuscitation, and reperfusion after coronary artery occlusion. Recently, more and more studies have shown that the immune microenvironment is an integral part of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and CD4+ T-cell infiltration plays an important role, but there are no relevant molecular targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods The transcriptome data and matched group information were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The ImmuCellAI-mouse (Immune Cell Abundance Identifier for mouse) algorithm was used to calculate each symbol's CD4+ T cell infiltration score. The time period with the greatest change in the degree of CD4+ T cell infiltration [ischemia-reperfusion 6 hours (IR6h)-ischemia-reperfusion 24 hours (IR24h)] was selected for the next analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis were performed to screen out CD4+ T cell-related genes and from which the gene CLEC5A was screened for the highest correlation with CD4+ T cell infiltration. The potential regulatory mechanism of CD4+ T cells in MIRI was discussed through various enrichment analysis. Finally, we analyzed the expression and molecular function (MF) of CLEC5A and its related genes in MIRI. Results A total of 406 CD4+ T cell-related genes were obtained by intersecting the results of WGCNA and differential expression analysis. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the CD4+ T cell-related genes were mainly involved in chemokine signaling pathway and cell cycle. By constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, a total of 12 hub genes were identified as candidate genes for further analysis. Through the correlation analysis between the 12 candidate genes found in the PPI network and CD4+ T cell infiltration fraction, we determined the core gene CLEC5A. Finally, a gene interaction network was constructed to decipher the biological functions of CLEC5A using GeneMANIA. Conclusions In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data at different time points after reperfusion were subjected to a series of bioinformatics methods such as PPI network, WGCNA module, etc., and CLEC5A, a pivotal gene associated with CD4+ T-cells, was found, which may serve as a new target for diagnosis or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmiao Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Graduate School, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Kang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Houqiang Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinyu Sha
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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14
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Ajanel A, Campbell RA, Denorme F. Platelet mitochondria: the mighty few. Curr Opin Hematol 2023; 30:167-174. [PMID: 37459354 PMCID: PMC10529105 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Platelet mitochondrial dysfunction is both caused by, as well as a source of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a key hallmark of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and diabetes, which are known to have higher risks for thrombotic complications. RECENT FINDINGS Increasing evidence supports a critical role for platelet mitochondria beyond energy production and apoptosis. Mitochondria are key regulators of reactive oxygen species and procoagulant platelets, which both contribute to pathological thrombosis. Studies targeting platelet mitochondrial pathways have reported promising results suggesting antithrombotic effects with limited impact on hemostasis in animal models. SUMMARY Targeting platelet mitochondria holds promise for the reduction of thrombotic complications in patients with metabolic disorders. Future studies should aim at validating these preclinical findings and translate them to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Ajanel
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert A. Campbell
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Frederik Denorme
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Neurology, Division of Vascular Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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15
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D’Angelo D, Rizzuto R. The Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU): Molecular Identity and Role in Human Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1304. [PMID: 37759703 PMCID: PMC10526485 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) ions act as a second messenger, regulating several cell functions. Mitochondria are critical organelles for the regulation of intracellular Ca2+. Mitochondrial calcium (mtCa2+) uptake is ensured by the presence in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, a macromolecular structure composed of pore-forming and regulatory subunits. MtCa2+ uptake plays a crucial role in the regulation of oxidative metabolism and cell death. A lot of evidence demonstrates that the dysregulation of mtCa2+ homeostasis can have serious pathological outcomes. In this review, we briefly discuss the molecular structure and the function of the MCU complex and then we focus our attention on human diseases in which a dysfunction in mtCa2+ has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato D’Angelo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- National Center on Gene Therapy and RNA-Based Drugs, 35131 Padua, Italy
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16
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Kadam A, Jadiya P, Tomar D. Post-translational modifications and protein quality control of mitochondrial channels and transporters. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1196466. [PMID: 37601094 PMCID: PMC10434574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1196466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in energy metabolism and signal transduction, which is tightly regulated by proteins, metabolites, and ion fluxes. Metabolites and ion homeostasis are mainly mediated by channels and transporters present on mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria comprise two distinct compartments, the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), which have differing permeabilities to ions and metabolites. The OMM is semipermeable due to the presence of non-selective molecular pores, while the IMM is highly selective and impermeable due to the presence of specialized channels and transporters which regulate ion and metabolite fluxes. These channels and transporters are modulated by various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, oxidative modifications, ions, and metabolites binding, glycosylation, acetylation, and others. Additionally, the mitochondrial protein quality control (MPQC) system plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient molecular flux through the mitochondrial membranes by selectively removing mistargeted or defective proteins. Inefficient functioning of the transporters and channels in mitochondria can disrupt cellular homeostasis, leading to the onset of various pathological conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of mitochondrial channels and transporters in terms of their functions, PTMs, and quality control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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17
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Li C, Sun J, Zhang X, Zhou M, Gan X. Implications of MCU complex in metabolic diseases. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23046. [PMID: 37389546 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300218r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are considered the primary culprit for physical and mental health of individuals. Although the diagnosis of these diseases is relatively easy, more effective and convenient potent drugs are still being explored. Ca2+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane is a vital intracellular messenger that regulates energy metabolism and cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and is involved in cell death. Mitochondria rely on a selective mitochondrial Ca2+ unidirectional transport complex (MCU complex) in their inner membrane for Ca2+ uptake. We found that the channel contains several subunits and undergoes dramatic transformations in various pathological processes, especially in metabolic diseases. In this way, we believe that the MCU complex becomes a target with significant potential for these diseases. However, there is no review linking the two factors, thus hindering the possibility of new drug production. Here, we highlight the connection between MCU complex-related Ca2+ transport and the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases, adding understanding and insight at the molecular level to provide new insights for targeting MCU to reverse metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xidan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Bernardi P, Gerle C, Halestrap AP, Jonas EA, Karch J, Mnatsakanyan N, Pavlov E, Sheu SS, Soukas AA. Identity, structure, and function of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore: controversies, consensus, recent advances, and future directions. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1869-1885. [PMID: 37460667 PMCID: PMC10406888 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) describes a Ca2+-dependent and cyclophilin D (CypD)-facilitated increase of inner mitochondrial membrane permeability that allows diffusion of molecules up to 1.5 kDa in size. It is mediated by a non-selective channel, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Sustained mPTP opening causes mitochondrial swelling, which ruptures the outer mitochondrial membrane leading to subsequent apoptotic and necrotic cell death, and is implicated in a range of pathologies. However, transient mPTP opening at various sub-conductance states may contribute several physiological roles such as alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics and rapid Ca2+ efflux. Since its discovery decades ago, intensive efforts have been made to identify the exact pore-forming structure of the mPT. Both the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and, more recently, the mitochondrial F1FO (F)-ATP synthase dimers, monomers or c-subunit ring alone have been implicated. Here we share the insights of several key investigators with different perspectives who have pioneered mPT research. We critically assess proposed models for the molecular identity of the mPTP and the mechanisms underlying its opposing roles in the life and death of cells. We provide in-depth insights into current controversies, seeking to achieve a degree of consensus that will stimulate future innovative research into the nature and role of the mPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Christoph Gerle
