1
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Saad MI, Jenkins BJ. The protease ADAM17 at the crossroads of disease: revisiting its significance in inflammation, cancer, and beyond. FEBS J 2024; 291:10-24. [PMID: 37540030 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The protease A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) plays a central role in the pathophysiology of several diseases. ADAM17 is involved in the cleavage and shedding of at least 80 known membrane-tethered proteins, which subsequently modulate several intracellular signaling pathways, and therefore alter cell behavior. Dysregulated expression and/or activation of ADAM17 has been linked to a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge from preclinical models and clinical data on the diverse pathophysiological roles of ADAM17, and discuss the mechanisms underlying ADAM17-mediated protein shedding and the potential therapeutic implications of targeting ADAM17 in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Saad
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute (SAiGENCI), University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
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2
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Lazartigues E, Llorens-Cortes C, Danser AHJ. New Approaches Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin System: Inhibition of Brain Aminopeptidase A, ACE2 Ubiquitination, and Angiotensinogen. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1900-1912. [PMID: 37348757 PMCID: PMC10730775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of various therapeutic classes of antihypertensive drugs, hypertension remains poorly controlled, in part because of poor adherence. Hence, there is a need for the development of antihypertensive drugs acting on new targets to improve control of blood pressure. This review discusses novel insights (including the data of recent clinical trials) with regard to interference with the renin-angiotensin system, focusing on the enzymes aminopeptidase A and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the brain, as well as the substrate of renin- angiotensinogen-in the liver. It raises the possibility that centrally acting amino peptidase A inhibitors (eg, firibastat), preventing the conversion of angiotensin II to angiotensin III in the brain, might be particularly useful in African Americans and patients with obesity. Firibastat additionally upregulates brain ACE2, allowing the conversion of angiotensin II to its protective metabolite angiotensin-(1-7). Furthermore, antisense oligonucleotides or small interfering ribonucleic acids suppress hepatic angiotensinogen for weeks to months after 1 injection and thus could potentially overcome adherence issues. Finally, interference with ACE2 ubiquitination is emerging as a future option for the treatment of neurogenic hypertension, given that ubiquitination resistance might upregulate ACE2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lazartigues
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Catherine Llorens-Cortes
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; CEA, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Xi H, Li X, Zhou Y, Sun Y. The Regulatory Effect of the Paraventricular Nucleus on Hypertension. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 114:1-13. [PMID: 37598678 DOI: 10.1159/000533691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is among the most harmful factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and poses an urgent problem for the development of human society. In addition to previous studies on its pathogenesis focusing on the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, investigating the central causes of high blood pressure involving the neuroendocrine and neuroinflammatory mechanisms of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is paramount. This nucleus is considered to regulate the output of neurohormones and sympathetic nerve activity. In this article, we focussed on the neuroendocrine mechanism, primarily exploring the specific contributions and interactions of various neurons and neuroendocrine hormones, including GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, nitric oxide, arginine vasopressin, oxytocin, and the renin-angiotensin system. Additionally, the neuroinflammatory mechanism in the PVN was discussed, encompassing microglia, reactive oxygen species, inflammatory factors, and pathways, as well as immune connections between the brain and extracerebral organs. Notably, the two central mechanisms involved in the PVN not only exist independently but also communicate with each other, jointly maintaining the hypertensive state of the body. Furthermore, we introduce well-known molecules and signal transduction pathways within the PVN that can play a regulatory role in the two mechanisms to provide a basis and inspire ideas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Xi
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xingru Li
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yaojun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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4
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Oliveira KB, de Melo IS, da Silva BRM, Oliveira KLDS, Sabino-Silva R, Anhezini L, Katayama PL, Santos VR, Shetty AK, de Castro OW. SARS-CoV-2 and Hypertension: Evidence Supporting Invasion into the Brain Via Baroreflex Circuitry and the Role of Imbalanced Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System. Neurosci Insights 2023; 18:26331055231151926. [PMID: 36756280 PMCID: PMC9900164 DOI: 10.1177/26331055231151926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is considered one of the most critical risk factors for COVID-19. Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection produces intense effects on the cardiovascular system by weakening the wall of large vessels via vasa-vasorum. In this commentary, we propose that SARS-CoV-2 invades carotid and aortic baroreceptors, leading to infection of the nucleus tractus solitari (NTS) and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), and such dysregulation of NTS and PVN following infection causes blood pressure alteration at the central level. We additionally explored the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 favors the internalization of membrane ACE2 receptors generating an imbalance of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), increasing the activity of angiotensin II (ANG-II), disintegrin, and metalloproteinase 17 domain (ADAM17/TACE), eventually modulating the integration of afferents reaching the NTS from baroreceptors and promoting increased blood pressure. These mechanisms are related to the increased sympathetic activity, which leads to transient or permanent hypertension associated with SARS-CoV-2 invasion, contributing to the high number of deaths by cardiovascular implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellysson Bruno Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Institute of
Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió,
Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Igor Santana de Melo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of
Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió,
Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Bianca Rodrigues Melo da Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of
Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió,
Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Keylla Lavínia da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Institute of
Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió,
Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of
Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas
Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Anhezini
- Department of Histology, Institute of
Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas,
Brazil
| | - Pedro Lourenco Katayama
- Department of Physiology and Pathology,
Dentistry School of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Victor Rodrigues Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of
Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas
Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine,
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of
Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Olagide Wagner de Castro
- Department of Physiology, Institute of
Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió,
Alagoas, Brazil,Olagide Wagner de Castro, Institute of
Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av.
