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Martinez TE, Mayilsamy K, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S. Modulation of Paracellular Permeability in SARS-CoV-2 Blood-to-Brain Transcytosis. Viruses 2024; 16:785. [PMID: 38793666 PMCID: PMC11126142 DOI: 10.3390/v16050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects the lungs via the ACE2 receptor but also other organs including the kidneys, the gastrointestinal tract, the heart, and the skin. SARS-CoV-2 also infects the brain, but the hematogenous route of viral entry to the brain is still not fully characterized. Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 traverses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as well as how it affects the molecular functions of the BBB are unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of the receptors ACE2 and DPP4 in the SARS-CoV-2 infection of the discrete cellular components of a transwell BBB model comprising HUVECs, astrocytes, and pericytes. Our results demonstrate that direct infection on the BBB model does not modulate paracellular permeability. Also, our results show that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes clathrin and caveolin-mediated endocytosis to traverse the BBB, resulting in the direct infection of the brain side of the BBB model with a minimal endothelial infection. In conclusion, the BBB is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple ways, including the direct infection of endothelium, astrocytes, and pericytes involving ACE2 and/or DPP4 and the blood-to-brain transcytosis, which is an event that does not require the presence of host receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Martinez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Karthick Mayilsamy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Bruschettini M, Badura A, Romantsik O. Stem cell-based interventions for the treatment of stroke in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 11:CD015582. [PMID: 37994736 PMCID: PMC10666199 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015582.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal stroke refers to a diverse but specific group of cerebrovascular diseases that occur between 20 weeks of fetal life and 28 days of postnatal life. Acute treatment options for perinatal stroke are limited supportive care, such as controlling hypoglycemia and seizures. Stem cell-based therapies offer a potential therapeutic approach to repair, restore, or regenerate injured brain tissue. Preclinical findings have culminated in ongoing human neonatal studies. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefits and harms of stem cell-based interventions for the treatment of stroke in newborn infants compared to control (placebo or no treatment) or stem-cell based interventions of a different type or source. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, and three trials registries in February 2023. We planned to search the reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews for studies not identified by the database searches. SELECTION CRITERIA We attempted to include randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized controlled trials, and cluster trials that evaluated any of the following comparisons. • Stem cell-based interventions (any type) versus control (placebo or no treatment) • Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) of a specifictype (e.g. number of doses or passages) or source (e.g. autologous/allogeneic or bone marrow/cord) versus MSCs of another type or source • Stem cell-based interventions (other than MSCs) of a specific type (e.g. mononuclear cells, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, neural stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells) or source (e.g. autologous/allogeneic or bone marrow/cord) versus stem cell-based interventions (other than MSCs) of another type or source • MSCs versus stem cell-based interventions other than MSCs We planned to include all types of transplantation regardless of cell source (bone marrow, cord blood, Wharton's jelly, placenta, adipose tissue, peripheral blood), type of graft (autologous or allogeneic), and dose. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were all-cause neonatal mortality, major neurodevelopmental disability, and immune rejection or any serious adverse event. Our secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality prior to first hospital discharge, seizures, adverse effects, and death or major neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 24 months of age. We planned to use GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS We identified no completed or ongoing randomized trials that met our inclusion criteria. We excluded three studies: two were phase 1 trials, and one included newborn infants with conditions other than stroke (i.e. cerebral ischemia and anemia). Among the three excluded studies, we identified the first phase 1 trial on the use of stem cells for neonatal stroke. It reported that a single intranasal application of bone marrow-derived MSCs in term neonates with a diagnosis of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) was feasible and apparently not associated with severe adverse events. However, the trial included only 10 infants, and follow-up was limited to three months. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS No evidence is currently available to evaluate the benefits and harms of stem cell-based interventions for treatment of stroke in newborn infants. We identified no ongoing studies. Future clinical trials should focus on standardizing the timing and method of cell delivery and cell processing to optimize the therapeutic potential of stem cell-based interventions and safety profiles. Phase 1 and large animal studies might provide the groundwork for future randomized trials. Outcome measures should include all-cause mortality, major neurodevelopmental disability and immune rejection, and any other serious adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bruschettini
- Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Cochrane Sweden, Department of Research and Education, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Badura
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Regensburg, Hospital St Hedwig of the Order of St John, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olga Romantsik
- Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Bruschettini M, Badura A, Romantsik O. Stem cell‐based interventions for the treatment of stroke in newborn infants. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2023; 2023:CD015582. [PMCID: PMC9933426 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the benefits and harms of stem cell‐based interventions for the treatment of stroke in newborn infants compared to control (placebo or no treatment) or stem‐cell based interventions of a different type or source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Bruschettini
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, PaediatricsLund University, Skåne University HospitalLundSweden,Cochrane SwedenLund University, Skåne University HospitalLundSweden
| | | | - Olga Romantsik
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, PaediatricsLund University, Skåne University HospitalLundSweden