- Laboratory of Protein Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Andrew P Halestrap
- School of Biochemistry and Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Alexander A Soukas
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Novorolsky RJ, Kasheke GDS, Hakim A, Foldvari M, Dorighello GG, Sekler I, Vuligonda V, Sanders ME, Renden RB, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS. Preserving and enhancing mitochondrial function after stroke to protect and repair the neurovascular unit: novel opportunities for nanoparticle-based drug delivery. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1226630. [PMID: 37484823 PMCID: PMC10360135 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1226630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of vascular cells, glia, and neurons that form the basic component of the blood brain barrier. This intricate structure rapidly adjusts cerebral blood flow to match the metabolic needs of brain activity. However, the NVU is exquisitely sensitive to damage and displays limited repair after a stroke. To effectively treat stroke, it is therefore considered crucial to both protect and repair the NVU. Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake supports NVU function by buffering Ca2+ and stimulating energy production. However, excessive mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake causes toxic mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading that triggers numerous cell death pathways which destroy the NVU. Mitochondrial damage is one of the earliest pathological events in stroke. Drugs that preserve mitochondrial integrity and function should therefore confer profound NVU protection by blocking the initiation of numerous injury events. We have shown that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux in the brain are mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUcx) and sodium/Ca2+/lithium exchanger (NCLX), respectively. Moreover, our recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation suppress ischemic and excitotoxic neuronal cell death by blocking mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading. These findings suggest that combining MCUcx inhibition with NCLX activation should markedly protect the NVU. In terms of promoting NVU repair, nuclear hormone receptor activation is a promising approach. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) agonists activate complementary transcriptional programs that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, suppress inflammation, and enhance the production of new vascular cells, glia, and neurons. RXR and TR agonism should thus further improve the clinical benefits of MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation by increasing NVU repair. However, drugs that either inhibit the MCUcx, or stimulate the NCLX, or activate the RXR or TR, suffer from adverse effects caused by undesired actions on healthy tissues. To overcome this problem, we describe the use of nanoparticle drug formulations that preferentially target metabolically compromised and damaged NVUs after an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. These nanoparticle-based approaches have the potential to improve clinical safety and efficacy by maximizing drug delivery to diseased NVUs and minimizing drug exposure in healthy brain and peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J. Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Gracious D. S. Kasheke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Antoine Hakim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Marianna Foldvari
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel G. Dorighello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beersheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Robert B. Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - George S. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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MacEwen MJ, Sancak Y. Beyond the matrix: structural and physiological advancements in mitochondrial calcium signaling. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:665-673. [PMID: 36960768 PMCID: PMC10212541 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) signaling has long been known to regulate diverse cellular functions, ranging from ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation, to cytoplasmic Ca2+ signaling to apoptosis. Central to mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling is the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUC) which enables Ca2+ flux from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix. Several pivotal discoveries over the past 15 years have clarified the identity of the proteins comprising MCUC. Here, we provide an overview of the literature on mitochondrial Ca2+ biology and highlight recent findings on the high-resolution structure, dynamic regulation, and new functions of MCUC, with an emphasis on publications from the last five years. We discuss the importance of these findings for human health and the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasemin Sancak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A
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21
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Tomar D, Thomas M, Garbincius JF, Kolmetzky DW, Salik O, Jadiya P, Joseph SK, Carpenter AC, Hajnóczky G, Elrod JW. MICU1 regulates mitochondrial cristae structure and function independently of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter channel. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabi8948. [PMID: 37098122 PMCID: PMC10388395 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abi8948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
MICU1 is a calcium (Ca2+)-binding protein that regulates the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter channel complex (mtCU) and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. MICU1 knockout mice display disorganized mitochondrial architecture, a phenotype that is distinct from that of mice with deficiencies in other mtCU subunits and, thus, is likely not explained by changes in mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ content. Using proteomic and cellular imaging techniques, we found that MICU1 localized to the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) and directly interacted with the MICOS components MIC60 and CHCHD2 independently of the mtCU. We demonstrated that MICU1 was essential for MICOS complex formation and that MICU1 ablation resulted in altered cristae organization, mitochondrial ultrastructure, mitochondrial membrane dynamics, and cell death signaling. Together, our results suggest that MICU1 is an intermembrane space Ca2+ sensor that modulates mitochondrial membrane dynamics independently of matrix Ca2+ uptake. This system enables distinct Ca2+ signaling in the mitochondrial matrix and at the intermembrane space to modulate cellular energetics and cell death in a concerted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanendra Tomar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Manfred Thomas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Joanne F. Garbincius
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Devin W. Kolmetzky
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Oniel Salik
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
- Health and Exercise Physiology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Suresh K. Joseph
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - April C. Carpenter
- Health and Exercise Physiology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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22