Lourival de Melo Mota, km 14, Campus A. C. Simões, Cidade Universitária, Maceió,
Alagoas CEP 57072-970, Brazil.
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5
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Ong WY, Satish RL, Herr DR. ACE2, Circumventricular Organs and the Hypothalamus, and COVID-19. Neuromolecular Med 2022; 24:363-373. [PMID: 35451691 PMCID: PMC9023728 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus gains entry to cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Since circumventricular organs and parts of the hypothalamus lack a blood-brain barrier, and immunohistochemical studies demonstrate that ACE2 is highly expressed in circumventricular organs which are intimately connected to the hypothalamus, and the hypothalamus itself, these might be easy entry points for SARS-CoV-2 into the brain via the circulation. High ACE2 protein expression is found in the subfornical organ, area postrema, and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). The subfornical organ and PVH are parts of a circuit to regulate osmolarity in the blood, through the secretion of anti-diuretic hormone into the posterior pituitary. The PVH is also the stress response centre in the brain. It controls not only pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons, but is also a source of corticotropin-releasing hormone, that induces the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the anterior pituitary. It is proposed that the function of ACE2 in the circumventricular organs and the PVH could be diminished by binding with SARS-CoV-2, thus leading to a reduction in the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor (MasR) signalling axis, that modulates ACE/Ang II/AT1R signalling. This could result in increased presympathetic activity/neuroendocrine secretion from the PVH, and effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Besides the bloodstream, the hypothalamus might also be affected by SARS-CoV-2 via transneuronal spread along the olfactory/limbic pathways. Exploring potential therapeutic pathways to prevent or attenuate neurological symptoms of COVID-19, including drugs which modulate ACE signalling, remains an important area of unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
- Neurobiology Research Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
| | - R L Satish
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
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6
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Yu Y, Xue B, Irfan NM, Beltz T, Weiss RM, Johnson AK, Felder RB, Wei SG. Reducing brain TACE activity improves neuroinflammation and cardiac function in heart failure rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1052304. [PMID: 36439267 PMCID: PMC9682140 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1052304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α converting enzyme (TACE) is a key metalloprotease mediating ectodomain shedding of a variety of inflammatory mediators, substrates, and growth factors. We previously reported that TACE-mediated production of TNF-α in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to sympathetic excitation in heart failure (HF). Here, we sought to determine whether central interventions in TACE activity attenuate neuroinflammation and improve cardiac function in heart failure. Myocardial infarction-induced HF or sham-operated (SHAM) rats were treated with bilateral paraventricular nucleus microinjection of a TACE siRNA or a 4-week intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of the TACE inhibitor TAPI-0. Compared with SHAM rats, scrambled siRNA-treated HF rats had higher TACE levels in the PVN along with increased mRNA levels of TNF-α, TNF-α receptor 1 and cyclooxygenase-2. The protein levels of TNF-α in cerebrospinal fluid and phosphorylated (p-) NF-κB p65 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1/2 in the PVN were also elevated in HF rats treated with scrambled siRNA. The expression of these inflammatory mediators and signaling molecules in the PVN of HF rats were significantly attenuated by TACE siRNA. Interestingly, the mRNA level of TNF-α receptor 2 in the PVN was increased in HF treated with TACE siRNA. Moreover, sympathetic excitation, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, pulmonary congestion, and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were reduced by PVN microinjection of TACE siRNA. A 4-week treatment with intracerebroventricular TAPI-0 had similar effects to ameliorate these variables in HF rats. These data indicate that interventions suppressing TACE activity in the brain mitigate neuroinflammation, sympathetic activation and cardiac dysfunction in HF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Baojian Xue
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Nafis Md Irfan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Terry Beltz
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Robert M Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Alan Kim Johnson
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Robert B Felder
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Shun-Guang Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
