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Chu SJ, Huang KL, Wu SY, Ko FC, Wu GC, Li RY, Li MH. Systemic administration of FC-77 dampens ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute lung injury in rats. Inflammation 2014; 36:1383-92. [PMID: 23807052 PMCID: PMC7101555 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Systemic administration of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) reportedly attenuates acute lung injury induced by acid aspiration and phorbol myristate acetate. However, the effects of PFCs on ischemia–reperfusion (IR)-induced lung injury have not been investigated. Typical acute lung injury was induced in rats by 60 min of ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion in isolated and perfused rat lung model. Rat lungs were randomly assigned to receive PBS (control), 1 % FC-77, IR only, or IR with different doses of FC-77 (0.1 %, 0.5 %, or 1 %). Subsequently, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), perfusate, and lung tissues were collected to evaluate the degree of lung injury. IR caused a significant increase in the following parameters: pulmonary arterial pressure, capillary filtration coefficient, lung weight gain, lung weight/body weight ratio, wet/dry lung weight ratio, and protein concentration in BALF. TNF-α and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 concentrations in perfusate samples and MDA concentration and MPO activities in lung tissues were also significantly increased. Histopathology showed increased septal thickness and neutrophil infiltration in the lung tissues. Furthermore, NF-κB activity was significantly increased in the lungs. However, pretreatment with 1 % FC-77 prior to IR significantly attenuated the increases in these parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that systemic FC-77 administration had a protective effect on IR-induced acute lung injury. These protective mechanisms may have been mediated by the inhibition of NF-κB activation and attenuation of subsequent inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jye Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Koksel O, Ozdulger A, Ercil M, Tamer L, Ercan B, Atik U, Cinel L, Cinel I, Kanik A. EFFECTS OFN-ACETYLCYSTEINE ON OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT BALANCE IN OLEIC ACID–INDUCED LUNG INJURY. Exp Lung Res 2009; 30:431-46. [PMID: 15524403 DOI: 10.1080/01902140490476319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of N-acetylcysteine has been documented in many experimental lung injury models. Because intravenous injection of oleic acid induces histopathologic changes similar to those seen in human acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome, the authors evaluated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on oxidative stress and lung damage in an oleic acid (OA)-induced lung injury model. Thirty-five rats were divided into 5 groups as sham, NAC, OA, pre-OA-NAC, and post-OA-NAC. Lung damage was induced by intravenous administration of oleic acid. Pre-OA-NACgroup received intravenous (IV) N-acetylcysteine 15 minutes before oleic acid infusion and post-OA-NAC group received IV N-acetylcysteine 2 hours after oleic acid infusion. In both of the N-acetylcysteine treatment groups, blood and tissue samples were collected 4 hours after oleic acid infusion, independent from the time of N-acetylcysteine infusion. In other groups, blood and tissue samples were collected 4 hours after ethanol, NAC, or OA infusions. Serum myeloperoxidase activity, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde levels, and lung tissue Na+ - K+ ATPase activity were measured and light microscopic analyses of lung specimens were performed. The administration of N-acetylcysteine significantly restored Na+ - K+ ATPase activity and total antioxidant capacity levels and ameliorated lung architecture. N-acetylcysteine has been shown to have some attenuating effects in experimental animal studies. However, further investigations are necessary to suggest N-acetylcysteine as a treatment agent in critically ill patients with lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Koksel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Mersin School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey.