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Grimaldi B, Kohan-Ghadr HR, Drewlo S. The Potential for Placental Activation of PPARγ to Improve the Angiogenic Profile in Preeclampsia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213514. [PMID: 36359910 PMCID: PMC9659243 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most common causes of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality world-wide. While the underlying causes of PE remain elusive, aberrant trophoblast differentiation and function are thought to cause an imbalance of secreted angiogenic proteins resulting in systemic endothelial dysfunction and organ damage in the mother. The placental dysfunction is also characterized by a reduction of the transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) which normally promotes trophoblast differentiation and healthy placental function. This study aimed to understand how placental activation of PPARγ effects the secretion of angiogenic proteins and subsequently endothelial function. To study this, healthy and PE placental tissues were cultured with or without the PPARγ agonist, Rosiglitazone, and a Luminex assay was performed to measure secreted proteins from the placenta. To assess the angiogenic effects of placental activation of PPARγ, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with the placental conditioned media and the net angiogenic potential of these cells was measured by a tube formation assay. This is the first study to show PPARγ's beneficial effect on the angiogenic profile in the human preeclamptic placenta through the reduction of anti-angiogenic angiopoietin-2 and soluble endoglin and the upregulation of pro-angiogenic placental growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, and follistatin. The changes in the angiogenic profile were supported by the increased angiogenic potential observed in the HUVECs when cultured with conditioned media from rosiglitazone-treated preeclamptic placentas. The restoration of these disrupted pathways by activation of PPARγ in the preeclamptic placenta offers potential to improve placental and endothelial function in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Grimaldi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Sascha Drewlo
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1E2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Characterization in Inhibitory Effectiveness of Carbamazepine in Voltage-Gated Na + and Erg-Mediated K + Currents in a Mouse Neural Crest-Derived (Neuro-2a) Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147892. [PMID: 35887240 PMCID: PMC9321339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ, Tegretol®) is an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain; however, several unwanted effects of this drug have been noticed. Therefore, the regulatory actions of CBZ on ionic currents in electrically excitable cells need to be reappraised, although its efficacy in suppressing voltage-gated Na+ current (INa) has been disclosed. This study was undertaken to explore the modifications produced by CBZ on ionic currents (e.g., INa and erg-mediated K+ current [IK(erg)]) measured from Neuro-2a (N2a) cells. In these cells, we found that this drug differentially suppressed the peak (transient, INa(T)) and sustained (late, INa(L)) components of INa in a concentration-dependent manner with effective IC50 of 56 and 18 μM, respectively. The overall current–voltage relationship of INa(T) with or without the addition of CBZ remained unchanged; however, the strength (i.e., ∆area) in the window component of INa (INa(W)) evoked by the short ascending ramp pulse (Vramp) was overly lessened in the CBZ presence. Tefluthrin (Tef), a synthetic pyrethroid, known to stimulate INa, augmented the strength of the voltage-dependent hysteresis (Hys(V)) of persistent INa (INa(P)) in response to the isosceles-triangular Vramp; moreover, further application of CBZ attenuated Tef-mediated accentuation of INa(P)’s Hys(V). With a two-step voltage protocol, the recovery of INa(T) inactivation seen in Neuro-2a cells became progressively slowed by adding CBZ; however, the cumulative inhibition of INa(T) evoked by pulse train stimulation was enhanced during exposure to this drug. Neuro-2a-cell exposure to CBZ (100 μM), the magnitude of erg-mediated K+ current measured throughout the entire voltage-clamp steps applied was mildly inhibited. The docking results regarding the interaction of CBZ and voltage-gate Na+ (NaV) channel predicted the ability of CBZ to bind to some amino-acid residues in NaV due to the existence of a hydrogen bond or hydrophobic contact. It is conceivable from the current investigations that the INa (INa(T), INa(L), INa(W), and INa(P)) residing in Neuro-2a cells are susceptible to being suppressed by CBZ, and that its block on INa(L) is larger than that on INa(T). Collectively, the magnitude and gating of NaV channels produced by the CBZ presence might have an impact on its anticonvulsant and analgesic effects occurring in vivo.
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Liver Acinus Dynamic Chip for Assessment of Drug-Induced Zonal Hepatotoxicity. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070445. [PMID: 35884248 PMCID: PMC9312795 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zonation along the liver acinus is considered a key feature of liver physiology. Here, we developed a liver acinus dynamic (LADY) chip that recapitulates a key functional structure of the liver acinus and hepatic zonation. Corresponding to the blood flow from portal triads to the central vein in vivo, gradual flow of oxygen and glucose–carrying culture medium into the HepG2 cell chamber of the LADY chip generated zonal protein expression patterns in periportal (PP) zone 1 and perivenous (PV) zone 3. Higher levels of albumin secretion and urea production were obtained in a HepG2/HUVECs co-culture LADY chip than in HepG2 mono-culture one. Zonal expression of PEPCK as a PP marker and CYP2E1 as a PV marker was successfully generated. Cell death rate of the PV cells was higher than that of the PP cells since zonal factors responsible for metabolic activation of acetaminophen (APAP) were highly expressed in the PV region. We also found the co-culture enhanced metabolic capacity to process APAP, thus improving resistance to APAP toxicity, in comparison with HepG2 mono-culture. These results indicate that our LADY chip successfully represents liver zonation and could be useful in drug development studies as a drug-induced zonal hepatotoxicity testing platform.
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Inhibitory Effectiveness in Delayed-Rectifier Potassium Current Caused by Vortioxetine, Known to Be a Novel Antidepressant. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061318. [PMID: 35740340 PMCID: PMC9220334 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vortioxetine (VOR) is recognized to exert antidepressant actions. However, whether this drug modifies ionic currents in excitable cells remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the electrophysiological effects of VOR and other related compounds in pituitary GH3 cells and in Neuro-2a cells. VOR suppressed the delayed-rectifier K+ current (IK(DR)) in a concentration-, time-, and state-dependent manner. Effective IC50 values needed to inhibit peak and sustained IK(DR) were computed to be 31.2 and 8.5 μM, respectively, while the KD value estimated from minimal binding scheme was 7.9 μM. Cell exposure to serotonin (10 μM) alone failed to alter IK(DR), while fluoxetine (10 μM), a compound structurally similar to VOR, mildly suppressed current amplitude. In continued presence of VOR, neither further addition of propranolol nor risperidone reversed VOR-mediated inhibition of IK(DR). Increasing VOR concentration not only depressed IK(DR) conductance but also shifted toward the hyperpolarized potential. As the VOR concentration was raised, the recovery of IK(DR) block became slowed. The IK(DR) activated by a downsloping ramp was suppressed by its presence. The inhibition of IK(DR) by a train pulse was enhanced during exposure to VOR. In Neuro-2a cells, this drug decreased IK(DR). Overall, inhibitory effects of VOR on ionic currents might constitute another underlying mechanism of its actions.