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7
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Bi Q, Wang C, Cheng G, Chen N, Wei B, Liu X, Li L, Lu C, He J, Weng Y, Yin C, Lin Y, Wan S, Zhao L, Xu J, Wang Y, Gu Y, Shen XZ, Shi P. Microglia-derived PDGFB promotes neuronal potassium currents to suppress basal sympathetic tonicity and limit hypertension. Immunity 2022; 55:1466-1482.e9. [PMID: 35863346 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies have addressed the regulatory circuits affecting neuronal activities, local non-synaptic mechanisms that determine neuronal excitability remain unclear. Here, we found that microglia prevented overactivation of pre-sympathetic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) at steady state. Microglia constitutively released platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B, which signaled via PDGFRα on neuronal cells and promoted their expression of Kv4.3, a key subunit that conducts potassium currents. Ablation of microglia, conditional deletion of microglial PDGFB, or suppression of neuronal PDGFRα expression in the PVN elevated the excitability of pre-sympathetic neurons and sympathetic outflow, resulting in a profound autonomic dysfunction. Disruption of the PDGFBMG-Kv4.3Neuron pathway predisposed mice to develop hypertension, whereas central supplementation of exogenous PDGFB suppressed pressor response when mice were under hypertensive insult. Our results point to a non-immune action of resident microglia in maintaining the balance of sympathetic outflow, which is important in preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Bi
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ningting Chen
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuancheng Weng
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chunyou Yin
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yunfan Lin
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Shu Wan
- Brain Center, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Xiao Z Shen
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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8
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Kadurin I, Dahimene S, Page KM, Ellaway JIJ, Chaggar K, Troeberg L, Nagase H, Dolphin AC. ADAM17 Mediates Proteolytic Maturation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Auxiliary α 2δ Subunits, and Enables Calcium Current Enhancement. FUNCTION 2022; 3:zqac013. [PMID: 35462614 PMCID: PMC9016415 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The auxiliary α2δ subunits of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels are key to augmenting expression and function of CaV1 and CaV2 channels, and are also important drug targets in several therapeutic areas, including neuropathic pain. The α2δ proteins are translated as preproteins encoding both α2 and δ, and post-translationally proteolyzed into α2 and δ subunits, which remain associated as a complex. In this study, we have identified ADAM17 as a key protease involved in proteolytic processing of pro-α2δ-1 and α2δ-3 subunits. We provide three lines of evidence: First, proteolytic cleavage is inhibited by chemical inhibitors of particular metalloproteases, including ADAM17. Second, proteolytic cleavage of both α2δ-1 and α2δ-3 is markedly reduced in cell lines by knockout of ADAM17 but not ADAM10. Third, proteolytic cleavage is reduced by the N-terminal active domain of TIMP-3 (N-TIMP-3), which selectively inhibits ADAM17. We have found previously that proteolytic cleavage into mature α2δ is essential for the enhancement of CaV function, and in agreement, knockout of ADAM17 inhibited the ability of α2δ-1 to enhance both CaV2.2 and CaV1.2 calcium currents. Finally, our data also indicate that the main site of proteolytic cleavage of α2δ-1 is the Golgi apparatus, although cleavage may also occur at the plasma membrane. Thus, our study identifies ADAM17 as a key protease required for proteolytic maturation of α2δ-1 and α2δ-3, and thus a potential drug target in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kadurin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shehrazade Dahimene
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Karen M Page
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joseph I J Ellaway
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kanchan Chaggar
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Annette C Dolphin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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9
