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Shima N, Yamamura A, Fujiwara M, Amano T, Matsumoto K, Sekine T, Okano H, Kondo R, Suzuki Y, Yamamura H. Up-regulated expression of two-pore domain K + channels, KCNK1 and KCNK2, is involved in the proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1343804. [PMID: 38410243 PMCID: PMC10894933 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1343804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and rare disease in the cardiopulmonary system. Its pathogenesis involves vascular remodeling of the pulmonary artery, which results in progressive increases in pulmonary arterial pressure. Chronically increased pulmonary arterial pressure causes right ventricular hypertrophy and subsequent right heart failure. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is attributed to the excessive proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which are induced by enhanced Ca2+ signaling following the up-/down-regulation of ion channel expression. Objectives In the present study, the functional expression of two-pore domain potassium KCNK channels was investigated in PASMCs from idiopathic PAH (IPAH) patients and experimental pulmonary hypertensive (PH) animals. Results In IPAH-PASMCs, the expression of KCNK1/TWIK1 and KCNK2/TREK1 channels was up-regulated, whereas that of KCNK3/TASK1 and KCNK6/TWIK2 channels was down-regulated. The similar up-regulated expression of KCNK1 and KCNK2 channels was observed in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscles of monocrotaline-induced PH rats, Sugen 5416/hypoxia-induced PH rats, and hypoxia-induced PH mice. The facilitated proliferation of IPAH-PASMCs was suppressed by the KCNK channel blockers, quinine and tetrapentylammonium. The migration of IPAH-PASMCs was also suppressed by these channel blockers. Furthermore, increases in the proliferation and migration were inhibited by the siRNA knockdown of KCNK1 or KCNK2 channels. The siRNA knockdown also caused membrane depolarization and subsequent decrease in cytosolic [Ca2+]. The phosphorylated level of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was elevated in IPAH-PASMCs compared to normal-PASMCs. The increased phosphorylation was significantly reduced by the siRNA knockdown of KCNK1 or KCNK2 channels. Conclusion Collectively, these findings indicate that the up-regulated expression of KCNK1 and KCNK2 channels facilitates the proliferation and migration of PASMCs via enhanced Ca2+ signaling and JNK signaling pathway, which is associated with vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Shima
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Yamamura
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Moe Fujiwara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taiki Amano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taiga Sekine
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruka Okano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rubii Kondo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Khachigian LM. The MEK-ERK-Egr-1 axis and its regulation in cardiovascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107232. [PMID: 37734428 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Multiple molecular and cellular processes underpinning the pathogenesis of CVD are regulated by the zinc finger transcription factor and product of an immediate-early gene, early growth response-1 (Egr-1). Egr-1 regulates multiple pro-inflammatory processes that underpin the manifestation of CVD. The activity of Egr-1 itself is influenced by a range of post-translational modifications including sumoylation, ubiquitination and acetylation. Egr-1 also undergoes phosphorylation by protein kinases, such as extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) which is itself phosphorylated by MEK. This article reviews recent progress on the MEK-ERK-Egr-1 cascade, notably regulation in conjunction with factors and agents such as TET2, TRIB2, MIAT, SphK1, cAMP, teneligliptin, cholinergic drugs, red wine and flavonoids, wogonin, febuxostat, docosahexaenoic acid and AT1R blockade. Such insights should provide new opportunity for therapeutic intervention in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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3
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Kong S, Yu J, Li HF, Xie YL, Song LF, Wang QQ, Chen YJ, Zhao FR, Zhang WF, Zhu TT. A ring N(CH 3) 2-based derivative of resveratrol inhibits pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxia pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176077. [PMID: 37820784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) phenotypic switching and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) are important in promoting pulmonary hypertension (PH)-pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR). Resveratrol can efficiently inhibit the proliferation of PASMCs, but its application is limited due to its low bioavailability and solubility. In this study, we modified resveratrol to assess the role of A ring N(CH3)2-based derivatives of resveratrol (Res4) in PVR-PASMCs phenotypic switching and PVR-PAECs EndMT. Chemical methods were used for the preparation of Res4; NMRS and HPLC were used to authenticate Res4. Mice developed PVR after 4 weeks of hypoxia (10% O2). Res4 (50 mg/kg/d) attenuated right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and PVR. PASMCs developed phenotypic switching and PAECs developed EndMT after 2 days of hypoxia (3% O2). Res4 (10 μM) could inhibit PASMCs and PAECs viability. Res4 could decrease proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and osteopontin (OPN) expression, and increase α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin expression in PASMCs. It could also decrease PCNA, α-SMA, vimentin expression and increase platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31) expression in PAECs. Notably, Res4 inhibited the phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 kinase in hypoxia-treated PASMCs and PAECs, indicating MAPK pathway may be involved in Res4-induced inhibition of PASMCs phenotypic switching and PAECs EndMT. Our data demonstrated that Res4 exerts antiproliferative effects by regulating PASMCs phenotypic switching and PAECs EndMT. Res4 may be potentially used as a drug against PH-PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Han-Fei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yu-Liang Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Liao-Fan Song
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yu-Jing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Fan-Rong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Wei-Fang Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Tian-Tian Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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4
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Flood D, Lee ES, Taylor CT. Intracellular energy production and distribution in hypoxia. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105103. [PMID: 37507013 PMCID: PMC10480318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrolysis of ATP is the primary source of metabolic energy for eukaryotic cells. Under physiological conditions, cells generally produce more than sufficient levels of ATP to fuel the active biological processes necessary to maintain homeostasis. However, mechanisms underpinning the distribution of ATP to subcellular microenvironments with high local demand remain poorly understood. Intracellular distribution of ATP in normal physiological conditions has been proposed to rely on passive diffusion across concentration gradients generated by ATP producing systems such as the mitochondria and the glycolytic pathway. However, subcellular microenvironments can develop with ATP deficiency due to increases in local ATP consumption. Alternatively, ATP production can be reduced during bioenergetic stress during hypoxia. Mammalian cells therefore need to have the capacity to alter their metabolism and energy distribution strategies to compensate for local ATP deficits while also controlling ATP production. It is highly likely that satisfying the bioenergetic requirements of the cell involves the regulated distribution of ATP producing systems to areas of high ATP demand within the cell. Recently, the distribution (both spatially and temporally) of ATP-producing systems has become an area of intense investigation. Here, we review what is known (and unknown) about intracellular energy production and distribution and explore potential mechanisms through which this targeted distribution can be altered in hypoxia, with the aim of stimulating investigation in this important, yet poorly understood field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh Flood
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eun Sang Lee
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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5
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Xu WJ, Wu Q, He WN, Wang S, Zhao YL, Huang JX, Yan XS, Jiang R. Interleukin-6 and pulmonary hypertension: from physiopathology to therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181987. [PMID: 37449201 PMCID: PMC10337993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive, pulmonary vascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of PH is complex and remains unclear. Existing studies have suggested that inflammatory factors are key factors in PH. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system. Current studies reveal that IL-6 is elevated in the serum of patients with PH and it is negatively correlated with lung function in those patients. Since IL-6 is one of the most important mediators in the pathogenesis of inflammation in PH, signaling mechanisms targeting IL-6 may become therapeutic targets for this disease. In this review, we detailed the potential role of IL-6 in accelerating PH process and the specific mechanisms and signaling pathways. We also summarized the current drugs targeting these inflammatory pathways to treat PH. We hope that this study will provide a more theoretical basis for targeted treatment in patients with PH in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ni He
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Lin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Xia Huang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Shen Yan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Gredic M, Wu CY, Hadzic S, Pak O, Savai R, Kojonazarov B, Doswada S, Weiss A, Weigert A, Guenther A, Brandes RP, Schermuly RT, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Sommer N, Kraut S, Weissmann N. Myeloid-cell-specific deletion of inducible nitric oxide synthase protects against smoke-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:2101153. [PMID: 34475225 PMCID: PMC8989054 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01153-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of COPD, associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Intriguingly, pulmonary vascular alterations have been suggested to drive emphysema development. Previously, we identified inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as an essential enzyme for development and reversal of smoke-induced PH and emphysema, and showed that iNOS expression in bone-marrow-derived cells drives pulmonary vascular remodelling, but not parenchymal destruction. In this study, we aimed to identify the iNOS-expressing cell type driving smoke-induced PH and to decipher pro-proliferative pathways involved. METHODS To address this question we used 1) myeloid-cell-specific iNOS knockout mice in chronic smoke exposure and 2) co-cultures of macrophages and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) to decipher underlying signalling pathways. RESULTS Myeloid-cell-specific iNOS knockout prevented smoke-induced PH but not emphysema in mice. Moreover, iNOS deletion in myeloid cells ameliorated the increase in expression of CD206, a marker of M2 polarisation, on interstitial macrophages. Importantly, the observed effects on lung macrophages were hypoxia-independent, as these mice developed hypoxia-induced PH. In vitro, smoke-induced PASMC proliferation in co-cultures with M2-polarised macrophages could be abolished by iNOS deletion in phagocytic cells, as well as by extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibition in PASMCs. Crucially, CD206-positive and iNOS-positive macrophages accumulated in proximity of remodelled vessels in the lungs of COPD patients, as shown by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION In summary, our results demonstrate that iNOS deletion in myeloid cells confers protection against PH in smoke-exposed mice and provide evidence for an iNOS-dependent communication between M2-like macrophages and PASMCs in underlying pulmonary vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Gredic