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In Vitro Neuroprotective Effect of the Bovine Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Conditioned Medium Mediated by Downregulation of IL-1β, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 Expression. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020048. [PMID: 35202301 PMCID: PMC8878894 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and conditioned medium (CM) derived from human umbilical blood cord stem cells (HUBSC) are now being extensively utilized. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have the same ability as HUBSC as an option for autologous therapy. In addition, cell therapy using HUVECs may produce protective signals for cerebral vessels and promote neuronal survival after hypoxic–ischemic damage. HUVECs have the same anatomical and physiological structure as bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (BUVECs). In this study, we aim to determine the ability of BUVEC-CM to reduce inflammation and apoptosis on in vitro neurodegeneration models (PC12 and SH-SY5Y cell lines). BUVEC-CM obtained from the third and fourth passages were analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), while the other part was used as a treatment for in vitro model neurodegeneration. The PC12 and SH-SY5Y cell lines were cultured and grouped into seven different treatments, including untreated cells. As the treatment group, cells were given TMT 10 µM in the presence of different doses of CM (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%); as a control comparison of recent therapy, donepezil was used. In addition, cells with the administration of TMT 10 µM were run as a positive control. Cell viability assay (CCK-8) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to identify the viability and expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), caspase-3, and caspase-9 for both PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells. The results showed that BUVEC-CM could significantly reduce IL-1β expression and downregulate caspase-3 and caspase-9, as well as when compared to the donepezil group. Taken together, these results indicate that BUVEC-CM can be used as a potential candidate for neuroprotective agents by reducing the activity of IL-1β and the expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells induced by TMT. However, further research still needs to be conducted.
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Lu J, Wang X, Wu A, Cao Y, Dai X, Liang Y, Li X. Ginsenosides in central nervous system diseases: Pharmacological actions, mechanisms, and therapeutics. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1523-1544. [PMID: 35084783 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is one of the most complex physiological systems, and central nervous system diseases (CNSDs) are serious diseases that affect human health. Ginseng (Panax L.), the root of Panax species, are famous Chinese herbs that have been used for various diseases in China, Japan, and Korea since ancient times, and remain a popular natural medicine used worldwide in modern times. Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng, and increasing evidence has demonstrated that ginsenosides can prevent CNSDs, including neurodegenerative diseases, memory and cognitive impairment, cerebral ischemia injury, depression, brain glioma, multiple sclerosis, which has been confirmed in numerous studies. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential pathways by which ginsenosides affect the pathogenesis of CNSDs mainly including antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-apoptotic effects, and nerve protection, which provides novel ideas for the treatment of CNSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Anxin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Youdan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Lengel D, Sevilla C, Romm ZL, Huh JW, Raghupathi R. Stem Cell Therapy for Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:601286. [PMID: 33343501 PMCID: PMC7738475 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.601286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in the potential of stem cell transplantation as therapy for pediatric brain injuries. Studies in pre-clinical models of pediatric brain injury such as Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) have contributed to our understanding of the roles of endogenous stem cells in repair processes and functional recovery following brain injury, and the effects of exogenous stem cell transplantation on recovery from brain injury. Although only a handful of studies have evaluated these effects in models of pediatric TBI, many studies have evaluated stem cell transplantation therapy in models of neonatal HI which has a considerable overlap of injury pathology with pediatric TBI. In this review, we have summarized data on the effects of stem cell treatments on histopathological and functional outcomes in models of pediatric brain injury. Importantly, we have outlined evidence supporting the potential for stem cell transplantation to mitigate pathology of pediatric TBI including neuroinflammation and white matter injury, and challenges that will need to be addressed to incorporate these therapies to improve functional outcomes following pediatric TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Lengel
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cruz Sevilla
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zoe L Romm
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jimmy W Huh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ramesh Raghupathi
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Robert J, Weilinger NL, Cao LP, Cataldi S, Button EB, Stukas S, Martin EM, Seibler P, Gilmour M, Caffrey TM, Rowe EM, Fan J, MacVicar B, Farrer MJ, Wellington CL. An in vitro bioengineered model of the human arterial neurovascular unit to study neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:70. [PMID: 33213497 PMCID: PMC7678181 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neurovascular unit (NVU) - the interaction between the neurons and the cerebrovasculature - is increasingly important to interrogate through human-based experimental models. Although advanced models of cerebral capillaries have been developed in the last decade, there is currently no in vitro 3-dimensional (3D) perfusible model of the human cortical arterial NVU. METHOD We used a tissue-engineering technique to develop a scaffold-directed, perfusible, 3D human NVU that is cultured in native-like flow conditions that mimics the anatomy and physiology of cortical penetrating arteries. RESULTS This system, composed of primary human vascular cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and astrocytes) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived neurons, demonstrates a physiological multilayer organization of the involved cell types. It reproduces key characteristics of cortical neurons and astrocytes and enables formation of a selective and functional endothelial barrier. We provide proof-of-principle data showing that this in vitro human arterial NVU may be suitable to study neurovascular components of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), as endogenously produced phosphorylated tau and beta-amyloid accumulate in the model over time. Finally, neuronal and glial fluid biomarkers relevant to neurodegenerative diseases are measurable in our arterial NVU model. CONCLUSION This model is a suitable research tool to investigate arterial NVU functions in healthy and disease states. Further, the design of the platform allows culture under native-like flow conditions for extended periods of time and yields sufficient tissue and media for downstream immunohistochemistry and biochemistry analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Robert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University hospital Zurich, 8000 Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas L. Weilinger