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Wu H, Sun Q, Yuan S, Wang J, Li F, Gao H, Chen X, Yang R, Xu J. AT1 Receptors: Their Actions from Hypertension to Cognitive Impairment. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:311-325. [PMID: 35211833 PMCID: PMC8868040 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular disorders worldwide, affecting 1.13 billion people, or 14% of the global population. Hypertension is the single biggest risk factor for cerebrovascular dysfunction. According to the American Heart Association, high blood pressure (BP), especially in middle-aged individuals (~ 40 to 60 years old), is associated with an increased risk of dementia, later in life. Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular disease are the two leading causes of dementia, accounting for around 80% of the total cases and usually combining mixed pathologies from both. Little is known regarding how hypertension affects cognitive function, so the impact of its treatment on cognitive impairment has been difficult to assess. The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is essential for BP regulation and overactivity of this system has been established to precede the development and maintenance of hypertension. Angiotensin II (Ang-II), the main peptide within this system, induces vasoconstriction and impairs neuro-vascular coupling by acting on brain Ang-II type 1 receptors (AT1R). In this review, we systemically analyzed the association between RAS and biological mechanisms of cognitive impairment, from the perspective of AT1R located in the central nervous system. Additionally, the possible contribution of brain AT1R to global cognition decline in COVID-19 cases will be discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxue Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qi Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Shenglan Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Fanni Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hongli Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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10
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ADAM and ADAMTS disintegrin and metalloproteinases as major factors and molecular targets in vascular malfunction and disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 94:255-363. [PMID: 35659374 PMCID: PMC9231755 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) are two closely related families of proteolytic enzymes. ADAMs are largely membrane-bound enzymes that act as molecular scissors or sheddases of membrane-bound proteins, growth factors, cytokines, receptors and ligands, whereas ADAMTS are mainly secreted enzymes. ADAMs have a pro-domain, and a metalloproteinase, disintegrin, cysteine-rich and transmembrane domain. Similarly, ADAMTS family members have a pro-domain, and a metalloproteinase, disintegrin, and cysteine-rich domain, but instead of a transmembrane domain they have thrombospondin motifs. Most ADAMs and ADAMTS are activated by pro-protein convertases, and can be regulated by G-protein coupled receptor agonists, Ca2+ ionophores and protein kinase C. Activated ADAMs and ADAMTS participate in numerous vascular processes including angiogenesis, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, vascular cell apoptosis, cell survival, tissue repair, and wound healing. ADAMs and ADAMTS also play a role in vascular malfunction and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and vascular aneurysm. Decreased ADAMTS13 is involved in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and microangiopathies. The activity of ADAMs and ADAMTS can be regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and other synthetic small molecule inhibitors. ADAMs and ADAMTS can be used as diagnostic biomarkers and molecular targets in cardiovascular disease, and modulators of ADAMs and ADAMTS activity may provide potential new approaches for the management of cardiovascular disorders.
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Idebenone Decreases Aβ Pathology by Modulating RAGE/Caspase-3 Signaling and the Aβ Degradation Enzyme NEP in a Mouse Model of AD. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090938. [PMID: 34571815 PMCID: PMC8471964 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study reveals that the FDA-approved drug idebenone has therapeutic effects on the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in a mouse model. In particular, idebenone regulates pathological progression associated with Aβ by downregulating the non-amyloidogenic pathway, inhibiting RAGE/caspase-3 signaling, and enhancing Aβ catabolism. In addition, idebenone modulates tauopathy by reducing levels of the tau kinase p-GSK3β, thereby suppressing tau hyperphosphorylation at Thr231. These data suggest that idebenone modulates Aβ and tau pathology in a mouse model of AD. Abstract The coenzyme Q10 analogue idebenone is an FDA-approved antioxidant that can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The effects of idebenone on the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we examined the impact of idebenone treatment on AD pathology in 5xFAD mice, a model of AD. Idebenone significantly downregulated Aβ plaque number via multi-directional pathways in this model. Specifically, idebenone reduced the RAGE/caspase-3 signaling pathway and increased levels of the Aβ degradation enzyme NEP and α-secretase ADAM17 in 5xFAD mice. Importantly, idebenone significantly suppressed tau kinase p-GSK3βY216 levels, thereby inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation at Thr231 and total tau levels in 5xFAD mice. Taken together, the present study indicates that idebenone modulates amyloidopathy and tauopathy in 5xFAD mice, suggesting therapeutic potential for AD.
