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Abdellatif M, Rainer PP, Sedej S, Kroemer G. Hallmarks of cardiovascular ageing. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:754-777. [PMID: 37193857 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Normal circulatory function is a key determinant of disease-free life expectancy (healthspan). Indeed, pathologies affecting the cardiovascular system, which are growing in prevalence, are the leading cause of global morbidity, disability and mortality, whereas the maintenance of cardiovascular health is necessary to promote both organismal healthspan and lifespan. Therefore, cardiovascular ageing might precede or even underlie body-wide, age-related health deterioration. In this Review, we posit that eight molecular hallmarks are common denominators in cardiovascular ageing, namely disabled macroautophagy, loss of proteostasis, genomic instability (in particular, clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential), epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell senescence, dysregulated neurohormonal signalling and inflammation. We also propose a hierarchical order that distinguishes primary (upstream) from antagonistic and integrative (downstream) hallmarks of cardiovascular ageing. Finally, we discuss how targeting each of the eight hallmarks might be therapeutically exploited to attenuate residual cardiovascular risk in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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2
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Liu D, Han X, Zhang Z, Tse G, Shao Q, Liu T. Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Atrial Fibrillation: From Molecular Mechanisms to Diagnostic and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010151. [PMID: 36611952 PMCID: PMC9818491 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are endogenous protective proteins and biomarkers of cell stress response, of which examples are HSP70, HSP60, HSP90, and small HSPs (HSPB). HSPs protect cells and organs, especially the cardiovascular system, against harmful and cytotoxic conditions. More recent attention has focused on the roles of HSPs in the irreversible remodeling of atrial fibrillation (AF), which is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice and a significant contributor to mortality. In this review, we investigated the relationship between HSPs and atrial remodeling mechanisms in AF. PubMed was searched for studies using the terms "Heat Shock Proteins" and "Atrial Fibrillation" and their relevant abbreviations up to 10 July 2022. The results showed that HSPs have cytoprotective roles in atrial cardiomyocytes during AF by promoting reverse electrical and structural remodeling. Heat shock response (HSR) exhaustion, followed by low levels of HSPs, causes proteostasis derailment in cardiomyocytes, which is the basis of AF. Furthermore, potential implications of HSPs in the management of AF are discussed in detail. HSPs represent reliable biomarkers for predicting and staging AF. HSP inducers may serve as novel therapeutic modalities in postoperative AF. HSP induction, either by geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) or by other compounds presently in development, may therefore be an interesting new approach for upstream therapy for AF, a strategy that aims to prevent AF whilst minimizing the ventricular proarrhythmic risks of traditional anti-arrhythmic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xuyao Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, China
- Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Qingmiao Shao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); or (T.L.)
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); or (T.L.)
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Wu R, Gao W, Dong Z, Su Y, Ji Y, Liao J, Ma Y, Dai Y, Yao K, Ge J. Plasma Heat Shock Protein 70 Is Associated With the Onset of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Total Occlusion in Target Vessels. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:688702. [PMID: 34631810 PMCID: PMC8494979 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.688702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Whether the role of plasma heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is protective or detrimental remains debated, and the relationship between HSP70 and total occlusion remains elusive. Methods: A total of 112 patients with primary diagnosis of AMI and 52 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) were enrolled into the study. Plasma HSP70 level was determined by ELISA on day 1 and day 7 after the onset of AMI and was examined before angiography in patients with CCS. Peak NT-proBNP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin T (cTnT), and left ventricular ejection fraction were measured. Results: Plasma HSP70 was significantly higher in CCS than AMI (P < 0.0001), and it showed a significant decrease from day 1 to day 7 after AMI (P < 0.01). Elevated HSP70 was associated with decreased levels of LDL-C (P < 0.05), peak cTnT (R = −0.3578, P < 0.0001), peak NT-proBNP (R = −0.3583, P < 0.0001), and peak CRP (R = −0.3539, P < 0.0001) and a lower diagnosis of AMI (R = −0.4016, P < 0.0001) and STEMI (R = −0.3675, P < 0.0001), but a higher diagnosis of total occlusion in target vessels (R = 0.1702, P < 0.05). HSP70 may provide certain predictive value for the diagnosis of AMI, STEMI, and total occlusion in target vessels, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.7660, 0.7152, and 0.5984, respectively. HSP70 was also negatively associated with in-hospital stay (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 1-year follow-up (P < 0.05), despite no association with in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Conclusion: Plasma HSP70 level was found to decrease from day 1 to day 7 post-AMI, but the overall level of patients with AMI was lower than that of patients with CCS. However, the ability of HSP70 to identify clinically significant AMI and STEMI was moderate, and the predictive value to total occlusion was slight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runda Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyao Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianquan Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanji Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Diteepeng T, Del Monte F, Luciani M. The long and winding road to target protein misfolding in cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13504. [PMID: 33527342 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decades, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have remained the first leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Although several therapeutic approaches have been introduced in the past, the development of novel treatments remains an important research goal, which is hampered by the lack of understanding of key mechanisms and targets. Emerging evidences in recent years indicate the involvement of misfolded proteins aggregation and the derailment of protein quality control in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Several potential interventions targeting protein quality control have been translated from the bench to the bedside to effectively employ the misfolded proteins as promising therapeutic targets for cardiac diseases, but with trivial results. DESIGN In this review, we describe the recent progresses in preclinical and clinical studies of protein misfolding and compromised protein quality control by selecting and reporting studies focusing on cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathies, cardiac amyloidosis, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation and thrombosis. RESULTS In preclinical models, modulators of several molecular targets (eg heat shock proteins, unfolded protein response, ubiquitin protein system, autophagy and histone deacetylases) have been tested in various conditions with promising results although lacking an adequate transition towards clinical setting. CONCLUSIONS At present, no therapeutic strategies have been reported to attenuate proteotoxicity in patients with CVD due to a lack of specific biomarkers for pinpointing upstream events in protein folding defects at a subclinical stage of the diseases requiring an intensive collaboration between basic scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamonwan Diteepeng
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Federica Del Monte
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna Alma Mater, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Luciani
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
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Effects from the induction of heat shock proteins in a murine model due to progression of aortic atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7025. [PMID: 33782520 PMCID: PMC8007726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that repair denatured proteins. The relationship between HSPs and various diseases has been extensively studied. However, the relationship between HSPs and atherosclerosis remains unclear. In this study, we induced the expression of HSPs and analyzed the effects on the development/progression of atherosclerosis in vivo. Remarkably, when HSPs were induced in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice prior to the formation of atheromas, the progression of atherosclerosis was inhibited; the short-term induction of HSPs significantly decreased the mRNA expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in the aorta. In contrast, the induction of HSPs after the formation of atheromas promoted the progression of atherosclerosis. In fact, the short-term induction of HSPs, after the formation of atheromas, significantly increased the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 6 in the aorta. Of note, the induction of HSPs also promoted the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells. Overall, these results indicate that HSPs exerts different effects in the context of aortic atherosclerosis, depending on its degree of progression. Therefore, the induction and inhibition of HSPs should be considered for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, respectively.
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Matsuo K, Hosoda K, Tanaka J, Yamamoto Y, Imahori T, Nakai T, Irino Y, Shinohara M, Sasayama T, Kohmura E. Geranylgeranylacetone attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through the augmentation of HSP 27 phosphorylation: a preliminary study. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:9. [PMID: 33557752 PMCID: PMC7869466 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported that heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) phosphorylation plays an important role in the activation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), resulting in the upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway and antioxidant effects against cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury. The present study investigated the effect of geranylgeranylacetone, an inducer of HSP27, on ischemia–reperfusion injury in male rats as a preliminary study to see if further research of the effects of geranylgeranylacetone on the ischemic stroke was warranted. Methods In all experiments, male Wistar rats were used. First, we conducted pathway activity profiling based on a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to identify ischemia–reperfusion-related metabolic pathways. Next, we investigated the effects of geranylgeranylacetone on the pentose phosphate pathway and ischemia–reperfusion injury by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting, and G6PD activity, protein carbonylation and infarct volume analysis. Geranylgeranylacetone or vehicle was injected intracerebroventricularly 3 h prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion or sham operation. Results Pathway activity profiling demonstrated that changes in the metabolic state depended on reperfusion time and that the pentose phosphate pathway and taurine-hypotaurine metabolism pathway were the most strongly related to reperfusion among 137 metabolic pathways. RT-PCR demonstrated that geranylgeranylacetone did not significantly affect the increase in HSP27 transcript levels after ischemia–reperfusion. Immunoblotting showed that geranylgeranylacetone did not significantly affect the elevation of HSP27 protein levels. However, geranylgeranylacetone significantly increase the elevation of phosphorylation of HSP27 after ischemia–reperfusion. In addition, geranylgeranylacetone significantly affected the increase in G6PD activity, and reduced the increase in protein carbonylation after ischemia–reperfusion. Accordingly, geranylgeranylacetone significantly reduced the infarct size (median 31.3% vs 19.9%, p = 0.0013). Conclusions As a preliminary study, these findings suggest that geranylgeranylacetone may be a promising agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke and would be worthy of further study. Further studies are required to clearly delineate the mechanism of geranylgeranylacetone-induced HSP27 phosphorylation in antioxidant effects, which may guide the development of new approaches for minimizing the impact of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Matsuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kohkichi Hosoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, 5-7-1, Kojidai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2273, Japan.