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de Ridder I, Kerkhofs M, Lemos FO, Loncke J, Bultynck G, Parys JB. The ER-mitochondria interface, where Ca 2+ and cell death meet. Cell Calcium 2023; 112:102743. [PMID: 37126911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites are crucial to allow Ca2+ flux between them and a plethora of proteins participate in tethering both organelles together. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) play a pivotal role at such contact sites, participating in both ER-mitochondria tethering and as Ca2+-transport system that delivers Ca2+ from the ER towards mitochondria. At the ER-mitochondria contact sites, the IP3Rs function as a multi-protein complex linked to the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in the outer mitochondrial membrane, via the chaperone glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75). This IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex supports the efficient transfer of Ca2+ from the ER into the mitochondrial intermembrane space, from which the Ca2+ ions can reach the mitochondrial matrix through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Under physiological conditions, basal Ca2+ oscillations deliver Ca2+ to the mitochondrial matrix, thereby stimulating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. However, when mitochondrial Ca2+ overload occurs, the increase in [Ca2+] will induce the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, thereby provoking cell death. The IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex forms a hub for several other proteins that stabilize the complex and/or regulate the complex's ability to channel Ca2+ into the mitochondria. These proteins and their mechanisms of action are discussed in the present review with special attention for their role in pathological conditions and potential implication for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian de Ridder
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Martijn Kerkhofs
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Fernanda O Lemos
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Jens Loncke
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
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23
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Garbincius JF, Luongo TS, Lambert JP, Mangold AS, Murray EK, Hildebrand AN, Jadiya P, Elrod JW. MCU gain- and loss-of-function models define the duality of mitochondrial calcium uptake in heart failure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.537222. [PMID: 37131819 PMCID: PMC10153142 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel (mtCU) stimulates metabolism to meet acute increases in cardiac energy demand. However, excessive mCa2+ uptake during stress, as in ischemia-reperfusion, initiates permeability transition and cell death. Despite these often-reported acute physiological and pathological effects, a major unresolved controversy is whether mtCU-dependent mCa2+ uptake and long-term elevation of cardiomyocyte mCa2+ contributes to the heart's adaptation during sustained increases in workload. Objective We tested the hypothesis that mtCU-dependent mCa2+ uptake contributes to cardiac adaptation and ventricular remodeling during sustained catecholaminergic stress. Methods Mice with tamoxifen-inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific gain (αMHC-MCM × flox-stop-MCU; MCU-Tg) or loss (αMHC-MCM × Mcufl/fl; Mcu-cKO) of mtCU function received 2-wk catecholamine infusion. Results Cardiac contractility increased after 2d of isoproterenol in control, but not Mcu-cKO mice. Contractility declined and cardiac hypertrophy increased after 1-2-wk of isoproterenol in MCU-Tg mice. MCU-Tg cardiomyocytes displayed increased sensitivity to Ca2+- and isoproterenol-induced necrosis. However, loss of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) regulator cyclophilin D failed to attenuate contractile dysfunction and hypertrophic remodeling, and increased isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte death in MCU-Tg mice. Conclusions mtCU mCa2+ uptake is required for early contractile responses to adrenergic signaling, even those occurring over several days. Under sustained adrenergic load excessive MCU-dependent mCa2+ uptake drives cardiomyocyte dropout, perhaps independent of classical mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and compromises contractile function. These findings suggest divergent consequences for acute versus sustained mCa2+ loading, and support distinct functional roles for the mPTP in settings of acute mCa2+ overload versus persistent mCa2+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F. Garbincius
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy S. Luongo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Lambert
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam S. Mangold
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma K. Murray
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alycia N. Hildebrand
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Lozano O, Marcos P, Salazar-Ramirez FDJ, Lázaro-Alfaro AF, Sobrevia L, García-Rivas G. Targeting the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter complex in cardiovascular disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13946. [PMID: 36751976 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of death worldwide, share in common mitochondrial dysfunction, in specific a dysregulation of Ca2+ uptake dynamics through the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) complex. In particular, Ca2+ uptake regulates the mitochondrial ATP production, mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, and cell death. Therefore, modulating the activity of the MCU complex to regulate Ca2+ uptake, has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of CVDs. Here, the role and implications of the MCU complex in CVDs are presented, followed by a review of the evidence for MCU complex modulation, genetically and pharmacologically. While most approaches have aimed within the MCU complex for the modulation of the Ca2+ pore channel, the MCU subunit, its intra- and extra- mitochondrial implications, including Ca2+ dynamics, oxidative stress, post-translational modifications, and its repercussions in the cardiac function, highlight that targeting the MCU complex has the translational potential for novel CVDs therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Lozano
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Biomedical Research Center, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Patricio Marcos
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Felipe de Jesús Salazar-Ramirez
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Anay F Lázaro-Alfaro
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Biomedical Research Center, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Center of Functional Medicine, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, TecSalud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
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25
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Gu C, Kong F, Zeng J, Geng X, Sun Y, Chen X. Remote ischemic preconditioning protects against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by activating NMDAR/AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 signaling. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:57. [PMID: 36927808 PMCID: PMC10018930 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00999-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the protective effects of delayed remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) in mice and determine whether SIRT3 is involved in this protection and portrayed its upstream regulatory mechanisms. METHODS In vivo, WT or SIRT3 global knockout (KO) mice were exposed to right upper and lower limbs RIPC or sham ischemia. After 24 h, the abdominal aorta was clamped for 20 min, then re-perfused for 3 days. The motor function of mice, number of Nissl bodies, apoptotic rate of neurons, and related indexes of oxidative stress in the spinal cord were measured to evaluate for neuroprotective effects. The expression and correlation of SIRT3 and NMDAR were detected by WB and immunofluorescence. In vitro, primary neurons were exacted and OGD/R was performed to simulate SCIRI in vivo. Neuronal damage was assessed by observing neuron morphology, detecting LDH release ratio, and flow cytometry to analyze the apoptosis. MnSOD and CAT enzyme activities, GSH and ROS level were also measured to assess neuronal antioxidant capacity. NMDAR-AMPK-PGC-1α signaling was detected by WB to portray upstream regulatory mechanisms of RIPC regulating SIRT3. RESULTS Compared to the SCIRI mice without RIPC, mice with RIPC displayed improved motor function recovery, a reduced neuronal loss, and enhanced antioxidant capacity. To the contrary, the KO mice did not exhibit any effect of RIPC-induced neuroprotection. Similar results were observed in vitro. Further analyses with spinal cord tissues or primary neurons detected enhanced MnSOD and CAT activities, as well as increased GSH level but decreased MDA or ROS production in the RIPC + I/R mice or NMDA + OGD/R neurons. However, these changes were completely inhibited by the absence of SIRT3. Additionally, NMDAR-AMPK-PGC-1α signaling was activated to upregulate SIRT3 levels, which is essential for RIPC-mediated neuroprotection. CONCLUSIONS RIPC enhances spinal cord ischemia tolerance in a SIRT3-dependent manner, and its induced elevated SIRT3 levels are mediated by the NMDAR-AMPK-PGC-1α signaling pathway. Combined therapy targeting SIRT3 is a promising direction for treating SCIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Gu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanqi Kong
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkai Zeng
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwu Geng
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 85 Wujin Road, 200080, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Xiongsheng Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 85 Wujin Road, 200080, Shanghai, PR China.