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Li-Ping Cao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Stefano Cataldi
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Emily B. Button
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Sophie Stukas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Emma M. Martin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Megan Gilmour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Tara M. Caffrey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Elyn M. Rowe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Jianjia Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Brian MacVicar
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Matthew J. Farrer
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics & Neuroscience, McKnight and Fixel Institutes, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610 USA
| | - Cheryl L. Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9 Canada
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Bruschettini M, Romantsik O, Moreira A, Ley D, Thébaud B. Stem cell-based interventions for the prevention of morbidity and mortality following hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 8:CD013202. [PMID: 32813884 PMCID: PMC7438027 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013202.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of mortality and long-term neurological sequelae, affecting thousands of children worldwide. Current therapies to treat HIE are limited to cooling. Stem cell-based therapies offer a potential therapeutic approach to repair or regenerate injured brain tissue. These preclinical findings have now culminated in ongoing human neonatal trials. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and safety of stem cell-based interventions for the treatment of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborn infants. SEARCH METHODS We used the standard search strategy of Cochrane Neonatal to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2020, Issue 5), MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to 8 June 2020), Embase (1980 to 8 June 2020), and CINAHL (1982 to 8 June 2020). We also searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials, quasi-randomised controlled trials and cluster trials comparing 1) stem cell-based interventions (any type) compared to control (placebo or no treatment); 2) use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) of type (e.g. number of doses or passages) or source (e.g. autologous versus allogeneic, or bone marrow versus cord) versus MSCs of other type or source; 3) use of stem cell-based interventions other than MSCs of type (e.g. mononuclear cells, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, neural stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and inducible pluripotent stem cells) or source (e.g. autologous versus allogeneic, or bone marrow versus cord) versus stem cell-based interventions other than MSCs of other type or source; or 4) MSCs versus stem cell-based interventions other than MSCs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS For each of the included trials, two authors independently planned to extract data (e.g. number of participants, birth weight, gestational age, type and source of MSCs or other stem cell-based interventions) and assess the risk of bias (e.g. adequacy of randomisation, blinding, completeness of follow-up). The primary outcomes considered in this review are all-cause neonatal mortality, major neurodevelopmental disability, death or major neurodevelopmental disability assessed at 18 to 24 months of age. We planned to use the GRADE approach to assess the quality of evidence. MAIN RESULTS Our search strategy yielded 616 references. Two review authors independently assessed all references for inclusion. We did not find any completed studies for inclusion. Fifteen RCTs are currently registered and ongoing. We describe the three studies we excluded. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is currently no evidence from randomised trials that assesses the benefit or harms of stem cell-based interventions for the prevention of morbidity and mortality following hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bruschettini
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Cochrane Sweden, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olga Romantsik
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alvaro Moreira
- Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - David Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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13
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DISDIER C, STONESTREET BS. Hypoxic-ischemic-related cerebrovascular changes and potential therapeutic strategies in the neonatal brain. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1468-1484. [PMID: 32060970 PMCID: PMC7242133 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI)-related brain injury is an important cause of morbidity and long-standing disability in newborns. The only currently approved therapeutic strategy available to reduce brain injury in the newborn is hypothermia. Therapeutic hypothermia can only be used to treat HI encephalopathy in full-term infants and survivors remain at high risk for a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental abnormalities as a result of residual brain injury. Therefore, there is an urgent need for adjunctive therapeutic strategies. Inflammation and neurovascular damage are important factors that contribute to the pathophysiology of HI-related brain injury and represent exciting potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we address the role of each component of the neurovascular unit (NVU) in the pathophysiology of HI-related injury in the neonatal brain. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) observed in the early hours after an HI-related event is associated with a response at the basal lamina level, which comprises astrocytes, pericytes, and immune cells, all of which could affect BBB function to further exacerbate parenchymal injury. Future research is required to determine potential drugs that could prevent or attenuate neurovascular damage and/or augment repair. However, some studies have reported beneficial effects of hypothermia, erythropoietin, stem cell therapy, anti-cytokine therapy and metformin in ameliorating several different facets of damage to the NVU after HI-related brain injury in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence DISDIER
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Barbara S STONESTREET
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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14