| | - Jun Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Konan Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toyooka Hospital, Toyooka, Japan
| | - Taichiro Imahori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Himeji, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nakai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Irino
- Division of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Medical Education, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eiji Kohmura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Silvis MJM, Kaffka genaamd Dengler SE, Odille CA, Mishra M, van der Kaaij NP, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, de Kleijn DPV, de Jager SCA, Bosch L, van Hout GPJ. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Transplantation: The Road to Translational Success. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599511. [PMID: 33363540 PMCID: PMC7752942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the setting of myocardial infarction (MI), ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs due to occlusion (ischemia) and subsequent re-establishment of blood flow (reperfusion) of a coronary artery. A similar phenomenon is observed in heart transplantation (HTx) when, after cold storage, the donor heart is connected to the recipient's circulation. Although reperfusion is essential for the survival of cardiomyocytes, it paradoxically leads to additional myocardial damage in experimental MI and HTx models. Damage (or danger)-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules released after cellular damage or stress such as myocardial IRI. DAMPs activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and set in motion a complex signaling cascade resulting in the release of cytokines and a profound inflammatory reaction. This inflammatory response is thought to function as a double-edged sword. Although it enables removal of cell debris and promotes wound healing, DAMP mediated signalling can also exacerbate the inflammatory state in a disproportional matter, thereby leading to additional tissue damage. Upon MI, this leads to expansion of the infarcted area and deterioration of cardiac function in preclinical models. Eventually this culminates in adverse myocardial remodeling; a process that leads to increased myocardial fibrosis, gradual further loss of cardiomyocytes, left ventricular dilation and heart failure. Upon HTx, DAMPs aggravate ischemic damage, which results in more pronounced reperfusion injury that impacts cardiac function and increases the occurrence of primary graft dysfunction and graft rejection via cytokine release, cardiac edema, enhanced myocardial/endothelial damage and allograft fibrosis. Therapies targeting DAMPs or PRRs have predominantly been investigated in experimental models and are potentially cardioprotective. To date, however, none of these interventions have reached the clinical arena. In this review we summarize the current evidence of involvement of DAMPs and PRRs in the inflammatory response after MI and HTx. Furthermore, we will discuss various current therapeutic approaches targeting this complex interplay and provide possible reasons why clinical translation still fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J. M. Silvis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Clémence A. Odille
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Niels P. van der Kaaij
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Saskia C. A. de Jager
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lena Bosch
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerardus P. J. van Hout
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Zeng XS, Geng WS, Wang ZQ, Jia JJ. Morphine Addiction and Oxidative Stress: The Potential Effects of Thioredoxin-1. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:82. [PMID: 32153403 PMCID: PMC7047156 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term administration of morphine for the management of chronic pain will result in tolerance to its analgesic effect and could even cause drug dependence. Numerous studies have demonstrated significant redox alteration in morphine dependence and addiction. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) play important roles in controlling the cellular redox balance. In recent years, several recent studies have demonstrated that Trx-1 may be a promising novel therapeutic target for morphine addiction. In this article, we firstly review the redox alteration in morphine addiction. We also summarize the expression and the protective roles of Trx-1 in morphine dependence. We further highlight the protection of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), a noncytotoxic pharmacological inducer of Trx-1, in morphine-induced conditioned place preference. In conclusion, Trx-1 may be very promising for clinical therapy of morphine addiction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Si Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Wen-Shuo Geng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Zhan-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Jin-Jing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
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Pterostilbene Attenuates Fructose-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis by Inhibiting ROS-Driven Pitx2c/miR-15b Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1243215. [PMID: 31871537 PMCID: PMC6913258 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1243215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive fructose consumption induces oxidative stress and myocardial fibrosis. Antioxidant compound pterostilbene has cardioprotective effect in experimental animals. This study is aimed at investigating how fructose drove fibrotic responses via oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and explored the attenuation mechanisms of pterostilbene. We observed fructose-induced myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis with ROS overproduction in rats. Paired-like homeodomain 2 (Pitx2c) increase, microRNA-15b (miR-15b) low expression, and p53 phosphorylation (p-p53) upregulation, as well as activation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/drosophila mothers against DPP homolog (Smads) signaling and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) induction, were also detected in fructose-fed rat hearts and fructose-exposed rat myocardial cell line H9c2 cells. The results from p53 siRNA or TGF-β1 siRNA transfection showed that TGF-β1-induced upregulation of CTGF expression and p-p53 activated TGF-β1/Smads signaling in fructose-exposed H9c2 cells. Of note, Pitx2c negatively modulated miR-15b expression via binding to the upstream of the miR-15b genetic loci by chromatin immunoprecipitation and transfection analysis with pEX1-Pitx2c plasmid and Pitx2c siRNA, respectively. In H9c2 cells pretreated with ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine, or transfected with miR-15b mimic and inhibitor, fructose-induced cardiac ROS overload could drive Pitx2c-mediated miR-15b low expression, then cause p-p53-activated TGF-β1/Smads signaling and CTGF induction in myocardial fibrosis. We also found that pterostilbene significantly improved myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in fructose-fed rats and fructose-exposed H9c2 cells. Pterostilbene reduced cardiac ROS to block Pitx2c-mediated miR-15b low expression and p-p53-dependent TGF-β1/Smads signaling activation and CTGF induction in high fructose-induced myocardial fibrosis. These results firstly demonstrated that the ROS-driven Pitx2c/miR-15b pathway was required for p-p53-dependent TGF-β1/Smads signaling activation in fructose-induced myocardial fibrosis. Pterostilbene protected against high fructose-induced myocardial fibrosis through the inhibition of Pitx2c/miR-15b pathway to suppress p-p53-activated TGF-β1/Smads signaling, warranting the consideration of Pitx2c/miR-15b pathway as a therapeutic target in myocardial fibrosis.