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26
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Liu C, Li H, Duan W, Duan Y, Yu Q, Zhang T, Sun Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Xu S. MCU Upregulation Overactivates Mitophagy by Promoting VDAC1 Dimerization and Ubiquitination in the Hepatotoxicity of Cadmium. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203869. [PMID: 36642847 PMCID: PMC9982555 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a high-risk pathogenic toxin for hepatic diseases. Excessive mitophagy is a hallmark in Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a key regulator for mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. Here, Cd exposure upregulated MCU expression and increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake are found. MCU inhibition through siRNA or by Ru360 significantly attenuates Cd-induced excessive mitophagy, thereby rescues mitochondrial dysfunction and increases hepatocyte viability. Heterozygous MCU knockout mice exhibit improved liver function, ameliorated pathological damage, less mitochondrial fragmentation, and mitophagy after Cd exposure. Mechanistically, Cd upregulates MCU expression through phosphorylation activation of cAMP-response element binding protein at Ser133(CREBS133 ) and subsequent binding of MCU promoter at the TGAGGTCT, ACGTCA, and CTCCGTGATGTA regions, leading to increased MCU gene transcription. The upregulated MCU intensively interacts with voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1), enhances its dimerization and ubiquitination, resulting in excessive mitophagy. This study reveals a novel mechanism, through which Cd upregulates MCU to enhance mitophagy and hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- National Emergency Response Team for Sudden Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeChongqing400060P. R. China
| | - Hui‐Juan Li
- Institute of Rocket Force MedicineState Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Xia Duan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- National Emergency Response Team for Sudden Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeChongqing400060P. R. China
| | - Yu Duan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- National Emergency Response Team for Sudden Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeChongqing400060P. R. China
| | - Qin Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- National Emergency Response Team for Sudden Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeChongqing400060P. R. China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- Bioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Pei Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- School of Public HealthNanjing Medical University211166NanjingP. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- National Emergency Response Team for Sudden Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeChongqing400060P. R. China
| | - Yong‐Sheng Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- National Emergency Response Team for Sudden Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeChongqing400060P. R. China
| | - Shang‐Cheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060P. R. China
- National Emergency Response Team for Sudden Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical CollegeChongqing400060P. R. China
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27
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Sánchez-Aguilera P, López-Crisosto C, Norambuena-Soto I, Penannen C, Zhu J, Bomer N, Hoes MF, Van Der Meer P, Chiong M, Westenbrink BD, Lavandero S. IGF-1 boosts mitochondrial function by a Ca 2+ uptake-dependent mechanism in cultured human and rat cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1106662. [PMID: 36846332 PMCID: PMC9944404 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A physiological increase in cardiac workload results in adaptive cardiac remodeling, characterized by increased oxidative metabolism and improvements in cardiac performance. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been identified as a critical regulator of physiological cardiac growth, but its precise role in cardiometabolic adaptations to physiological stress remains unresolved. Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) handling has been proposed to be required for sustaining key mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and energy production during increased workload conditions, thus ensuring the adaptive cardiac response. We hypothesized that IGF-1 enhances mitochondrial energy production through a Ca2+-dependent mechanism to ensure adaptive cardiomyocyte growth. We found that stimulation with IGF-1 resulted in increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, estimated by fluorescence microscopy and indirectly by a reduction in the pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation. We showed that IGF-1 modulated the expression of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) complex subunits and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential; consistent with higher MCU-mediated Ca2+ transport. Finally, we showed that IGF-1 improved mitochondrial respiration through a mechanism dependent on MCU-mediated Ca2+ transport. In conclusion, IGF-1-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is required to boost oxidative metabolism during cardiomyocyte adaptive growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sánchez-Aguilera
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Camila López-Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Penannen
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jumo Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Matijn F. Hoes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Peter Van Der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - B. Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands,*Correspondence: B. Daan Westenbrink, ; Sergio Lavandero,
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States,*Correspondence: B. Daan Westenbrink, ; Sergio Lavandero,
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28
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Walters GC, Usachev YM. Mitochondrial calcium cycling in neuronal function and neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1094356. [PMID: 36760367 PMCID: PMC9902777 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1094356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for proper cellular function through their critical roles in ATP synthesis, reactive oxygen species production, calcium (Ca2+) buffering, and apoptotic signaling. In neurons, Ca2+ buffering is particularly important as it helps to shape Ca2+ signals and to regulate numerous Ca2+-dependent functions including neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, gene expression, and neuronal toxicity. Over the past decade, identification of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and other molecular components of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport has provided insight into the roles that mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation plays in neuronal function in health and disease. In this review, we discuss the many roles of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release mechanisms in normal neuronal function and highlight new insights into the Ca2+-dependent mechanisms that drive mitochondrial dysfunction in neurologic diseases including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We also consider how targeting Ca2+ uptake and release mechanisms could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C. Walters
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yuriy M. Usachev
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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29
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Pan D, Xu L, Shi D, Guo M. Knowledge mapping of mitochondrial calcium uniporter from 2011 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1107328. [PMID: 36744031 PMCID: PMC9895098 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1107328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Calcium uptake research has a long history. However, the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) protein was first discovered in 2011. As investigations of mitochondrial calcium uniporter represent a new research hotspot, a comprehensive and objective perspective of the field is lacking. Hence, this bibliometric analysis aimed to provide the current study status and trends related to mitochondrial calcium uniporter research in the past decade. Methods: Articles were acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection database. We quantified and visualized information regarding annual publications, journals, cocited journals, countries/regions, institutions, authors, and cocited authors by using CiteSpace 5.8. R3 and VOSviewer. In addition, we analysed the citation and keyword bursts related to mitochondrial calcium uniporter studies. Results: From 2011 to 2022, 1,030 articles were published by 5,050 authors from 1,145 affiliations and 62 countries or regions. The country with the most published articles was the United States. The institution with the most published articles was the University of Padua. Rosario Rizzuto published the most articles and was also the most cocited author. Cell Calcium published the largest number of articles, whereas Journal of Biological Chemistry had the most cocitations. The top 5 keywords related to pathological processes were oxidative stress, cell death, permeability transition, apoptosis, and metabolism. MICU1, calcium, ryanodine receptor, ATP synthase and cyclophilin D were the top 5 keywords related to molecules. Conclusion: mitochondrial calcium uniporter research has grown stably over the last decade. Current studies focus on the structure of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex and its regulatory effect on mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. In addition, the potential role of mitochondrial calcium uniporter in different diseases has been explored. Current studies mostly involve investigations of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Our analysis provides guidance and new insights into further mitochondrial calcium uniporter research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Gynecological Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dazhuo Shi, ; Ming Guo,
| | - Ming Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dazhuo Shi, ; Ming Guo,
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30