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Robert J, Button EB, Martin EM, McAlary L, Gidden Z, Gilmour M, Boyce G, Caffrey TM, Agbay A, Clark A, Silverman JM, Cashman NR, Wellington CL. Cerebrovascular amyloid Angiopathy in bioengineered vessels is reduced by high-density lipoprotein particles enriched in Apolipoprotein E. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:23. [PMID: 32213187 PMCID: PMC7093966 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several lines of evidence suggest that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) reduces Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk by decreasing vascular beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and inflammation, however, the mechanisms by which HDL improve cerebrovascular functions relevant to AD remain poorly understood. Methods Here we use a human bioengineered model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) to define several mechanisms by which HDL reduces Aβ deposition within the vasculature and attenuates endothelial inflammation as measured by monocyte binding. Results We demonstrate that HDL reduces vascular Aβ accumulation independently of its principal binding protein, scavenger receptor (SR)-BI, in contrast to the SR-BI-dependent mechanism by which HDL prevents Aβ-induced vascular inflammation. We describe multiple novel mechanisms by which HDL acts to reduce CAA, namely: i) altering Aβ binding to collagen-I, ii) forming a complex with Aβ that maintains its solubility, iii) lowering collagen-I protein levels produced by smooth-muscle cells (SMC), and iv) attenuating Aβ uptake into SMC that associates with reduced low density lipoprotein related protein 1 (LRP1) levels. Furthermore, we show that HDL particles enriched in apolipoprotein (apo)E appear to be the major drivers of these effects, providing new insights into the peripheral role of apoE in AD, in particular, the fraction of HDL that contains apoE. Conclusion The findings in this study identify new mechanisms by which circulating HDL, particularly HDL particles enriched in apoE, may provide vascular resilience to Aβ and shed new light on a potential role of peripherally-acting apoE in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Robert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Present address: Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8000, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Emily B Button
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Emma M Martin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Luke McAlary
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zoe Gidden
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Megan Gilmour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Guilaine Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tara M Caffrey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Andrew Agbay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Amanda Clark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Judith M Silverman
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Neil R Cashman
- Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada
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15
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Torres-Cuevas I, Corral-Debrinski M, Gressens P. Brain oxidative damage in murine models of neonatal hypoxia/ischemia and reoxygenation. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:3-15. [PMID: 31226400 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The brain is one of the main organs affected by hypoxia and reoxygenation in the neonatal period and one of the most vulnerable to oxidative stress. Hypoxia/ischemia and reoxygenation leads to impairment of neurogenesis, disruption of cortical migration, mitochondrial damage and neuroinflammation. The extent of the injury depends on the clinical manifestation in the affected regions. Preterm newborns are highly vulnerable, and they exhibit severe clinical manifestations such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and diffuse white matter injury (DWMI) among others. In the neonatal period, the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species exacerbated by the immature antioxidant defense systems in represents cellular threats that, if they exceed or bypass physiological counteracting mechanisms, are responsible of significant neuronal damage. Several experimental models in mice mimic the consequences of perinatal asphyxia and the use of oxygen in the reanimation process that produce brain injury. The aim of this review is to highlight brain damage associated with oxidative stress in different murine models of hypoxia/ischemia and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pierre Gressens
- INSERM UMR1141, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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16
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Du K, Zhao C, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang KZ, Shen XY, Sun HX, Gao W, Lu X. MiR-191 inhibit angiogenesis after acute ischemic stroke targeting VEZF1. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:2762-2786. [PMID: 31064890 PMCID: PMC6535071 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major public health problem in China. Impaired angiogenesis plays crucial roles in the development of ischemic cerebral injury. Recent studies have identified that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of angiogenesis, but little is known the exact effects of angiogenesis-associated miRNAs in AIS. In the present study, we detected the expression levels of angiogenesis-associated miRNAs in AIS patients, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats, and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). MiR-191 was increased in the plasma of AIS patients, OGD/R HUVECs, and the plasma and brain of MCAO rats. Over-expression of miR-191 promoted apoptosis, but reduced the proliferation, migration, tube-forming and spheroid sprouting activity in HUVECs OGD/R model. Mechanically, vascular endothelial zinc finger 1 (VEZF1) was identified as the direct target of miR-191, and could be regulated by miR-191 at post-translational level. In vivo studies applying miR-191 antagomir demonstrated that inhibition of miR-191 reduced infarction volume in MCAO rats. In conclusion, our data reveal a novel role of miR-191 in promoting ischemic brain injury through inhibiting angiogenesis via targeting VEZF1. Therefore, miR-191 may serve as a biomarker or a therapeutic target for AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Du
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Can Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kang-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi-Yu Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-Xian Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
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17
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Pleiotrophin: Analysis of the endothelialisation potential. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:144-151. [PMID: 30660899 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endothelialisation of vascular substitutes, in fact, remains one of the most unsolved problems in cardiovascular diseases treatment. Stromal Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) has been largely investigated as an endothelialisation promoter and Pleiotrophin is a promising alternative. Although it has been known to exert beneficial effects on different cell types, its potential as an inducer of proliferation and migration of endothelial cells was not investigated. Therefore, this work is aimed to compare the effects of Pleiotrophin on proliferation and migration of endothelial cells with respect to SDF-1. MATERIALS/METHODS Endothelial cell line EA.hy926 was treated with Pleiotrophin (50 ng/ml) or SDF-1 (50 ng/ml). Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay and migration assays were performed in Transwell chambers. Wound healing potential was evaluated by scratch wound assay. CXCR4, RPTP β/ζ, PCNA and Rac1 expression was detected by Western Blot. RESULTS Interestingly, Pleiotrophin significantly increased the viability of the treated endothelial cells with respects to SDF-1. The migratory ability of the endothelial cells was also improved in the presence of Pleiotrophin with reference to the SDF-1 treatment. Moreover, Western Blot analysis showed how the treatment with Pleiotrophin can induce an increase in the expression of RPTP β/ζ, PCNA and Rac1 compared to SDF-1. CONCLUSION Due to the significant effects exerted on viability, migration and repair ability of endothelial cells compared to SDF-1, Pleiotrophin can be considered as an interesting molecule to promote re-endothelialisation.