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12
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Epigenetic modifications of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiometabolic diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:127-142. [PMID: 33416084 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are among the most prevalent and the highest mortality diseases. Single disease etiology such as gene mutation, polymorphisms, or environmental exposure has failed to explain the origin of CMD. This can be evident in the discrepancies in disease susceptibility among individuals exposed to the same environmental insult or who acquire the same genetic variation. Epigenetics is the intertwining of genetic and environmental factors that results in diversity in the disease course, severity, and prognosis among individuals. Environmental exposures modify the epigenome and thus provide a link for translating environmental impact on changes in gene expression and precipitation to pathological conditions. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is comprising genes responsible for the regulation of cardiovascular, metabolic, and glycemic functions. Epigenetic modifications of RAS genes can lead to overactivity of the system, increased sympathetic activity and autonomic dysfunction ultimately contributing to the development of CMD. In this review, we describe the three common epigenetic modulations targeting RAS components and their impact on the susceptibility to cardiometabolic dysfunction. Additionally, we highlight the therapeutic efforts of targeting these epigenetic imprints to the RAS and its effects.
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13
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Torres H, Huesing C, Burk DH, Molinas AJR, Neuhuber WL, Berthoud HR, Münzberg H, Derbenev AV, Zsombok A. Sympathetic innervation of the mouse kidney and liver arising from prevertebral ganglia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R328-R337. [PMID: 34231420 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00079.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a crucial role in the regulation of renal and hepatic functions. Although sympathetic nerves to the kidney and liver have been identified in many species, specific details are lacking in the mouse. In the absence of detailed information of sympathetic prevertebral innervation of specific organs, selective manipulation of a specific function will remain challenging. Despite providing major postganglionic inputs to abdominal organs, limited data are available about the mouse celiac-superior mesenteric complex. We used tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DbH) reporter mice to visualize abdominal prevertebral ganglia. We found that both the TH and DbH reporter mice are useful models for identification of ganglia and nerve bundles. We further tested if the celiac-superior mesenteric complex provides differential inputs to the mouse kidney and liver. The retrograde viral tracer, pseudorabies virus (PRV)-152 was injected into the cortex of the left kidney or the main lobe of the liver to identify kidney-projecting and liver-projecting neurons in the celiac-superior mesenteric complex. iDISCO immunostaining and tissue clearing were used to visualize unprecedented anatomical detail of kidney-related and liver-related postganglionic neurons in the celiac-superior mesenteric complex and aorticorenal and suprarenal ganglia compared with TH-positive neurons. Kidney-projecting neurons were restricted to the suprarenal and aorticorenal ganglia, whereas only sparse labeling was observed in the celiac-superior mesenteric complex. In contrast, liver-projecting postganglionic neurons were observed in the celiac-superior mesenteric complex and aorticorenal and suprarenal ganglia, suggesting spatial separation between the sympathetic innervation of the mouse kidney and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Torres
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Clara Huesing
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - David H Burk
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Adrien J R Molinas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Heike Münzberg
- Neurobiology of Nutrition and Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Andrei V Derbenev
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Andrea Zsombok
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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14
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Implications of ADAM17 activation for hyperglycaemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228464. [PMID: 33904577 PMCID: PMC8128101 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus specifically on the role that the metalloproteinase, A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 17 [ADAM17] plays in the development and progression of the metabolic syndrome. There is a well-recognised link between the ADAM17 substrate tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and obesity, inflammation and diabetes. In addition, knocking out ADAM17 in mice leads to an extremely lean phenotype. Importantly, ADAM17-deficient mice exhibit one of the most pronounced examples of hypermetabolism in rodents to date. It is vital to further understand the mechanistic role that ADAM17 plays in the metabolic syndrome. Such studies will demonstrate that ADAM17 is a valuable therapeutic target to treat obesity and diabetes.
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15
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Brain angiotensin converting enzyme-2 in central cardiovascular regulation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2535-2547. [PMID: 33016313 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the regulation of autonomic and neuroendocrine functions, and maintains cardiovascular homeostasis. Ang-II is the major effector molecule of RAS and exerts most of its physiological functions, including blood pressure (BP) regulation, via activation of AT1 receptors. Dysregulation of brain RAS in the central nervous system results in increased Ang-II synthesis that leads to sympathetic outflow and hypertension. Brain angiotensin (Ang) converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) was discovered two decades ago as an RAS component, exhibiting a counter-regulatory role and opposing the adverse cardiovascular effects produced by Ang-II. Studies using synthetic compounds that can sustain the elevation of ACE2 activity or genetically overexpressed ACE2 in specific brain regions found various beneficial effects on cardiovascular function. More recently, ACE2 has been shown to play critical roles in neuro-inflammation, gut dysbiosis and the regulation of stress and anxiety-like behaviors. In the present review, we aim to highlight the anatomical locations and functional implication of brain ACE2 related to its BP regulation via modulation of the sympathetic nervous system and discuss the recent developments and future directions in the ACE2-mediated central cardiovascular regulation.