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Colussi DM, Stathopulos PB. From passage to inhibition: Uncovering the structural and physiological inhibitory mechanisms of MCUb in mitochondrial calcium regulation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22678. [PMID: 36538269 PMCID: PMC10107711 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+ ) regulation is critically implicated in the regulation of bioenergetics and cell fate. Ca2+ , a universal signaling ion, passively diffuses into the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) through voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC), where uptake into the matrix is tightly regulated across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (mtCU). In recent years, immense progress has been made in identifying and characterizing distinct structural and physiological mechanisms of mtCU component function. One of the main regulatory components of the Ca2+ selective mtCU channel is the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter dominant-negative beta subunit (MCUb). The structural mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect(s) exerted by MCUb are poorly understood, despite high homology to the main mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) channel-forming subunits. In this review, we provide an overview of the structural differences between MCUb and MCU, believed to contribute to the inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. We highlight the possible structural rationale for the absent interaction between MCUb and the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake 1 (MICU1) gatekeeping subunit and a potential widening of the pore upon integration of MCUb into the channel. We discuss physiological and pathophysiological information known about MCUb, underscoring implications in cardiac function and arrhythmia as a basis for future therapeutic discovery. Finally, we discuss potential post-translational modifications on MCUb as another layer of important regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Colussi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter B Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Guo X, Hong T, Zang J, Shao R, Hou X, Wang K, Liu W, Su F, He B. Thrombus-specific/responsive biomimetic nanomedicine for spatiotemporal thrombolysis and alleviation of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:531. [PMID: 36514154 PMCID: PMC9749152 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is usually caused by coronary thrombosis. However, the short half-life, lack of targetability and inevitable ischemia/reperfusion injury secondary to revascularization, which characterizes tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) limit its thrombolytic efficacy for AMI. To address the targeted and site-specific delivery of tPA, the current study reports the construction of a thrombus-targeting and responsive biomimetic nanoparticle (PTPN) for spatiotemporal treatment of AMI. PTPN was constituted by the thrombus microenvironment- responsive phenylboronic acid (PBA) nanocarrier, antioxidant molecular protocatechualdehyde (PC) and tPA with thrombolytic effect, which were enclosed by the platelet membrane. The thrombus-targeting capability of the platelet membrane enabled the adhesion of PTPN to damaged endothelial cells. The nanoparticle disintegrated under slightly acid condition and re-opened the infarct-related artery during the period of ischemia. Sequentially, ROS induced by blood reperfusion was eliminated by PC released from particle disintegration, and the cardiomyocyte mitochondrial function was protected from reperfusion injury. Therefore, this thrombus-specific/responsive biomimetic nanomedicine provides a spatiotemporal paradigm for AMI treatment with promising clinical translation prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Guo
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Centre for Cardiopulmonary Translational Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Hong
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Centre for Cardiopulmonary Translational Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongjiao Shao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Centre for Cardiopulmonary Translational Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xumin Hou
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhuo Liu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Centre for Cardiopulmonary Translational Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Su
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Centre for Cardiopulmonary Translational Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin He
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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32
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Huang X, Zeng Z, Li S, Xie Y, Tong X. The Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122760. [PMID: 36559254 PMCID: PMC9788260 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of systemic disorders threatening human health with complex pathogenesis, among which mitochondrial energy metabolism reprogramming has a critical role. Mitochondria are cell organelles that fuel the energy essential for biochemical reactions and maintain normal physiological functions of the body. Mitochondrial metabolic disorders are extensively involved in the progression of CVD, especially for energy-demanding organs such as the heart. Therefore, elucidating the role of mitochondrial metabolism in the progression of CVD is of great significance to further understand the pathogenesis of CVD and explore preventive and therapeutic methods. In this review, we discuss the major factors of mitochondrial metabolism and their potential roles in the prevention and treatment of CVD. The current application of mitochondria-targeted therapeutic agents in the treatment of CVD and advances in mitochondria-targeted gene therapy technologies are also overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Biomedical Research Center, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yufei Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaoyong Tong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
- Correspondence:
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33
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Liu L, Zhou K, Liu X, Hua Y, Wang H, Li Y. The interplay between cardiac dyads and mitochondria regulated the calcium handling in cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1013817. [PMID: 36531185 PMCID: PMC9755166 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1013817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction have been increasingly recognized as significant factors involved in the progression procedure of cardiomyopathy. Ca2+ mishandling could cause calcium-triggered arrhythmias, which could enhance force development and ATP consumption. Mitochondrial disorganization and dysfunction in cardiomyopathy could disturb the balance of energy catabolic and anabolic procedure. Close spatial localization and arrangement of structural among T-tubule, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria are important for Ca2+ handling. So that, we illustrate the regulating network between calcium handling and mitochondrial homeostasis, as well as its intracellular mechanisms in this review, which would be worthy to develop novel therapeutic strategy and restore the function of injured cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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34
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Peng JF, Salami OM, Habimana O, Xie YX, Yao H, Yi GH. Targeted Mitochondrial Drugs for Treatment of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1526-1536. [PMID: 36100990 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220913121422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a complex hemodynamic pathology that is a leading cause of death worldwide and occurs in many body organs. Numerous studies have shown that mitochondria play an important role in the occurrence mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury and that mitochondrial structural abnormalities and dysfunction lead to the disruption of the homeostasis of the whole mitochondria. At this time, mitochondria are not just sub-organelles to produce ATP but also important targets for regulating ischemia-reperfusion injury; therefore, drugs targeting mitochondria can serve as a new strategy to treat ischemia-reperfusion injury. Based on this view, in this review, we discuss potential therapeutic agents for both mitochondrial structural abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction, highlighting the application and prospects of targeted mitochondrial drugs in the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury, and try to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of the ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fu Peng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | | | - Olive Habimana
- International College, University of South China, 28 W Chang-sheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yu-Xin Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yi
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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35
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Yoo J. Structural basis of Ca 2+ uptake by mitochondrial calcium uniporter in mitochondria: a brief review. BMB Rep 2022; 55:528-534. [PMID: 36195565 PMCID: PMC9712701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that perform various functions within cells. They are responsible for ATP production, cell-signal regulation, autophagy, and cell apoptosis. Because the mitochondrial proteins that perform these functions need Ca2+ ions for their activity, mitochondria have ion channels to selectively uptake Ca2+ ions from the cytoplasm. The ion channel known to play the most important role in the Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria is the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) holo-complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). This ion channel complex exists in the form of a complex consisting of the pore-forming protein through which the Ca2+ ions are transported into the mitochondrial matrix, and the auxiliary protein involved in regulating the activity of the Ca2+ uptake by the MCU holo-complex. Studies of this MCU holocomplex have long been conducted, but we didn't know in detail how mitochondria uptake Ca2+ ions through this ion channel complex or how the activity of this ion channel complex is regulated. Recently, the protein structure of the MCU holo-complex was identified, enabling the mechanism of Ca2+ uptake and its regulation by the MCU holo-complex to be confirmed. In this review, I will introduce the mechanism of action of the MCU holo-complex at the molecular level based on the Cryo-EM structure of the MCU holo-complex to help understand how mitochondria uptake the necessary Ca2+ ions through the MCU holo-complex and how these Ca2+ uptake mechanisms are regulated. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(11): 528-534].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-2-820-5673; E-mail:
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36
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Yoo J. Structural basis of Ca 2+ uptake by mitochondrial calcium uniporter in mitochondria: a brief review. BMB Rep 2022; 55:528-534. [PMID: 36195565 PMCID: PMC9712701 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.11.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that perform various functions within cells. They are responsible for ATP production, cell-signal regulation, autophagy, and cell apoptosis. Because the mitochondrial proteins that perform these functions need Ca2+ ions for their activity, mitochondria have ion channels to selectively uptake Ca2+ ions from the cytoplasm. The ion channel known to play the most important role in the Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria is the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) holo-complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). This ion channel complex exists in the form of a complex consisting of the pore-forming protein through which the Ca2+ ions are transported into the mitochondrial matrix, and the auxiliary protein involved in regulating the activity of the Ca2+ uptake by the MCU holo-complex. Studies of this MCU holocomplex have long been conducted, but we didn't know in detail how mitochondria uptake Ca2+ ions through this ion channel complex or how the activity of this ion channel complex is regulated. Recently, the protein structure of the MCU holo-complex was identified, enabling the mechanism of Ca2+ uptake and its regulation by the MCU holo-complex to be confirmed. In this review, I will introduce the mechanism of action of the MCU holo-complex at the molecular level based on the Cryo-EM structure of the MCU holo-complex to help understand how mitochondria uptake the necessary Ca2+ ions through the MCU holo-complex and how these Ca2+ uptake mechanisms are regulated. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(11): 528-534].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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37