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18
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Effects of human umbilical cord blood CD34 + cell transplantation in neonatal hypoxic-ischemia rat model. Brain Dev 2019; 41:173-181. [PMID: 30177297 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury can cause death in the neonatal period and lifelong neurodevelopmental deficits. Stem cell transplantation had been proved to be effective approach to ameliorate neurological deficits after brain damage. In this study we examine the effect of human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells on model of neonatal rat hypoxic-ischemic brain damage and compared the neuroprotection of transplantation of CD34+ cells to mononuclear cells from which CD34+ cells isolated on neonatal hypoxic-ischemia rat model. Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury, CD34+ cells (1.5 × 104 cells) or mononuclear cells (1.0 × 106 cells) were transplanted into mice by tail vein on the 7 day after HI. The transplantation of CD34+ cells significantly improved motor function of rat, and reduced cerebral atrophy, inhibited the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and apoptosis-related genes: TNF-α, TNFR1, TNFR2, CD40, Fas, and decreased the activation of Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in damaged brain. CD34+ cells treatment increased the expression of DCX and lectin in ipsilateral brain. Moreover, the transplantation of CD34+ cells and MNCs which were obtained from the same amount of human umbilical cord blood had similar effects on HI. Our data demonstrated that transplantation of human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells can ameliorate the neural functional defect and reduce apoptosis and promote nerve and vascular regeneration in rat brain after HI injury and the effects of transplantation of CD34+ cells were comparable to that of MNCs in neonatal hypoxic-ischemia rat model.
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19
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Bruschettini M, Romantsik O, Moreira A, Ley D, Thébaud B. Stem cell-based interventions for the prevention of morbidity and mortality following hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in newborn infants. Hippokratia 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bruschettini
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Department of Paediatrics; Lund Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital; Cochrane Sweden; Wigerthuset, Remissgatan 4, first floor room 11-221 Lund Sweden 22185
| | - Olga Romantsik
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Department of Paediatrics; Lund Sweden
| | - Alvaro Moreira
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - David Ley
- Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; Department of Paediatrics; Lund Sweden
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Pediatrics; Ottawa ON Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research; Ottawa Canada
- University of Ottawa; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Ottawa Canada
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20
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Lee YC, Chang YC, Wu CC, Huang CC. Hypoxia-Preconditioned Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Protect Against Neurovascular Damage After Hypoxic Ischemia in Neonatal Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7743-7757. [PMID: 29460267 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapy targeting the neurovascular unit may provide effective neuroprotection against neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). We hypothesized that the peripheral injection of hypoxia-preconditioned human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) following HI protects against neurovascular damage and provides long-term neuroprotection in a postpartum (P) day-7 rat pup model. Compared with normoxic HUVECs, hypoxic HUVECs showed enhanced migration and angiogenesis in vitro and had augmented migration effects into the brain when administered intraperitoneally in vivo after HI. Moreover, 24 and 72 h post-HI, the hypoxic HUVECs group but not the normoxic HUVECs or culture-medium groups had significantly higher preservation of microvessels and neurons, and attenuation of blood-brain barrier damage than the normal-saline group. Compared to control or normal-saline groups, only the hypoxic HUVECs group had no impaired foot steps and showed a significant reduction of brain area loss at P42. Next-generation sequencing showed hypoxia-induced upregulation and downregulation of 209 and 215 genes in HUVECs, respectively. Upstream regulator analysis by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) identified hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha as the key predicted activated transcription regulator. After hypoxia, 12 genes (ADAMTS1, EFNA1, HIF1A, LOX, MEOX2, SELE, VEGFA, VEGFC, CX3CL1, HMMR, SDC, and SERPINE) associated with migration and/or angiogenesis were regulated in HUVECs. In addition, 6 genes (VEGFA, VEGFC, NTN4, TGFA, SERPINE1, and CX3CL1) involved in the survival of endothelial and neuronal cells were also markedly altered in hypoxic HUVECs. Thus, cell therapy by using hypoxic HUVECs that enhance migration and neurovascular protection may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for treating neonatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Lee
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chao Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ching Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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21
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Chen C, Chu SF, Liu DD, Zhang Z, Kong LL, Zhou X, Chen NH. Chemokines play complex roles in cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Bang S, Lee SR, Ko J, Son K, Tahk D, Ahn J, Im C, Jeon NL. A Low Permeability Microfluidic Blood-Brain Barrier Platform with Direct Contact between Perfusable Vascular Network and Astrocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8083. [PMID: 28808270 PMCID: PMC5556097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel three dimensional blood brain barrier (BBB) platform was developed by independently supplying different types of media to separate cell types within a single device. One channel (vascular channel, VC) is connected to the inner lumen of the vascular network while the other supplies media to the neural cells (neural channel, NC). Compared to co-cultures supplied with only one type of medium (or 1:1 mixture), best barrier properties and viability were obtained with culturing HUVECs with endothelial growth medium (EGM) and neural cells with neurobasal medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (NBMFBS) independently. The measured vascular network permeability were comparable to reported in vivo values (20 kDa FITC-dextran, 0.45 ± 0.11 × 10−6 cm/s; 70 kDa FITC-dextran, 0.36 ± 0.05 × 10−6 cm/s) and a higher degree of neurovascular interfacing (astrocytic contact with the vascular network, GFAP-CD31 stain overlap) and presence of synapses (stained with synaptophysin). The BBB platform can dependably imitate the perivascular network morphology and synaptic structures characteristic of the NVU. This microfluidic BBB model can find applications in screening pharmaceuticals that target the brain for in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokyoung Bang
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ryeol Lee
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Ko
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungmin Son
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongha Tahk
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungho Ahn
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changkyun Im
- BK21 Plus Transformative Training Program for Creative Mechanical Engineers, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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23
