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Saadh MJ, Castillo-Acobo RY, Baher H, Narayanan J, Palacios Garay JP, Yamaguchi MNV, Arias-Gonzáles JL, Cotrina-Aliaga JC, Akram SV, Lakshmaiya N, Amin AH, Mohany M, Al-Rejaie SS, Ahsan M, Bahrami A, Akhavan-Sigari R. The protective role of sulforaphane and Homer1a in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury: Unraveling the neuroprotective interplay. Life Sci 2023; 329:121968. [PMID: 37487941 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological basis for various ophthalmic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential of sulforaphane (SFN) and Homer1a in regulating cell apoptosis induced by retinal I/R injury and to explore the underlying regulatory mechanism between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS In in vivo experiments, C57BL/6J mice and Homer1flox/-/Homer1a+/-/Nestin-Cre+/- mice were used to construct retinal I/R injury models. In vitro experiments utilized the oxygen-glucose deprivation-reperfusion (OGD/R) injury model with primary retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The effects of Homer1a and SFN on cell apoptosis were observed through pathological analyses, flow cytometry, and visual electrophysiological assessments. KEY FINDINGS We discovered that after OGD/R injury, apoptosis of RGCs and intracellular Ca2+ activity significantly increased. However, these changes were reversed upon the addition of SFN, and similar observations were reproduced in in vivo studies. Furthermore, both in vivo and in vitro studies confirmed the upregulation of Homer1a after I/R, which could be further enhanced by the administration of SFN. Moreover, upregulation of Homer1a resulted in a reduction in cell apoptosis and pro-apoptotic proteins, while downregulation of Homer1a had the opposite effect. Flash visual evoked potential, oscillatory potentials, and escape latency measurements in mice supported these findings. Furthermore, the addition of SFN strengthened the neuroprotective effects in the OGD/R + H+ group but weakened them in Homer1flox/-/Homer1a+/-/Nestin-Cre+/- mice. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that Homer1a plays a significant role in the therapeutic potential of sulforaphane for retinal I/R injury, thereby providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11152, Jordan
| | | | - Hala Baher
- Department of Radiology and Ultrasonography Techniques, College of Medical Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | | | - José Luis Arias-Gonzáles
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Studies, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | | | - Shaik Vaseem Akram
- Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Division of research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Natrayan Lakshmaiya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ahsan
- Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland; Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland.
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Cell Biology, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany; Biomedical Center for Systems Biology Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany
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Daruich A, Robert MP, Zola M, Matet A, Bremond-Gignac D. Retinal stroke: research models, targets and experimental drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:755-760. [PMID: 37651742 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2254688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinal artery occlusion (RAO), often caused by a microembolus and resulting in inner retinal ischemia, could be considered as the retinal analog to cerebral stroke. Although several therapeutic targets have been suggested in animal models of retinal ischemia and several potential treatments have been evaluated on small series of patients, central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is still rarely treatable in clinical practice. AREAS COVERED Here, we review several animal models of RAO, including increased intraocular pressure, laser, vasoconstriction, embolization and clamp. We also review the pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to cell death cascades during ischemia, and the therapeutic strategies targeting these events. These strategies aim to restore blood flow by fibrinolysis, increase the oxygen or glucose supply, decrease the energy demands, restrict ionic leak fluxes or reduce the detrimental effects of glutamate, calcium and free radicals. The current literature suggests that tPA treatment could be effective for CRAO. EXPERT OPINION Eye care professionals must make a rapid and accurate diagnosis and immediately refer patients with acute retinal stroke to specialized centers. CRAO management should also be facilitated by developing local networks to encourage collaboration among ophthalmologists, retina specialists and stroke neurologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Daruich
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu P Robert
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Borelli Centre, UMR 9010, CNRS-SSA-ENS Paris Saclay-Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Marta Zola
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Matet
- Ophthalmology Department, Institut Curie, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bremond-Gignac
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
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Gong L, Pasquale LR, Wiggs JL, Pan L, Yang Z, Wu M, Zeng Z, Yang Z, Shen Y, Chen DF, Zeng W. Description of a Nonhuman Primate Model of Retinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:14. [PMID: 38752575 PMCID: PMC10289273 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.6.