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Madison J, Wilhelm K, Meehan DT, Delimont D, Samuelson G, Cosgrove D. Glomerular basement membrane deposition of collagen α1(III) in Alport glomeruli by mesangial filopodia injures podocytes via aberrant signaling through DDR1 and integrin α2β1. J Pathol 2022; 258:26-37. [PMID: 35607980 PMCID: PMC9378723 DOI: 10.1002/path.5969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In Alport mice, activation of the endothelin A receptor (ETA R) in mesangial cells results in sub-endothelial invasion of glomerular capillaries by mesangial filopodia. Filopodia deposit mesangial matrix in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), including laminin 211 which activates NF-κB, resulting in induction of inflammatory cytokines. Herein we show that collagen α1(III) is also deposited in the GBM. Collagen α1(III) localized to the mesangium in wild-type mice and was found in both the mesangium and the GBM in Alport mice. We show that collagen α1(III) activates discoidin domain receptor family, member 1 (DDR1) receptors both in vitro and in vivo. To elucidate whether collagen α1(III) might cause podocyte injury, cultured murine Alport podocytes were overlaid with recombinant collagen α1(III), or not, for 24 h and RNA was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). These same cells were subjected to siRNA knockdown for integrin α2 or DDR1 and the RNA was analyzed by RNA-seq. Results were validated in vivo using RNA-seq from RNA isolated from wild-type and Alport mouse glomeruli. Numerous genes associated with podocyte injury were up- or down-regulated in both Alport glomeruli and cultured podocytes treated with collagen α1(III), 18 of which have been associated previously with podocyte injury or glomerulonephritis. The data indicate α2β1 integrin/DDR1 co-receptor signaling as the dominant regulatory mechanism. This may explain earlier studies where deletion of either DDR1 or α2β1 integrin in Alport mice ameliorates renal pathology. © 2022 Boys Town National Research Hospital. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Zhao S, Zhang J, Sun X, Yangzom C, Shang P. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter involved in foodborne mycotoxin-induced hepatotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113535. [PMID: 35461028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne mycotoxins are toxic metabolites that are produced by fungi. The widespread contamination of food and its by-products by mycotoxins is a global food safety problem that potentially threatens public health and other exposed animals. Most foodborne mycotoxins induce hepatotoxicity. However, only few studies have investigated the regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial calcium transport monomers in mycotoxin-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, according to relevant studies and reports, this review suggests that intracellular Ca(2 +) homeostasis and mitochondrial Ca(2 +) uniporter are involved in the regulation of mycotoxin-induced hepatotoxicity. This review provides some ideas for future research involving mitochondrial Ca(2 +) uniporter in the molecular targets of mycotoxin-induced hepatotoxicity, as well as a reference for the research and development of related drugs and the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunwang Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, Tibet, People's Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial co-founded collaborative innovation center for R & D in Tibet characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry resources, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, Tibet, People's Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial co-founded collaborative innovation center for R & D in Tibet characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry resources, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqian Sun
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, Tibet, People's Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial co-founded collaborative innovation center for R & D in Tibet characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry resources, People's Republic of China
| | - Chamba Yangzom
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, Tibet, People's Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial co-founded collaborative innovation center for R & D in Tibet characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry resources, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, Tibet, People's Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial co-founded collaborative innovation center for R & D in Tibet characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry resources, People's Republic of China.
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Enhanced NCLX-dependent mitochondrial Ca 2+ efflux attenuates pathological remodeling in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 167:52-66. [PMID: 35358843 PMCID: PMC9107512 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake couples changes in cardiomyocyte energetic demand to mitochondrial ATP production. However, excessive mCa2+ uptake triggers permeability transition and necrosis. Despite these established roles during acute stress, the involvement of mCa2+ signaling in cardiac adaptations to chronic stress remains poorly defined. Changes in NCLX expression are reported in heart failure (HF) patients and models of cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we hypothesized that altered mCa2+ homeostasis contributes to the hypertrophic remodeling of the myocardium that occurs upon a sustained increase in cardiac workload. The impact of mCa2+ flux on cardiac function and remodeling was examined by subjecting mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression (OE) of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX), the primary mediator of mCa2+ efflux, to several well-established models of hypertrophic and non-ischemic HF. Cardiomyocyte NCLX-OE preserved contractile function, prevented hypertrophy and fibrosis, and attenuated maladaptive gene programs in mice subjected to chronic pressure overload. Hypertrophy was attenuated in NCLX-OE mice, prior to any decline in cardiac contractility. NCLX-OE similarly attenuated deleterious cardiac remodeling in mice subjected to chronic neurohormonal stimulation. However, cardiomyocyte NCLX-OE unexpectedly reduced overall survival in mice subjected to severe neurohormonal stress with angiotensin II + phenylephrine. Adenoviral NCLX expression limited mCa2+ accumulation, oxidative metabolism, and de novo protein synthesis during hypertrophic stimulation of cardiomyocytes in vitro. Our findings provide genetic evidence for the contribution of mCa2+ to early pathological remodeling in non-ischemic heart disease, but also highlight a deleterious consequence of increasing mCa2+ efflux when the heart is subjected to extreme, sustained neurohormonal stress.
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Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Homeostasis: Emerging Roles and Clinical Significance in Cardiac Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063025. [PMID: 35328444 PMCID: PMC8954803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the sites of oxidative metabolism in eukaryotes where the metabolites of sugars, fats, and amino acids are oxidized to harvest energy. Notably, mitochondria store Ca2+ and work in synergy with organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and extracellular matrix to control the dynamic balance of Ca2+ concentration in cells. Mitochondria are the vital organelles in heart tissue. Mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis is particularly important for maintaining the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the heart. Mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis plays a key role in the regulation of cardiac energy metabolism, mechanisms of death, oxygen free radical production, and autophagy. The imbalance of mitochondrial Ca2+ balance is closely associated with cardiac remodeling. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (mtCU) protein complex is responsible for the uptake and release of mitochondrial Ca2+ and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in mitochondria and consequently, in cells. This review summarizes the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in physiological and pathological cardiac remodeling and the regulatory effects of the mitochondrial calcium regulatory complex on cardiac energy metabolism, cell death, and autophagy, and also provides the theoretical basis for mitochondrial Ca2+ as a novel target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Tian C, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhu P, Zhao M. Mitochondria Related Cell Death Modalities and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:832356. [PMID: 35321239 PMCID: PMC8935059 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.832356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as the centre of energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells. However, they can not only generate ATP through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation but also control the mode of cell death through various mechanisms, especially regulated cell death (RCD), such as apoptosis, mitophagy, NETosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, entosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, alkaliptosis, autosis, clockophagy and oxeiptosis. These mitochondria-associated modes of cell death can lead to a variety of diseases. During cell growth, these modes of cell death are programmed, meaning that they can be induced or predicted. Mitochondria-based treatments have been shown to be effective in many trials. Therefore, mitochondria have great potential for the treatment of many diseases. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria are involved in modes of cell death, as well as basic research and the latest clinical progress in related fields. We also detail a variety of organ system diseases related to mitochondria, including nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, digestive system diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine diseases, urinary system diseases and cancer. We highlight the role that mitochondria play in these diseases and suggest possible therapeutic directions as well as pressing issues that need to be addressed today. Because of the key role of mitochondria in cell death, a comprehensive understanding of mitochondria can help provide more effective strategies for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuwen Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuoshu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Zhu, ; Mingyi Zhao,
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Zhu, ; Mingyi Zhao,
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Lazaropoulos MP, Elrod JW. Mitochondria in Pathological Cardiac Remodeling. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 25:100489. [PMID: 35274068 PMCID: PMC8903307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodeling is often precipitated by chronic stress or injury inflicted upon the heart during the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Mitochondria play an important role in the cardiomyocyte response to stress by serving as a signaling hub for changes in cellular energetics, redox balance, contractile function, and cell death. Cardiac remodeling involves alterations to mitochondrial form and function that are either compensatory to maintain contractility or maladaptive, which promotes heart failure progression. In this mini-review, we focus on three mitochondrial processes that contribution to cardiac remodeling: Ca2+ signaling, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial metabolism.