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16
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Souza LAC, Cooper SG, Worker CJ, Thakore P, Feng Earley Y. Use of chlorisondamine to assess the neurogenic contribution to blood pressure in mice: An evaluation of method. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14753. [PMID: 33587331 PMCID: PMC7883841 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorisondamine (CSD) has been used to assess the neurogenic contribution to blood pressure (BP) and vasomotor sympathetic tone in animal models. It is assumed that the reduction in BP following CSD administration is associated to decreases in cardiac output (CO) and peripheral resistance, reflecting cardiac and vasomotor sympathetic tone, respectively. Surprisingly, this has not been characterized experimentally in mice, despite the extensive use of this animal model in cardiovascular research. We hypothesize that a specific dose of CSD can selectively block the sympathetic vasomotor tone. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of different doses of CSD (intraperitoneal) on BP and heart rate (HR) using telemetry, and on CO using echocardiography. BP and HR in normotensive C57Bl/6J mice reduced to a similar extent by all CSD doses tested (1-6 mg/kg). CSD at 6 mg/kg also reduced CO without affecting left ventricular stroke volume or fractional shortening. On the other hand, lower doses of CSD (1 and 2 mg/kg) produced significantly larger BP and HR reductions in DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive mice, indicating a greater neurogenic BP response. In addition, all doses of CSD reduced CO in hypertensive mice. Our data suggest that the BP response to CSD in mice likely reflects reduced CO and vasomotor sympathetic tone. We conclude that CSD can be used to assess the neurogenic contribution to BP in mice but may not be appropriate for specifically estimating vasomotor sympathetic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas AC. Souza
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology & Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNVUSA
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular SystemUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNVUSA
| | - Silvana G. Cooper
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology & Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNVUSA
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular SystemUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNVUSA
| | - Caleb J. Worker
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology & Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNVUSA
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular SystemUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNVUSA
| | - Pratish Thakore
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology & Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNVUSA
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular SystemUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNVUSA
| | - Yumei Feng Earley
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology & Cell BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNVUSA
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular SystemUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNVUSA
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Parekh RU, Sriramula S. Activation of Kinin B1R Upregulates ADAM17 and Results in ACE2 Shedding in Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010145. [PMID: 33375653 PMCID: PMC7795389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a critical component of the compensatory axis of the renin angiotensin system. Alterations in ACE2 gene and protein expression, and activity mediated by A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), a member of the “A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease” (ADAM) family are implicated in several cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. We previously reported that activation of kinin B1 receptor (B1R) in the brain increases neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and sympathoexcitation, leading to the development of neurogenic hypertension. We also showed evidence for ADAM17-mediated ACE2 shedding in neurons. However, whether kinin B1 receptor (B1R) activation has any role in altering ADAM17 activity and its effect on ACE2 shedding in neurons is not known. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that activation of B1R upregulates ADAM17 and results in ACE2 shedding in neurons. To test this hypothesis, we stimulated wild-type and B1R gene-deleted mouse neonatal primary hypothalamic neuronal cultures with a B1R-specific agonist and measured the activities of ADAM17 and ACE2 in neurons. B1R stimulation significantly increased ADAM17 activity and decreased ACE2 activity in wild-type neurons, while pretreatment with a B1R-specific antagonist, R715, reversed these changes. Stimulation with specific B1R agonist Lys-Des-Arg9-Bradykinin (LDABK) did not show any effect on ADAM17 or ACE2 activities in neurons with B1R gene deletion. These data suggest that B1R activation results in ADAM17-mediated ACE2 shedding in primary hypothalamic neurons. In addition, stimulation with high concentration of glutamate significantly increased B1R gene and protein expression, along with increased ADAM17 and decreased ACE2 activities in wild-type neurons. Pretreatment with B1R-specific antagonist R715 reversed these glutamate-induced effects suggesting that indeed B1R is involved in glutamate-mediated upregulation of ADAM17 activity and ACE2 shedding.