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Nakano Y, Kobayashi D, Miyake M, Kanno R, Murakawa M, Hazama A. The Cytotoxic Effects of Geranylgeranylacetone Are Attenuated in the High-Glucose Condition. Biores Open Access 2019; 8:162-168. [PMID: 31656692 PMCID: PMC6814082 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2018.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) has been used as an antiulcer drug and also is known as inducer of heat shock protein 70 that has cytoprotective effects especially in hyperglycemic condition. In contrast, cytotoxicity of GGA has also been reported. Some studies have reported that GGA suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis in cell models of human leukemia, ovarian carcinoma, and colon cancer in vitro. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether GGA can have a cytotoxic effect on a human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2), and human embryonic kidney cells 293 (HEK) in normal-glucose and high-glucose environments (NG and HG, respectively). The results showed that 100 μM GGA inhibited proliferation of HeLa cells only in NG environment despite inhibiting proliferation of Caco-2 and HEK cells regardless of glucose concentration. Cell viability assay revealed that GGA decreased viability of HeLa, Caco-2, and HEK cells only in NG environment. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the type of cell death was a combination of necrosis and apoptosis. Our study revealed that difference in cytotoxicity of GGA is influenced by glucose condition. The cytotoxic effects of GGA are attenuated in the HG condition. Since both cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects are reported about GGA, further research is needed about the mechanism of the cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakano
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masao Miyake
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kanno
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hazama
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Gong Y, Huang X, Chen M, Xiong L. Teprenone improves gastric mucosal injury and dyspeptic symptoms in long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug users. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:1344-1350. [PMID: 30681185 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a major cause of gastric mucosal lesions. In China, teprenone is frequently prescribed as a mucoprotective agent, but the literature regarding their efficacy is limited. Our purpose was to address the effects of teprenone on long-term NSAID-associated gastric mucosal lesions. METHODS This study examined 369 patients taking NSAIDs for at least 12 weeks. Patients without gastroduodenal ulcer and without Helicobacter pylori infection on endoscopy at baseline were randomized to receive either NSAID plus teprenone (150 mg/day) or NSAID only for 12 weeks. Lanza scores were examined using endoscopy before and after treatment, and dyspeptic symptom scores are also analyzed. RESULTS A total of 158 patients were randomized to the teprenone group (n = 74) or the control group (n = 84) for 12 weeks. Seventy-one of patients in the teprenone group and 79 of patients in the control group were analyzed finally. After treatment, the Lanza scores and dyspeptic symptom scores decreased significantly in the teprenone group while increased in the control group (P < 0.05). The changes of Lanza scores and dyspeptic symptom scores were higher in the teprenone group than in the control group (P < 0.05). For subgroup analysis, the change in Lanza scores and dyspeptic symptom scores improved significantly in the teprenone group receiving long-term low-dose aspirin treatment, as well as in the teprenone group receiving other NSAIDs treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Teprenone may be an effective treatment choice of gastric mucosal injuries and dyspepsia symptoms in patients who used NSAIDs chronically without H. pylori infection or history of gastroduodenal ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lishou Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Gong R, Li XY, Chen HJ, Xu CC, Fang HY, Xiang J, Wu YQ. Role of heat shock protein 22 in the protective effect of geranylgeranylacetone in response to oxidized-LDL. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2619-2632. [PMID: 31534311 PMCID: PMC6680084 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s209598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim was to investigate the role and potential mechanism of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) in the development of atherosclerosis, and to explore the role of heat shock protein 22 (HSP22) in mediating GGA effect. Methods Human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) was used for in vitro study. RNA interference was applied to suppress HSP22 in the cells. Cellular apoptosis and intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometer, and proteins of HSP22, NF-κB, eNOS, and ICAM-1 were assessed by immunoblotting. HSP22-/-//ApoE-/-, and HSP22+/+//ApoE-/- mice were used to investigate the effect of GGA in the animal model of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic lesion of the mice aortas was evaluated by Oil Red O staining and H&E staining. Results GGA significantly inhibited HCAEC apoptosis in response to oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL), but stimulated HSP22 synthesis in the cells. Transfection of HSP22-siRNA in the cells resulted in complete blockage of the GGA effect on apoptosis. GGA also significantly inhibited ROS, NF-κB, and ICAM-1 in the cells transfected control siRNA, but not in the cells transfected with HSP22-siRNA. Atherosclerotic plaque in the aorta was significantly less in the wild type (WT) animals treated with GGA as stained either by Oil Red O or by H&E staining, but not in the HSP22-KO mice. GGA significantly inhibited expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 in the WT mice, but not in the HSP22-KO mice. Conclusion GGA-induced HSP22, and inhibited ox-LDL-induced apoptosis as well as expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 in the HCAECs. GGA also attenuated formation of atherosclerotic plaques in mice aorta. Suppression of HSP22 by siRNA resulted in blockage of the GGA inhibition on apoptosis or stimulation on NF-κB and ICAM-1. These findings suggested that GGA protects endothelial cells from injury in response to ox-LDL and block atherosclerotic development in mice aorta through induction of HSP22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huai-Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Cong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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13
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van Marion DMS, Dorsch L, Hoogstra-Berends F, Kakuchaya T, Bockeria L, de Groot NMS, Brundel BJJM. Oral geranylgeranylacetone treatment increases heat shock protein expression in human atrial tissue. Heart Rhythm 2019; 17:115-122. [PMID: 31302249 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are important chaperones that regulate the maintenance of healthy protein quality control in the cell. Impairment of HSPs is associated with aging-related neurodegenerative and cardiac diseases. Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) is a compound well known to increase HSPs through activation of heat shock factor-1 (HSF1). GGA increases HSPs in various tissues, but whether GGA can increase HSP expression in human heart tissue is unknown. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test whether oral GGA treatment increases HSP expression in the atrial appendages of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS HSPB1, HSPA1, HSPD1, HSPA5, HSF1, and phosphorylated HSF1 levels were measured by western blot analysis in right and left atrial appendages (RAAs and LAAs, respectively) collected from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) who were treated with placebo (n = 13) or GGA 400 mg/da(n = 13) 3 days before surgery. Myofilament fractions were isolated from LAAs to determine the levels of HSPB1 and HSPA1 present in these fractions. RESULTS GGA treatment significantly increased HSPB1 and HSPA1 expression levels in RAA and LAA compared to the placebo group, whereas HSF1, phosphorylated HSF1, HSPD1, and HSPA5 were unchanged. In addition, GGA treatment significantly enhanced HSPB1 levels at the myofilaments compared to placebo. CONCLUSION Three days of GGA treatment is associated with higher HSPB1 and HSPA1 expression levels in RAA and LAA of patients undergoing CABG surgery and higher HSPB1 levels at the myofilaments. These findings pave the way to study the role of GGA as a protective compound against other cardiac diseases, including postoperative atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M S van Marion
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Larissa Dorsch
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Hoogstra-Berends
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tea Kakuchaya
- A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leo Bockeria
- A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Santos-Junior VDA, Lollo PCB, Cantero MA, Moura CS, Amaya-Farfan J, Morato PN. Heat Shock Proteins: Protection and Potential Biomarkers for Ischemic Injury of Cardiomyocytes After Surgery. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 33:291-302. [PMID: 30043923 PMCID: PMC6089130 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2017-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock proteins are endogenous proteins with the ability to act as
molecular chaperones. Methods that provide cell protection by way of some damage
can positively influence the results of surgery. The present review summarizes
current knowledge concerning the cardioprotective role of the heat shock
proteins as occurs in heart damage, including relevant information about the
stresses that regulate the expression of these proteins and their potential role
as biomarkers of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcos Antonio Cantero
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FCS) da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Soares Moura
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime Amaya-Farfan
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Neder Morato
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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15
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Sun Y, Zhang P, Zheng H, Dong L, Tan L, Song C, Qiu X, Liao Y, Meng C, Yu S, Ding C. Chicken RNA-binding protein T-cell internal antigen-1 contributes to stress granule formation in chicken cells and tissues. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:3-12. [PMID: 28693298 PMCID: PMC5799397 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell internal antigen-1 (TIA-1) has roles in regulating alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA translation, and stress granule (SG) formation in human cells. As an evolutionarily conserved response to environmental stress, SGs have been reported in various species. However, SG formation in chicken cells and the role of chicken TIA-1 (cTIA-1) in SG assembly has not been elucidated. In the present study, we cloned cTIA-1 and showed that it facilitates the assembly of canonical SGs in both human and chicken cells. Overexpression of the chicken prion-related domain (cPRD) of cTIA-1 that bore an N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag (pntGFP-cPRD) or Flag tag (pFlag-cPRD) induced the production of typical SGs. However, C-terminal GFP-tagged cPRD induced notably large cytoplasmic granules that were devoid of endogenous G3BP1 and remained stable when exposed to cycloheximide, indicating that these were not typical SGs, and that the pntGFP tag influences cPRD localization. Finally, endogenous cTIA-1 was recruited to SGs in chicken cells and tissues under environmental stress. Taken together, our study provide evidence that cTIA-1 has a role in canonical SG formation in chicken cells and tissues. Our results also indicate that cPRD is necessary for SG aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Pin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Hang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Luna Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
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16
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Xi MD, Li P, Du H, Qiao XM, Liu ZG, Wei WQ. Geranylgeranylacetone induction of HSP90α exerts cryoprotective effect on Acipenser sinensis sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 193:19-25. [PMID: 29724523 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) is a fertility-associated protein, the expression of which positively correlates with sperm quality in many species. Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) is reported to induce expression of HSP90. The present study aimed to investigate whether GGA induced expression of HSP90 in Acipenser sinensis sperm to exert a cryoprotective effect. Sperm from five male A. sinensis was combined with extender containing 20 mmol/L tris pH = 8.1, 10% v/v methanol, 2-5 mmol/L KCl, 15 mmol/L lactose, and 15 mmol/L trehalose, with GGA at 0, 14, 67, 135, 673, 1346, or 6731 μmol/L. After cryopreservation and thawing, the percentage of motile spermatozoa, spermatozoon curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), acrosome integrity, and membrane integrity, as well as fertility were evaluated. Sperm quality increased with the increase of GGA to 673 μmol/L, but decreased at higher concentrations. Expression levels of HSP90α were detected by Western blot in sperm frozen with GGA at 673 μmol/L (highest obtained sperm quality), 6731 μmol/L (highest GGA concentration), and a control without GGA. The expression of HSP90α increased with the increase in GGA, with lowest expression observed in the control. GGA was found to induce increase of HSP90α, and this increase was associated with higher quality cryopreserved sperm at concentrations ≤673 μmol/L. This research suggests a viable technique to increase the quality of cryopreserved A. sinensis sperm by adding GGA to induce expression of HSP90α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Dan Xi