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43
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Batool M, Fayyaz H, Alam MR. Asymmetric Opening of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in Mouse Brain Hemispheres: A Link to the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Complex. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Gottschalk B, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Graier WF. Cristae junction as a fundamental switchboard for mitochondrial ion signaling and bioenergetics. Cell Calcium 2022; 101:102517. [PMID: 34915234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OPA1 and MICU1 are both involved in the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and the stabilization of the cristae junction, which separates the inner mitochondrial membrane into the interboundary membrane and the cristae membrane. In this mini-review, we focus on the synergetic control of OPA1 and MICU1 on the cristae junction that serves as a fundamental regulator of multiple mitochondrial functions. In particular, we point to the critical role of an adaptive cristae junction permeability in mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling, spatial H+ gradients and mitochondrial membrane potential, metabolic activity, and apoptosis. These characteristics bear on a distinct localization of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery, the FoF1-ATPase, and mitochondrial Ca2+uniporter (MCU) within sections of the inner mitochondrial membrane isolated by the cristae junction and regulated by proteins like OPA1 and MICU1. We specifically focus on the impact of MICU1-regulated cristae junction on the activity and distribution of MCU within the complex ultrastructure of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, Graz, 8010 Austria
| | - Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, Graz, 8010 Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, Graz, 8010 Austria; BioTechMed, Graz.
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Li S, Chen J, Liu M, Chen Y, Wu Y, Li Q, Ma T, Gao J, Xia Y, Fan M, Chen A, Lu D, Su E, Xu F, Chen Z, Qian J, Ge J. Protective effect of HINT2 on mitochondrial function via repressing MCU complex activation attenuates cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:65. [PMID: 34914018 PMCID: PMC8677646 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that coronary microcirculation is a key target for protecting against cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex activation and mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m) overload are underlying mechanisms involved in cardiovascular disease. Histidine triad nucleotide-binding 2 (HINT2) has been reported to modulate [Ca2+]m via the MCU complex, and our previous work demonstrated that HINT2 improved cardiomyocyte survival and preserved heart function in mice with cardiac ischemia. This study aimed to explore the benefits of HINT2 on cardiac microcirculation in I/R injury with a focus on mitochondria, the MCU complex, and [Ca2+]m overload in endothelial cells. The present work demonstrated that HINT2 overexpression significantly reduced the no-reflow area and improved microvascular perfusion in I/R-injured mouse hearts, potentially by promoting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and phosphorylation. Microvascular barrier function was compromised by reperfusion injury, but was repaired by HINT2 overexpression via inhibiting VE-Cadherin phosphorylation at Tyr731 and enhancing the VE-Cadherin/β-Catenin interaction. In addition, HINT2 overexpression inhibited the inflammatory response by suppressing vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Mitochondrial fission occurred in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury and resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis, the effects of which were largely relieved by HINT2 overexpression. Additional experiments confirmed that [Ca2+]m overload was an initiating factor for mitochondrial fission and that HINT2 suppressed [Ca2+]m overload via modulation of the MCU complex through directly interacting with MCU in CMECs. Regaining [Ca2+]m overload by spermine, an MCU agonist, abolished all the protective effects of HINT2 on OGD/R-injured CMECs and I/R-injured cardiac microcirculation. In conclusion, the present report demonstrated that HINT2 overexpression inhibited MCU complex-mitochondrial calcium overload-mitochondrial fission and apoptosis pathway, and thereby attenuated cardiac microvascular ischemia–reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinxiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Muyin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengkang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danbo Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enyong Su
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhangwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Bertero E, Nickel A, Kohlhaas M, Hohl M, Sequeira V, Brune C, Schwemmlein J, Abeßer M, Schuh K, Kutschka I, Carlein C, Münker K, Atighetchi S, Müller A, Kazakov A, Kappl R, von der Malsburg K, van der Laan M, Schiuma AF, Böhm M, Laufs U, Hoth M, Rehling P, Kuhn M, Dudek J, von der Malsburg A, Prates Roma L, Maack C. Loss of Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Uniporter Limits Inotropic Reserve and Provides Trigger and Substrate for Arrhythmias in Barth Syndrome Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2021; 144:1694-1713. [PMID: 34648376 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.053755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barth syndrome (BTHS) is caused by mutations of the gene encoding tafazzin, which catalyzes maturation of mitochondrial cardiolipin and often manifests with systolic dysfunction during early infancy. Beyond the first months of life, BTHS cardiomyopathy typically transitions to a phenotype of diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction, blunted contractile reserve during exercise, and arrhythmic vulnerability. Previous studies traced BTHS cardiomyopathy to mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because mitochondrial function and ROS formation are regulated by excitation-contraction coupling, integrated analysis of mechano-energetic coupling is required to delineate the pathomechanisms of BTHS cardiomyopathy. METHODS We analyzed cardiac function and structure in a mouse model with global knockdown of tafazzin (Taz-KD) compared with wild-type littermates. Respiratory chain assembly and function, ROS emission, and Ca2+ uptake were determined in isolated mitochondria. Excitation-contraction coupling was integrated with mitochondrial redox state, ROS, and Ca2+ uptake in isolated, unloaded or preloaded cardiac myocytes, and cardiac hemodynamics analyzed in vivo. RESULTS Taz-KD mice develop heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (>50%) and age-dependent progression of diastolic dysfunction in the absence of fibrosis. Increased myofilament Ca2+ affinity and slowed cross-bridge cycling caused diastolic dysfunction, in part, compensated by accelerated diastolic Ca2+ decay through preactivated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. Taz deficiency provoked heart-specific loss of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter protein that prevented Ca2+-induced activation of the Krebs cycle during β-adrenergic stimulation, oxidizing pyridine nucleotides and triggering arrhythmias in cardiac myocytes. In vivo, Taz-KD mice displayed prolonged QRS duration as a substrate for arrhythmias, and a lack of inotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation. Cellular arrhythmias and QRS prolongation, but not the defective inotropic reserve, were restored by inhibiting Ca2+ export through the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. All alterations occurred in the absence of excess mitochondrial ROS in vitro or in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, increased myofilament Ca2+ affinity, and preactivated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase provoke mechano-energetic uncoupling that explains diastolic dysfunction and the lack of inotropic reserve in BTHS cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, defective mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake provides a trigger and a substrate for ventricular arrhythmias. These insights can guide the ongoing search for a cure of this orphaned disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Now with Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Italy (E.B.)