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cheng-Yu Wu
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hadzic
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oleg Pak
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Siddartha Doswada
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- European IPF Registry & Biobank (eurIPFreg), Giessen, Germany
- Agaplesion Evangelisches Krankenhaus Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- DZHK - German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Simone Kraut
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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7
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Moberg M, Apró W, Horwath O, Hall G, Blackwood SJ, Katz A. Acute normobaric hypoxia blunts contraction-mediated mTORC1- and JNK-signaling in human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13771. [PMID: 34984845 PMCID: PMC9285439 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim Hypoxia has been shown to reduce resistance exercise‐induced stimulation of protein synthesis and long‐term gains in muscle mass. However, the mechanism whereby hypoxia exerts its effect is not clear. Here, we examine the effect of acute hypoxia on the activity of several signalling pathways involved in the regulation of muscle growth following a bout of resistance exercise. Methods Eight men performed two sessions of leg resistance exercise in normoxia or hypoxia (12% O2) in a randomized crossover fashion. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and 0, 90,180 minutes after exercise. Muscle analyses included levels of signalling proteins and metabolites associated with energy turnover. Results Exercise during normoxia induced a 5‐10‐fold increase of S6K1Thr389 phosphorylation throughout the recovery period, but hypoxia blunted the increases by ~50%. Phosphorylation of JNKThr183/Tyr185 and the JNK target SMAD2Ser245/250/255 was increased by 30‐ to 40‐fold immediately after the exercise in normoxia, but hypoxia blocked almost 70% of the activation. Throughout recovery, phosphorylation of JNK and SMAD2 remained elevated following the exercise in normoxia, but the effect of hypoxia was lost at 90‐180 minutes post‐exercise. Hypoxia had no effect on exercise‐induced Hippo or autophagy signalling and ubiquitin‐proteasome related protein levels. Nor did hypoxia alter the changes induced by exercise in high‐energy phosphates, glucose 6‐P, lactate or phosphorylation of AMPK or ACC. Conclusion We conclude that acute severe hypoxia inhibits resistance exercise‐induced mTORC1‐ and JNK signalling in human skeletal muscle, effects that do not appear to be mediated by changes in the degree of metabolic stress in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Moberg
- Åstrand Laboratory Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - William Apró
- Åstrand Laboratory Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Oscar Horwath
- Åstrand Laboratory Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
| | - Gerrit Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Clinical Biochemistry Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Sarah Joan Blackwood
- Åstrand Laboratory Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
| | - Abram Katz
- Åstrand Laboratory Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
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8
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Guo M, Zhang M, Cao X, Fang X, Li K, Qin L, He Y, Zhao J, Xu Y, Liu X, Li X. Notch4 mediates vascular remodeling via ERK/JNK/P38 MAPK signaling pathways in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Respir Res 2022; 23:6. [PMID: 35016680 PMCID: PMC8753901 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a chronic progressive advanced disorder pathologically characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling. Notch4 as a cell surface receptor is critical for vascular development. However, little is known about the role and mechanism of Notch4 in the development of hypoxic vascular remodeling. Methods Lung tissue samples were collected to detect the expression of Notch4 from patients with HPH and matched controls. Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) were cultured in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to examine the mRNA and protein levels of Notch4. HPASMCs were transfected with small interference RNA (siRNA) against Notch4 or Notch4 overexpression plasmid, respectively. Cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8, Edu, Annexin-V/PI, and Transwell assay. The interaction between Notch4 and ERK, JNK, P38 MAPK were analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation. Adeno-associated virus 1-mediated siRNA against Notch4 (AAV1-si-Notch4) was injected into the airways of hypoxic rats. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodeling were evaluated. Results In this study, we demonstrate that Notch4 is highly expressed in the media of pulmonary vascular and is upregulated in lung tissues from patients with HPH and HPH rats compared with control groups. In vitro, hypoxia induces the high expression of Delta-4 and Notch4 in HPASMCs. The increased expression of Notch4 promotes HPASMCs proliferation and migration and inhibits cells apoptosis via ERK, JNK, P38 signaling pathways. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation result elucidates the interaction between Notch4 and ERK/JNK/P38. In vivo, silencing Notch4 partly abolished the increase in RVSP and pulmonary vascular remodeling caused by hypoxia in HPH rats. Conclusions These findings reveal an important role of the Notch4-ERK/JNK/P38 MAPK axis in hypoxic pulmonary remodeling and provide a potential therapeutic target for patients with HPH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01927-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaopei Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanzhou He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Jiang H, Niu Y, He Y, Li X, Xu Y, Liu X. Proteomic analysis reveals that Xbp1s promotes hypoxic pulmonary hypertension through the p-JNK MAPK pathway. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1948-1963. [PMID: 34964131 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is characterized by elevated pulmonary artery resistance and vascular remodeling. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is reported to be involved in HPH, but the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. We found that Xbp1s, a potent transcription factor during ERS, was elevated in hypoxic-cultured rat PASMCs and lung tissues from HPH rats. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that overexpressing Xbp1s can promote proliferation, cell viability, and migration and inhibit the apoptosis of PASMCs, while silencing Xbp1s led to the opposite. Through data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry, we identified extensive proteomic alterations regulated by hypoxia and Xbp1s. Further validation revealed that p-JNK, rather than p-ERK or p-p38, was the downstream effector of Xbp1s. p-JNK inhibition reversed the biological effects of Xbp1s overexpression in vitro. In the animal HPH model, rats were randomly assigned to five groups: normoxia, hypoxia, hypoxia+AAV-CTL (control), hypoxia+AAV-Xbp1s (prevention), and hypoxia+AAV-Xbp1s (therapy). Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 1-mediated Xbp1s knockdown in the prevention and therapy groups significantly reduced right ventricular systolic pressure, total pulmonary resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy, and the medial wall thickness of muscularized distal pulmonary arterioles; AAV-Xbp1s also decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and increased apoptosis in pulmonary arterioles. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the Xbp1s-p-JNK pathway is important in hypoxic vascular remodeling and that targeting this pathway could be an effective strategy to prevent and alleviate HPH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Niu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanzhou He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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10
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Laban H, Siegmund S, Zappe M, Trogisch FA, Heineke J, Torre CDL, Fisslthaler B, Arnold C, Lauryn J, Büttner M, Mogler C, Kato K, Adams RH, Kuk H, Fischer A, Hecker M, Kuebler WM, Korff T. NFAT5/TonEBP Limits Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in the Hypoxic Lung by Controlling Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123293. [PMID: 34943801 PMCID: PMC8699676 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia increases the resistance of pulmonary arteries by stimulating their contraction and augmenting their coverage by smooth muscle cells (SMCs). While these responses require adjustment of the vascular SMC transcriptome, regulatory elements are not well defined in this context. Here, we explored the functional role of the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5/TonEBP) in the hypoxic lung. Regulatory functions of NFAT5 were investigated in cultured artery SMCs and lungs from control (Nfat5fl/fl) and SMC-specific Nfat5-deficient (Nfat5(SMC)−/−) mice. Exposure to hypoxia promoted the expression of genes associated with metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in Nfat5(SMC)−/− versus Nfat5fl/fl lungs. In vitro, hypoxia-exposed Nfat5-deficient pulmonary artery SMCs elevated the level of OXPHOS-related transcripts, mitochondrial respiration, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Right ventricular functions were impaired while pulmonary right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was amplified in hypoxia-exposed Nfat5(SMC)−/− versus Nfat5fl/fl mice. Scavenging of mitochondrial ROS normalized the raise in RVSP. Our findings suggest a critical role for NFAT5 as a suppressor of OXPHOS-associated gene expression, mitochondrial respiration, and ROS production in pulmonary artery SMCs that is vital to limit ROS-dependent arterial resistance in a hypoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatullah Laban
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Siegmund
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Maren Zappe
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Felix A. Trogisch
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.A.T.); (J.H.)
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Jörg Heineke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.A.T.); (J.H.)
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Carolina De La Torre
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Beate Fisslthaler
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany;
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Jonathan Lauryn
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany; (J.L.); (W.M.K.)
| | - Michael Büttner
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany;
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.K.); (R.H.A.)
| | - Ralf H. Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.K.); (R.H.A.)
| | - Hanna Kuk
- The Ottawa Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Andreas Fischer
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany; (J.L.); (W.M.K.)