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Liu C, Tsai AL, Li PC, Huang CW, Wu CC. Endothelial differentiation of bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells applicable to hypoxia and increased migration through Akt and NFκB signals. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:29. [PMID: 28173835 PMCID: PMC5296962 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are used to repair hypoxic or ischemic tissue. However, the underlining mechanism of resistance in the hypoxic microenvironment and the efficacy of migration to the injured tissue are still unknown. The current study aims to understand the hypoxia resistance and migration ability of MSCs during differentiation toward endothelial lineages by biochemical and mechanical stimuli. METHOD MSCs were harvested from the bone marrow of 6-8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The endothelial growth medium (EGM) was added to MSCs for 3 days to initiate endothelial differentiation. Laminar shear stress was used as the fluid mechanical stimulation. RESULTS Application of EGM facilitated the early endothelial lineage cells (eELCs) to express EPC markers. When treating the hypoxic mimetic desferrioxamine, both MSCs and eELCs showed resistance to hypoxia as compared with the occurrence of apoptosis in rat fibroblasts. The eELCs under hypoxia increased the wound closure and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) gene expression. Although the shear stress promoted eELC maturation and aligned cells parallel to the flow direction, their migration ability was not superior to that of eELCs either under normoxia or hypoxia. The eELCs showed higher protein expressions of CXCR4, phosphorylated Akt (pAkt), and endogenous NFκB and IκBα than MSCs under both normoxia and hypoxia conditions. The potential migratory signals were discovered by inhibiting either Akt or NFκB using specific inhibitors and revealed decreases of wound closure and transmigration ability in eELCs. CONCLUSION The Akt and NFκB pathways are important to regulate the early endothelial differentiation and its migratory ability under a hypoxic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Center, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - An-Ly Tsai
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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An in vivo study of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling in ginsenoside Rg1-mediated brain repair after hypoxia/ischemia brain injury. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:120-126. [PMID: 27632778 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia/ischemia (HI) brain injury is a common central nervous system insult in newborns. Studies have demonstrated bioactivity of ginsenoside Rg1 in increasing neural viability and promoting angiogenesis. However, there are few reports on roles of Rg1 in brain repair of neonatal HI, and the mechanisms involved are unclear. METHODS a neonatal HI model was established by a modified Rice-Vannucci model (RVM) and pups received ginsenoside Rg1 or monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside (GM1) treatment. Neurological function and pathologic damage of rats were evaluated. Cellular apoptosis was detected with Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Immunohistochemistry for von willebrand factor (vwf) was used to label micro vessels. Expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) were detected by western blot. RESULTS Both Rg1 and GM1 reduced neurological impairment and pathologic damage after HI by enhancing neural survival. Rg1, but not GM1, could also facilitate angiogenesis after HI. These pharmacological effects of Rg1 may be attributed to regulation of expression level of VEGF and CC3 and HIF-1α signaling pathway was involved. CONCLUSION Rg1 plays a neuroprotective role in brain repair following neonatal HI, and HIF-1α is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in neonates with HI brain injury.
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25
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Castelli G, Parolini I, Cerio AM, D'Angiò A, Pasquini L, Carollo M, Sargiacomo M, Testa U, Pelosi E. Conditioned medium from human umbilical vein endothelial cells markedly improves the proliferation and differentiation of circulating endothelial progenitors. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 61:58-65. [PMID: 27667168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been suggested as a precious source for generating functionally competent endothelial cells (ECs), candidate for various clinical applications. However, the paucity of these progenitor cells and the technical difficulties for their in vitro growth represent a main limitation to their use. In the present study we hypothesized that the paracrine effects of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) may improve endothelial cell generation from cord blood (CB) EPCs. In line with this hypothesis we showed that HUVEC conditioned medium (CM) or co-culture with HUVECs markedly improved the proliferation and differentiation and delayed the senescence of CB EPCs. The endothelial-promoting effect of CM seems to be related to smaller vesicles including exosomes (sEV/exo) contained in this medium and transferred to CB CD34(+) EPCs: in fact, purified preparations of sEV/exo isolated from CM mimicked the effect of CM to sustain endothelial formation. These observations provided the interesting indication that mature ECs exert a stimulatory effect on endothelial cell differentiation from CD34(+) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 200, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Parolini
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 200, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cerio
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 200, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese D'Angiò
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 200, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 200, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carollo
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediates Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 200, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sargiacomo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 200, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 200, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 200, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Diaz R, Miguel PM, Deniz BF, Confortim HD, Barbosa S, Mendonça MCP, Cruz‐Höfling MA, Pereira LO. Environmental enrichment attenuates the blood brain barrier dysfunction induced by the neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 53:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Diaz
- Programa de Pós Graduação em NeurociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Patrícia Maidana Miguel
- Programa de Pós Graduação em NeurociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Bruna Ferrary Deniz
- Programa de Pós Graduação em NeurociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Heloísa Deola Confortim
- Programa de Pós Graduação em NeurociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Sílvia Barbosa
- Programa de Pós Graduação em NeurociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
- Departamento de Ciências MorfológicasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Monique Culturato Padilha Mendonça
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia TecidualInstituto de Biologia (IB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Maria Alice Cruz‐Höfling
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia TecidualInstituto de Biologia (IB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSPBrazil
| | - Lenir Orlandi Pereira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em NeurociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
- Departamento de Ciências MorfológicasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