| | - Alexander Nickel
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Michael Kohlhaas
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Mathias Hohl
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Carolin Brune
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Julia Schwemmlein
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Marco Abeßer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Kai Schuh
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Ilona Kutschka
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Christopher Carlein
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Kai Münker
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sarah Atighetchi
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Clinic for Radiology (A.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andrey Kazakov
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kappl
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Karina von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anna-Florentine Schiuma
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Michael Böhm
- Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Now with Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Germany (U.L.)
| | - Markus Hoth
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany (P.R., J.D.).,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Germany (P.R.).,Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany (P.R.)
| | - Michaela Kuhn
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Germany (M.A., K.S., M. Kuhn)
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany (P.R., J.D.)
| | - Alexander von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine (K.v.d.M., M.v.d.L., A.v.d.M.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Leticia Prates Roma
- Department for Biophysics, ZHMB, CIPMM (C.C., R.K., M. Hoth, L.P.R.), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany (E.B., A.N., M. Kohlhaas, V.S., J.S., I.K., K.M., S.A., A.-F.S., J.D., C.M.).,Clinic for Internal Medicine III (M. Hohl, C.B., K.M., S.A., A.K., M.B., C.M.), Saarland University Clinic, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Department for Internal Medicine 1, University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (C.M.)
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Abstract
The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disruption of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) cycling is implicated in numerous acquired diseases such as heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer, and is genetically linked to several inherited neuromuscular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for mCa2+ exchange therefore holds great promise for the treatment of these diseases. The past decade has seen the genetic identification of many of the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake and efflux. Here, we present an overview of the phenomenon of mCa2+ transport, and a comprehensive examination of the molecular machinery that mediates calcium flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane: the mitochondrial uniporter complex (consisting of MCU, EMRE, MICU1, MICU2, MICU3, MCUB, and MCUR1), NCLX, LETM1, the mitochondrial ryanodine receptor, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We then consider the physiological implications of mCa2+ flux and evaluate how alterations in mCa2+ homeostasis contribute to human disease. This review concludes by highlighting opportunities and challenges for therapeutic intervention in pathologies characterized by aberrant mCa2+ handling and by summarizing critical unanswered questions regarding the biology of mCa2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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48
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Structural characterization of the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter provides insights into Ca 2+ uptake and regulation. iScience 2021; 24:102895. [PMID: 34401674 PMCID: PMC8353469 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial uniporter is a Ca2+-selective ion-conducting channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane that is involved in various cellular processes. The components of this uniporter, including the pore-forming membrane subunit MCU and the modulatory subunits MCUb, EMRE, MICU1, and MICU2, have been identified in recent years. Previously, extensive studies revealed various aspects of uniporter activities and proposed multiple regulatory models of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Recently, the individual auxiliary components of the uniporter and its holocomplex have been structurally characterized, providing the first insight into the component structures and their spatial relationship within the context of the uniporter. Here, we review recent uniporter structural studies in an attempt to establish an architectural framework, elucidating the mechanism that governs mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and regulation, and to address some apparent controversies. This information could facilitate further characterization of mitochondrial Ca2+ permeation and a better understanding of uniporter-related disease conditions. The uniporter contains multiple subunits regulating various cellular processes Significant structural progresses have been made for the holo-complex of uniporter The holo-complex structures have inspired to propose several regulatory models
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49
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Sander P, Feng M, Schweitzer MK, Wilting F, Gutenthaler SM, Arduino DM, Fischbach S, Dreizehnter L, Moretti A, Gudermann T, Perocchi F, Schredelseker J. Approved drugs ezetimibe and disulfiram enhance mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake and suppress cardiac arrhythmogenesis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4518-4532. [PMID: 34287836 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Treatment of cardiac arrhythmia remains challenging due to severe side effects of common anti-arrhythmic drugs. We previously demonstrated that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in cardiomyocytes represents a promising new candidate structure for safer drug therapy. However, druggable agonists of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake suitable for preclinical and clinical studies are still missing. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Herewe screened 727 compounds with a history of use in human clinical trials in a three-step screening approach. As a primary screening platform we used a permeabilized HeLa cell-based mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake assay. Hits were validated in cultured HL-1 cardiomyocytes and finally tested for anti-arrhythmic efficacy in three translational models: a Ca2+ overload zebrafish model and cardiomyocytes of both a mouse model for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes from a CPVT patient. KEY RESULTS We identifiedtwo candidate compounds, the clinically approved drugs ezetimibe and disulfiram, which stimulate SR-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer at nanomolar concentrations. This is significantly lower compared to the previously described mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake enhancers (MiCUps) efsevin, a gating modifier of the voltage-dependent anion channel 2, and kaempferol, an agonist of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter. Both substances restored rhythmic cardiac contractions in a zebrafish cardiac arrhythmia model and significantly suppressed arrhythmogenesis in freshly isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from a CPVT mouse model as well as induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes from a CPVT patient. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together we identified ezetimibe and disulfiram as novel MiCUps and efficient suppressors of arrhythmogenesis and as such as, promising candidates for future preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sander
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Feng
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria K Schweitzer
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabiola Wilting
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie M Gutenthaler
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela M Arduino
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Fischbach
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Dreizehnter
- I. Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- I. Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Munich, Germany
| | - Fabiana Perocchi
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Johann Schredelseker
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Munich, Germany
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Wang Y, Li X, Zhao F. MCU-Dependent mROS Generation Regulates Cell Metabolism and Cell Death Modulated by the AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 Signaling Pathway. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:674986. [PMID: 34307407 PMCID: PMC8299052 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.674986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is an intensively investigated calcium channel, and its molecular components, structural features, and encoded genes have long been explored. Further studies have shown that the mitochondrial calcium unidirectional transporter (MCU) is a macromolecular complex related to intracellular and extracellular calcium regulation. Based on the current understanding, the MCU is crucial for maintaining cytosolic Ca2+ (cCa2+) homeostasis by modulating mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) uptake. The elevation of MCU-induced calcium levels is confirmed to be the main cause of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) generation, which leads to disordered cellular metabolic patterns and cell death. In particular, in an I/R injury model, cancer cells, and adipocytes, MCU expression is maintained at high levels. As is well accepted, the AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 pathway is believed to have an affinity for mROS formation and energy consumption. Therefore, we identified a link between MCU-related mROS formation and the AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 signaling pathway in controlling cell metabolism and cell death, which may provide a new possibility of targeting the MCU to reverse relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengchao Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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