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Sino-Czech Joint Laboratory for Fish Conservation and Biotechnology, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Hao Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Sino-Czech Joint Laboratory for Fish Conservation and Biotechnology, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xin Mei Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Sino-Czech Joint Laboratory for Fish Conservation and Biotechnology, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zhi Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Sino-Czech Joint Laboratory for Fish Conservation and Biotechnology, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Wei Qi Wei
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Sino-Czech Joint Laboratory for Fish Conservation and Biotechnology, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
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17
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Zeng S, Wang H, Chen Z, Cao Q, Hu L, Wu Y. Effects of geranylgeranylacetone upon cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 36:e12331. [PMID: 29656548 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Zeng
- The Third Department of Cardiology; Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital; Nanchang China
| | - Hong Wang
- The Third Department of Cardiology; Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital; Nanchang China
| | - Zaihua Chen
- The Third Department of Cardiology; Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital; Nanchang China
| | - Qianqiang Cao
- The Third Department of Cardiology; Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital; Nanchang China
| | - Lin Hu
- The Third Department of Cardiology; Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital; Nanchang China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
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18
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Tashiro S, Miyake H, Rokutan K. Role of geranylgeranylacetone as non-toxic HSP70 inducer in liver surgery: clinical application. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2018; 25:269-274. [DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiki Tashiro
- Department of Surgery; Taoka Hospital; Tokushima Japan
- School of Medicine; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - Hidenori Miyake
- School of Medicine; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
- Department of Surgery; Tokushima Municipal Hospital; Tokushima Japan
| | - Kazuhito Rokutan
- Department of Pathophysiology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
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19
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Penna C, Sorge M, Femminò S, Pagliaro P, Brancaccio M. Redox Aspects of Chaperones in Cardiac Function. Front Physiol 2018; 9:216. [PMID: 29615920 PMCID: PMC5864891 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are stress proteins that allow the correct folding or unfolding as well as the assembly or disassembly of macromolecular cellular components. Changes in expression and post-translational modifications of chaperones have been linked to a number of age- and stress-related diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases. Redox sensible post-translational modifications, such as S-nitrosylation, glutathionylation and phosphorylation of chaperone proteins have been reported. Redox-dependent regulation of chaperones is likely to be a phenomenon involved in metabolic processes and may represent an adaptive response to several stress conditions, especially within mitochondria, where it impacts cellular bioenergetics. These post-translational modifications might underlie the mechanisms leading to cardioprotection by conditioning maneuvers as well as to ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this review, we discuss this topic and focus on two important aspects of redox-regulated chaperones, namely redox regulation of mitochondrial chaperone function and cardiac protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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20
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Guo S, Zhen Y, Wang A. Geranylgeranylacetone exerts neuroprotective roles through medicating the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway in an intracerebral hemorrhage rat model. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:893-898. [PMID: 29098920 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1389925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previous studies have demonstrated that geranylgeranylacetone exerts neuroprotective effects in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. This study is designed to explore the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to intracerebral hemorrhage by stereotactic injection of collagenase and were pretreated without or with different doses of geranylgeranylacetone. At 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days after the operation, the neurological deficits were examined with the scoring scale method. To explore the underlying mechanism, wortmannin (Wort), a specific phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, was used. The protein expression of Akt was determined by Western blotting. The brain water content and the hematoma volume assessment were measured and compared among the different groups. RESULTS We first found that geranylgeranylacetone pretreatment significantly reduced neurological deficit in intracerebral hemorrhage rats, indicating its neuroprotective role. Then, we found wort treatment significantly decreased the geranylgeranylacetone-induced Akt expression level in intracerebral hemorrhage rats. Besides, wort not only reversed the effects of geranylgeranylacetone on neurological function, but also reversed the effects of geranylgeranylacetone on reducing brain edema and decreasing hematoma volume in intracerebral hemorrhage rats. CONCLUSION Geranylgeranylacetone exerts neuroprotective roles, at least partially, through medicating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in an experimental intracerebral hemorrhage rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shewei Guo
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital , Zhengzhou University , Henan , China
| | - Yingwei Zhen
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital , Zhengzhou University , Henan , China
| | - Anran Wang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital , Zhengzhou University , Henan , China
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21
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Hu X, Van Marion DMS, Wiersma M, Zhang D, Brundel BJJM. The protective role of small heat shock proteins in cardiac diseases: key role in atrial fibrillation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:665-674. [PMID: 28484965 PMCID: PMC5465041 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common tachyarrhythmia which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. AF usually progresses from a self-terminating paroxysmal to persistent disease. It has been recognized that AF progression is driven by structural remodeling of cardiomyocytes, which results in electrical and contractile dysfunction of the atria. We recently showed that structural remodeling is rooted in derailment of proteostasis, i.e., homeostasis of protein production, function, and degradation. Since heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in maintaining a healthy proteostasis, the role of HSPs was investigated in AF. It was found that especially small heat shock protein (HSPB) levels get exhausted in atrial tissue of patients with persistent AF and that genetic or pharmacological induction of HSPB protects against cardiomyocyte remodeling in experimental models for AF. In this review, we provide an overview of HSPBs as a potential therapeutic target for normalizing proteostasis and suppressing the substrates for AF progression in experimental and clinical AF and discuss HSP activators as a promising therapy to prevent AF onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise M S Van Marion
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Wiersma
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deli Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Lo WC, Wu CT, Lee HC, Young YH, Chang YL, Cheng PW. Evaluation of geranylgeranylacetone against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by auditory brainstem response, heat shock proteins and oxidative levels in guinea pigs. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 61:29-35. [PMID: 28344103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to assess whether geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) could reduce ototoxicity induced by cisplatin through upregulation of not only heat shock protein(HSP)-70, but also HSP-27 and HSP-40, and to study if GGA would reduce cisplatin-induced increase in oxidative stress. 48 guinea pigs were used in this study and treated with the following regimen: 0.5% CMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) control for 7days, GGA (600mg/kg/d) for 7days, a combination of GGA (600mg/kg) for 7days and then one dose of 10mg/kg cisplatin (GGA+Cis), and a combination of CMC for 7days and then 10mg/kg cisplatin (cisplatin group). Auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement was performed in each animal at time before treatment and 7days after the last dose. Additionally, HSPs, nitric oxide (NO), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in cochlear membranous tissues were assessed. The mean ABR thresholds in the cisplatin group were significantly (p<0.05) increased when compared to the other three groups. In guinea pigs receiving both GGA and cisplatin, the mean threshold shift (TS) were smaller (p<0.05) than those of the cisplatin group, but larger (p<0.05) than those of the CMC control or GGA only group with statistical significance. Compared to the GGA only group or the group treated with GGA+Cis, the cisplatin group had the highest (p<0.05) oxidative stress (NO and LPO levels), and the lowest (p<0.05) mean HSPs expression levels. It can be concluded that GGA attenuate ototoxicity induced by cisplatin through upregulation of HSP-27, -40, and -70. Moreover, increased oxidative stress induced by cisplatin in the cochlea membranous tissue could be reduced by pre-treatment of GGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Chia Lo
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hillary Chiao Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ho Young
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Leong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Wen Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Knowlton AA. Paying for the Tolls: The High Cost of the Innate Immune System for the Cardiac Myocyte. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1003:17-34. [PMID: 28667552 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57613-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac myocyte differs strikingly from the specialized cells of the immune system, which has two different responses to invading organisms and tissue damage. Adaptive or acquired immunity generates highly specific antibodies in response to threats and is an essential component of immunity; however, adaptive immunity can take 4-7 days to mobilize, and a more primitive response, innate immunity, fills the gap. Innate immunity is expressed in complex and in primitive life forms. Specialized receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are widely distributed throughout different tissues recognize danger signals and rapidly respond with the release of noxious substances, such as TNFα. The problem is that many endogenous molecules have been found to act as ligands for specific TLRs, and when these molecules are released into the extracellular environment, they can cause problems by activating innate immunity and an inflammatory response. In cardiac myocytes heat shock protein (HSP)60 can activate TLR4, as can HMGB1, and this type of response can amplify the response to ischemia/reperfusion leading to increased cell and tissue injury. Activation of TLRs can potentially amplify chronic, inflammatory diseases, such as ischemic heart failure. Thus, it is important to understand the regulation of the TLRs and their downstream effects. This chapter will focus on the TLRs and cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne A Knowlton
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. .,The Department of Veteran's Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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24
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Wang Z, Kuang X, Shi J, Guo W, Liu H. Targeted delivery of geranylgeranylacetone to mitochondria by triphenylphosphonium modified nanoparticles: a promising strategy to prevent aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss. Biomater Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00224f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TPP induced and GGA loaded mitochondria-targeting nanoparticles could efficiently protect hair cells from damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Xiao Kuang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Jia Shi
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Weiling Guo
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Hongzhuo Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
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25
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HSP70: therapeutic potential in acute and chronic cardiac disease settings. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:2177-2183. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are a family of proteins that are produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. The best studied heat shock protein is HSP70, which is known to act as a molecular chaperone to maintain cellular homeostasis and inhibit protein aggregation in response to stress. While early animal studies suggested that increasing HSP70 in the heart (using a transgenic, gene transfer or pharmacological approach) provided cardiac protection against acute cardiac stress, recent studies have found no benefit of increasing HSP70 in mouse models of chronic cardiac stress. As HSP70 has been considered a potential therapeutic target, it is important to comprehensively assess HSP70 therapies in preclinical models of acute and chronic cardiac disease.