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Bouvet F, Dreyfuss D, Lebtahi R, Martet G, Le Guludec D, Saumon G. Noninvasive evaluation of acute capillary permeability changes during high-volume ventilation in rats with and without hypercapnic acidosis. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:155-60; discussion 250-2. [PMID: 15644663 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000150657.02138.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether hypercapnic acidosis attenuates acute alterations of pulmonary capillary permeability due to high lung stretch in rats using a simple, noninvasive, scintigraphic method. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled animal study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Male adult Wistar rats weighing 291 +/- 7.5 g. INTERVENTIONS Three groups of rats were studied: controls ventilated with a low (6 mL/kg body weight) tidal volume and rats ventilated with a high (38 mL/kg body weight) tidal volume under normocapnic (Paco(2) = 35.2 +/- 1.65 mm Hg) or hypercapnic (Paco(2) = 102.5 +/- 5.63 mm Hg) conditions. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Pulmonary capillary permeability alterations were assessed by monitoring the rate of (111)In-transferrin accumulation in lung tissue. Respiratory system pressure-volume curves were registered and analyzed. High tidal volume ventilation increased In-transferrin plasma to lung flux in such a way that I(111)In-transferrin behaved like a marker of water. The rate of initial (first 30 mins of high tidal volume ventilation) lung transferrin accumulation measured by scintigraphy (standardized lung/heart ratio) was steady, correlated with the percent decrease in respiratory system compliance (a marker of edema progression), and did not differ between normocapnic and hypercapnic groups (18.9 +/- 3.97 vs. 14.2 +/- 2.89%/hr, not significant). However, lung In-tranferrin accumulation rate was highly scattered due to variable interindividual mechanical properties of the respiratory system. This rate was correlated with initial values of volume of the upper inflection point of the pressure-volume curve (r = -.53, p < .001) and end-inspiratory pressure (r = .54, p < .001). Mechanical properties were similar in normocapnic and hypercapnic rats. There was no difference between In-transferrin accumulation rates in these rats when a stringent selection was made based on end-inspiratory pressure (28-32 cm H(2)O) or body weight (330-360 g). CONCLUSIONS Hypercapnic acidosis does not influence in vivo the acute increase in pulmonary capillary permeability due to high-volume ventilation.
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Koksel O, Cinel I, Tamer L, Cinel L, Ozdulger A, Kanik A, Ercan B, Oral U. N-acetylcysteine inhibits peroxynitrite-mediated damage in oleic acid-induced lung injury. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2004; 17:263-70. [PMID: 15477121 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2004.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2003] [Revised: 04/01/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Since oleic acid (OA) induces morphologic and cellular changes similar to those observed in human acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome, it has become a widely used model to investigate the effects of several agents on pathogenesis of lung injury. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been documented in many lung injury models. In this study, we evaluated the role of NAC in an OA-induced lung injury model by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels in lung tissue. Five groups labelled Sham, NAC, OA, Pre-OA-NAC and Post-OA-NAC were determined. ALI was induced by intravenous administration of OA. The pre-OA-NAC group received iv NAC 15 min before OA infusion and the post-OA-NAC group received iv NAC 2 h after OA infusion. In both of the NAC treatment groups' blood and tissue samples were collected 4 h after OA infusion, independent from the time of NAC infusion. The MPO activity, MDA and 3-NT levels in lung homogenates were found to be increased in OA group and the administration of NAC significantly reduced tissue MPO, MDA and 3-NT levels (p = 0.0001) Lung histopathology was also affected by NAC in this OA-induced experimental lung injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Koksel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin Universitesi Tip Fakültesi Hastanesi, Zeytinlibahçe Caddesi 33079, Mersin, Turkey.
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Luecke T, Meinhardt JP, Herrmann P, Klemm S, Weiss A, Weisser G, Hirschl RB, Quintel M. End-expiratory lung volumes and density distribution patterns during partial liquid ventilation in healthy and oleic acid-injured sheep: a computed tomography study. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:2190-7. [PMID: 12973179 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000080483.60432.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine end-expiratory lung volumes (EELVs) and the distribution of gas and perflubron during low- and high-dose partial liquid ventilation (PLV) in healthy and oleic-acid-injured lungs. DESIGN A prospective, randomized study. SETTING A university medical school laboratory approved for animal research. SUBJECTS Adult sheep. INTERVENTIONS A total of 18 sheep were randomly divided into two groups (healthy and oleic acid lung injury) and received PLV with perflubron at incremental doses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Animals were ventilated in a volume-control mode with a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O. Baseline computed tomographic scans of the entire lung were obtained during end-expiratory hold. Thereafter, the animals were randomized to undergo either PLV alone (healthy group) or after oleic acid lung injury was introduced (injury group). In both groups, PLV was