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-544131; Fax: +49-6221-544038
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11
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Bajgar A, Krejčová G, Doležal T. Polarization of Macrophages in Insects: Opening Gates for Immuno-Metabolic Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629238. [PMID: 33659253 PMCID: PMC7917182 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and cachexia represent severe metabolic syndromes accompanying a variety of human pathological states, from life-threatening cancer and sepsis to chronic inflammatory states, such as obesity and autoimmune disorders. Although the origin of these metabolic syndromes has not been fully comprehended yet, a growing body of evidence indicates their possible interconnection with the acute and chronic activation of an innate immune response. Current progress in insect immuno-metabolic research reveals that the induction of insulin resistance might represent an adaptive mechanism during the acute phase of bacterial infection. In Drosophila, insulin resistance is induced by signaling factors released by bactericidal macrophages as a reflection of their metabolic polarization toward aerobic glycolysis. Such metabolic adaptation enables them to combat the invading pathogens efficiently but also makes them highly nutritionally demanding. Therefore, systemic metabolism has to be adjusted upon macrophage activation to provide them with nutrients and thus support the immune function. That anticipates the involvement of macrophage-derived systemic factors mediating the inter-organ signaling between macrophages and central energy-storing organs. Although it is crucial to coordinate the macrophage cellular metabolism with systemic metabolic changes during the acute phase of bacterial infection, the action of macrophage-derived factors may become maladaptive if chronic or in case of infection by an intracellular pathogen. We hypothesize that insulin resistance evoked by macrophage-derived signaling factors represents an adaptive mechanism for the mobilization of sources and their preferential delivery toward the activated immune system. We consider here the validity of the presented model for mammals and human medicine. The adoption of aerobic glycolysis by bactericidal macrophages as well as the induction of insulin resistance by macrophage-derived factors are conserved between insects and mammals. Chronic insulin resistance is at the base of many human metabolically conditioned diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cachexia. Therefore, revealing the original biological relevance of cytokine-induced insulin resistance may help to develop a suitable strategy for treating these frequent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bajgar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Gabriela Krejčová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Doležal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
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12
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Zhou D, Stobdan T, Visk D, Xue J, Haddad GG. Genetic interactions regulate hypoxia tolerance conferred by activating Notch in excitatory amino acid transporter 1-positive glial cells in Drosophila melanogaster. G3 (Bethesda) 2021; 11:jkab038. [PMID: 33576765 PMCID: PMC8022968 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a critical pathological element in many human diseases, including ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and solid tumors. Of particular significance and interest of ours are the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie susceptibility or tolerance to low O2. Previous studies have demonstrated that Notch signaling pathway regulates hypoxia tolerance in both Drosophila melanogaster and humans. However, the mechanisms mediating Notch-conferred hypoxia tolerance are largely unknown. In this study, we delineate the evolutionarily conserved mechanisms underlying this hypoxia tolerant phenotype. We determined the role of a group of conserved genes that were obtained from a comparative genomic analysis of hypoxia-tolerant D.melanogaster populations and human highlanders living at the high-altitude regions of the world (Tibetans, Ethiopians, and Andeans). We developed a novel dual-UAS/Gal4 system that allows us to activate Notch signaling in the Eaat1-positive glial cells, which remarkably enhances hypoxia tolerance in D.melanogaster, and, simultaneously, knock down a candidate gene in the same set of glial cells. Using this system, we discovered that the interactions between Notch signaling and bnl (fibroblast growth factor), croc (forkhead transcription factor C), or Mkk4 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4) are important for hypoxia tolerance, at least in part, through regulating neuronal development and survival under hypoxic conditions. Becausethese genetic mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved, this group of genes may serve as novel targets for developing therapeutic strategies and have a strong potential to be translated to humans to treat/prevent hypoxia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tsering Stobdan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - DeeAnn Visk
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jin Xue
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
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13
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Gaur P, Saini S, Ray K, Asanbekovna KN, Akunov A, Maripov A, Sarybaev A, Singh SB, Kumar B, Vats P. Temporal transcriptome analysis suggest modulation of multiple pathways and gene network involved in cell-cell interaction during early phase of high altitude exposure. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238117. [PMID: 32911517 PMCID: PMC7482924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High altitude (HA) conditions induce several physiological and molecular changes, prevalent in individuals who are unexposed to this environment. Individuals exposed towards HA hypoxia yields physiological and molecular orchestration to maintain adequate tissue oxygen delivery and supply at altitude. This study aimed to understand the temporal changes at altitude of 4,111m. Physiological parameters and transcriptome study was conducted at high altitude day 3, 7, 14 and 21. We observed changes in differentially expressed gene (DEG) at high altitude time points along with altered BP, HR, SpO2, mPAP. Physiological changes and unsupervised learning of DEG's discloses high altitude day 3 as distinct time point. Gene enrichment analysis of ontologies and pathways indicate cellular dynamics and immune response involvement in early day exposure and later stable response. Major clustering of genes involved in cellular dynamics deployed into broad categories: cell-cell interaction, blood signaling, coagulation system, and cellular process. Our data reveals genes and pathways perturbed for conditions like vascular remodeling, cellular homeostasis. In this study we found the nodal point of the gene interactive network and candidate gene controlling many cellular interactive pathways VIM, CORO1A, CD37, STMN1, RHOC, PDE7B, NELL1, NRP1 and TAGLN and the most significant among them i.e. VIM gene was identified as top hub gene. This study suggests a unique physiological and molecular perturbation likely to play a critical role in high altitude associated pathophysiological condition during early exposure compared to later time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gaur
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Supriya Saini
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Koushik Ray
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | | | - Almaz Akunov
- Kyrgyz Indian Mountain Biomedical Research Centre, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Abdirashit Maripov
- Kyrgyz Indian Mountain Biomedical Research Centre, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Akpay Sarybaev
- Kyrgyz Indian Mountain Biomedical Research Centre, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Kyrgyzstan
- * E-mail: , (PV); (AS)
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Vats
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
- * E-mail: , (PV); (AS)
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14
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Liu X, Wang X, Liu J, Wang X, Bao H. Identifying Candidate Genes for Hypoxia Adaptation of Tibet Chicken Embryos by Selection Signature Analyses and RNA Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E823. [PMID: 32698384 PMCID: PMC7397227 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tibet chicken (Gallus gallus) lives on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adapts to the hypoxic environment very well. The objectives of this study was to obtain candidate genes associated with hypoxia adaptation in the Tibet chicken embryos. In the present study, we used the fixation index (Fst) and cross population extended haplotype homozygosity (XPEHH) statistical methods to detect signatures of positive selection of the Tibet chicken, and analyzed the RNA sequencing data from the embryonic liver and heart with HISAT, StringTie and Ballgown for differentially expressed genes between the Tibet chicken and White leghorn (Gallus gallus, a kind of lowland chicken) embryos hatched under hypoxia condition. Genes which were screened out by both selection signature analysis and RNA sequencing analysis could be regarded as candidate genes for hypoxia adaptation of chicken embryos. We screened out 1772 genes by XPEHH and 601 genes by Fst, and obtained 384 and 353 differentially expressed genes in embryonic liver and heart, respectively. Among these genes, 89 genes were considered as candidate genes for hypoxia adaptation in chicken embryos. ARNT, AHR, GSTK1 and FGFR1 could be considered the most important candidate genes. Our findings provide references to elucidate the molecular mechanism of hypoxia adaptation in Tibet chicken embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China;
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haigang Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (J.L.)
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15
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Zhou C, Zou QY, Jiang YZ, Zheng J. Role of oxygen in fetoplacental endothelial responses: hypoxia, physiological normoxia, or hyperoxia? Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C943-C953. [PMID: 32267717 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00528.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, placental vascular growth, which is essential for supporting the rapidly growing fetus, is associated with marked elevations in blood flow. These vascular changes take place under chronic physiological low O2 (less than 2-8% O2 in human; chronic physiological normoxia, CPN) throughout pregnancy. O2 level below CPN pertinent to the placenta results in placental hypoxia. Such hypoxia can cause severe endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g., preeclampsia) and high risk of adult-onset cardiovascular diseases in children born to these pregnancy complications. However, our current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying fetoplacental endothelial function is derived primarily from cell models established under atmospheric O2 (~21% O2 at sea level, hyperoxia). Recent evidence has shown that fetoplacental endothelial cells cultured under CPN have distinct gene expression profiles and cellular responses compared with cells cultured under chronic hyperoxia. These data indicate the critical roles of CPN in programming fetal endothelial function and prompt us to re-examine the mechanisms governing fetoplacental endothelial function under CPN. Better understanding these mechanisms will facilitate us to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies for endothelial dysfunction-associated diseases (e.g., preeclampsia). This review will provide a brief summary on the impacts of CPN on endothelial function and its underlying mechanisms with a focus on fetoplacental endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhou
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Qing-Yun Zou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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16
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Wang L, Xia W, Chen H, Xiao ZX. ΔNp63α modulates phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase in regulation of cell cycle progression and cell growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:784-789. [PMID: 30635119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
p53-related p63 plays a critical role in regulation of cell proliferation, survival and cell differentiation. Dysregulation of p63 functions results in a disruption of a variety of normal biological processes, including stem cell biology, embryonic development, aging and tumorigenesis. ΔNp63α, a predominantly expressed p63 protein isoform in epithelial cells, plays a crucial role in regulation of cell cycle progression and cell growth. p38 MAP kinases (p38MAPK) are the members of mitogen-activated protein kinases family and are critical in regulation of cell survival in response to stress signals. In this study, we show that ectopic expression of ΔNp63α inhibited phosphorylation of p38MAPK. Acute knockdown of p63 led to a significant upregulation of p38MAPK phosphorylation, resulting in increased p21cip1/waf1 expression, reduced phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (RB), cell cycle G1 arrest and cell growth retardation. Restoration of ΔNp63α expression reversed cell cycle arrest and growth inhibition induced by p63 ablation. Pharmacological inhibition of p38MAPK significantly suppressed ΔNp63α ablation-induced cell cycle G1/S arrest. In addition, MAP Kinase Phosphatase 3 (MKP3) was responsible for ΔNp63α-mediated regulation of p38MAPK phosphorylation. Together, these results suggest that ΔNp63α-MPK3-p38MAPK signaling pathway plays an important role in cell cycle progression and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wanqiang Xia
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Xiao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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17
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Pradhan A, Avelar GM, Bain JM, Childers DS, Larcombe DE, Netea MG, Shekhova E, Munro CA, Brown GD, Erwig LP, Gow NAR, Brown AJP. Hypoxia Promotes Immune Evasion by Triggering β-Glucan Masking on the Candida albicans Cell Surface via Mitochondrial and cAMP-Protein Kinase A Signaling. mBio 2018; 9:e01318-18. [PMID: 30401773 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01318-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisms must adapt to changes in oxygen tension if they are to exploit the energetic benefits of reducing oxygen while minimizing the potentially damaging effects of oxidation. Consequently, organisms in all eukaryotic kingdoms display robust adaptation to hypoxia (low oxygen levels). This is particularly important for fungal pathogens that colonize hypoxic niches in the host. We show that adaptation to hypoxia in the major fungal pathogen of humans Candida albicans includes changes in cell wall structure and reduced exposure, at the cell surface, of β-glucan, a key pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). This leads to reduced phagocytosis by murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and decreased production of IL-10, RANTES, and TNF-α by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting that hypoxia-induced β-glucan masking has a significant effect upon C. albicans-host interactions. We show that hypoxia-induced β-glucan masking is dependent upon both mitochondrial and cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. The decrease in β-glucan exposure is blocked by mutations that affect mitochondrial functionality (goa1Δ and upc2Δ) or that decrease production of hydrogen peroxide in the inner membrane space (sod1Δ). Furthermore, β-glucan masking is enhanced by mutations that elevate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (aox1Δ). The β-glucan masking defects displayed by goa1Δ and upc2Δ cells are suppressed by exogenous dibutyryl-cAMP. Also, mutations that inactivate cAMP synthesis (cyr1Δ) or PKA (tpk1Δ tpk2Δ) block the masking phenotype. Our data suggest that C. albicans responds to hypoxic niches by inducing β-glucan masking via a mitochondrial cAMP-PKA signaling pathway, thereby modulating local immune responses and promoting fungal colonization.IMPORTANCE Animal, plant, and fungal cells occupy environments that impose changes in oxygen tension. Consequently, many species have evolved mechanisms that permit robust adaptation to these changes. The fungal pathogen Candida albicans can colonize hypoxic (low oxygen) niches in its human host, such as the lower gastrointestinal tract and inflamed tissues, but to colonize its host, the fungus must also evade local immune defenses. We reveal, for the first time, a defined link between hypoxic adaptation and immune evasion in C. albicans As this pathogen adapts to hypoxia, it undergoes changes in cell wall structure that include masking of β-glucan at its cell surface, and it becomes better able to evade phagocytosis by innate immune cells. We also define the signaling mechanisms that mediate hypoxia-induced β-glucan masking, showing that they are dependent on mitochondrial signaling and the cAMP-protein kinase pathway. Therefore, hypoxia appears to trigger immune evasion in this fungal pathogen.