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Gasparova I, Kubatka P, Opatrilova R, Caprnda M, Filipova S, Rodrigo L, Malan L, Mozos I, Rabajdova M, Nosal V, Kobyliak N, Valentova V, Petrovic D, Adamek M, Kruzliak P. Perspectives and challenges of antioxidant therapy for atrial fibrillation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 390:1-14. [PMID: 27900409 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AF are poorly understood, although electrophysiological remodeling has been described as an important initiating step. There is growing evidence that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of AF. Many known triggers of oxidative stress, such as age, diabetes, smoking, and inflammation, are linked with an increased risk of arrhythmia. Numerous preclinical studies and clinical trials reported the importance of antioxidant therapy in the prevention of AF, using vitamins C and E, polyunsaturated fatty acids, statins, or nitric oxide donors. The aim of our work is to give a current overview and analysis of opportunities, challenges, and benefits of antioxidant therapy in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Gasparova
- Institute of Biology, Genetics and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic, Slovakia
| | - Radka Opatrilova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Slavomira Filipova
- Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Central University of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Leone Malan
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Miroslava Rabajdova
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Nosal
- Clinic of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Department of Endocrinology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vanda Valentova
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Petrovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljublana, Ljublana, Slovenia
| | - Mariusz Adamek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic. .,2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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27
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Dong Z, Shinmei Y, Dong Y, Inafuku S, Fukuhara J, Ando R, Kitaichi N, Kanda A, Tanaka K, Noda K, Harada T, Chin S, Ishida S. Effect of geranylgeranylacetone on the protection of retinal ganglion cells in a mouse model of normal tension glaucoma. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00191. [PMID: 27861646 PMCID: PMC5103079 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is characterized by axonal degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and apoptotic death of their cell bodies, and lowering intraocular pressure is associated with an attenuation of progressive optic nerve damage. Nevertheless, intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction alone was not enough to inhibit the progression of disease, which suggests the contribution of other factors to the glaucoma pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effect of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) on RGCs degeneration using a normal tension glaucoma (NTG) mouse model, which lacks glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) and demonstrates spontaneous RGC and optic nerve degeneration without elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Three-week-old GLAST+/− mice were given oral administration of GGA at 100, 300, or 600 mg/kg/day or vehicle alone, and littermate control mice were given vehicle alone for 14 days, respectively. At 5 weeks after birth, the number of RGCs was counted in paraffin sections of retinal tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin. In addition, retrograde labeling technique was also used to quantify the number of RGC. Expression and localization of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in retinas were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Activities of caspase-9 and -3 in retinas were also assessed. The number of RGCs of GLAST+/− mice significantly decreased, as compared to that of control mice. RGC loss was significantly suppressed by administration of GGA at 600 mg/kg/day, compared with vehicle alone. Following GGA administration, HSP70 was significantly upregulated together with reduction in the activities of caspase-9 and -3. Our studies highlight HSP70 induction in the retina is available to suppress RGC degeneration, and thus GGA may be applicable for NTG as a promising therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shinmei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoko Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Inafuku
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junichi Fukuhara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ando
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kitaichi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kanda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohichi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Noda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinki Chin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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28
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Ogasawara S, Hashizume K, Okuno T, Imaizumi T, Inomata Y, Tezuka Y, Sanbe A, Kurosaka D. Effect of Geranylgeranylacetone on Ultraviolet Radiation Type B-Induced Cataract in Heat-Shock Transcription Factor 1 Heterozygous Mouse. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:732-737. [PMID: 27732059 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1225771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether heat-shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) was involved in ultraviolet radiation type B (UVR-B)-induced lens opacity (cataract) using HSF1 heterozygous mice. We also examined the effects of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), an inducer of heat-shock proteins via activation of HSF, on the UVR-B-induced cataract. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male HSF1+/- and WT mice were unilaterally exposed to UVR-B (total: 1200mJ) at 16 weeks of age. At 48 h after the last UVR-B irradiation, the lens was isolated and the induction of the cataract was quantified as the cataract area ratio (opacity area/anterior capsule). GGA was orally administered at a dosage of 500 mg/kg once a day for two days before the first UVR-B exposure until the end of the experiment (21days in total). RESULTS The HSF1 expression was more greatly decreased in the lens from HSF1+/- mice than in that from WT mice (p < 0.01). UVR-B exposure could mainly induce cataracts in the anterior capsule in both HSF1+/- and WT mice, while the opacity of the lens was markedly enhanced in HSF1+/- mice compared to that in WT mice(p (0.01). GGA treatment could prevent the induction of lens opacity by UVR-B exposure in both WT and HSF1+/- mice as compared with the non-administration group (p < 0.01). No obvious alteration by the UVR-B radiation was seen in lens protein levels of αA-crystallin, αB-crystallin, or γ-crystallin with or without GGA administration among all groups of mice. In contrast to the crystallins, the lens protein level of HSP25 was decreased by UVR-B exposure in both HSF1+/- and WT mice, and was significantly recovered in WT mice by the GGA treatment (p < 0.01). The induction of HSP25 was suppressed in HSF1+/- mice compared with that in WT mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that HSF1 plays an important role in the occurrence of UVR-B-induced cataracts, possibly via regulation of HSPs such as HSP25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ogasawara
- a Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine , Iwate Medical University , Morioka , Japan
| | - Kouhei Hashizume
- a Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine , Iwate Medical University , Morioka , Japan
| | - Takashi Okuno
- a Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine , Iwate Medical University , Morioka , Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Imaizumi
- a Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine , Iwate Medical University , Morioka , Japan
| | - Yui Inomata
- b Department of Pharmacotherapeutics , School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University , Shiwa-gun , Japan
| | - Yu Tezuka
- b Department of Pharmacotherapeutics , School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University , Shiwa-gun , Japan
| | - Atushi Sanbe
- b Department of Pharmacotherapeutics , School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University , Shiwa-gun , Japan
| | - Daijiro Kurosaka
- a Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine , Iwate Medical University , Morioka , Japan
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Kondo T, Hisatome I, Yoshimura S, Mahati E, Notsu T, Li P, Iitsuka K, Kato M, Ogura K, Miake J, Aiba T, Shimizu W, Kurata Y, Sakata S, Nakasone N, Ninomiya H, Nakai A, Higaki K, Kawata Y, Shirayoshi Y, Yoshida A, Yamamoto K. Characterization of the novel mutant A78T-HERG from a long QT syndrome type 2 patient: Instability of the mutant protein and stabilization by heat shock factor 1. J Arrhythm 2016; 32:433-440. [PMID: 27761169 PMCID: PMC5063263 DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) encodes the α-subunit of rapidly activating delayed-rectifier potassium channels. Mutations in this gene cause long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2). In most cases, mutations reduce the stability of the channel protein, which can be restored by heat shock (HS). METHODS We identified the novel mutant A78T-HERG in a patient with LQT2. The purpose of the current study was to characterize this mutant protein and test whether HS and heat shock factors (HSFs) could stabilize the mutant protein. A78T-HERG and wild-type HERG (WT-HERG) were expressed in HEK293 cells and analyzed by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and whole-cell patch clamping. RESULTS When expressed in HEK293 cells, WT-HERG gave rise to immature and mature forms of the protein at 135 and 155 kDa, respectively. A78T-HERG gave rise only to the immature form, which was heavily ubiquitinated. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 increased the expression of immature A78T-HERG and increased both the immature and mature forms of WT-HERG. WT-HERG, but not A78T-HERG, was expressed on the plasma membrane. In whole-cell patch clamping experiments, depolarizing pulses evoked E4031-sensitive HERG channel currents in cells transfected with WT-HERG, but not in cells transfected with A78T-HERG. The A78V mutant, but not A78G mutant, remained in the immature form similarly to A78T. Maturation of the A78T-HERG protein was facilitated by HS, expression of HSF-1, or exposure to geranyl geranyl acetone. CONCLUSIONS A78T-HERG was characterized by protein instability and reduced expression on the plasma membrane. The stability of the mutant was partially restored by HSF-1, indicating that HSF-1 is a target for the treatment for LQT2 caused by the A78T mutation in HERG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kondo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Shouichi Yoshimura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Endang Mahati