induced by instilling 10 mL/kg perflubron into the endotracheal tube over 5 mins (low-dose PLV). At 60 mins after dosing, another set of computed tomographic scans during end-expiratory hold was obtained. Thereafter, another 20 mL/kg perflubron was instilled in both groups (cumulative dose, 30 mL/kg perflubron, high-dose PLV), and computed tomographic scanning was repeated 60 mins later. EELVs were calculated. To study density distribution patterns, the lungs were divided into nine segments, and the mean Hounsfield attenuation number was calculated for each segment. In healthy animals, low-dose PLV did not change EELV (47.5 +/- 8.1 mL/kg vs. 44.5 +/- 6.1 mL/kg at 10 mL/kg perflubron), whereas high-dose PLV significantly increased EELV (58.1 +/- 3.3 mL/kg, p <.01). Oleic acid lung injury significantly reduced EELV (53.9 +/- 7.5 mL/kg vs. 43.9 +/- 8.7 mL/kg, p <.01). Low-dose PLV reestablished baseline EELV (59.8 +/- 10.5 mL/kg), and high-dose PLV resulted in a significant increase in EELV (89.2 +/- 12 mL/kg, p =.003). PLV increased the mean Hounsfield attenuation number along the ventrodorsal axis in the three coronal blocks in a dose-dependent manner. In the oleic acid lung injury group, PLV produced a more homogeneous pattern of density distribution, with the highest Hounsfield attenuation numbers observed in the medial segments. CONCLUSION High-dose PLV significantly increased EELV in both states, indicating lung distention. Healthy lungs were filled in a dose-dependent, gravity-governed fashion, showing steep craniocaudal and ventrodorsal gradients. In the oleic acid lung injury model studied, perflubron tended to accumulate on top of the most severely injured dorsal and diaphragmatic parts, rendering effective recruitment by liquid positive end-expiratory pressure in these regions questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Luecke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Mannheim, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Endo S, Sohara Y, Murayama F, Yamaguchi T, Hasegawa T, Kanai Y. Real-time visualization of partial liquid ventilation in a model of acute lung injury. Surgery 2003; 133:207-15. [PMID: 12605182 DOI: 10.1067/msy.2003.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To clarify the effects of partial liquid ventilation, we visualized and morphologically analyzed real-time alveolar recruitment in a model of acute lung injury. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: a group that underwent hydrochloric acid aspiration and mechanical gas ventilation (ALI group, n = 15), a group that underwent acid aspiration and partial liquid ventilation beginning 90 minutes after acid aspiration (PLV group, n = 15), and a group that underwent mechanical ventilation without acid aspiration (control group, n = 5). The number of ventilated alveoli and the diameter of the largest ventilated alveolus in each of 10 high-power fields observed on fluorescence micrographs with a tracer of labeled albumin were determined and averaged from 90 to 210 minutes after acid aspiration. RESULTS The number of alveoli in the PLV group significantly increased in comparison to that in the ALI group. The diameter of the largest alveolus in the PLV group decreased from 103.7 +/- 16.3 microm to 76.3 +/- 6.5 microm until the end of the experiment. This diameter was equivalent to that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The excellent alveolar recruitment suggests that liquid ventilation ameliorates ventilator-associated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Endo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi-machi, Kawachi-gun, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Brown RFR, Jugg BJA, Harban FMJ, Ashley Z, Kenward CE, Platt J, Hill A, Rice P, Watkins PE. Pathophysiological responses following phosgene exposure in the anaesthetized pig. J Appl Toxicol 2002; 22:263-9. [PMID: 12210544 DOI: 10.1002/jat.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a reproducible model of phosgene-induced lung injury in the pig to facilitate the future development of therapeutic strategies. Ten female young adult large white pigs were used. Following induction of anaesthesia using a halothane/oxygen/nitrous oxide mixture, arterial and venous catheters were inserted together with a pulmonary artery thermodilution catheter, and a suprapubic urinary catheter by laparotomy. Anaesthesia was maintained throughout the experiment by intravenous infusion of ketamine, midazolam and alfentanil. On completion of surgery the animals were allowed to equilibrate for 1 h and then were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 5) was exposed to phosgene for 10 min (mean Ct = 2443 +/- 35 mg min m(-3)) while spontaneously breathing, whereas control animals (Group 2 n = 5) were exposed to air. At 30 min post-exposure, anaesthesia was deepened in order to allow the initiation of intermittent positive pressure ventilation and the animals were monitored for up to 24 h. Cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were monitored every 30 min and blood samples were taken for arterial and mixed venous blood gas analysis and clinical chemistry. A detailed post-mortem and histopathology was carried out on all animals following death or euthanasia at the end of the 24-h monitoring period. Control animals (Group 2) all survived until the end of the 24-h monitoring period with normal pathophysiological parameters. Histopathology showed only minimal passive congestion of the lung. Following exposure to phosgene (Group 1) there was one survivor to 24 h, with the remainder dying between 16.5 and 23 h (mean = 20 h). Histopathology from these animals showed areas of widespread pulmonary oedema, petechial haemorrhage and bronchial epithelial necrosis. There was also a significant increase in lung wet weight/body weight ratio (P < 0.001). During and immediately following exposure, a transient decrease in oxygen saturation