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Singh P, Dutta SR, Song CY, Oh S, Gonzalez FJ, Malik KU. Brain Testosterone-CYP1B1 (Cytochrome P450 1B1) Generated Metabolite 6β-Hydroxytestosterone Promotes Neurogenic Hypertension and Inflammation. Hypertension 2020; 76:1006-1018. [PMID: 32755412 PMCID: PMC7418933 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Previously, we showed that peripheral administration of 6β-hydroxytestosterone, a CYP1B1 (cytochrome P450 1B1)-generated metabolite of testosterone, promotes angiotensin II-induced hypertension in male mice. However, the site of action and the underlying mechanism by which 6β-hydroxytestosterone contributes to angiotensin II-induced hypertension is not known. Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by its central action, and CYP1B1 is expressed in the brain. This study was conducted to determine whether testosterone-CYP1B1 generated metabolite 6β-hydroxytestosterone locally in the brain promotes the effect of systemic angiotensin II to produce hypertension in male mice. Central CYP1B1 knockdown in wild-type (Cyp1b1+/+) mice by intracerebroventricular-adenovirus-GFP (green fluorescence protein)-CYP1B1-short hairpin (sh)RNA attenuated, whereas reconstitution of CYP1B1 by adenovirus-GFP-CYP1B1-DNA in the paraventricular nucleus but not in subfornical organ in Cyp1b1−/− mice restored angiotensin II-induced increase in systolic blood pressure measured by tail-cuff. Intracerebroventricular-testosterone in orchidectomized (Orchi)-Cyp1b1+/+ but not in Orchi-Cyp1b1−/−, and intracerebroventricular-6β-hydroxytestosterone in the Orchi-Cyp1b1−/− mice restored the angiotensin II-induced: (1) increase in mean arterial pressure measured by radiotelemetry, and autonomic imbalance; (2) reactive oxygen species production in the subfornical organ and paraventricular nucleus; (3) activation of microglia and astrocyte, and neuroinflammation in the paraventricular nucleus. The effect of intracerebroventricular-6β-hydroxytestosterone to restore the angiotensin II-induced increase in mean arterial pressure and autonomic imbalance in Orchi-Cyp1b1−/− mice was inhibited by intracerebroventricular-small interfering (si)RNA-androgen receptor (AR) and GPRC6A (G protein-coupled receptor C6A). These data suggest that testosterone-CYP1B1-generated metabolite 6β-hydroxytestosterone, most likely in the paraventricular nucleus via AR and GPRC6A, contributes to angiotensin II-induced hypertension and neuroinflammation in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Singh
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (P.S., S.R.D., C.Y.S.)
| | - Shubha Ranjan Dutta
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (P.S., S.R.D., C.Y.S.)
| | - Chi Young Song
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (P.S., S.R.D., C.Y.S.)
| | | | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (F.J.G.)
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de Queiroz TM, Lakkappa N, Lazartigues E. ADAM17-Mediated Shedding of Inflammatory Cytokines in Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1154. [PMID: 32848763 PMCID: PMC7403492 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of Angiontesin-II (Ang-II), one of the key peptides of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and its binding to the Ang-II type 1 receptor (AT1R) during hypertension is a crucial mechanism leading to AD\AM17 activation. Among the reported membrane anchored proteins cleaved by ADAM17, immunological cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-6, FKN) are the major class of substrates, modulation of which triggers inflammation. The rise in ADAM17 levels has both central and peripheral implications in inflammation-mediated hypertension. This narrative review provides an overview of the role of ADAM17, with a special focus on its cellular regulation on neuronal and peripheral inflammation-mediated hypertension. Finally, it highlights the importance of ADAM17 with regards to the biology of inflammatory cytokines and their roles in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyago M. de Queiroz
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Navya Lakkappa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Eric Lazartigues
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, United States
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20
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Xue B, Zhang Y, Johnson AK. Interactions of the Brain Renin-Angiotensin-System (RAS) and Inflammation in the Sensitization of Hypertension. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:650. [PMID: 32760236 PMCID: PMC7373760 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that the renin-angiotensin (RAS) and immune systems interact with one another in the central nervous system (CNS) and that they are importantly involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Components comprising the classic RAS were first identified in the periphery, and subsequently, similar factors were found to be generated de novo in many different organs including the brain. There is humoral-neural coupling between the systemic and brain RASs, which is important for controlling sympathetic tone and the release of endocrine factors that collectively determine blood pressure (BP). Similar to the interactions between the systemic and brain RASs is the communication between the peripheral and brain immune systems. Systemic inflammation activates the brain’s immune response. Importantly, the RAS and inflammatory factors act synergistically in brain regions involved in the regulation of BP. This review presents evidence of how such interactions between the brain RAS and central immune mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Emphasis focuses on the role of these interactions to induce neuroplastic changes in a central neural network resulting in hypertensive response sensitization (HTRS). Neuroplasticity and HTRS can be induced by challenges (stressors) presented earlier in life such as a low-dose of angiotensin II or high fat diet (HFD) feeding in adults. Similarly, the offspring of mothers with gestational hypertension or of mothers ingesting a HFD during pregnancy are reprogrammed and manifest HTRS when exposed to new stressors as adults. Consideration of the actions and interactions of the brain RAS and inflammatory mediators in the context of the induction and expression of HTRS will provide insights into the etiology of high BP that may lead to new strategies for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Xue
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Alan Kim Johnson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,The François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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21
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Mukerjee S, Gao H, Xu J, Sato R, Zsombok A, Lazartigues E. ACE2 and ADAM17 Interaction Regulates the Activity of Presympathetic Neurons. Hypertension 2019; 74:1181-1191. [PMID: 31564162 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain renin angiotensin system within the paraventricular nucleus plays a critical role in balancing excitatory and inhibitory inputs to modulate sympathetic output and blood pressure regulation. We previously identified ACE2 and ADAM17 as a compensatory enzyme and a sheddase, respectively, involved in brain renin angiotensin system regulation. Here, we investigated the opposing contribution of ACE2 and ADAM17 to hypothalamic presympathetic activity and ultimately neurogenic hypertension. New mouse models were generated where ACE2 and ADAM17 were selectively knocked down from all neurons (AC-N) or Sim1 neurons (SAT), respectively. Neuronal ACE2 deletion revealed a reduction of inhibitory inputs to AC-N presympathetic neurons relevant to blood pressure regulation. Primary neuron cultures confirmed ACE2 expression on GABAergic neurons synapsing onto excitatory neurons within the hypothalamus but not on glutamatergic neurons. ADAM17 expression was shown to colocalize with angiotensin-II type 1 receptors on Sim1 neurons, and the pressor relevance of this neuronal population was demonstrated by photoactivation. Selective knockdown of ADAM17 was associated with a reduction of FosB gene expression, increased vagal tone, and prevented the acute pressor response to centrally administered angiotensin-II. Chronically, SAT mice exhibited a blunted blood pressure elevation and preserved ACE2 activity during development of salt-sensitive hypertension. Bicuculline injection in those models confirmed the supporting role of ACE2 on GABAergic tone to the paraventricular nucleus. Together, our study demonstrates the contrasting impact of ACE2 and ADAM17 on neuronal excitability of presympathetic neurons within the paraventricular nucleus and the consequences of this mutual regulation in the context of neurogenic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Mukerjee
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.M., J.X., E.L.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans.,Cardiovascular Center of Excellence (S.M., J.X., E.L.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans.,Neuroscience Center of Excellence (S.M., J.X., E.L.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine (H.G., R.S., A.Z.), Tulane University, New Orleans.,Brain Institute (H.G., A.Z.), Tulane University, New Orleans
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.M., J.X., E.L.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans.,Cardiovascular Center of Excellence (S.M., J.X., E.L.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans.,Neuroscience Center of Excellence (S.M., J.X., E.L.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans.,SouthEast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans (J.X., E.L.)
| | - Ryosuke Sato
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine (H.G., R.S., A.Z.), Tulane University, New Orleans
| | - Andrea Zsombok
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine (H.G., R.S., A.Z.), Tulane University, New Orleans.,Brain Institute (H.G., A.Z.), Tulane University, New Orleans
| | - Eric Lazartigues
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (S.M., J.X., E.L.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans.,Cardiovascular Center of Excellence (S.M., J.X., E.L.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans.,Neuroscience Center of Excellence (S.M., J.X., E.L.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans.,SouthEast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans (J.X., E.L.)
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