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Xing Y, Zheng X, Qi J, Fu Y, Cao W, Li J, Zhu D. 15-Lipoxygenase/15-hydroxyeicosanoid and activator protein 1 contribute to hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells phenotype alteration. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 135:22-29. [PMID: 30103928 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and its metabolite 15-hydroxyeicosanoid (15-HETE) play a critical role on hypoxia-triggered pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) phenotype alteration through multifactorial pathways, like extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Here, we hypothesize that activator protein 1 (AP-1) was also involved in the PASMC phenotype alteration. Hypoxia elevated AP-1 expression in pulmonary arterials and in cultured PASMCs with a time-dependent manner. Both the gene disruption and pharmacological inactivation of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) significantly attenuated the hypoxia-elevated AP-1 expression. Silencing of AP-1 with small interference RNA abrogated the hypoxia- and 15-HETE-increased cell viability, proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, and Ki67 and α-tubulin staining. Moreover, AP-1 knockdown prevented hypoxia- and 15-HETE-promoted cyclin D1 expression and subsequent cell cycle progression into G2/M+S phase. Interestingly, AP-1 knockdown also inhibited the expression of 15-LOX, indicating a feedback regulation of 15-LOX/15-HETE signaling by AP-1. These findings shed light on the involvement of AP-1 in the PASMCs phenotype alteration via the hypoxia/15-LOX/15-HETE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Yao Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University; and Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Department of Biotechnological Pharmaceutics Education, Harbin Medical University - Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University; and Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Daling Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University; and Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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19
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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial (PA) wall modifications are key pathological features of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Although such abnormalities correlate with heightened phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2) in a rat model of PH, the contribution of specific JNK isoforms to the pathophysiology of PH is unknown. Hence, we hypothesized that activation of either one, or both JNK isoforms regulates PA remodeling in PH. We detected increased JNK1/2 phosphorylation in the thickened vessels of PH patients' lungs compared to that in lungs of healthy individuals. JNK1/2 phosphorylation paralleled a marked reduction in MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (JNK dephosphorylator) expression in patients' lungs. Association of JNK1/2 activation with vascular modification was confirmed in the calf model of severe hypoxia-induced PH. To ascertain the role of each JNK isoform in pathophysiology of PH, wild-type (WT), JNK1 null (JNK1-/-), and JNK2 null (JNK2-/-) mice were exposed to chronic hypoxia (10% O2 for six weeks) to develop PH. In hypoxic WT lungs, an increase in JNK1/2 phosphorylation was associated with PH-like pathology. Hallmarks of PH pathophysiology, i.e. excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix and vessel muscularization with medial wall thickening, was also detected in hypoxic JNK1-/- lungs, but not in hypoxia-exposed JNK2-/- lungs. However, hypoxia-induced increases in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and in right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were similar in all three genotypes. Our findings suggest that JNK2 participates in PA remodeling (but likely not in vasoconstriction) in murine hypoxic PH and that modulating JNK2 actions might quell vascular abnormalities and limit the course of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mita Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - W. Michael Zawada
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, A. T. Still University, School of Osteopathic Medicine Arizona, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - James West
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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20
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Liu Y, Sun Z, Zhu J, Xiao B, Dong J, Li X. LncRNA-TCONS_00034812 in cell proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and its mechanism. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4801-4814. [PMID: 29150946 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy; The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang; Lianyungang P.R. China
| | - Zengxian Sun
- Department of Pharmacy; The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang; Lianyungang P.R. China
| | - Jinquan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy; The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang; Lianyungang P.R. China
| | - Bingxin Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy; The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang; Lianyungang P.R. China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Pharmacy; The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang; Lianyungang P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Emergency; Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang; Lianyungang P.R. China
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21
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Sala MA, Chen C, Zhang Q, Do-Umehara HC, Wu W, Misharin AV, Waypa GB, Fang D, Budinger GRS, Liu S, Chandel NS, Schumacker PT, Sznajder JI, Liu J. JNK2 up-regulates hypoxia-inducible factors and contributes to hypoxia-induced erythropoiesis and pulmonary hypertension. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:271-284. [PMID: 29118187 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic response is a stress response triggered by low oxygen tension. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play a prominent role in the pathobiology of hypoxia-associated conditions, including pulmonary hypertension (PH) and polycythemia. The c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), a stress-activated protein kinase that consists of two ubiquitously expressed isoforms, JNK1 and JNK2, and a tissue-specific isoform, JNK3, has been shown to be activated by hypoxia. However, the physiological role of JNK1 and JNK2 in the hypoxic response remains elusive. Here, using genetic knockout cells and/or mice, we show that JNK2, but not JNK1, up-regulates the expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α and contributes to hypoxia-induced PH and polycythemia. Knockout or silencing of JNK2, but not JNK1, prevented the accumulation of HIF-1α in hypoxia-treated cells. Loss of JNK2 resulted in a decrease in HIF-1α and HIF-2α mRNA levels under resting conditions and in response to hypoxia. Consequently, hypoxia-treated Jnk2-/- mice had reduced erythropoiesis and were less prone to polycythemia because of decreased expression of the HIF target gene erythropoietin (Epo). Jnk2-/- mice were also protected from hypoxia-induced PH, as indicated by lower right ventricular systolic pressure, a process that depends on HIF. Taken together, our results suggest that JNK2 is a positive regulator of HIFs and therefore may contribute to HIF-dependent pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Sala
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Cong Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hanh Chi Do-Umehara
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Wenjiao Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Alexander V Misharin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Gregory B Waypa
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Shuwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Paul T Schumacker
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jing Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
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22
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Jiang R, Shi Y, Zeng C, Yu W, Zhang A, Du Y. Protein kinase Cα stimulates hypoxia‑induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation in rats through activating the extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6814-6820. [PMID: 28901444 PMCID: PMC5865839 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) may contribute to vascular remodeling, and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation has an important role in this process. However, no relevant information concerning the role and mechanism of protein kinase C (PKC)α in hypoxia-induced rat PASMC proliferation has been elucidated. The present study aimed to further investigate this by comparison of rat PASMC proliferation among normoxia for 72 h (21% O2), hypoxia for 72 h (3% O2), hypoxia + promoter 12-myristate 13-acetate control, hypoxia + safingol control, hypoxia + PD98059 control and hypoxia + U0126 control groups. The present study demonstrated that protein expression levels of PKCα in rat PASMCs were elevated. In conclusion, through activating the extracellular signal-regulated 1/2 signaling pathway, PKCα is involved in and initiates PASMC proliferation, thus bringing about pulmonary artery hypertension. These results add to the understanding of the mechanism PKCα in PH formation and lays a theoretical basis for prevention as well as treatment of HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Yu
- Respiratory Department, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Yongcheng Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
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23
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Zhang W, Wang W, Liu J, Li J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Jin Y, Li J, Cao J, Wang C, Ning W, Wang J. Follistatin-like 1 protects against hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45820. [PMID: 28361925 PMCID: PMC5374469 DOI: 10.1038/srep45820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains a life-limiting disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodelling due to aberrant proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), thus leading to raised pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. Secreted glycoprotein follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) has been reported to ameliorate tissue remodelling in cardiovascular injuries. However, the role of FSTL1 in deranged pulmonary arteries remains elusive. We found that there were higher serum levels of FSTL1 in patients with PH related to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and in mice model of hypoxia-induced PH (HPH). Haploinsufficiency of Fstl1 in mice contributed to an exacerbated HPH, as demonstrated by increased right ventricular systolic pressure, pulmonary arterial muscularization and right ventricular hypertrophy index. Conversely, FSTL1 administration attenuated HPH. In cultured human PASMCs, hypoxia-promoted cellular viability, DNA synthesis and migration were suppressed by exogenous FSTL1 but enhanced by small interfering RNA targeting FSTL1. Additionally, FSTL1 inhibited the proliferation and migration of PASMCs via extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signal pathway. All these findings indicate that FSTL1 imposed a protective modulation on pulmonary vascular remodelling, thereby suggesting its role in the regulation of HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jinna Li
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Zhifei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yankun Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jifeng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Jie Cao
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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24
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Huetsch JC, Suresh K, Bernier M, Shimoda LA. Update on novel targets and potential treatment avenues in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L811-L831. [PMID: 27591245 PMCID: PMC5130539 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00302.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition marked by a combination of constriction and remodeling within the pulmonary vasculature. It remains a disease without a cure, as current treatments were developed with a focus on vasodilatory properties but do not reverse the remodeling component. Numerous recent advances have been made in the understanding of cellular processes that drive pathologic remodeling in each layer of the vessel wall as well as the accompanying maladaptive changes in the right ventricle. In particular, the past few years have yielded much improved insight into the pathways that contribute to altered metabolism, mitochondrial function, and reactive oxygen species signaling and how these pathways promote the proproliferative, promigratory, and antiapoptotic phenotype of the vasculature during PH. Additionally, there have been significant advances in numerous other pathways linked to PH pathogenesis, such as sex hormones and perivascular inflammation. Novel insights into cellular pathology have suggested new avenues for the development of both biomarkers and therapies that will hopefully bring us closer to the elusive goal: a therapy leading to reversal of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Huetsch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Karthik Suresh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Meghan Bernier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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25
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Young KC, Torres E, Hehre D, Wu S, Suguihara C, Hare JM. Antagonism of stem cell factor/c-kit signaling attenuates neonatal chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:637-46. [PMID: 26705118 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that c-kit-positive cells are present in the remodeled pulmonary vasculature bed of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Whether stem cell factor (SCF)/c-kit-regulated pathways potentiate pulmonary vascular remodeling is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that attenuated c-kit signaling would decrease chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling by decreasing pulmonary vascular cell mitogenesis. METHODS Neonatal FVB/NJ mice treated with nonimmune IgG (placebo), or c-kit neutralizing antibody (ACK2) as well as c-kit mutant mice (WBB6F1-Kit(W-v/+)) and their congenic controls, were exposed to normoxia (FiO2 = 0.21) or hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.12) for 2 wk. Following this exposure, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), pulmonary vascular cell proliferation, and remodeling were evaluated. RESULTS As compared to chronically hypoxic controls, c-kit mutant mice had decreased RVSP, RVH, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and proliferation. Consistent with these findings, administration of ACK2 to neonatal mice with chronic hypoxia-induced PH decreased RVSP, RVH, pulmonary vascular cell proliferation, and remodeling. This attenuation in PH was accompanied by decreased extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation. CONCLUSION SCF/c-kit signaling may potentiate chronic hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling by modulating ERK activation. Inhibition of c-kit activity may be a potential strategy to alleviate PH.