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Tomomi Notsu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Peili Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Iitsuka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Masaru Kato
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ogura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Junichiro Miake
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Division of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kurata
- Department of Physiology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Shinji Sakata
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Naoe Nakasone
- Department of Biological Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Akira Nakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawata
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Akio Yoshida
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
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30
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Hsu SF, Chao CM, Chang CP, Lin MT, Cheng BC. Heat shock protein 72 may improve hypotension by increasing cardiac mechanical efficiency and arterial elastance in heatstroke rats. Int J Cardiol 2016; 219:63-9. [PMID: 27288968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We attempted to test the hypothesis that preinduction of heat shock protein (HSP) 72 in the heart would improve left ventricular performance in rat heatstroke. METHODS Cardiac expression of HSP 72 was quantitatively evaluated by western blot analysis in rats 0h, 12h, or 72h after mild heat preconditioning (MHP; 43°C for 30min). They were subjected to severe heat stress (SHS; 43°C for 70min) to induce heatstroke. A 1.2F catheter-tip pressure transducer was inserted into the left ventricle of these group rats under general anesthesia to record hemodynamic in the closed chest with a pressure-volume loop module data recording and analysis system. RESULTS At the time point of heatstroke onset, compared with normothermic controls, group rats with 12h post-MHP had significantly increased cardiac HSP 72, decreased hyperthermia, decreased hypotension, decreased bradycardia, increased end-systolic pressure, increased end-diastolic pressure, increased stroke volume, decreased end-systolic volume, decreased end-diastolic pressure, increased cardiac output, increased ejection fraction, increased stroke work, increased arterial elastance, and decreased time constant of fall in ventricular pressure by Glantz-methods. With the loss of cardiac HSP 72 expression observed at 72h in post-MHP group rats, an insignificant protection against left ventricular performance was observed. CONCLUSION Preinduction of cardiac HSP 72 may improve hypotension in heatstroke rats by increasing both cardiac mechanical efficiency and arterial elastance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City 821, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 736, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Chih Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan.
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31
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Nagai N, Kaji H, Nishizawa M, Nakazawa T, Abe T. Transscleral Controlled Delivery of Geranylgeranylaceton Using a Polymeric Device Protects Rat Retina Against Light Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 854:471-7. [PMID: 26427448 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of a transscleral drug delivery device, consisting of a reservoir and controlled-release cover, which were made of photopolymerized polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, combined at different ratios. Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), a heat-shock protein (HSP) inducer, was loaded into the device. The GGA was released from the device under zero-order kinetics. At both 1 week and 4 weeks after device implantation on rat sclera, HSP70 gene and protein expression were up-regulated in the sclera-choroid-retinal pigment epithelium fraction of rat eyes treated with the GGA-loaded device compared with rat eyes treated with saline-loaded devices or eyes of non-treated rats. Flash electroretinograms were recorded 4 days after white light exposure (8000 lx for 18 h). Electroretinographic amplitudes of the a- and b-waves were preserved significantly in rats treated with GGA-loaded devices compared with rats treated with saline-loaded devices. Histological examination showed that the outer nuclear layer thickness was preserved in rats that had the GGA-loaded device. These results may show that transscleral GGA delivery using our device may offer an alternative method to treat retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nagai
- Division of Clinical Cell Therapy, Center for Advanced Medical Research and Development (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Kaji
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Engineering, 6-6-01 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, 980-8579, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Matsuhiko Nishizawa
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Engineering, 6-6-01 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, 980-8579, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, 980-8574, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Abe
- Division of Clinical Cell Therapy, Center for Advanced Medical Research and Development (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan.
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Grave E, Yokota SI, Yamamoto S, Tamura A, Ohtaki-Mizoguchi T, Yokota K, Oguma K, Fujiwara K, Ogawa N, Okamoto T, Otaka M, Itoh H. Geranylgeranylacetone selectively binds to the HSP70 of Helicobacter pylori and alters its coccoid morphology. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13738. [PMID: 26345206 PMCID: PMC4561889 DOI: 10.1038/srep13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) is used to treat patients suffering from peptic ulcers and gastritis. We examined the effect of GGA on Helicobacter pylori, which is a causative factor of gastrointestinal diseases. Previously, we have reported that GGA binds specifically to the molecular chaperone HSP70. In this paper, we report that GGA bounds to H. pylori HSP70 (product of the DnaK gene) with 26-times higher affinity than to human HSP70, and induced large conformational changes as observed from surface plasmon resonance and circular dichroism. Binding of GGA suppressed the activity of the H. pylori chaperone. GGA also altered several characteristics of H. pylori cells. GGA-treated cells elicited enhanced interleukin-8 production by gastric cancer cell lines and potentiated susceptibility to complement as compared to untreated cells. GGA also caused morphological alterations in H. pylori as reflected in fewer coccoid-like cells, suggesting that GGA converts H. pylori to an actively dividing, spiral state (vegetative form) from a non-growing, coccoid state. This morphological conversion by GGA resulted in accelerated growth of H. pylori. These results suggest a model in which GGA sensitizes H. pylori to antibiotic treatment by converting the cells to an actively growing state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Grave
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School and Faculty of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Soh Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Arisa Tamura
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School and Faculty of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan
| | - Takako Ohtaki-Mizoguchi
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School and Faculty of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Yokota
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Keiji Oguma
- Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fujiwara
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School and Faculty of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ogawa
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School and Faculty of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoya Okamoto
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School and Faculty of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan
| | - Michiro Otaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideaki Itoh
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School and Faculty of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan
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He W, Zhuang Y, Wang L, Qi L, Chen B, Wang M, Shao D, Chen J. Geranylgeranylacetone attenuates hepatic fibrosis by increasing the expression of heat shock protein 70. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4895-900. [PMID: 26165998 PMCID: PMC4581808 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene may be closely associated with tissue fibrosis; however, the association between HSP70 and liver fibrosis remains to be fully elucidated. The present study hypothesized that geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) exerts beneficial effects on liver fibrosis though upregulation of the expression of HSP70. Liver fibrosis was induced in rats using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The rats were subsequently divided into three groups: Control group, CCl4 model group and CCl4 model + GGA group. Liver fibrosis in the rats was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining and Sirius red staining. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin were determined using an automated biochemistry analyzer. The levels of total hepatic hydroxyproline were also determined. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were determined using immunofluorescence staining and western blotting, and the protein expression levels of HSP70 were determined using western blotting. The CCl4-induced rats exhibited liver fibrosis, increased hydroxyproline content, impaired liver function, upregulated expression levels of the α-SMA and TGF-β1 pro-fibrogenic proteins, and increased expression of HSP70, compared with the control group. These changes were attenuated by treatment with GGA. These results demonstrated that GGA exerted beneficial effects in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis via upregulating the expression of HSP70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Liangzhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Binfang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Dong Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Zhang Q, Liu T, Ng CY, Li G. Diabetes mellitus and atrial remodeling: mechanisms and potential upstream therapies. Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 32:233-41. [PMID: 25065462 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice, and its prevalence has increasing substantially over the last decades. Recent data suggest that there is an increased risk of AF among the patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the potential molecular mechanisms regarding DM-related AF and diabetic atrial remodeling are not fully understood. In this comprehensive review, we would like to summarize the potential relationship between diabetes and atrial remodeling, including structural, electrical, and autonomic remodeling. Also, some upstream therapies, such as thiazolidinediones, probucol, ACEI/ARBs, may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of AF. Therefore, large prospective randomized, controlled trials and further experimental studies should be challengingly continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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The future of atrial fibrillation therapy: intervention on heat shock proteins influencing electropathology is the next in line. Neth Heart J 2015; 23:327-33. [PMID: 25947079 PMCID: PMC4446279 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-015-0699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common age-related cardiac arrhythmia accounting for one-third of hospitalisations. Treatment of AF is difficult, which is rooted in the progressive nature of electrical and structural remodelling, called electropathology, which makes the atria more vulnerable for AF. Importantly, structural damage of the myocardium is already present when AF is diagnosed for the first time. Currently, no effective therapy is known that can resolve this damage. Previously, we observed that exhaustion of cardioprotective heat shock proteins (HSPs) contributes to structural damage in AF patients. Also, boosting of HSPs, by the heat shock factor-1 activator geranylgeranylacetone, halted AF initiation and progression in experimental cardiomyocyte and dog models for AF. However, it is still unclear whether induction of HSPs also prolongs the arrhythmia-free interval after, for example, cardioversion of AF. In this review, we discuss the role of HSPs in the pathophysiology of AF and give an outline of the HALT&REVERSE project, initiated by the HALT&REVERSE Consortium and the AF Innovation Platform. This project will elucidate whether HSPs (1) reverse cardiomyocyte electropathology and thereby halt AF initiation and progression and (2) represent novel biomarkers that predict the outcome of AF conversion and/or occurrence of post-surgery AF.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading global cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a highly conserved family of proteins with diverse functions expressed by all cells exposed to environmental stress. Studies have reported that several HSPs may be potential risk markers of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases, or may be directly involved in the atherogenic process itself. HSPs are expressed by cells in atherosclerotic plaque and anti-HSP has been reported to be increased in patients with vascular disease. Autoimmune responses may be generated against antigens present within the atherosclerotic plaque, including HSP and may lead to a cycle of ongoing vascular injury. It has been suggested that by inducing a state of tolerance to these antigens, the atherogenic process may be limited and thus provide a potential therapeutic approach. It has been suggested that anti-HSPs are independent predictors of risk of vascular disease. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of HSP in cardiovascular disease and highlight their potential role as diagnostic agents and therapeutic targets.
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Wang X, Yuan B, Dong W, Yang B, Yang Y, Lin X, Gong G. Induction of heat-shock protein 70 expression by geranylgeranylacetone shows cytoprotective effects in cardiomyocytes of mice under humid heat stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93536. [PMID: 24695789 PMCID: PMC3973581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has revealed that humid heat stress (HHS) causes considerable damage to human health. The cardiovascular system has been suggested to be the primary target of heat stress, which results in serious cardiovascular diseases. However, there is still a lack of effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases induced by HHS. Objective Heat-shock proteins (Hsps), especially Hsp70, are reported to provide effective cytoprotection under various stress stimuli. In the present study, we evaluated the cytoprotective effect of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), which was previously been reported to induce Hsp70 expression in cardiomyocytes under HHS. Methods and Principal Findings Using a mouse model of HHS, we showed that the pretreatment of GGA enhanced Hsp70 expression under HHS, as examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. We then examined the effect of GGA pretreatment on the cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by HHS using terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and found that GGA pretreatment inhibited mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. GGA pretreatment could reverse the effect of HHS on cell apoptosis by increasing expression of Bcl-2, decreasing cytochrome c in cytosol, and increasing cytochrome c in mitochondria. However, GGA pretreatment had no effect on the oxidative stress induced by HHS as determined by levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH). Conclusion We have demonstrated that GGA pretreatment suppressed HHS-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes through the induction of Hsp70 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Wang
- Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Yuan
- Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenpeng Dong
- Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Yang
- Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gu Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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Geranylgeranylacetone and volatile anesthetic-induced cardiac protection synergism is dependent on caveolae and caveolin-3. J Anesth 2014; 28:733-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-014-1816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chaperone heat shock protein 70 in nucleus accumbens core: a novel biological target of behavioural sensitization to morphine in rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:469-84. [PMID: 24280010 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145713001429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is a major public health issue, yet the underlying adaptation of neural networks by drugs of abuse is not fully understood. We have previously linked chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) to drug-induced adaptations. Focusing on the NAc core and shell, the present study aims to provide further findings for our understanding of the relation between behavioural sensitization to morphine and Hsp70 at transcriptional and functional levels in rats. Firstly, we delineated the characteristics of behavioural sensitization induced by a single morphine exposure (1-10 mg/kg, s.c.). Secondly, Hsp70 protein expression in the NAc core was time- and dose-relatedly induced during the development of behavioural sensitization to a single morphine exposure in rats, and Pearson analysis indicated a positive correlation between behavioural sensitization and Hsp70 expression in NAc core. Thirdly, at the transcriptional level, intra-NAc core injection of the specific heat shock factor-I (HSF-I) inhibitor N-Formyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-benzylidine-γ-butyrolactam (KNK437) suppressed Hsp70 expression and the development of behavioural sensitization, while the HSF-I specific inducer geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) promoted both of them. Interestingly, intra-NAc shell injection of KNK437 or GGA did not affect the development of behavioural sensitization. Finally, both the functional inhibition of Hsp70 ATPase activity by methylene blue (MB), and the antagonism of Hsp70 substrate binding site (SBD) activity by pifithrin-μ (PES) impaired the development of behavioural sensitization when they were microinjected into the NAc core. Taken together, the critical involvement of chaperone Hsp70 in behavioural sensitization to morphine identifies a biological target for long-lasting adaptations with relevance to addiction.
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Tarone G, Brancaccio M. Keep your heart in shape: molecular chaperone networks for treating heart disease. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:346-61. [PMID: 24585203 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in the treatment of cardiac diseases, there is still a great need for drugs capable of counteracting the deterioration of cardiac muscle function in congestive heart failure. The role of misfolded protein accumulation as a causal event in the physiopathology of common cardiac diseases is an important emerging concept. Indeed, diverse stress conditions, including mechanical stretching and oxidative stress, can induce misfolded protein accumulation, causing cardiomyocyte death. Cells react to these stress conditions by activating molecular chaperones, a class of proteins that represents an endogenous salvage machinery, essential for rescuing physiological cell functions and sustaining cell survival. Chaperones, also known as heat shock proteins (Hsps), prevent accumulation of damaged proteins by promoting either their refolding or degradation via the proteasome or the autophagosome systems. In addition, molecular chaperones play a key role in intracellular signalling by controlling conformational changes required for activation/deactivation of signalling proteins, and their assembly in specific signalosome complexes. The key role of molecular chaperones in heart function is highlighted by the fact that a number of genetic mutations in chaperone proteins result in different forms of cardiomyopathies. Moreover, a considerable amount of experimental evidence indicates that increasing expression of chaperone proteins leads to an important cardio-protective role in ischaemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, and arrhythmia, implicating these molecules as potential innovative therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
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Geranylgeranylacetone protects the heart via caveolae and caveolin-3. Life Sci 2014; 101:43-8. [PMID: 24582814 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) is commonly utilized to protect the gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer disease. Recently GGA has been shown to protect the myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion by activating heat shock proteins. However, the exact mechanism as to how GGA activates these protective proteins is unknown. Caveolae and caveolin-3 (Cav-3) have been implicated in ischemia, anesthetic, and opioid induced cardiac protection. Given the lipophilic nature of GGA it is our hypothesis that GGA induced cardiac protection requires caveolae and Cav-3. MAIN METHODS We used an in vivo mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion injury and performed biochemical assays in excised hearts. KEY FINDINGS GGA treated control mice revealed increased caveolae formation and caveolin-3 in buoyant fractions, mediating heat shock protein 70 activation. Furthermore, control mice treated with GGA were protected against ischemia/reperfusion injury whereas Cav-3 knockout (Cav-3 KO) mice were not. Troponin levels confirmed myocardial damage. Finally, Cav-3 KO mice treated with GGA were not protected against mitochondrial swelling whereas control mice had significant protection. SIGNIFICANCE This study showed that caveolae and caveolin-3 are essential in facilitating GGA induced cardiac protection by optimizing spatial and temporal signaling to the mitochondria.
