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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen S, Tian X, Xu Q, Xia X, Wu S, Liu F, Wang A. Cumulative remnant cholesterol burden increases the risk of cardiovascular disease among young adults. Ann Epidemiol 2024; 94:127-136. [PMID: 38735386 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that remnant cholesterol (RC) was associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) among middle-aged or older adults. However, lack of evidence on long-term exposures to RC and their role in CVD risk among young adults. We thus aimed to explore the association between cumulative RC burden and CVD in young adults. METHODS We enrolled participants younger than 45 years free of CVD history in the Kailuan Study who completed the first three health examinations from 2006 to 2010. Cumulative RC burden included cumulative RC burden score, time-weighted cumulative RC, exposure duration of high RC, and time course of RC accumulation. The outcome was the incidence of CVD. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between cumulative RC burden and CVD risk. RESULTS A total of 15,219 participants were included (73.70% male, median age 39.13 years). During a median follow-up duration of 8.71 years (interquartile range: 8.4-9.15 years), 502 individuals developed CVD. After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, highest risk of CVD was observed in participants with the highest cumulative RC burden score (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.29-2.12), the highest quartile time-weighted cumulative RC (HR,1.50; 95% CI, 1.15-1.96), the longest exposure duration of high RC (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.21-2.42), and those with cumulative RC burden and positive slope (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.35-2.36). CONCLUSIONS Cumulative RC burden increased the risk of CVD among young adults, suggesting that maintaining low RC levels throughout young adulthood may minimize CVD risk. KEY LEARNING POINTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Majiagou Hospital of Kailuan, Tangshan, China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
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Kario K, Tomitani N, Wang TD, Park S, Li Y, Shin J, Tsoi K, Chen CH, Cheng HM, Siddique S, Turana Y, Buranakitjaroen P, Van Huynh M, Nailes J, Sison J, Soenarta AA, Sogunuru GP, Sukonthasarn A, Tay JC, Teo BW, Verma N, Zhang Y, Schlaich M, Nagai M, Fujiwara T, Hoshide S, Chia YC, Wang JG. Home blood pressure-centered approach - from digital health to medical practice: HOPE Asia Network consensus statement 2023. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:2561-2574. [PMID: 37605071 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent innovations in digital technology have enabled the simultaneous accumulation, and the linking and analysis of time-series big data relating to several factors that influence blood pressure (BP), including biological indicators, physical activity, and environmental information. Various approaches can be used to monitor BP: in the office/clinic; at home; 24-h ambulatory recording; or with wearable and cuffless devices. Of these, home BP monitoring is a reliable and convenient method, and is recommended for hypertension management by current national and international guidelines. This recommendation is based on evidence showing that home BP is an important predictor of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and kidney disease in patients with hypertension. In addition, lifetime personalized health record (PHR)-based home BP with telemonitoring combined with co-interventions has been shown to lower BP more effectively than the traditional approach based on office BP. Thus, home BP represents a key metric for personalized anticipation medicine, from digital healthcare to digital medicine. This paper summarizes the latest evidence on home BP monitoring and proposes a Hypertension Cardiovascular Outcome Prevention and Evidence in Asia (HOPE Asia) Network consensus on a home BP-centered approach to the management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Naoko Tomitani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tzung-Dau Wang
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yan Li
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluations, Shanghai Key Lab of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinho Shin
- Faculty of Cardiology Service, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kelvin Tsoi
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chen-Huan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program of Interdisciplinary Medicine (PIM), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Faculty Development, Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuda Turana
- Department of Neurology. School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Peera Buranakitjaroen
- Division of Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Minh Van Huynh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Jennifer Nailes
- Department of Preventive and Community Medicine and Research Institute for Health Sciences, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center Inc., Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jorge Sison
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical Center Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Arieska Ann Soenarta
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia-National Cardiovascular Center, Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Guru Prasad Sogunuru
- Fortis Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- College of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Apichard Sukonthasarn
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jam Chin Tay
- Department of General Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Wee Teo
- Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Narsingh Verma
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Divisions of Hypertension and Heart Failure, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Markus Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit and Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michiaki Nagai
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Medicine and Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujiwara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hoshide
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yook-Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ji-Guang Wang
- Department of Hypertension, Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, the Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Wang J, Jiang C, Li S, Wang Z, Wang Y, Lai Y, Wang Z, Lv W, Bai Y, Yang Z, Guo Q, Huang L, He L, Guo X, Li S, Liu N, Jiang C, Tang R, Long D, Du X, Sang C, Dong J, Ma C. Systolic Blood Pressure Time in Target Range and Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Hypertension: Insights From the SPRINT Trial. Hypertension 2023; 80:2306-2314. [PMID: 37589154 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systolic blood pressure (SBP) time in target range (TTR) indicates the mean value, exposure time, and variability in blood pressure over time. The prognostic value of SBP TTR for incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with hypertension is unclear. METHODS We performed a post hoc analysis of SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial), a randomized controlled trial comparing intensive (<120 mm Hg) and standard (<140 mm Hg) SBP interventions in participants with hypertension. SBP target ranges for intensive and standard arms were defined as 110 to 130 and 120 to 140 mm Hg, respectively. TTR was calculated by linear interpolation method using SBP from months 0 to 3. We used Cox proportional regression models to assess the association of SBP TTR with incident AF. RESULTS Among 7939 participants included in this analysis, 187 incident AF cases occurred during follow-up. After multivariable adjustment, a 10% increase in SBP TTR was independently associated with a 7% lower risk of incident AF (hazard ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88-0.97]; P=0.003). The restricted spline curve depicted a linear and inverse relationship between SBP TTR and incident AF. Sensitivity analyses generated consistent results when calculating TTR over a longer period or setting target range as 110 to 140 mm Hg for the whole population. CONCLUSIONS Higher SBP TTR independently predicts a lower risk of incident AF. Efforts to attain SBP within 110 to 140 mm Hg over time may be an effective strategy to prevent AF. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT01206062.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Sitong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Yiwei Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Wenhe Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Yu Bai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China (Y.B.)
| | - Zejun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Lihong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Liu He
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Xueyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Songnan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Chenxi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Ribo Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Deyong Long
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
- Heart Health Research Center, Beijing, China (X.D.)
| | - Caihua Sang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China (J.D.)
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (J.W., Chao Jiang, Sitong Li, Zhiyan Wang, Y.W., Y.L., Zhen Wang, W.L., Z.Y., Q.G., L. Huang, L. He, X.G., Songnan Li, N.L., Chenxi Jiang, R.T., D.L., X.D., C.S., J.D., C.M.)
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