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Qiu X, Zheng M, Song D, Huang L, Tang L, Ying L, Wang W. Notoginsenoside Rb1 inhibits activation of ERK and p38 MAPK pathways induced by hypoxia and hypercapnia. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2455-2461. [PMID: 27313674 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of notoginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) on the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways in primary cultured pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) exposed to hypoxia and hypercapnia, in order to elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of Rb1 on hypoxia and hypercapnia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction (HHPV). PASMCs were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. The cells were divided into five groups: Normal (N), hypoxia and hypercapnia (H), RbL, RbM and RbH groups. N group cells were cultured under 5% CO2 and 21% O2. H, RbL, RbM and RbH groups were cultured under 6% CO2 and 1% O2. Prior to the hypoxia and hypercapnia exposure, RbL, RbM and RbH groups were treated with 8, 40 and 100 mg/ml Rb1 for 30 min, respectively. Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (P-ERK) and P-p38 protein, and ERK1/2 and p38 mRNA expression levels were detected using western blot and semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses, respectively. The correlations between P-ERK protein and ERK1/2 mRNA, and between P-p38 protein and p38 mRNA were evaluated. Results of western blot and RT-PCR showed hypoxia and hypercapnia increased P-ERK and P-p38 protein, and ERK1/2 mRNA, respectively (P<0.05). Rb1 suppressed the increased P-ERK and P-p38 protein, and ERK1/2 and p38 mRNA by hypoxia and hypercapnia (P<0.05). P-ERK protein was positively correlated with ERK1 (r=0.5, P<0.01) and ERK2 mRNA (r=0.977, P<0.01). P-p38 protein was positively correlated with p38 mRNA (r=0.884, P<0.01). Thus, the present results indicate that Rb1 may ameliorate HHPV by suppressing ERK and p38 pathways. The study provides an experimental basis for investigating the clinical use of Rb1 in the management of HHPV-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Qiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Mengxiao Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Dong Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Linjing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ying
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Wantie Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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Jung S, Nah J, Han J, Choi SG, Kim H, Park J, Pyo HK, Jung YK. Dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) stimulates Aβ42 generation by promoting amyloid precursor protein axonal transport during hypoxia. J Neurochem 2016; 137:770-81. [PMID: 26924229 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is generated through the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases. Hypoxia is a known risk factor for AD and stimulates Aβ generation by γ-secretase; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we showed that dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) regulates Aβ generation through changes in subcellular localization of the γ-secretase complex and its substrate C99 under hypoxic conditions. DUSP26 was identified as a novel γ-secretase regulator from a genome-wide functional screen using a cDNA expression library. The phosphatase activity of DUSP26 was required for the increase in Aβ42 generation through γ-secretase, but this regulation did not affect the amount of the γ-secretase complex. Interestingly, DUSP26 induced the accumulation of C99 in the axons by stimulating anterograde transport of C99-positive vesicles. Additionally, DUSP26 induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation for APP processing and axonal transport of C99. Under hypoxic conditions, DUSP26 expression levels were elevated together with JNK activation, and treatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125, or the DUSP26 inhibitor NSC-87877, reduced hypoxia-induced Aβ generation by diminishing vesicle trafficking of C99 to the axons. Finally, we observed enhanced DUSP26 expression and JNK activation in the hippocampus of AD patients. Our results suggest that DUSP26 mediates hypoxia-induced Aβ generation through JNK activation, revealing a new regulator of γ-secretase-mediated APP processing under hypoxic conditions. We propose the role of phosphatase dual-specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26) in the selective regulation of Aβ42 production in neuronal cells under hypoxic stress. Induction of DUSP26 causes JNK-dependent shift in the subcellular localization of γ-secretase and C99 from the cell body to axons for Aβ42 generation. These findings provide a new strategy for developing new therapeutic targets to arrest AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Jung
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihoon Nah
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonghee Han
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Guk Choi
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Kim
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaesang Park
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Kyung Pyo
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Jung
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Pandey P, Mohammad G, Singh Y, Qadar Pasha MA. ROCK2 and MYLK variants under hypobaric hypoxic environment of high altitude associate with high altitude pulmonary edema and adaptation. Appl Clin Genet 2015; 8:257-67. [PMID: 26586960 PMCID: PMC4636093 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s90215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective To date, a major class of kinases, serine–threonine kinase, has been scantly investigated in stress-induced rare, fatal (if not treated early), and morbid disorder, high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). This study examined three major serine–threonine kinases, ROCK2, MYLK, and JNK1, along with six other genes, tyrosine hydroxylase, G-protein subunits GNA11 and GNB3, and alpha1 adrenergic receptor isoforms 1A, 1B, and 1D as candidate gene markers of HAPE and adaptation. Methods For this, 57 variants across these nine genes were genotyped in HAPE patients (n=225), HAPE controls (n=210), and highlanders (n=259) by Sequenom MS (TOF)-based MassARRAY® platform using iPLEX™ Gold technology. In addition, to study the gene expression, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the three study groups. Results A significant association was observed for C allele (ROCK2 single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs10929728) with HAPE (P=0.03) and C, T, and A alleles (MYLK single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs11717814, rs40305, and rs820336) with both HAPE and adaptation (P=0.001, P=0.006, and P=0.02, respectively). ROCK2 88 kb GGGTTGGT haplotype was associated with lower risk of HAPE (P=0.0009). MYLK 7 kb haplotype CTA, composed of variant alleles, was associated with higher risk of HAPE (P=0.0006) and lower association with adaptation (P=1E–06), whereas haplotype GCG, composed of wild-type alleles, was associated with lower risk of HAPE (P=0.001) and higher association with adaptation (P=1E–06). Haplotype–haplotype and gene–gene interactions demonstrated a correlation in working of ROCK2 and MYLK. Conclusion The data suggest the association of ROCK2 with HAPE and MYLK with HAPE and adaptation in Indian population. The outcome has provided new insights into the physiology of HAPE and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pandey
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India ; Department of Biotechnology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ghulam Mohammad
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India ; Department of Medicine, SNM Hospital, Leh, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India ; Department of Biotechnology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - M A Qadar Pasha
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India ; Department of Biotechnology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Church AC, Martin DH, Wadsworth R, Bryson G, Fisher AJ, Welsh DJ, Peacock AJ. The reversal of pulmonary vascular remodeling through inhibition of p38 MAPK-alpha: a potential novel anti-inflammatory strategy in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L333-47. [PMID: 26024891 PMCID: PMC4538235 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00038.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) system is increasingly recognized as an important inflammatory pathway in systemic vascular disease but its role in pulmonary vascular disease is unclear. Previous in vitro studies suggest p38 MAPKα is critical in the proliferation of pulmonary artery fibroblasts, an important step in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVremod). In this study the role of the p38 MAPK pathway was investigated in both in vitro and in vivo models of pulmonary hypertension and human disease. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPKα in both chronic hypoxic and monocrotaline rodent models of pulmonary hypertension prevented and reversed the pulmonary hypertensive phenotype. Furthermore, with the use of a novel and clinically available p38 MAPKα antagonist, reversal of pulmonary hypertension was obtained in both experimental models. Increased expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and p38 MAPKα was observed in the pulmonary vasculature from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, suggesting a role for activation of this pathway in the PVremod A reduction of IL-6 levels in serum and lung tissue was found in the drug-treated animals, suggesting a potential mechanism for this reversal in PVremod. This study suggests that the p38 MAPK and the α-isoform plays a pathogenic role in both human disease and rodent models of pulmonary hypertension potentially mediated through IL-6. Selective inhibition of this pathway may provide a novel therapeutic approach that targets both remodeling and inflammatory pathways in pulmonary vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair C Church
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom;
| | - Damien H Martin
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Wadsworth
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Bryson
- Department of Pathology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David J Welsh
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Peacock
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Ahmad Y, Sharma NK, Ahmad MF, Sharma M, Garg I, Srivastava M, Bhargava K. The proteome of Hypobaric Induced Hypoxic Lung: Insights from Temporal Proteomic Profiling for Biomarker Discovery. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10681. [PMID: 26022216 DOI: 10.1038/srep10681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to high altitude induces physiological responses due to hypoxia. Lungs being at the first level to face the alterations in oxygen levels are critical to counter and balance these changes. Studies have been done analysing pulmonary proteome alterations in response to exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. However, such studies have reported the alterations at specific time points and do not reflect the gradual proteomic changes. These studies also identify the various biochemical pathways and responses induced after immediate exposure and the resolution of these effects in challenge to hypobaric hypoxia. In the present study, using 2-DE/MS approach, we attempt to resolve these shortcomings by analysing the proteome alterations in lungs in response to different durations of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Our study thus highlights the gradual and dynamic changes in pulmonary proteome following hypobaric hypoxia. For the first time, we also report the possible consideration of SULT1A1, as a biomarker for the diagnosis of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Higher SULT1A1 levels were observed in rats as well as in humans exposed to high altitude, when compared to sea-level controls. This study can thus form the basis for identifying biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in responses to hypobaric hypoxia.