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Novel skin chamber for rat ischemic flap studies in regenerative wound repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:72. [PMID: 27188874 PMCID: PMC4869367 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In plastic surgery, skin flap is an important approach to reconstructive wound repairs. The rat dorsal skin flap is a clinically relevant and popular animal model to investigate and evaluate flap survival and necrosis. Nonetheless, flap survival is often unstable with unpredictable outcomes, regardless of previous attempts at design modification. Methods & Results In the present study, we report a novel flap chamber that provides stable and reproducible outcomes by separating the dorsal skin flap from its surrounding skin by in situ immobilization. The flap chamber blocks circulation that disturbs flap ischemia from both basal and lateral sides of the flap tissue. Demarcation of skin necrosis is macroscopically evident on the flap and supported by distinct changes in histological architecture under microscopic examination. The utility of the novel skin flap chamber is further proven by applying it to the examination of flap survival in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with an increase in skin necrosis. The flap chamber also affords size modifications where a narrower flap chamber increases ischemia and provides manipulable therapeutic windows for studying cell therapies. Accordingly, intradermal injection of endothelial cells 3 days before flap ischemia significantly increases the survival of skin flaps. Conclusions The novel flap chamber not only may stabilize the skin flap and provide reproducible outcomes that overcome the shortfalls of the traditional ischemic flap but also may afford size modifications that support research designs and test therapeutic approaches to regenerative repair. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0333-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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28
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Safaeian L, Sajjadi SE, Javanmard SH, Montazeri H, Samani F. Protective effect of Melissa officinalis extract against H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress in human vascular endothelial cells. Res Pharm Sci 2016; 11:383-389. [PMID: 27920820 PMCID: PMC5122827 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.192488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Melissa officinalis L. is a medicinal plant with a large variety of pharmacological effects and traditional applications. This study aimed to evaluate the protective and antioxidant activities of the extract of M. officinalis aerial parts on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under oxidative stress induced by H2O2. Cells were incubated with H2O2 (0.5 mM, 2 h) after pretreatment with M. officinalis extract (25-500 μg/mL). Cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4, 5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The concentration of hydroperoxides and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured in intra- and extra-cellular fluids. Pretreatment of HUVECs with M. officinalis extract at the concentrations of 100-500 μg/mL improved the cell viability after exposure to H2O2 significantly. It also decreased hydroperoxides concentration and increased FRAP value in both intra- and extra-cellular fluids. The results revealed antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of M. officinalis against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs. Due to the valuable antioxidant activity, this plant extract may have potential benefits for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Safaeian
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Seyyed Ebrahim Sajjadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hossein Montazeri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Fariba Samani
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Hsueh YY, Chang YJ, Huang CW, Handayani F, Chiang YL, Fan SC, Ho CJ, Kuo YM, Yang SH, Chen YL, Lin SC, Huang CC, Wu CC. Synergy of endothelial and neural progenitor cells from adipose-derived stem cells to preserve neurovascular structures in rat hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14985. [PMID: 26447335 PMCID: PMC4597209 DOI: 10.1038/srep14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal cerebral hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury damages the architecture of neurovascular units (NVUs) and results in neurological disorders. Here, we differentiated adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) toward the progenitor of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and neural precursor cells (NPCs) via microenvironmental induction and investigated the protective effect by transplanting ASCs, EPCs, NPCs, or a combination of EPCs and NPCs (E+N) into neonatal HI injured rat pups. The E+N combination produced significant reduction in brain damage and cell apoptosis and the most comprehensive restoration in NVUs regarding neuron number, normal astrocytes, and vessel density. Improvements in cognitive and motor functions were also achieved in injured rats with E+N therapy. Synergistic interactions to facilitate transmigration under in vitro hypoxic microenvironment were discovered with involvement of the neuropilin-1 (NRP1) signal in EPCs and the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signals in NPCs. Therefore, ASCs exhibit great potential for cell sources in endothelial and neural lineages to prevent brain from HI damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yu Hsueh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Fitri Handayani
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Chiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chen Fan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jung Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University, Xinyi District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsun Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ling Chen
- Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Che Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ching Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University, Xinyi District, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Wan-fan Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Xinyi District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, North District, Tainan City, Taiwan
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30
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Huang CW, Huang CC, Chen YL, Fan SC, Hsueh YY, Ho CJ, Wu CC. Shear Stress Induces Differentiation of Endothelial Lineage Cells to Protect Neonatal Brain from Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury through NRP1 and VEGFR2 Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:862485. [PMID: 26509169 PMCID: PMC4609802 DOI: 10.1155/2015/862485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injuries disrupt the integrity of neurovascular structure and lead to lifelong neurological deficit. The devastating damage can be ameliorated by preserving the endothelial network, but the source for therapeutic cells is limited. We aim to evaluate the beneficial effect of mechanical shear stress in the differentiation of endothelial lineage cells (ELCs) from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and the possible intracellular signals to protect HI injury using cell-based therapy in the neonatal rats. The ASCs expressed early endothelial markers after biochemical stimulation of endothelial growth medium. The ELCs with full endothelial characteristics were accomplished after a subsequential shear stress application for 24 hours. When comparing the therapeutic potential of ASCs and ELCs, the ELCs treatment significantly reduced the infarction area and preserved neurovascular architecture in HI injured brain. The transplanted ELCs can migrate and engraft into the brain tissue, especially in vessels, where they promoted the angiogenesis. The activation of Akt by neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was important for ELC migration and following in vivo therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, the current study demonstrated importance of mechanical factor in stem cell differentiation and showed promising protection of brain from HI injury using ELCs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Daxue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ching Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Daxue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ling Chen
- Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Daxue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chen Fan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, No. 1 Syuecheng Road, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yu Hsueh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No. 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jung Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Daxue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Daxue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Daxue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Daxue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- International Research Center for Wound Regeneration and Repair, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Daxue Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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