and stroke volume index was observed. From 6 h there were significant decreases in arterial pH (P < 0.01), P(a)O(2) (P < 0.01) and lung compliance (P < 0.01), whereas oxygen delivery and consumption was reduced from 15 h onwards in phosgene-exposed animals. Mean pulmonary artery pressure of phosgene-exposed animals was increased from 15 h post-exposure, with periods of increased pulmonary vascular resistance index being recorded from 9 h onwards. We have developed a reproducible model of phosgene-induced lung injury in the anaesthetized pig. We have followed changes in cardiovascular and pulmonary dynamics for up to 24 h after exposure in order to demonstrate evidence of primary acute lung injury from 16 h post-exposure. Histopathology showed evidence of widespread damage to the lung and there was also a significant increase in lung wet weight/body weight ratio (P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- R F R Brown
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Chemical and Biological Sciences, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
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Bleyl JU, Ragaller M, Tschö U, Regner M, Hübler M, Kanzow M, Vincent O, Albrecht M. Changes in pulmonary function and oxygenation during application of perfluorocarbon vapor in healthy and oleic acid-injured animals. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:1340-7. [PMID: 12072692 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200206000-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the changes in pulmonary function and gas exchange during application of 18% perfluorohexane vapor in healthy and in oleic acid-injured animals and compare it with an injured control group. DESIGN Prospective randomized controlled study. SETTING Experimental research laboratory at a university medical center. SUBJECTS Nineteen sheep weighing 31.4 +/- 4.1 kg. INTERVENTIONS Lung injury was induced in 14 sheep by the intravenous injection of 0.1 mL/kg oleic acid. After establishment of lung injury (PaO(2)/F(IO(2)) ratio, <200; pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, <19 torr), seven animals were treated with 18% perfluorohexane vapor for 30 mins whereas seven animals served as controls. After the start of perfluorohexane treatment, blood gases and respiratory and hemodynamic data were collected in 10-min intervals throughout the study period of 1 hr. In addition, five healthy animals received perfluorohexane vapor for 30 mins and were followed up for 2 hrs to exclude delayed negative effects. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Treatment of healthy animals with 18% perfluorohexane vapor was not accompanied by any significant adverse effects. It was associated with a significant decrease of alveolar-arterial oxygen difference during perfluorohexane application (p <.05). In injured animals, 18% perfluorohexane led to a sustained improvement of peak inspiratory pressures within 10 mins of treatment (p <.001). The concomitant increase in compliance was equally significant (p <.001). Significant improvements in PaO(2) occurred despite a decrease in F(IO(2)) to 0.81 at the end of vaporization. CONCLUSION Healthy animals tolerated perfluorohexane vapor well without significant changes in oxygenation and mechanical lung function for 2 hrs. In injured animals, application of perfluorohexane vapor primarily improved peak inspiratory pressure and compliance. The increase of oxygenation therefore could be secondary to an improvement in compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg U Bleyl
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Technical University, Dresden, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Tobin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago Stritch School of Medicine and Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois 60141, USA.
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Schuster DP, Lange NR, Tutuncu A, Wedel M. Clinical correlation with changing radiographic appearance during partial liquid ventilation. Chest 2001; 119:1503-9. [PMID: 11348960 DOI: 10.1378/chest.119.5.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the chest radiographic filling pattern associated with partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with the perfluorochemical perflubron (LiquiVent; Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp; San Diego CA) as a function of dose and timing. DESIGN Post hoc review of chest radiographs by three independent observers with correlation to clinical variables. SETTING Phase II randomized, uncontrolled, prospective, multicenter clinical trial. PATIENTS Sixteen adult patients with diffuse bilateral infiltrates consistent with acute lung injury and a PaO(2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO(2)) ratio < 300 with positive end-expiratory pressure of 13 cm H(2)O and FIO(2) > or = 0.5. INTERVENTIONS All patients were treated with either a 10-mL/kg or 20-mL/kg loading dose of perflubron followed by maintenance dosing at 3-h intervals to protocol-determined levels. RESULTS There was a significant relationship between inhomogeneous radiographic filling during the first 48 h of treatment and the use of the lower loading dose of perflubron. Inhomogeneous radiographic filling (in 5 patients) was associated with a lower high-dose/FIO(2) ratio at 24 h compared with the remaining patients. These differences resolved by 48 h. There were no other statistically significant correlations identified. CONCLUSIONS The radiographic appearance of PLV with perflubron appears to depend on the dose administered. Lower doses can be associated with both inhomogeneous radiographic filling and a transient deterioration in oxygenation during the first 24 to 48 h of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Schuster
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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