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Wilson JL, Yu J, Taylor L, Polgar P. Hyperplastic Growth of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Subjects with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Is Activated through JNK and p38 MAPK. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123662. [PMID: 25905460 PMCID: PMC4408087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle in the pulmonary artery of PAH subjects, both idiopathic and hereditary, is characterized by hyperplasia. Smooth muscle cells (HPASMC) isolated from subjects with or without PAH retain their in vivo phenotype as illustrated by their expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and expression of H-caldesmon. Both non PAH and PAH HPASMC display a lengthy, approximately 94h, cell cycle. The HPASMC from both idiopathic and hereditary PAH display an abnormal proliferation characterized by continued growth under non-proliferative, non-growth stimulated conditions. This effector independent proliferation is JNK and p38 MAP kinase dependent. Blocking the activation of either abrogates the HPASMC growth. HPASMC from non PAH donors under quiescent conditions display negligible proliferation but divide upon exposure to growth factors such as PDGF-BB or FGF2 but not EGF. This growth does not involve the MAP kinases. Instead it routes via the tyrosine kinase receptor through mTOR and then 6SK. In the PAH cells PDGF-BB and FGF2 augment the dysregulated cell proliferation, also through mTOR/6SK. Additionally, blocking the activation of mTOR also modulates the MAP kinase promoted dysregulated growth. These results highlight key alterations in the growth of HPASMC from subjects with PAH which contribute to the etiology of the disease and can clearly be targeted at various regulatory points for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Linda Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Polgar
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fuhrmann DC, Tausendschön M, Wittig I, Steger M, Ding MG, Schmid T, Dehne N, Brüne B. Inactivation of tristetraprolin in chronic hypoxia provokes the expression of cathepsin B. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:619-30. [PMID: 25452305 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.01034-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in many diseases and are frequently found in hypoxic areas. A chronic hypoxic microenvironment alters global cellular protein expression, but molecular details remain poorly understood. Although hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is an established transcription factor allowing adaption to acute hypoxia, responses to chronic hypoxia are more complex. Based on a two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) approach, we aimed to identify proteins that are exclusively expressed under chronic but not acute hypoxia (1% O2). One of the identified proteins was cathepsin B (CTSB), and a knockdown of either HIF-1α or -2α in primary human macrophages pointed to an HIF-2α dependency. Although chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments confirmed HIF-2 binding to a CTSB enhancer in acute hypoxia, an increase of CTSB mRNA was evident only under chronic hypoxia. Along those lines, CTSB mRNA stability increased at 48 h but not at 8 h of hypoxia. However, RNA stability at 8 h of hypoxia was enhanced by a knockdown of tristetraprolin (TTP). Inactivation of TTP under prolonged hypoxia was facilitated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and inhibition of this kinase lowered CTSB mRNA levels and stability. We postulate a TTP-dependent mechanism to explain delayed expression of CTSB under chronic hypoxia.
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Wang W, Liu J, Ma A, Miao R, Jin Y, Zhang H, Xu K, Wang C, Wang J. mTORC1 Is Involved in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Through the Activation of Notch3. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:2117-25. [PMID: 24825564 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Department of Physiology; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Physiology; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Aiping Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Ran Miao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yuling Jin
- Department of Physiology; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Kaifeng Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R. China
- Beijing Hospital; Ministry of Health; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R. China
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Zhai PF, Wang F, Su R, Lin HS, Jiang CL, Yang GH, Yu J, Zhang JW. The regulatory roles of microRNA-146b-5p and its target platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) in erythropoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22600-22613. [PMID: 24982425 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.547380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs have key roles in regulating various normal physiological processes, whereas their deregulated expression is correlated with various diseases. The miR-146 family includes miR-146a and miR-146b, with a distinct expression spectrum in different hematopoietic cells. Recent work indicated that miR-146a has a close relationship with inflammation and autoimmune diseases. miR-146-deficient mice have developed some abnormal hematopoietic phenotypes, suggesting the potential functions of miR-146 in hematopoietic development. In this study, we found that miR-146b was consistently up-regulated in both K562 and CD34(+) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) undergoing either erythroid or megakaryocytic differentiation. Remarkably, erythroid and megakaryocytic maturation of K562 cells was induced by excess miR-146b but inhibited by decreased miR-146b levels. More importantly, an mRNA encoding receptor tyrosine kinase, namely platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA), was identified and validated as a direct target of miR-146b in hematopoietic cells. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays showed that PDGFRA functioned as a negative regulator in erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation. miR-146b could ultimately affect the expression of the GATA-1 gene, which is regulated by HEY1 (Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1), a transcriptional repressor, via inhibition of the PDGFRA/JNK/JUN/HEY1 pathway. Lentivirus-mediated gene transfer also demonstrated that the overexpression of miR-146b promoted erythropoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis of HSPCs via its regulation on the PDGFRA gene and effects on GATA-1 expression. Moreover, we confirmed that the binding of GATA-1 to the miR-146b promoter and induction of miR-146b during hematopoietic maturation were dependent on GATA-1. Therefore, miR-146b, PDGFRA, and GATA-1 formed a regulatory circuit to promote erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Zhai
- Key State Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key State Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Rui Su
- Key State Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hai-Shuang Lin
- Key State Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Chong-Liang Jiang
- Key State Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Gui-Hua Yang
- Key State Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Key State Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jun-Wu Zhang
- Key State Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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Youssef A, Iosef C, Han VKM. Low-oxygen tension and IGF-I promote proliferation and multipotency of placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) from different gestations via distinct signaling pathways. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1386-97. [PMID: 24506070 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) is dynamic throughout gestation and determines changes in cell fate. In vivo, PMSCs initially develop in low-oxygen tension and low IGF-I concentrations, and both increase gradually with gestation. The impact of varying concentrations of IGF-I and changing oxygen tension on PMSC signaling and multipotency was investigated in PMSCs from early (preterm) and late (term) gestation human placentae. Preterm PMSCs had greater proliferative response to IGF-I, which was further enhanced by low-oxygen tension. Low-oxygen tension alone was sufficient to induce ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas IGF-I was required for AKT (protein kinase B) phosphorylation. Low-oxygen tension prolonged ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation with a slowed phosphorylation decay even in presence of IGF-I. Low-oxygen tension maintained higher levels of IGF-I receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 that were otherwise decreased by exposure to IGF-I and induced a differential phosphorylation pattern on IGF-I receptorβ and insulin receptor substrate 1. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT was different between the preterm and term PMSCs, and phospho-AKT, and not phospho-ERK1/2, was the major determinant of PMSC proliferation and octamer-4 levels. These studies demonstrate that low-oxygen tension regulates the fate of PMSCs from early and late gestations in response to IGF-I, both independently and dependently, via specific signal transduction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Youssef
- Departments of Biochemistry (A.Y., V.K.M.H.) and Paediatrics (C.I., V.K.M.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; Children's Health Research Institute (A.Y., C.I., V.K.M.H.); and Lawson Health Research Institute (A.Y., C.I., V.K.M.H.); Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6C 2V5
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36
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Jiang YZ, Wang K, Li Y, Dai CF, Wang P, Kendziorski C, Chen DB, Zheng J. Transcriptional and functional adaptations of human endothelial cells to physiological chronic low oxygen. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:114. [PMID: 23536375 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.108225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells chronically reside in low-O2 environments in vivo (2%-13% O2), which are believed to be critical for cell homeostasis. To elucidate the roles of this physiological chronic normoxia in human endothelial cells, we examined transcriptomes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), proliferation and migration of HUVECs in response to fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and underlying signaling mechanisms under physiological chronic normoxia. Immediately after isolation, HUVECs were cultured steadily under standard cell culture normoxia (SCN; 21% O2) or physiological chronic normoxia (PCN; 3% O2) up to 25 days. We found that PCN up-regulated 41 genes and down-regulated 21 genes, 90% of which differed from those previously reported from HUVECs cultured under SCN and exposed to acute low O2. Gene ontology analysis indicated that PCN-regulated genes were highly related to cell proliferation and migration, consistent with the results from benchtop assays that showed that PCN significantly enhanced FGF2- and VEGFA-stimulated cell proliferation and migration. Interestingly, preexposing the PCN cells to 21% O2 up to 5 days did not completely diminish PCN-enhanced cell proliferation and migration. These PCN-enhanced cell proliferations and migrations were mediated via augmented activation of MEK1/MEK2/ERK1/ERK2 and/or PI3K/AKT1. Importantly, these PCN-enhanced cellular responses were associated with an increase in activation of VEGFR2 but not FGFR1, without altering their expression. Thus, PCN programs endothelial cells to undergo dramatic changes in transcriptomes and sensitizes cellular proliferative and migratory responses to FGF2 and VEGFA. These PCN cells may offer a unique endothelial model, more closely mimicking the in vivo states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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Kawedia JD, Yang F, Sartor MA, Gozal D, Czyzyk-Krzeska M, Menon AG. Hypoxia and hypoxia mimetics decrease aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression through both hypoxia inducible factor-1α and proteasome-mediated pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57541. [PMID: 23469202 PMCID: PMC3586073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The alveolar epithelium plays a central role in gas exchange and fluid transport, and is therefore critical for normal lung function. Since the bulk of water flux across this epithelium depends on the membrane water channel Aquaporin 5 (AQP5), we asked whether hypoxia had any effect on AQP5 expression. We show that hypoxia causes a significant (70%) decrease in AQP5 expression in the lungs of mice exposed to hypoxia. Hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic, cobalt, also caused similar decreases in AQP5 mRNA and protein expression in the mouse lung epithelial cell line MLE-12. The action of hypoxia and cobalt on AQP5 transcription was demonstrated by directly quantifying heternonuclear RNA by real-time PCR. Dominant negative mutants of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF-1α) and HIF-1α siRNA blocked the action of cobalt, showing that HIF-1α is a key component in this mechanism. The proteasome inhibitors, lactacystin or proteasome inhibitor-III completely abolished the effect of hypoxia and cobalt both at the protein and mRNA level indicating that the proteasome pathway is probably involved not only for the stability of HIF-1α protein, but for the stability of unidentified transcription factors that regulate AQP5 transcription. These studies reveal a potentially important physiological mechanism linking hypoxic stress and membrane water channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitesh D Kawedia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.