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish an inducible model of retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RI/RI) in nonhuman primates (NHPs) to improve our understanding of the disease conditions and evaluate treatment interventions in humans. Methods We cannulated the right eye of rhesus macaques with a needle attached to a normal saline solution reservoir at up to 1.9 m above the eye level that resulted in high intraocular pressure of over 100 mm Hg for 90 minutes. Retinal morphology and function were monitored before and after RI/RI over two months by fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, and visual evoked potential. Terminal experiments involved immunostaining for retinal ganglion cell marker Brn3a, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to assess retinal inflammatory biomarkers. Results We observed significant and progressive declines in retinal and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the affected eye after RI/RI. We noted significant reductions in amplitudes of electroretinography a-wave, b-wave, and visual evoked potential N2-P2, with minimal recovery at 63 days after injury. Terminal experiments conducted two months after injury revealed ∼73% loss of retinal ganglion cells and a fivefold increase in glial fibrillary acid protein immunofluorescence intensity compared to the uninjured eyes. We observed marked increases in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-1beta, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the injured retinas. Conclusions The results demonstrated that the pathophysiology observed in the NHP model of RI/RI is comparable to that of human diseases and suggest that the NHP model may serve as a valuable tool for translating interventions into viable treatment approaches. Translational Relevance The model serves as a useful platform to study potential interventions and treatments for RI/RI or blinding retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- PriMed Non-human Primate Research Center of Sichuan PriMed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Eye and Vision Research Institute at New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janey L. Wiggs
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lingzhen Pan
- PriMed Non-human Primate Research Center of Sichuan PriMed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhenyan Yang
- PriMed Non-human Primate Research Center of Sichuan PriMed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mingling Wu
- PriMed Non-human Primate Research Center of Sichuan PriMed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zirui Zeng
- PriMed Non-human Primate Research Center of Sichuan PriMed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zunyuan Yang
- PriMed Non-human Primate Research Center of Sichuan PriMed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yubo Shen
- PriMed Non-human Primate Research Center of Sichuan PriMed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen Zeng
- PriMed Non-human Primate Research Center of Sichuan PriMed Shines Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Ya'an, Sichuan Province, China
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A clinically relevant model of focal embolic cerebral ischemia by thrombus and thrombolysis in rhesus monkeys. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2054-2084. [PMID: 35760857 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over decades of research into the treatment of stroke, nearly all attempts to translate experimental treatments from discovery in cells and rodents to use in humans have failed. The prevailing belief is that it might be necessary to pretest pharmacological neuroprotection in higher-order brains, especially those of nonhuman primates (NHPs). Over the past few years, chemical thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy have been established as the standard of care for ischemic stroke in patients. The spotlight is now shifting towards emphasizing both focal ischemia and subsequent reperfusion in developing a clinically relevant stroke model in NHPs. This protocol describes an embolic model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rhesus monkeys. An autologous clot is combined with a microcatheter or microwire through endovascular procedures, and reperfusion is achieved through local intra-artery thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator. These NHP models formed relatively stable infarct sizes, delivered predictable reperfusion and survival outcomes, and recapitulated key characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke as observed on MRI images and behavioral assays. Importantly, treated animals could survive 30 d after the surgery for post-stroke neurologic deficit analyses. Thus far, this model has been used in several translational studies. Here we describe in detail the teamwork necessary for developing stroke models of NHPs, including the preoperation preparations, endovascular surgery, postoperation management and histopathological analysis. The model can be established by the following procedures over a 45-d period, including preparation steps (14 d), endovascular operation (1 d) and evaluation steps (30 d).
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Choi M, Kim SW, Vu TQA, Kim YJ, Jung H, Shin D, Eom H, Kim YH, Yun C, Kim YY. Analysis of Microvasculature in Nonhuman Primate Macula With Acute Elevated Intraocular Pressure Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:18. [PMID: 34932062 PMCID: PMC8709935 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.15.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate responses of macular capillary vessel area density (VAD) of superficial and deep retinal vascular plexuses to elevations in intraocular pressure (IOP) in cynomolgus macaque monkeys using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods In five general anesthetized male cynomolgus monkeys, the IOP was increased incrementally by 10 mmHg from baseline (10 mmHg) to 70 mmHg and then decreased back to 10 mmHg (recovery state). Structural OCT (30° × 30°) and OCTA (20° × 15°) centered on the macula were obtained at each IOP and 3, 15, and 30 minutes after recovery. En face images of the superficial vascular complex (SVC) and deep vascular complex (DVC) were extracted, and VAD (%) compared with that at baseline was calculated. Results The VADs in the SVC and DVC at baseline and at 30 mmHg IOP were 34.96%, 34.15%, 35.38%, and 30.12%, respectively. The VAD plateaued until 30 mmHg; however, the VAD was affected more in the DVC than in the SVC (P = 0.008) at 30 mmHg. It showed a significant reduction at 40 mmHg (16.52% SVC, P = 0.006; 18.59% DVC, P = 0.012). In the recovery state, the SVC showed full retention of baseline VAD, but the DVC maintained VAD approximately 70% of that at baseline. Structural OCT showed hyperreflectivity in the nuclear layer, retinal swelling, and an undifferentiated ellipsoid zone from 50 mmHg. Conclusions Despite physiological autoregulation, perifoveal microcirculation was affected at high IOP ≥ 40 mmHg, especially in the DVC, which explains the pathological mechanism of macular vulnerability in ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Que Anh Vu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hachul Jung
- Medical Device Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggwan Shin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Eom
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Yeon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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