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Nanke Y, Kawamoto M, Yago T, Chiba J, Yamanaka H, Kotake S. Geranylgeranylacetone, a non-toxic inducer of heat shock protein, induces cell death in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-009-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Henderson B, Kaiser F. Do reciprocal interactions between cell stress proteins and cytokines create a new intra-/extra-cellular signalling nexus? Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:685-701. [PMID: 23884786 PMCID: PMC3789882 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine biology began in the 1950s, and by 1988, a large number of cytokines, with a myriad of biological actions, had been discovered. In 1988, the basis of the protein chaperoning function of the heat shock, or cell stress, proteins was identified, and it was assumed that this was their major activity. However, since this time, evidence has accumulated to show that cell stress proteins are secreted by cells and can stimulate cellular cytokine synthesis with the generation of pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokine networks. Cell stress can also control cytokine synthesis, and cytokines are able to induce, or even inhibit, the synthesis of selected cell stress proteins and may also promote their release. How cell stress proteins control the formation of cytokines is not understood and how cytokines control cell stress protein synthesis depends on the cellular compartment experiencing stress, with cytoplasmic heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) having a variety of actions on cytokine gene transcription. The endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response also exhibits a complex set of behaviours in terms of control of cytokine synthesis. In addition, individual intracellular cell stress proteins, such as Hsp27 and Hsp90, have major roles in controlling cellular responses to cytokines and in controlling cytokine synthesis in response to exogenous factors. While still confusing, the literature supports the hypothesis that cell stress proteins and cytokines may generate complex intra- and extra-cellular networks, which function in the control of cells to external and internal stressors and suggests the cell stress response as a key parameter in cytokine network generation and, as a consequence, in control of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Henderson
- />Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Frank Kaiser
- />Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
- />Division of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD UK
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Lv T, Li Y, Jia J, Shi Z, Bai J. Protective effect of geranylgeranylacetone against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma cells. Pharmacology 2013; 92:131-7. [PMID: 24008351 DOI: 10.1159/000353213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant and is one of the agents most commonly abused by illicit drug users which could induce neuron apoptosis when it is used repeatedly and overdosed. Our previous study demonstrated that geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) was an inducer of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), which played a cytoprotective role against neurotoxicity. METHODS Using the MTT assay, we detected the effect of GGA on cell viability by methamphetamine in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Tyrosine hydroxylase, Trx-1, Hsp70, procaspase-9, procaspase-12 and procaspase-3 expression were examined by Western blot analysis. We also detected enzymatic activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9. RESULTS We found that GGA protected PC12 cells from apoptosis caused by methamphetamine. Furthermore, GGA reversed the decreases in Trx-1 and Hsp70 by methamphetamine, and prevented the methamphetamine-induced decreases in procaspase-9 and procaspase-3. On the other hand, GGA prevented the methamphetamine-induced increases in the enzymatic activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Procaspase-12 was not changed by any treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that GGA protects PC12 cells from methamphetamine-induced toxicity by increasing Trx-1 and Hsp70 and by preventing mitochondria pathway-mediated apoptosis. In summary, GGA may be used as a therapy for neurotoxicity induced by methamphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lv
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Chang SL, Chen YC, Hsu CP, Kao YH, Lin YK, Lai YJ, Yeh HI, Higa S, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Heat shock protein inducer modifies arrhythmogenic substrate and inhibits atrial fibrillation in the failing heart. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:4019-26. [PMID: 23871620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) has been reported up-regulating heat shock protein (HSP) expression, and protecting against atrial remodeling. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GGA on atrial electrophysiology and inducibility of atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure (HF) model. METHODS AND RESULTS HF rabbits were created 4 weeks after coronary artery ligation. Monophasic action potential recordings and multielectrode array were used to record the electrophysiological characteristics of left atrium (LA) in normal, or HF rabbits with (HF-GGA) and without (HF-control) oral administration of GGA (200 mg/kg, 24 h before experiments). The mRNA and protein expressions of ionic channels were measured by Western blot and PCR. HF-GGA LA (n = 10), similar to normal LA (n = 10) had a shorter action potential duration (APD) and effective refractory period than HF-control LA (n = 10). HF-GGA LA had less triggered activity and APD alternans (20% vs. 100%, P = 0.001), lower maxima slope of restitution curve of APD (0.94 ± 0.04 vs.1.69 ± 0.04, P < 0.001), and less inducibility of AF (50% vs. 100%, P = 0.033) than HF-control LA. HF-GGA LA had a shorter activation time and higher conduction velocity than HF-control LA. HF-GGA LA had a higher mRNA expression of Cav1.2, Nav1.5, Kir2.1, Kv1.4, Kv7.1, Kv11.1, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase, and higher phosphorylation of phospholamban than HF-control LA. CONCLUSIONS GGA decreases triggered activity, dispersion of APD and inducibility of AF in failing heart through induction of HSP, and modulation of ionic channels and calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Lin Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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The role of heat shock protein 70 induced by geranylgeranylacetone in carbon tetrachloride-exposed adult rat testes. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2013; 20:139-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Isoir M, Roque T, Squiban C, Milliat F, Mondon P, Mas-Chamberlin C, Benderitter M, Guipaud O, Tamarat R. Protective Effect of Geranylgeranylacetone against Radiation-Induced Delayed Effects on Human Keratinocytes. Radiat Res 2013; 179:232-242. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2717.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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Induction of heat shock protein 70 ameliorates ultraviolet-induced photokeratitis in mice. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2175-89. [PMID: 23340653 PMCID: PMC3565371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14012175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ultraviolet (UV) B exposure causes photokeratitis and induces apoptosis in corneal cells. Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) is an acyclic polyisoprenoid that induces expression of heat shock protein (HSP)70, a soluble intracellular chaperone protein expressed in various tissues, protecting cells against stress conditions. We examined whether induction of HSP70 has therapeutic effects on UV-photokeratitis in mice. C57 BL/6 mice were divided into four groups, GGA-treated (500 mg/kg/mouse) and UVB-exposed (400 mJ/cm2), GGA-untreated UVB-exposed (400 mJ/cm2), GGA-treated (500 mg/kg/mouse) but not exposed and naive controls. Eyeballs were collected 24 h after irradiation, and corneas were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). HSP70, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and protein kinase B (Akt) expression were also evaluated. Irradiated corneal epithelium was significantly thicker in the eyes of mice treated with GGA compared with those given the vehicle alone (p < 0.01). Significantly fewer TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the eyes of GGA-treated mice than controls after irradiation (p < 0.01). Corneal HSP70 levels were significantly elevated in corneas of mice treated with GGA (p < 0.05). ROS signal was not affected by GGA. NF-κB activation was reduced but phospho-(Ser/Ther) Akt substrate expression was increased in corneas after irradiation when treated with GGA. GGA-treatment induced HSP70 expression and ameliorated UV-induced corneal damage through the reduced NF-κB activation and possibly increased Akt phosphorilation.
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Luo FC, Zhao L, Deng J, Liang M, Zeng XS, Liu H, Bai J. Geranylgeranylacetone protects against morphine-induced hepatic and renal damage in mice. Mol Med Rep 2012; 7:694-700. [PMID: 23229517 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute or chronic administration of opioid drugs may induce oxidative damage and cellular apoptosis in the liver and kidney, and hence result in hepatic and renal damage. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) are emerging as important modulators of cellular functions. They have been shown to be involved in cellular protective mechanisms against a variety of toxic stressors. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), a pharmacological inducer of Trx-1 and Hsp70, on morphine-induced hepatic and renal damage. Morphine induced apoptosis in the liver and kidney through the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway, but not the endoplasmic reticulum-mediated pathway. The activation of caspases-9 and -3 was attenuated by pre‑treatment with GGA. In addition, the morphine-induced increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was suppressed by GGA. Furthermore, GGA enhanced morphine-induced expression of Trx-1 and Hsp70 in the liver and kidney. The findings of this study suggest that GGA may be a safe and novel therapeutic agent for morphine‑induced hepatic and renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Cheng Luo
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
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