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Tran PV, Fretham SJB, Wobken J, Miller BS, Georgieff MK. Gestational-neonatal iron deficiency suppresses and iron treatment reactivates IGF signaling in developing rat hippocampus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E316-24. [PMID: 22068601 PMCID: PMC3287363 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00369.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gestational-neonatal iron deficiency, a common micronutrient deficiency affecting the offspring of more than 30% of pregnancies worldwide, leads to long-term cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. Preclinical models of gestational-neonatal iron deficiency result in reduced energy metabolism and expression of genes critical for neuronal plasticity and cognitive function, which are associated with a smaller hippocampal volume and abnormal neuronal dendrite growth. Because insulin-like growth factor (IGF) modulates early postnatal cellular growth, differentiation, and survival, we used a dietary-induced rat model to assess the effects of gestational iron deficiency on activity of the IGF system. We hypothesized that gestational iron deficiency attenuates postnatal hippocampal IGF signaling and results in downstream effects that contribute to hippocampal anatomic and functional deficits. At postnatal day (P) 15 untreated gestational-neonatal iron deficiency markedly suppressed hippocampal IGF activation and protein kinase B signaling, and reduced neurogenesis, while elevating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression. Iron treatment beginning at P7 restored IGF signaling, increased neurogenesis, and normalized all parameters by the end of rapid hippocampal differentiation (P30). Expression of the neuron-specific synaptogenesis marker, disc-large homolog 4 (PSD95), increased more rapidly than the glia-specific myelination marker, myelin basic protein, following iron treatment, suggesting a more robust response to iron therapy in IGF-I-dependent neurons than IGF-II-dependent glia. Collectively, our findings suggest that IGF dysfunction is in part responsible for hippocampal abnormalities in untreated iron deficiency. Early postnatal iron treatment of gestational iron deficiency reactivates the IGF system and promotes neurogenesis and differentiation in the hippocampus during a critical developmental period.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diet therapy
- Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/metabolism
- Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/pathology
- Animals
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Hippocampus/pathology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/metabolism
- Iron, Dietary/administration & dosage
- Iron, Dietary/therapeutic use
- Lactation
- Male
- Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
- Neurogenesis
- Neurons/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Somatomedins/genetics
- Somatomedins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu V Tran
- Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA.
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39
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Hartney T, Birari R, Venkataraman S, Villegas L, Martinez M, Black SM, Stenmark KR, Nozik-Grayck E. Xanthine oxidase-derived ROS upregulate Egr-1 via ERK1/2 in PA smooth muscle cells; model to test impact of extracellular ROS in chronic hypoxia. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27531. [PMID: 22140445 PMCID: PMC3225357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of newborn calves to chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary artery (PA) hypertension and remodeling. Previous studies showed that the redox-sensitive transcription factor, early growth response-1 (Egr-1), is upregulated in the PA of chronically hypoxic calves and regulates cell proliferation. Furthermore, we established in mice a correlation between hypoxic induction of Egr-1 and reduced activity of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), an antioxidant that scavenges extracellular superoxide. We now hypothesize that loss of EC-SOD in chronically hypoxic calves leads to extracellular superoxide-mediated upregulation of Egr-1. To validate our hypothesis and identify the signaling pathways involved, we utilized PA tissue from normoxic and chronically hypoxic calves and cultured calf and human PA smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Total SOD activity was low in the PA tissue, and only the extracellular SOD component decreased with hypoxia. PA tissue of hypoxic calves showed increased oxidative stress and increased Egr-1 mRNA. To mimic the in vivo hypoxia-induced extracellular oxidant imbalance, cultured calf PASMC were treated with xanthine oxidase (XO), which generates extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. We found that 1) XO increased Egr-1 mRNA and protein, 2) XO induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and, 3) pretreatment with an ERK1/2 inhibitor prevented induction of Egr-1 by XO. siRNA knock-down of EC-SOD in human PASMC also upregulated Egr-1 mRNA and protein, activated ERK1/2, and enhanced SMC proliferation and reduced apoptosis. We conclude that an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance arising from loss of EC-SOD in the PA with chronic hypoxia induces Egr-1 via activation of ERK1/2 and contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Hartney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rahul Birari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Leah Villegas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Maylyn Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Morecroft I, Doyle B, Nilsen M, Kolch W, Mair K, Maclean MR. Mice lacking the Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein exhibit exaggerated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:948-63. [PMID: 21385176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increased pulmonary vascular remodelling, pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance characterize the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Activation of the Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 is thought to play an important role in PAH and Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), negatively regulates this pathway. This study investigated whether genetic deletion of RKIP (and hence ERK1/2 up-regulation) resulted in a pulmonary hypertensive phenotype in mice and investigated a role for RKIP in mitogen-regulated proliferative responses in lung fibroblasts. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pulmonary vascular haemodynamics and remodelling were assessed in mice genetically deficient in RKIP (RKIP-/-) after 2 weeks of either normoxia or hypoxia. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to examine phosphorylation of Raf-1, RKIP and ERK1/2 in mouse pulmonary arteries. In vitro, RKIP inhibition of mitogen signalling was analysed in CCL39 hamster lung fibroblasts. KEY RESULTS RKIP-/- mice demonstrated elevated indices of PAH and ERK1/2 phosphorylation compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Hypoxic RKIP-/- mice exhibited exaggerated PAH indices. Hypoxia increased phosphorylation of Raf-1, RKIP and ERK1/2 in WT mouse pulmonary arteries and Raf-1 phosphorylation in RKIP-/- mouse pulmonary arteries. In CCL39 cells, inhibition of RKIP potentiated mitogen-induced proliferation and phosphorylation of RKIP, and Raf-1. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The lack of RKIP protein resulted in a pulmonary hypertensive phenotype, exaggerated in hypoxia. Hypoxia induced phosphorylation of RKIP signalling elements in WT pulmonary arteries. RKIP inhibition potentiated mitogen-induced proliferation in lung fibroblasts. These results provide evidence for the involvement of RKIP in suppressing the development of hypoxia-induced PAH in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Morecroft
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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41
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Hickman MJ, Spatt D, Winston F. The Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase mediates a hypoxic response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2011; 188:325-38. [PMID: 21467572 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.111.128322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied hypoxic induction of transcription by studying the seripauperin (PAU) genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous studies showed that PAU induction requires the depletion of heme and is dependent upon the transcription factor Upc2. We have now identified additional factors required for PAU induction during hypoxia, including Hog1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) whose signaling pathway originates at the membrane. Our results have led to a model in which heme and ergosterol depletion alters membrane fluidity, thereby activating Hog1 for hypoxic induction. Hypoxic activation of Hog1 is distinct from its previously characterized response to osmotic stress, as the two conditions cause different transcriptional consequences. Furthermore, Hog1-dependent hypoxic activation is independent of the S. cerevisiae general stress response. In addition to Hog1, specific components of the SAGA coactivator complex, including Spt20 and Sgf73, are also required for PAU induction. Interestingly, the mammalian ortholog of Spt20, p38IP, has been previously shown to interact with the mammalian ortholog of Hog1, p38. Taken together, our results have uncovered a previously unknown hypoxic-response pathway that may be conserved throughout eukaryotes.
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42
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Xia S, Tai X, Wang Y, An X, Qian G, Dong J, Wang X, Sha B, Wang D, Murthi P, Kalionis B, Wang X, Bai C. Involvement of Gax Gene in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension, Proliferation, and Apoptosis of Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 44:66-73. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0442oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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43
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You JJ, Yang CM, Chen MS, Yang CH. Regulation of Cyr61/CCN1 expression by hypoxia through cooperation of c-Jun/AP-1 and HIF-1α in retinal vascular endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2010; 91:825-36. [PMID: 21029732 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is the most important factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61) is one of the angiogenic factors involved in the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of hypoxia-induced Cyr61 expression in retinal vascular endothelial cells. The hypoxia-induced expression of mRNA and protein of Cyr61 was studied in monkey choroidal retinal vascular endothelial (RF/6A) cells. Luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to identify the hypoxia responsible region and transcription factors in the Cyr61 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and immunoprecipitation were performed to study the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and c-Jun/activator protein-1 (AP-1) in Cyr61 transcriptional regulation. The results showed that hypoxia significantly induced Cyr61 mRNA and protein expression in RF/6A cells. The effect was mediated through phosphorylation of c-Jun. Luciferase assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and immunoprecipitation showed that HIF-1α interacted with c-Jun/AP-1 and their binding on the AP-1 binding motif within the Cyr61 promoter induced the expression of Cyr61. In conclusion, hypoxia controlled the transcriptional regulation of the Cyr61 gene in RF/6A cells by cooperation of HIF-1α and c-Jun/AP-1. Cyr61 might play an important role in ischemic retinal diseases, such as PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jang You
- Keelung General Hospital, Department of Health, The Executive Yuan, Keelung, Taiwan
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44
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Graham BB, Mentink-Kane MM, El-Haddad H, Purnell S, Zhang L, Zaiman A, Redente EF, Riches DWH, Hassoun PM, Bandeira A, Champion HC, Butrous G, Wynn TA, Tuder RM. Schistosomiasis-induced experimental pulmonary hypertension: role of interleukin-13 signaling. Am J Pathol 2010; 177:1549-61. [PMID: 20671265 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying schistosomiasis-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH), one of the most common causes of PH worldwide, remain unclear. We sought to determine whether Schistosoma mansoni causes experimental PH associated with pulmonary vascular remodeling in an interleukin (IL)-13-dependent manner. IL-13Ralpha1 is the canonical IL-13 signaling receptor, whereas IL-13Ralpha2 is a competitive nonsignaling decoy receptor. Wild-type, IL-13Ralpha1(-/-), and IL-13Ralpha2(-/-) C57BL/6J mice were percutaneously infected with S. mansoni cercariae, followed by i.v. injection of eggs. We assessed PH with right ventricular catheterization, histological evaluation of pulmonary vascular remodeling, and detection of IL-13 and transforming growth factor-beta signaling. Infected mice developed pulmonary peri-egg granulomas and arterial remodeling involving predominantly the vascular media. In addition, gain-of-function IL-13Ralpha2(-/-) mice had exacerbated vascular remodeling and PH. Mice with loss of IL-13Ralpha1 function did not develop PH and had reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling. Moreover, the expression of resistin-like molecule-alpha, a target of IL-13 signaling, was increased in infected wild-type and IL-13Ralpha2(-/-) but not IL-13Ralpha1(-/-) mice. Phosphorylated Smad2/3, a target of transforming growth factor-beta signaling, was increased in both infected mice and humans with the disease. Our data indicate that experimental schistosomiasis causes PH and potentially relies on up-regulated IL-13 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Graham
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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45
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Jin Y, Calvert TJ, Chen B, Chicoine LG, Joshi M, Bauer JA, Liu Y, Nelin LD. Mice deficient in Mkp-1 develop more severe pulmonary hypertension and greater lung protein levels of arginase in response to chronic hypoxia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1518-28. [PMID: 20173047 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00813.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are involved in cellular responses to many stimuli, including hypoxia. MAP kinase signaling is regulated by a family of phosphatases that include MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). We hypothesized that mice lacking the Mkp-1 gene would have exaggerated chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Wild-type (WT) and Mkp-1(-/-) mice were exposed to either 4 wk of normoxia or hypobaric hypoxia. Following chronic hypoxia, both genotypes demonstrated elevated right ventricular pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy as demonstrated by the ratio of the right ventricle to the left ventricle plus septum weights [RV(LV + S)], and greater vascular remodeling. However, the right ventricular systolic pressures, the RV/(LV + S), and the medial wall thickness of 100- to 300-microm vessels was significantly greater in the Mkp-1(-/-) mice than in the WT mice following 4 wk of hypobaric hypoxia. Chronic hypoxic exposure caused no detectable change in eNOS protein levels in the lungs in either genotype; however, Mkp-1(-/-) mice had lower levels of eNOS protein and lower lung NO production than did WT mice. No iNOS protein was detected in the lungs by Western blotting in any condition in either genotype. Both arginase I and arginase II protein levels were greater in the lungs of hypoxic Mkp-1(-/-) mice than those in hypoxic WT mice. Lung levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen were greater in hypoxic Mkp-1(-/-) than in hypoxic WT mice. These data are consistent with the concept that MKP-1 acts to restrain hypoxia-induced arginase expression and thereby reduces vascular remodeling and the severity of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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46
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Wang K, Jiang YZ, Chen DB, Zheng J. Hypoxia enhances FGF2- and VEGF-stimulated human placental artery endothelial cell proliferation: roles of MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT1 pathways. Placenta 2009; 30:1045-51. [PMID: 19892399 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Placental development occurs under a low oxygen (2-8% O(2)) environment, which is critical for placental development and angiogenesis. In this study, we examined if hypoxia affected fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2)- and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated cell proliferation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/v-akt murine thymomaviral oncogene homologue (AKT1) pathways in human placental artery endothelial (HPAE) cells. We observed that under normoxia (approximately 20% O(2)), FGF2 and VEGF dose-dependently stimulated cell proliferation. Hypoxia (3% O(2)) significantly promoted FGF2- and VEGF-stimulated cell proliferation as compared to normoxia. Under both normoxia and hypoxia, FGF2 rapidly induced ERK1/2 and AKT1 phosphorylation, while VEGF-induced ERK1/2, but not AKT1 phosphorylation. However, hypoxia did not significantly alter FGF2- and VEGF-induced ERK1/2 and AKT1 phosphorylation as compared to normoxia. PD98059 (a MEK1/2 inhibitor) at 20microM and LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) at 5microM attenuated FGF2- and VEGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT1, respectively. PD98059, even at doses that drastically inhibited FGF2-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation (20microM) and caused cell loss (40microM), did not affect FGF2-stimulated cell proliferation, which was confirmed by U0126 (another potent MEK1/2 inhibitor). PD98059, however, dose-dependently inhibited VEGF-stimulated cell proliferation. Conversely, LY294002 dose-dependently inhibited FGF2-, but not VEGF-stimulated cell proliferation. These data suggest that in the MEK1/2/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT1 pathways differentially mediate FGF2- and VEGF-stimulated HPAE cell proliferation. These results also indicate that hypoxia promotes FGF2- and VEGF-stimulated cell proliferation without further activation of the PI3K/AKT1 and MEK1/2/ERK1/2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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47
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Zhou W, Negash S, Liu J, Raj JU. Modulation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype in hypoxia: role of cGMP-dependent protein kinase and myocardin. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 296:L780-9. [PMID: 19251841 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90295.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that in ovine fetal pulmonary venous smooth muscle cells (FPVSMC), decreased expression of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) by hypoxia could explain hypoxia-induced SMC phenotype modulation. In this study, we investigated the role of myocardin, a possible downstream effector of PKG, in SMC phenotype modulation induced by 1 and 24 h of hypoxia. Hypoxia for 1 h induced the phosphorylation of E-26-like protein 1 (Elk-1), indicating a quick activation of Elk-1 after hypoxia. Either hypoxia (1 h) or treatment with DT-3, a PKG inhibitor, increased associations of Elk-1 with myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene and serum response factor (SRF), which was paralleled by a decrease in association of myocardin with MHC gene and SRF. Exposure to hypoxia of FPVSMC for 24 h significantly decreased the promoter activity of multiple SMC marker genes, downregulated protein and mRNA expression of myocardin, and upregulated mRNA expression of Elk-1, but had no significant effects on the phosphorylation of Elk-1. Inhibition of myocardin by siRNA transfection downregulated the expression of SMC marker proteins, while overexpression of myocardin prevented the hypoxia-induced decrease in expression of SMC marker proteins. Inhibition of PKG by siRNA transfection downregulated the expression of myocardin, but upregulated that of Elk-1. Overexpression of PKG prevented hypoxia-induced effects on protein expression of myocardin and Elk-1. These data suggest that PKG induces displacement of myocardin from SRF and upregulates myocardin expression, thus activating the SMC genes transcription. The inhibitory effects of hypoxia on PKG may explain hypoxia-induced SMC phenotype modulation by decreasing the effects of PKG on myocardin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Zhou
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
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48
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Weerackody RP, Welsh DJ, Wadsworth RM, Peacock AJ. Inhibition of p38 MAPK reverses hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery endothelial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H1312-20. [PMID: 19201999 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00977.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. p38 MAPK expression is increased in the pulmonary artery following hypoxic exposure. Recent evidence suggests that increased p38 MAPK activity is associated with endothelial dysfunction. However, the role of p38 MAPK activation in pulmonary artery endothelial dysfunction is not known. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 2 wk hypobaric hypoxia, which resulted in the development of pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of intrapulmonary vessels from hypoxic animals was impaired due to a reduced nitric oxide (NO) generation. This was despite increased endothelial NO synthase immunostaining and protein expression. Hypoxia exposure increased superoxide generation and p38 MAPK expression. The inhibition of p38 MAPK restored endothelium-dependent relaxation, increased bioavailable NO, and reduced superoxide production. In conclusion, the pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK was effective in increasing NO generation, reducing superoxide burden, and restoring hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction in rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. p38 MAPK may be a novel target for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan P Weerackody
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Level 8, Western Infirmary, Dumbarton Rd., Glasgow G11 6NT, UK
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49
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Tozer GM, Kanthou C, Lewis G, Prise VE, Vojnovic B, Hill SA. Tumour vascular disrupting agents: combating treatment resistance. Br J Radiol 2008; 81 Spec No 1:S12-20. [PMID: 18819993 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/36205483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A large group of tubulin-binding microtubule-depolymerizing agents act as tumour vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). Several members of this group are now in clinical trials in combination with conventional anticancer drugs and radiotherapy. Here we briefly update on the development of tubulin-binding combretastatins as VDAs, summarize what is known of their mechanisms of action and address issues relating to treatment resistance, using disodium combretastatin A-4 3-O-phosphate (CA-4-P) as an example. Characteristically, VDAs cause a rapid shutdown of blood flow to tumour tissue with much less effect in normal tissues. However, the tumour rim is relatively resistant to treatment. Hypoxia (or hypoxia reoxygenation) induces upregulation of genes associated with angiogenesis and drug resistance. It may be possible to take advantage of treatment-induced hypoxia by combining with drugs that are activated under hypoxic conditions. In summary, VDAs provide a novel approach to cancer treatment, which should effectively complement standard treatments, if treatment resistance is addressed by judicious combination treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Tozer
- University of Sheffield, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, K Floor, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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50
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Wu SY, Pan SL, Chen TH, Liao CH, Huang DY, Guh JH, Chang YL, Kuo SC, Lee FY, Teng CM. YC-1 induces apoptosis of human renal carcinoma A498 cells in vitro and in vivo through activation of the JNK pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:505-13. [PMID: 18641674 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of YC-1{3-(5'-hydroxy methyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole}-induced human renal carcinoma cells apoptosis and to evaluate the potency of YC-1 in models of tumour growth in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH YC-1-mediated apoptosis was assessed by analysis of MTT, SRB, DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis. Knockdown of JNK protein was achieved by transient transfection using siRNA. The mechanisms of action of YC-1 on different signalling pathways involved were studied using western blot. Fas clustering was analysed by confocal microscopy and in vivo efficacy was examined in a A498 xenograft model. KEY RESULTS YC-1 displayed cytotoxicity in renal carcinoma cells at 10(-7)-10(-8) M. Increased condensation of chromatin was observed and an increase in the cell population in subG1 phase. Moreover, YC-1 triggered mitochondria-mediated and caspase-dependent pathways. YC-1 significantly induced Fas ligand expression, but did not modify either the protein levels of death receptors or ligands. In addition, Fas clustering in cells responsive to YC-1 was observed, suggesting involvement of a Fas-mediated pathway. Furthermore, YC-1 markedly induced phosphorylation of JNK and a JNK inhibitor, SP600125, and siRNA JNK1/2 significantly reversed YC-1-induced cytotoxicity and protein expression. We suggest that YC-1 induced JNK phosphorylation, the upregulation of FasL and Fas receptor clustering to promote the activation of caspases 8 and 3, resulting in apoptosis. Finally, we demonstrated the antitumour effect of YC-1 in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that YC-1 is a good candidate for development as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pharmacological Institute, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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